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CurrentAffairsWebinar
23-08-17to29-08-17
1. India’sExclusiveRightstoExplorePolymetallicNodulesExtended
India’sexclusiverightstoexplorepolymetallicnodulesfromseabedinCentralIndianOceanBasin(CIOB)havebeenextendedbyfiveyears.Thishasbeenapprovedunanimouslyinthe23rdsessionofInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)concludedrecentlyatKingston,Jamaica.
Keyfacts:§ Therightsextendedareover75000sq.kmofareaininternationalwatersallocatedby
InternationalSeabedAuthorityfordevelopmentalactivitiesforpolymetallicnodules.§ Theestimatedpolymetallicnoduleresourcepotentialinthisregionis380million
tonnes,containing4.7milliontonnesofnickel,4.29milliontonnesofcopperand0.55milliontonnesofcobaltand92.59milliontonnesofmanganese.
WhatarePolymetallicnodules?
§ Polymetallicnodules(alsoknownasmanganesenodules)arepotato-shaped,largelyporousnodulesfoundinabundancecarpetingtheseafloorofworldoceansindeepsea.
§ Besidesmanganeseandiron,theycontainnickel,copper,cobalt,lead,molybdenum,cadmium,vanadium,titanium,ofwhichnickel,cobaltandcopperareconsideredtobeofeconomicandstrategicimportance.
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Occurrence:
§ PenrhynBasinnearwithintheCookIslands.§ NorthcentralPacificOceaninaregioncalledtheClarionClippertonZone(CCZ)
roughlymidwaybetweenHawaiiandClippertonIslands§ PeruBasininthesoutheastPacific,and§ SoutherntropicalIndianOceaninaregiontermedtheIndianOceanNoduleField
(IONF)roughly500kmSEofDiegoGarciaIsland
§ ThelargestofthesedepositsintermsofnoduleabundanceandmetalconcentrationoccurintheClarionClippertonZoneonvastabyssalplainsinthedeepoceanbetween4,000and6,000m(13,000and20,000ft).
§ AllofthesedepositsareininternationalwatersapartfromthePenrhynBasin,whichlieswithintheexclusiveeconomiczoneoftheCookIslands.
Background:
§ Indiaisthefirstcountrytohavereceivedthestatusofapioneerinvestorin1987
andwasallocatedanexclusiveareainCentralIndianOceanBasinbyUnitedNations(UN)forexplorationandutilizationofnodules.
§ Indiaisoneamongthetop8-countries/contractorsandisimplementingalong–termprogrammeonexplorationandutilizationofPolymetallicNodulesthroughMinistryofEarthSciences.Thisincludessurveyandexploration,environmentalstudies,technologydevelopmentinminingandextractivemetallurgy,inwhichsignificantcontributionshavebeenmade.
AboutISA:
§ InternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)isaUNorganization(Observerstatus)
establishedbytheLawoftheSeaConvention(UNCLOS)toregulatetheexplorationandexploitationofmarinenon-livingresourcesofoceansininternationalwaters.
§ ItisanintergovernmentalbodybasedinKingston,Jamaicaanditseekstoorganize,regulateandcontrolallmineral-relatedactivitiesintheinternationalseabedareabeyondthelimitsofnationaljurisdiction
§ IndiaactivelycontributestotheworkofInternationalSeabedAuthority.Lastyear,Indiawasre-electedasamemberofCouncilofISA.
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2. Cloud-seedingprojectofKarnatakatakesoff
Karnatakahaslaunchedthemuch-toutedcloudseedingproject-namedVarshadhare.
HowdoesCloudSeedingwork?Cloud-seedingisatechniqueemployedtoincreaseprecipitationinclouds.Expertssayprecipitationincloudshasbeenaffectedrecentlyduetoincreaseinparticulatematterintheatmosphere,amongotherfactors.§ Cloud-seedingaimsatcatalysingtheprocessofprecipitation,sothatrainfallcouldbe
increasedby15-20%indrought-affectedareasoftheState§ Amongtheproblemsforsuccessfulprecipitationinrain-bearingcloudsarethatwater
dropletsformedinthecloudsaremuchsmaller.Dropletsformedinthecloudsareblownawayinthewindevenbeforetheyhavethetimetoreachearth.Moreover,smalldropletsdonothavetheenergytocollideandformlargedropletsthatcancomedownasrain.
