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Course Title:Bio-Inspired RoboticsMohammad Iqbal
(Thanks to Masoud Asadpour)
Lecture: Control of Collective Behavior
In the name of God
Some of the slides have been taken from the presentations of J.Halloy et al, ULB on LEURRE project
Smart Collars and Virtual Fences
http://groups.csail.mit.edu/drl/wiki/images/c/ca/bcpr-cows.pdf
Centralized Control of collective behavior
Distributed Control with Informed Agents
In many collective behaviors, only a fewindividuals among a group that, e.g. forage or travel, have pertinent information, such as knowledge about the location of a food source, or of a migration route. Couzin et al (Nature 433, 2005) showed that the larger the group, the smaller the proportion of informed individuals needed to guide the group, and that only a very small proportion of informed individuals is required to achieve great accuracy. Potential applications in human society: Education, Dialog between cultures, Government, Stock market, Fashions.
LEURRE Project: Realization of Collective Behavior Control
Cockroaches tend to aggregate in darkplaces. Can we change their behavior and force them in some way to select bright places?Solution: Use some robot which seem like cockroaches (in their eyes!)
Polyethylene ring (diameter: 100cm, height: 20cm, thickness: 1cm)
Camera: Panasonic WV-BP330
Plexiglas shelters covered by red filters
©Philippe PLAILLY / EURELIOS
Experimental protocol
0.0060.030Cockroach
Dark shelterLight shelter
Probability of leaving+/-
+Shelters
Collective selection
>
Central role of the number of neighbors on cockroach behavior: P of leaving shelter decreases with increasing number of neighbors.
Influence of shelter darkness on P of leaving
Modulation of cockroach’s behaviour
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0-0.33 0.34-0.66 0.67-1
fraction of sheltered cockroaches under the shelter 1
Frac
tion
of e
xper
imen
ts
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Winner shelter Loser shelterFrac
tion
of c
ockr
oach
es u
nder
she
lter
Selection between 2 identical shelters
10 cockroaches/light shelters10 cockroaches/dark shelters
30 cockroaches/dark shelters
Symmetry
Collective selection of only ONE resting site
Collective selection of the darkest shelter
Discrimination increases with group size 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0-0.33 0.34-0.66 0.67-1
fraction of sheltered cockroaches under the dark shelter
Frac
tion
of e
xper
imen
ts10 cockroaches (n=30)
12 cockroaches (n=30)
30 cockroaches (n=25)
Collective selection between 2 different shelters
Collective decision making in cockroach group
bifurcations leading to multiple steady states
Mixed Society
Mixed groups are as selective as pure cockroaches groups
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-100Percentage of individuals under the winner shelter
Frac
tion
of e
xper
imen
ts
without insbot (n=13)
with insbot (n=21)
Collective choice in mixed-society Homogeneous shelters
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-100
Percentage of individuals under the dark shelter (%)
Frac
tion
of e
xper
imen
ts w ithout insbot (n=29)
w ith insbot (n=14)
Collective choice in mixed-society Heterogeneous shelters
The proportion of experiments choosing either the dark or the light shelter is same in pure
cockroaches and mixed societies
Insects prefer darkRobots prefer light
Change in collective choice
Preference of the robots for dark and light shelters is swapped. So they prefer the light shelter instead of the dark oneThe robots are able to induce a change in the global pattern by reversing the collective shelter preference.
0.59
0.16
0.320.38
0.03
0.59
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0 - 0.33 0.34 - 0.66 0.67 - 1
Fraction of individuals under the dark shelter
Frac
tion
of e
xper
imen
ts
bright preference dark preference
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2 cockroaches marked unmarked
Mea
n tim
e of
con
tact
(s)
A
Importance of chemical marking
10 xMarked or unmarked1 x
SummaryCockroaches perform group choice that is a form of self-organized collective decision. It emerges form the local interactions between individuals.Both machines and insects are capable, independently of each other, to perform such collective decision.The robots are accepted by the cockroaches groups and actively take part in the collective choice.Most of the time, they gather with the cockroaches under the same shelter.When the robots are programmed to have an opposite preference compared to insects, they are able to induce a change in the global pattern by reversing the collective shelter preference.The mixed group of robots and insects gather in the less preferred shelter by the insects.
These experimental results demonstrate the existence of shared and controlled collective choice between machines and animals.
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