culture lag
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Introduction to CultureIntroduction to Culture
PK Chandio
B.ScN, DNAM, M.A
G.A Panhwar
BScN, DCHN
Lecture 4
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Cultural LagCultural Lag
When some parts of culture change,
and other parts do not. Material
culture often changes first.
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Cultural LagCultural Lag
Technology, science, and economics are the
engines that drive our society, non material
culture or our ideas lag behind.
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Cultural LagCultural Lag
Example: The public school system, most
are on a 9 month term, this is from the early
19th century, and has not immovable upwith new patterns of work, and living.
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Technological DeterminismTechnological Determinism
The view that technology is the new
determinate of our culture, that
technology has life of its own,
forcing humans to follow its lead.
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Cultural diffusion/assimilationCultural diffusion/assimilation
Groups that adapt part of other
peoples way of life, continue open to
changes. This occurs via increased
contact with others: travel &
communication
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Cultural LevelingCultural Leveling
The process by which cultures
become like, through
industrialization, technology, free
activity
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Cultural levelingCultural leveling
Western culture: Radio cabin, Coca Cola,
music, clothes
The absorption of Western culture into theworld via globalization
finally, everyplace starts to look like every
other place.
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ValuesValues
Values determine for us what is desirable in
our life;
If we learn other peoples values we learnabout other people;
Values motivate our favorite, our choices,
indicate what we think as valuable in oursociety.
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ValuesValues
Values are general rules for behavior and
perceptions we hold in a society.
Norms develop out of our values. Norms are the expectations, rules of
particular behaviors which come out of our
everyday life.
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ValuesValues
Norms are particular ways that we act, and
arranged behavior and rules governing our
everyday life. With Norms come authorize, rewards,
punishments - you receive approval or
disapproval for keeping or abuse norms.
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NormsNorms
Positive and negative sanctions, rewards, or
punishments occur that are social penalty if
we stay or violate a norm. Rewards are smiles, clap, prize, trophy,
money; negative sanctions or punishments
are look angrily, watch, social limits, advisewords
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NormsNorms
Regulation of appearance and behavior
Define and maintain boundaries
Norms support cultural values.
Desirable behavior is attached to an actual
expectation with social penalty.
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NormsNorms
There are norms that govern us in everyday
life.
How do you act at different place? Greetingsomeone?
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Types of NormsTypes of Norms
Folkways: These are norms that are not strictly
enforced, we expect people to comply, but if they
dont we dont make a big deal about it.
Situational: Walking on one side of the sidewalk,
going up and down step, elevator behavior
Customs, habits, commonly accepted practices
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Types of NormsTypes of Norms
Folkways: Usually involve minor issue:
table manners, accepting your place in line
rather than cutting to the lead, wearingappropriate clothing.
Few restrictions, and moderate sanctions.
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Types of NormsTypes of Norms
Mores: Means manners in society.
Mores are norms that are essential to social
Values, close to legalistic. Attitudes from the past, adapted, very little
variation allowed
Duties, responsibility, common to culturalethics
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Types of NormsTypes of Norms
Mores: The fundamental ideas about what
is right/wrong, moral and immoral.
Important because they involve moralvision based on social unity, continuity, and
community in human life.
Mores finally become LAWS. Part of social life, not changing.
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MoresMores
Strict enforcement, and make your mind up
on conformity, we learn through
socialization via our institutions in society. Examples: arranged gender roles;
Americans eat beef, not horse, dog, cat; you
do not expose your genitals in public
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MoresMores
Part of moral behavior which includes the
following:
Not in self interest Command/obligation to do right
Desirable, satisfactory
Approve authority
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TabooTaboo
A cultural or religious custom that does not allow
people to do, use or talk about a particular thing as
people find it hateful or uncomfortable
Death is one of the great taboos in our culture.
Taboo is a norm so strongly fixed that to violate it
creates hate, dislike, shock - the thought of it
makes people sick: Eating human flesh - Incest - Sex issues
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LawLaw
Laws are norms with strict and formal
sanctions, punishments - to violate a law is to
violate society itself. Enforcement is reserved for those in
positions of authority.
Formal legal codes are necessary to managerelationships in interdependent, self
interested, specific societies.
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LawsLaws
Criminal law has to do with formal, clear
definitions, specialization, and enforcement.
Prohibits behaviors such as murder, fraud,damage holy objects or places.
Civil law has to do with social relations,
argument, compensation, loss throughcarelessness - example family law.
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LawsLaws
All societies have some form of law the
prohibit certain behaviors.
Law comes from mores. Most societies have similar laws and mores, but
the rule of sociology is:
One cultures mores are another groupsfolkways, and another groups laws!
(cultural and ethical relativism)
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