§ ByintroducingimpuritiessuchasSilverIodide,PotassiumChlorideandothers,theobjectiveistoensurethatthesizeofthedropletsislargeenoughtofalldownasrain.
3. RebootingIndia-Nepalties
Context
• Indian interventionism inNepal havingbackfired, the visit ofNepal’snewlyanointedPrimeMinister,SherBahadurDeubaisanopportunitytoraisethelevelofbilateralties.
• India’s interest is to secure its ownneighbourhood and that can only be achieved byletting national politics and governance of the smaller neighbours evolve withoutinterference.
India’sNepalpolicy
• India played a valuable role in ending theMaoist insurgency in 2006, but the periodthereafterwasmarkedbyescalatingmicro-meddlinginNepal’sinternalaffairs.
• All mainstream political parties in Nepal raised question on India’s commitment tofacilitatingtheprocessofwritinganewconstitutioninNepal,despitethefactthatIndiahadplayedacrucialroleinensuringthesuccessofNepal’sdemocracymovement
• InConstitution-writing, therewereattempts todefine thenewprovincialboundariesaccordingtoIndiandictates
• IndiahasraiseditsreservationovernewlypassedNepaliconstitutionandcriticiseditfornotaddressingconcernsofMadhesisandothermarginalisedsection.
• The presence of India’s heavy hand contributed to the distortion of consensualgovernanceneededintransitionaltimes.
• India‘noted’ratherthanwelcomedtheConstitution.
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• AsocietytryingtoemergefromtheApril2015GreatEarthquakewasslappedwiththepunitiveGreatBlockade
• While keeping silent for years on Nepal’s post-conflict transitional justice process, in2015India’srepresentativeinGenevautilisedtheforumoftheHumanRightsCounciltoinfluencegovernmentchangeinKathmandu.
• IndianinterlocutorspushedtheNepaliCongresstorenegeonitspromisetocontinueincoalitionwiththemainstreamleftCommunistPartyofNepal(UnifiedMarxist-Leninist)
• IndianstrategistsareseekingwaystogetKathmandutoallowtheconstructionofhighdamsanddeepreservoirsonNepal’srivers—forfloodcontrol,navigation,urbanuseandirrigationinBiharandUttarPradesh.
• NewDelhimadedeep inroads intoNepal’spoliticalclass,but it reliesprimarilyontheMadhesiparties
• TheGreatBlockadeforcedtheKathmandutoreachouttoBeijingandsignaslewoftrade,transitandinfrastructuralagreementswithit.
• NepalistodaybetterconnectedbyairtoChinesecitiesthantoIndia.
Matterspending:
• NepalandIndiahavetoconcentrateonthenumerousmattersthatneedconcentrationandresolution
• Openborder-WhileitisNepal’sLeftthathastraditionallydemandedrestrictionsontheborder,thecallnowrisesfromtheIndiansecurityestablishment.
• MassivefloodsinNepalplainshavealsoaffecteddownstreamareasacrosstheborder.A permanent bilateral mechanism is required to save the plains population of Nepalfromsufferingo The Kosi Barrageand attendant embankments have the possibility of wreaking
havocbecausesiltationofsixdecadeshasraisedtheriverbedwithintheleveesfarabovetheoutlyingtracts
o TheeasyanswerfortheIndiaistodemandahighdaminthehillsofNepalevenasalternatives are not studied, such as redistribution of waters into various olderchannelsoftheKosiinBihar.
• TherightsofmigrantIndianlabourinNepalandNepali labourinIndia isatopicthatrarelycomesup
• Borderdisputespendingbetweenthetwocountries—atSusta,Kalapaniandthe‘tri-junction’ofLipulekh
• NepalhasplannedtosellelectricitytoIndiaonceithasahydropowersurplus.• ButIndiangovernmentdirectivethatitwillnotallowimportofelectricityotherthan
frompowercompanieswithmorethan51%Indianequity.• Thearbitraryblockagesandgo-slowatIndianCustomsatborderpoints,theselective
use of quarantine for the export of Nepali agricultural produce, the increasing high-handednessoftheSashastraSeemaBalindealingwithNepaliscrossingover.
