crop water productivity in iran, n. riazi

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CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN IRAN 27-29 OCT 2015 Cairo Egypt

By : N. RIAZI (Soil & Water Senior Expert)

I.R. of Iran

Ministry Of Jahad-e Agricultural

Soil & Water Deputy

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SUBJECTS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION

2. NATURAL RESOURCES

3. WATER RESOURCES

4. COUNTRY LAND USE

5. YEARLY AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

6. AGRICULTURAL EXECUTED INFRASTRUCTUR

7. COUNTRY CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY

8. GOVERNMENT POLICY & PROGRAMS FOR INCREASING THE C.W.P

9. RESULTS

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1-GENERAL INFORMATION

• SITUATION : SOUTHEAST OF ASIA

• PUPOLATION :8O.8 MILLION-2014 (17th in the world)

• CAPITAL : TEHRAN

• AREA : 1,648,195 (SQ. KM)

• RELIGION : ISLAM)% 98 ) -OTHERS (%2)

• PRESIDENT : DR.ROUHANI

• MONEY UNIT : RIAL(1 USD=33000 RIALS)

• LANGUAGE : PERSIAN

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2-NATURAL RESOURCE

• CLIMATE

– ARID : % 60

– SEMI ARID : % 25

– HUMID : %15

• ANNUAL PRENCIPITATION : 250 mm/y

(RECENTLY DROUGT PERIOD : 230 ,, ,, )

• ANNUAL EVAPORATION : 2100 mm/y

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3-WATER RESOURCE

ANNUAL VOLUM B.C.M

RAINFALL 400

RENEWAL WATER 130

AVIABLE W. POTENTIAL 113

AVIABLE W. (CONSUMPTION)

92.2

8 REF. M.O.E (2010-2011)

ANNUAL WATER CONSUMPTION

SECTOR

CONSUMPTION

) B.C.M (

%

AGRICULTUR

81.7

88.6

DRINK & SANITATION

8.6

9.3

INDUSTRIES

1.9

2.1

TOTAL

92.2

100

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REF. M.O.E (2010-2011 )

ANNUAL AGRICULTURE WATER SUPPLY

TYPE RESOURCE VOLUM

B.C.M %

1-SURFACE WATER

STORAGE DAMS 12.825 15.7

Pump Station & DIRECT DISCHARG FROM RIVERS

1.425

1.7

2-UNDERGROUND WATER

WELLS 42.75 52.3

SPRINGS 17.1 21

QANATS 7.6 9.3

TOTAL - 81.7 100

10 REF. M.O.J.A (2010-2011)

REDUCTION TREND 0F

ANNUAL RENEWABLE WATER

VOLUM (B.C.M )

PERIOD

130 45 YEARS (1955-2000 )

122.5 45 Y. (1969-2013 )

115 15 Y. (1999-2013)

104 5 Y. (2008-2013 )

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REF. M.O.E (2014)

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4-COUNTRY LAND USE ROW LAND USE AREA

MILLION HA % DESCRIPTION

1 CULTIVATED LANDS 18.5 11.2 -

IRRIGATED L. 8.7 5.3 FALLOW (%7)

RAINFALL L. 9.8 5.9 FALLOW (%34)

2 FORESTS 12.4 7.5 -

3 PASTURES 90 54.6 RICH (%8)-MED.(%26) POOR (%66)

4 DESERTS 34 20.6 -

5 LAKES,MARSHES,URBAN,VILLAGE, INDUSTERIAL,……..ETC

10.1 6.1 -

T0TAL - 165 100 -

13 REF. WATERSHED RESEARCH INSTITUTE M.O.J.A (2008)

EXPANDABLE AGRICULTUE LAND

• AS MENTIONED, AT PRESENT CONDITION THE TOTAL LANDS UNDER CROPING CYCLE IS 18.5 MILLION HA. IT IS ABLE TO INCREASE TO 51

M.HA IF THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS ARE SOLVED:

– 1-WATER SCARCITY

– 2-SOIL SALINITY , ALCALINITY & LOW DEPTH

– 3-WATER LOGGING , GRAVEL , LOW FERTILITY

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5-YEARLY AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

ROW

SUB SECTOR

PRODUCTION MILLION TON

IRRIGATED LAND P.

MILLION TON

RATIO

%

1 AGRONOMI 77.3 70.5 91.2

2 HORTICULTUR 17.1 15.6 91.2

3 LIVESTOCK & POULTRY 14.3 - -

4 FISHERY 0.74 - -

5 NATURAL RESOURCES 0.62 - -

TOTAL - 110.06 86.1 -

15 REF. E. & P. DEPUTY OF M.O.J .A.(2010-2O11)

KINDS OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

1. AGRONOMY (6.7 M.HA)

1. CEREAL-%57(RICE,WHEAT,BARLEY,….

2. OTHERS-%43(VEGETABLE,BEET,MAIZE,SUGAR-BEEN,OIL SEED, FORAGE,…….)

2. HURTICULTURE (2 M.HA )

1. FRUIT (APPLE,PEAR,PEACH,CHERRY,APRICOT,

1. ALMOND,DATE,POMEGRANATE,GRAPE,OLIVE,CITRUS,…….)

2. FLOWER(ROSE,CARNATION,TULIP,NARCISSUS,…)

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6-AGRICULTURE EXECUTED INFRASTRUCTUR

