crop protection crop protection management in brazil macadamia production - leonardo moriya

LEONARDO MORIYA

Agronomist

Queen Nut Macadamia

6th International Macadamia Symposium

Crop protection Management in Brazil Macadamia Production

TOPICS OF PRESENTATION

•ON FIELD RESULTS

•The “Vaversa farm case”

•The “Firma farm case”

• Insects that occur in Brazil

Key points for a good crop

Trees nutrition

Crop protection

Favorable climate

conditions

“VAVERSA CASE”

• 500 hectares

• 120.000 trees

• Average age of 25 years old

• Trees spacing of 8 x 5 m

• Staff of 90 people – 70 for harvesting

• Since 2008 they had a drastic drop on crop

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

To

ns

Years

VAVERSA CROPS

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

To

n/h

aYears

VAVERSA Productivity

NIS 10% Moisture

“FIRMA FARM CASE”

• 10.000 trees

• Spacing of 8 x 5

• 15 years old orchard

• Reasonable trees nutrition program

• Trees with not bad structure of vegetation and condition

• That lead to a good crop on the next years

• First action was to correct all the operations related to crop

protection

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2009 2010 2011 2012

To

ns

Years

FIRMA FARM CROPS

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

2009 2010 2011 2012

To

n/h

aYears

FIRMA FARM Productivity TON/ha

NIS 10% Moisture

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

To

ns

Years

QUEEN NUT CROPS

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

To

ns/h

aYears

QUEEN NUT Productivity

NIS 10% Moisture

GENERAL EVALUATION

“VAVERSA CASE”

• Bad nutrition program

• Wrong products sprayed for the wrong problems

• They didn’t know what the insects pests

• The sprayers was wrong regulated, also with

wrong nozzles

STRATEGIES SET UP

• Established a new nutrition program

- Based on leaf and soil analyses

• Established a insects pest monitoring and control

- Staff training

• Started a pruning program

• Set up a list of on field control papers

FOR PEST CONTROL AND LEAF NUTRITION

• Volume sprayed of 1.500 to 2.000 liters per hectare

• Application around 6 times from flower to shell hardening

• Application of micronutrients on raceme setting and nut set

- Zinc, Boron, Calcium, Magnesium and Copper

• Application of aminoacids plus micronutrients

AMINOACIDS

• Alanine

• Arginine

• Leucine

• Isoleucine

• Threonine

• Proline

• Lysine

• Tryptophan

Act directly on flower formation

and pollen fertilization

INSECTS

• What’s the damage and what’s the insects?

• Which moment they attack?

• How to control?

• Do they promote loss of productivity?

• Do they promote loss of quality?

BLACK APHID (Toxoptera citricida)

THRIPS

GREEN PLANTHOOPER (Empoasca sp.)

WHITE BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)

STINK BUGS (Nezara viridula, Loxa sp. and others)

LONG-TAILED MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus sp.)

NUT BORER (Ecdytolopha aurantiana)

SPRAYER

6th International Macadamia Symposium

LEONARDO MORIYA

Agronomist

leonardo@queennutmacadamia.com.br