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4. FinancialStabilityandDevelopmentCouncil(FSDC)
The17thMeetingoftheFinancialStabilityandDevelopmentCouncil(FSDC)wasrecentlyheldinNewDelhiundertheChairmanshipoftheUnionMinisterofFinance,ShriArunJaitley.§ TheCouncildiscussedtheissuesandchallengesfacingtheIndianeconomyand
Membersagreedontheneedtokeepconstantvigilandbeinastateofpreparednessofmanaginganyexternalandinternalvulnerabilities
§ FSDCtooknoteofthedevelopmentsandprogressmadeinsettingupofComputerEmergencyResponseTeamintheFinancialSector(CERT-Fin)andFinancialDataManagementCentreanddiscussedmeasuresfortimeboundimplementationoftheinstitutionbuildinginitiative.
StructureandMandate:
§ FSDCisanapex-levelbodyconstitutedbythegovernmentofIndiatofunctionasasuper-regulatorybodyinthefinancialsector
§ FSDCisnotastatutorybody§ Theglobaleconomicmeltdownof2009putpressureongovernmentsand
institutionsacrosstheglobetoregulatetheireconomicassets.ThiscouncilisseenasIndia'sinitiativetobebetterconditionedtopreventsuchincidentsinfuture.
§ Itsaimistostrengthenandmaintainfinancialstabilitywithoutdilutingtheautonomyofindividualregulators.
CompositionoftheCouncil:
Chairperson:TheUnionFinanceMinisterofIndia
Members:
§ GovernorofReserveBankofIndia(Vice-ChairpersonofFSDC)§ FinanceSecretaryand/orSecretary,DepartmentofEconomicAffairs(DEA),§ Secretary,DepartmentofFinancialServices(DFS),§ ChiefEconomicAdvisor,MinistryofFinance,§ Chairman,SecuritiesandExchangeBoardofIndia(SEBI),§ Chairman,InsuranceRegulatoryandDevelopmentAuthority(IRDA),§ Chairman,PensionFundRegulatoryandDevelopmentAuthority(PFRDA),§ Chairman,ForwardMarketsCommission(FMC),
RecentlyForwardMarketsCommission(FMC)hasbeenmergedintoSEBI.Responsibilities:
§ EnsureFinancialStability§ EncourageFinancialSectorDevelopment§ Inter-RegulatoryCoordination§ FinancialLiteracy
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§ FinancialInclusion§ Macroprudentialsupervisionoftheeconomyincludingthefunctioningoflarge
financialconglomerates§ CoordinatingIndia'sinternationalinterfacewithfinancialsectorbodieslike
theFinancialActionTaskForce(FATF),FinancialStabilityBoard(FSB)andanysuchbodyasmaybedecidedbytheFinanceMinisterfromtimetotime.
5. NITIAayogtolaunch“MentorIndia”Campaign
NITI Aayog is all set to launch the Mentor India Campaign,a strategic nation buildinginitiative to engage leaderswho can guide andmentor students atmore than 900AtalTinkeringLabs,establishedacrossthecountryasapartoftheAtalInnovationMission.
AboutMentorIndiacampaign:
§ MentorIndiaisaimedatmaximizingtheimpactofAtalTinkeringLabs,possiblythebiggestdisruptioninformaleducationglobally.
§ The idea is to engage leaders who will nurture and guide students in the AtalTinkering Labs. These labs are non-prescriptive by nature, and mentors areexpectedtobeenablersratherthaninstructors.
§ NITI Aayog is looking for leaders who can spend anywhere between one to twohourseveryweekinoneormoresuchlabstoenablestudentsexperience,learnandpracticefutureskillssuchasdesignandcomputationalthinking.
Background:
§ NITIAayog’sAtalInnovationMissionisamongoneoftheflagshipprogramsoftheGovernmentof India topromote innovationandentrepreneurship in thecountrytosetuptheAtalTinkeringLabsacrossthecountry.
§ TheMissionhas/isintheprocessofsettingup900+labsacrossIndiaandaimstohave2,000suchlabsbyendof2017.