ROW TYPE IRRIGATED LAND MILLION HA

SECTOR

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DAMS( STORAGE& DIVERSION( 3.2 M.O.E

1-1-MAIN IRR. & DRA. NETWORK 2.2 M.O.E

1-2-TRIBUTARY IRR. & DRA. NET. 1.1 M.O.J.A

1-3-ON FARM DEVELOPMENT 0.82 M.O.J.A

1-4-SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE 0.22 M.O.J.A

2 PRESSURED IRRIGATION (SPRINKLE, TRICKLE &MECHANIZATION SYS.)

1.45 M.O.J.A

3 PUBLIC WATER CONVEYANCE CHANNEL

1 M.O.J.A

4 DREDGING &REPAIR FOR QANAT 0.72 M.O.J.A

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7-IRAN CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY

1. DEFINITION -The term water productivity is used exclusively to

denote the amount or value of product over volume or value of water that is consumed.

2. COMBINATION - Productivity = Effectiveness + Efficiency

3. SPECIFICATION -The meaning of productivity is very simple & clear

BUT its calculation, especially in agriculture water , is very hard & difficult.

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Water productivity Calculation

1. Amount

Physical water Productivity =

The amount of produced crops (Kg)

Water used (m3)

2. Value

Economic water Productivity =

Gross profit of the produced crops (Rls)

Water used (m3)

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PhYSICAL C.W.P.

1. As mentioned data about annual amount agriculture production & annul volume of water consumption, c.w.p. is :

C.W.P. = 86.1(M.T) / 81.7(B.C.M) =1.05 Kg/cub m

2. Increasing c.w.p. in agriculture is very important

For Government, thus it aims to increase it to 1.5

Kg/cub m by the end of 6th 5-year Country Development

Plan at 2021.

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8-GOVERNMENT POLICY & PROGRAMS FOR INCREASING C.W.P.

1. Integrated soil &water management (policy(

1-Aims :a -Increasing c.w.p. and agriculture production ,

Food security ,enough water supply for other sectors

b-Conservation of environment

c-increasing employment(job creation)

d- increasing people’s satisfaction

2- Structure: next slide

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High Water Council

President

M.O.E.

Deputies

Provinces

M.O.J.A. M.O.I. D.O.E. M.O.T,M,I M.O.F

M.P.O

2 - Structure

Conti….

3-Documents :Iran has 6 main & 30 sub-main catchments. Fortunately investigation, executive and development plan document for start ((integrated natural resource management)) is provided and approved by M.O.E. at 2012.

The primary coordination sessions with all stakeholders for water allocation was held in

some provinces in 2015.

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Conti….. 2-Ground water resource balance & revival plan (15 projects ) :

1)Drilling & mobilizeing5200 Piezometric wells in country plains. 2)Installation 20900 case equipment of measurement on water resources

Piezometer & exploratory wells. 3)Preparation balance & data bank at 609 study zone area (on line). 4)Zoning & survey risk of land subsidence at 609 study areas. 5) Creation& establishment of1200 local water market in country. 6)Creation of 1200 water user associations & supporting them by

technical & financial services . 7) Updating National Water Document at 609 study areas. 8)Purchasing low yield agricultural wells for ground water resource

balance. 9)Organizing drilling companies & installation of 1300 GPS devices on

drilling machines.

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Conti….. 10) Replacement of waste water instead of water from agricultural wells

in prohibited plains.

11)Reinforcement & establishment of 600 patrol & inspection groups across the country.

12)Preparation & installation of 360,000 water smart volumetric flow meters, informing people about the monitoring & controlling system for water discharge from the agricultural wells..

13)Closing illegal wells.

14) Execution of 400 artificial aquifer feeding & flood distribution project at prohibited plains.

15)Survey & execution of watershed projects.

NOTE: M.O.J.A. Projects are rows 6, 7 &15 and others

belong to M.O.E.

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RESULTS

1. With attention to climate status of IRAN during its 3000 years of history, has always been compatible

With water scarcity.

2. Increasing C.W.P. is necessary for compatibility with drought & addition crop.

3. More than 50 parameters are effective at farming production , and for high C.W.P. all of

them must be in suitable conditions, thus C.W.P. calculation is very hard.

4. For high C.W.P. both structural & non-structural measures must be applied together.

5. In arid &semi-arid countries yearly renewal water is continuously reduced.

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Conti…

6. For addition of C.W.P. (integrated soil & water management) is best and is a very difficult

policy. Because stakeholders’ sectoral benefits should be replaced with national benefits.

7. I.S.W.M. in Iran (preparation of development plan in 30 sub-catchment at 2011) has started in 2014.

8. Development of technical & financial collaboration between NENA countries (exchange experiences , skills, new technologies and knowledge) can be reduce water scarcity crisis effects & also increase C.W.P.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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