covalent bonding masha ld (201127636)

Covalent Bond

Covalent Bond

by Masha LD201127636

Covalent Bond

Covalent Bond

Covalent Bond

Covalent Bond Covalent Bond

Covalent Bond

Covalent BondingGrade 10

Covalent Bonds

• Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons.

• Covalent bonds generally form between nonmetals.

• Atoms that are covalently bonded form molecules.

This involves the sharing of electrons by 2 or more atoms.

The electrons are shared, not taken as with ionic bonds.

EXAMPLES INCLUDE THE BONDS BETWEEN:

H2 F2 Br2 Cl2 HCl H2O

Another example : Hydrogen

H HXO

HH O x

Single Bond

Chlorine Molecule

Let us see how chlorine bonds

ClCl

Cl Cl

Cl Cl

Cl Cl

Cl Cloctet

Cl Cloctet

Cl ClThe octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle

Cl ClThe octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle

Cl ClThis is the bonding pair

Cl ClIt is a single bonding pair

Cl ClIt is called a SINGLE BOND

Double bond can also be shown as single dash

Cl - Cl

Water• H2O

Methane• CH4

Tetrachloromethane• CCL4

Ammonia• NH3

Another example of Single Bond

Double Bond

sometimes simple is better -_-

Oxygen

How will two oxygen atoms bond?

OO

OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons

OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.

So both atoms want to gain two electrons.

OO

Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.

So both atoms want to gain two electrons.

OO

OO

OO

OO

OO

OOBoth electron pairs are shared.

6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons

= full octet

OO

6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons

= full octet

OO

two bonding pairs,

OOmaking a double bond

Double bond can also be shown as double dashes

O = O

References• file:///C:/Users/General/Downloads/covalentbonding-130621234636-phpapp02%

20(1).ppt

• file:///C:/Users/General/Downloads/covalentbonding-130621234636-phpapp02%20(1)%20(1).ppt

• file:///C:/Users/General/Downloads/unit11powerpoint-091031211736-phpapp01%20(1).pptx

• http://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/covalentbonds-130827115227-phpapp01.pptx?response-content-disposition=attachment&Signature=YkDwEKVYG6TEnHXW7RW7M3hBdo8%3D&Expires=1394186599&AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIW74DRRRQSO4NIKA