§ Atal Tinkering Labsare dedicatedworks spaceswhere students fromClass 6th toClass 12th learn innovation skills and develop ideas thatwill go on to transformIndia.
§ Thelabsarepoweredtoacquaintstudentswithstate-of-the-artequipmentsuchas3Dprinters,robotics&electronicsdevelopmenttools,Internetofthings&sensorsetc.
§ Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) including Self-Employment and Talent Utilization(SETU)isGovernmentofIndia’sendeavourtopromoteacultureofinnovationandentrepreneurship.
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§ Itsobjectiveistoserveasaplatformforpromotionofworld-classInnovationHubs,Grand Challenges, Start-up businesses and other self-employment activities,particularlyintechnologydrivenareas.
6. N.Bhupathi,afrogwiththefaceofapig
Innews:
Nasikabatrachusbhupathi,afrogwiththefaceofapig
• Indian scientistshavediscoveredanewspeciesof frog thathasa snout-shapednose,justlikeapig’s.
• The soil-dwelling species, discovered by scientists from the Centre for Cellular andMolecular Biology (CCMB) in Hyderabad, has been named after the IndianherpetologistBhupathi.
• Location:The purple frog inhabits the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, neartheSrivilliputhurGrizzledGiantSquirrelWildlifeSanctuaryinTamilNadu.
EvidenceinfavourofContinentalDriftTheory:
• Thediscoveryissignificantasitconstitutesadditionalevidenceinfavourofthetheoryofcontinentaldrift.
• ThePurplefrogisan inhabitantofSeychelles,andthediscoveryofBhupathi’spurplefrog in Indiasuggeststhatthe Indiansubcontinentwaspartoftheancient landmassofGondwanabeforesplittingfromSeychelles65millionyearsago.
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7. CommissiontoexaminetheSub-CategorizationwithinOBCs
TheUnionCabinethasapprovedaproposalforsettingupofaCommissionunderArticle340oftheConstitutiontoexaminetheissueofsub-categorizationoftheOtherBackwardClasses(OBCs).§ TheCommissionshallsubmititsreportwithin12weeksfromthedateofappointment
oftheChairpersonoftheCommission.TheCommissionshallbeknownastheCommissiontoexaminethesub-categorizationofOtherBackwardClasses.
TermsofreferencesoftheCommissionareasfollows:§ Toexaminetheextentofinequitabledistributionofbenefitsofreservationamong
thecastes/communitiesincludedinthebroadcategoryofOBCs,withreferencetotheOBCsincludedintheCentrallist.
§ Toworkoutthemechanism,criteria,normsandparameters,inascientificapproach,forsub-categorizationwithinsuchOBCs.
§ Totakeuptheexerciseofidentifyingtherespectivecastes/communities/sub-castes/synonymsintheCentralListofOBCsandclassifyingthemintotheirrespectivesub-categories.
Issub-categorisationconstitutional?
§ TheSupremeCourtinitsorderinIndraSawhneyandothersvs.UnionofIndiaobservedthatthereisnoconstitutionalorlegalbartoaStatecategorizingbackwardclassesasbackwardormorebackwardandhadfurtherobservedthatifaStatechoosestodoit(sub-categorization),itisnotimpermissibleinlaw.
Creamylayercapenhanced:
• Increased the “creamy layer” ceilingfor the Other Backward Classes to ₹8 lakh perannumfromtheexisting₹6lakhforCentralgovernmentjobs.
PresentstatusofOBCreservations?
§ Atpresent,thereisasingleCentralOBClist,withentriesfromeachState.Peoplebelongingtoallofthesecastescanseekreservationfromwithinthesingle27%OBCreservationpieforCentralgovernmentjobsandCentraleducationalinstitutions.
§ NineStates,however,havealreadysub-categorisedOBCs.TheseareAndhraPradesh,Telangana,Puducherry,Karnataka,Haryana,Jharkhand,WestBengal,Bihar,MaharashtraandTamilNadu.
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§ OBCreservationbecamearealityaftertheimplementationoftheMandalCommissionreport,whichcategorisedmanycastesasconstitutingbackwardclassesanddeservingofquotas.Newcasteshavebeenaddedtothelistovertheyears.
