crop production and management by sumera qureshi

CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

BY SUMERA QURESHI

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

• CROP- WHHEN PLANTS OF THE SAME TYPE ARE GROWN ON A PIECE OF LAND.

• TYPES OF CROPS-• KHARIF- GROWN IN RAINY SEASON(JUNE TO

SEPTEMBER) EG-PADDY, MAIZE.• RABY- GROWN IN WINTER(OCT TO MATCH)• EG- WHEAT, PEA, GRAM

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

• 1.PREPARATION OF SOIL.• 2.SOWING• 3. ADDING MANURE AND FERTILIZER• 4. IRRIGATION• 5. PROTECTION FROM WEEDS• 6. HARVESTING• 7. STORAGE

PRPARATION OF SOIL-THE LOOSENING AND TURNING OF SOIL BY PLOUGH

plough

CULTIVATOR

SOWING- SEED DRILLS ARE US ED FOR SOWING HEALTHY SEEDS OF GOOD

VARIETY

Traditional seed drill

MANURE

• WHEN THE DEAD PLANT AND ANIMAL MATTER IS DECOMPOSED TO PROVIDE NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP PLANTS.

• IF EARTHWORMS ARE USED FOR MAKING MANURE, IT IS CALLED VERMICOMPOSTING

manure

VERMICOMPOSTING

FERTILISER

• IF CHEMICALS PREPARED IN FACTORIES ARE USED FOR PROVIDING NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP PLANTS.

• EG – SUPER PHOSPHATE, UREA, AMMONIUM SULPHATE, NPK( NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM

FERTILISER

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FRTILISER AND MANURE

MANURE FERTILISER

1. IT IS PREPARED IN FIELD 1. IT IS PREPARED IN FACTORY

2. IT IS CHEAP 2. IT IS COSTLY

3. IT IS DIFFICULT TO TRANSPORT 3. IT IS EASY TO TRANPORT

4. IT PROVIDES HUMUS 4. IT DOES NOT PROVIDE HUMUS

5. IT IS A CHEMICAL 5. IT IS A NATURAL PRODUCT

ADVANTAGES OF MANURE

1. IT INCRESES WATER HOLDING CAPACITY OF SOIL.

2. IT MAKES SOIL POROUS SO THAT GASEOUS EXCHANGE CAN TAKE PLACE.

3. IT INCREASES FRIENDLY MICROBES.4. IT IMPROVES TEXTURE OF SOIL

IRRIGATION

• THE TIME TO TIME WATERING OF CROP PLANTS IS CALLED IRRIGATION.

• SOURCES- TANK, RIVER, POND, LAKE, WELL, DAMS, TUBE WELLS,CANALS

TRADITIONAL METHODS OF IRRIGATION- MOAT

CHAIN PUMP

DHEKLI

MODERN METHODS- SPRINKLER

DRIP IRRIGATION

PROTECTION FROM WEEDS

• WEED- AN UNWANTED PLANT GROWING WITH THE CROP WHICH COMPETES WITH IT FOR SPACE, SUNLIGHT, NUTRIENTS AND WATER.

• IT CAN BE REMOVED BY HAND PLCKING ,A AKHURPI OR BY CHEMICALS WHICH KILL WEEDS(WEEDICIDE) SUCH AS 2,4-D

WEED

HARVESTING

• WHEN THE CROP IS MATURE AND READY THEN THE CUTTING IS CALLED HARVESTING

• THRESHING- WHEN THE GRAIN IS SEPARATED FROM CHAFF USING A COMBINE OR A HARVESTER.

• WINNOWING- WHEN WIND IS USED FOR SEPARATING SEEDS FROM CHAFF.

HARVESTER

HARVEST FESTIVALSBAISAKHI, HOLI, DIWALI, PONGAL,BIHU

WINNOWING

STORAGE

• STORAGE OF GRAINS IS DONE EITHER IN GODOWNS OR SILOS WHERE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IS CONTROLLED. GRAIN IS PROTECTED FROM RATS, INSECTS, BIRDS AND MICRO-ORGANISMS.

silos

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

• THE DOMESTICATION OR REARING OF ANIMALS FOR THE IR PRODUCTS WHICH INCLUDES REARING, FEEDNG, HEEDING AND BREEDING

• EG- DAIRYING, POULTRY, FISH CULTURE