OtherFacts:
• TheScheduledCasteshavea15%quotaandtheScheduledTribeshave5%quota.• Stateshavingsub-categorization:AndhraPradesh,Telangana,Puducherry,Karnataka,
Haryana,Jharkhand,WestBengal,Bihar,MaharashtraandTamilNadu.§
Whatarethepoliticalandsocialimplicationsofthemove?
§ Politically,thiscanbeseenasanattemptbythegovernmenttoreachouttothemostbackwardcastesamongtheOBCs.Atpresent,manyfeelthatthemoreadvancedOBCcastescornerthelion’sshareofthebenefitsandhavebecomeinfluential.
§ NotonlywillsuchamoveoffermoreopportunitiestothemostbackwardcastesamongtheOBCsbutalsogivethegovernmentandtherulingpartyanopportunitytocarveoutanewpoliticalconstituency.
8. SaudijobschemefavouringlocalstohitIndianshard
Nitaqat(orSaudisation)Scheme
§ Saudisation of the workforce—the replacement of foreign workers with Saudinationalsintheprivatesector—istheofficialnationalpolicyoftheKingdomofSaudiArabia.
§ ThisnewrevisedschemeisablowtoIndianmigrants.§ TheNitaqatsystemwasfirst introduced inmid-2011 toencourageemploymentof
Saudinationals.§ Employers are divided into four categories, Platinum, Green (with three sub
categories of high, medium and low), Yellow and Red. Those in Platinum have ahigherproportionofSaudinationalsasemployees
Newrevisedrulesanditsimpact
§ FromSeptember2017,onlyahandfuloforganisationswithhighgrades(‘Platinum’and ‘HighGreen’ categories)—based on number of Saudi nationals employed bythem and other criteria—will be able to apply for new block visas formigrantemployees.
§ Construction and hospitality, sectors which falls under low category have apredominantlybluecollarIndianworkforce,areunlikelytogainfromsuchrules.
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§ Workers already employed in companies falling in low categories cannot betransferredfromoneemployertoanother.
§ KeyFact:In2016,therewerenearly25lakhIndiansworkinginSaudiArabia
9. NewCentralSectorScheme–“PradhanMantriKisanSampadaYojana”
TheCabinetCommitteeonEconomicAffairs,chairedbythePrimeMinisterShriNarendraModi,hasapprovedtherenamingofthenewCentralSectorScheme–SAMPADA(SchemeforAgro-MarineProcessingandDevelopmentofAgro-ProcessingClusters)as“PradhanMantriKisanSampadaYojana(PMKSY)“fortheperiodof2016-20coterminouswiththe14thFinanceCommissioncycle.
Objective:TheobjectiveofPMKSYistosupplementagriculture,modernizeprocessinganddecreaseAgri-Waste.
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FinancialAllocation:
PMKSYwithanallocationofRs.6,000croreisexpectedtoleverageinvestmentofRs.31,400crore,handlingof334lakhMTagro-producevaluingRs.1,04,125crore,benefit20lakhfarmersandgenerate5,30,500direct/indirectemploymentinthecountrybytheyear2019-20.
Impacts:§ TheimplementationofPMKSYwillresultincreationofmoderninfrastructurewith
efficientsupplychainmanagementfromfarmgatetoretailoutlet.§ Itwillprovideabigboosttothegrowthoffoodprocessingsectorinthecountry.§ Itwillhelpinprovidingbetterpricestofarmersandisabigsteptowardsdoublingof
farmers’income.§ Itwillcreatehugeemploymentopportunitiesespeciallyintheruralareas.§ Itwillalsohelpinreducingwastageofagriculturalproduce,increasingtheprocessing
level,availabilityofsafeandconvenientprocessedfoodsataffordablepricetoconsumersandenhancingtheexportoftheprocessedfoods.
Background:PMKSYisanumbrellaschemeincorporatingongoingschemesandaswellasfewnewschemesoftheMinistry-
Ø MegaFoodParks,Ø IntegratedColdChainandValueAdditionInfrastructure,Ø FoodSafetyandQualityAssuranceInfrastructure,Ø InfrastructureforAgro-processingClusters,Ø CreationofBackwardandForwardLinkages,Ø Creation/ExpansionofFoodProcessing&PreservationCapacities.
10. Mossservesasacheappollutionmonitor
AsperthelatestresearchbyscientistsfromJapan,delicatemossesfoundonrocksandtreesincitiesaroundtheworldcanbeusedtomeasuretheimpactofatmosphericchangeandcouldprovealow-costwaytomonitorurbanpollution.§ Researchersfoundthatmoss-the“bioindicator”-respondstopollutionordrought-
stressbychangingshape,densityordisappearing,allowingscientiststocalculateatmosphericalterations.
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Importanceofthesefindings:§ Mossesareacommonplantinallcitiessothismethodcanbeusedinmanycountries.
Theyhaveabigpotentialtobebioindicators.§ Mosses–whichgenerallyabsorbwaterandnutrientsfromtheirimmediate
environments–areoftencheapertousethanothermethodsofenvironmentalevaluation,andcanalsoreflectchangestoecosystems.
AboutMosses:
§ Mossesaresmallflowerlessplantsthattypicallygrowindensegreenclumpsormats,oftenindamporshadylocations.
§ Theindividualplantsareusuallycomposedofsimpleleavesthataregenerallyonlyonecellthick,attachedtoastemthatmaybebranchedorunbranchedandhasonlyalimitedroleinconductingwaterandnutrients.
§ Althoughsomespecieshaveconductingtissues,thesearegenerallypoorlydevelopedandstructurallydifferentfromsimilartissuefoundinvascularplants.
§ Mossesdonothaveseedsandafterfertilisationdevelopsporophyteswithunbranchedstalkstoppedwithsinglecapsulescontainingspores.
11. Microsoftlaunches‘ProjectBrainwave’forreal-timeAI
SoftwaregiantMicrosofthasannounceditsProjectBrainwavedeeplearningaccelerationplatformforreal-timeartificialintelligence(AI).
Keyfacts:§ The‘ProjectBrainwave’usesthemassivefield-programmablegatearray(FPGA)
infrastructurethatMicrosofthasbeendeployingoverthepastfewyears.§ Withthehelpofultra-lowlatency,thesystemprocessesrequestsasfastasitreceives
them.§ Thesystemarchitecturereduceslatency,sincetheCPUdoesnotneedtoprocess
incomingrequests,andallowsveryhighthroughput,withtheFPGAprocessingrequestsasfastasthenetworkcanstreamthem.
§ Thesystemhasbeenarchitectedtoyieldhighactualperformanceacrossawiderangeofcomplexmodels,withbatch-freeexecution.
Background:Real-timeAIisbecomingincreasinglyimportantascloudinfrastructuresprocesslivedatastreams,whethertheybesearchqueries,videos,sensorstreams,orinteractionswithusers.
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12. OceanforecastingsystemforMadagascarandMozambique
Innews:
§ TheIndianNationalCentreforOceanInformationServices(INCOIS)oftheMinistryof Earth Scienceshas inaugurated theOcean Forecasting SystemforComoros,Madagascar,andMozambique
§ Itwas done at the thirdMinisterialMeeting of Regional IntegratedMulti-HazardEarlyWarningSystemforAsiaandAfrica(RIMES)
§ ThemeetingwasheldatPortMoresby,PapuaNewGuinea§ TheMinisterialcouncilandtheWMOlaudedandplacedonrecordtheinitiativesof
INCOIS/India in providing the ocean forecast and early warning services to theIndianOceancountries
Sharingthebenefits:
§ Theoceanforecastandearlywarming informationonhighwave,currents,winds,tides,sub-surfaceoceanconditionscatertouserslike
o Fishermen,o Coastalpopulation,o Tourismsector,o Coastaldefenseofficials,o Marinepolice,o Portauthorities,o Researchinstitutionsandoffshoreindustriesofthesecountries
§ Thesystemwouldofferoilspilladvisoryservices,highwavealerts,portwarnings,forecastalongtheshiproutesinadditiontotsunamiandstormsurgewarningsandhelpinsearchandrescueoperations.
AboutRIMES:
§ TheRegionalIntegratedMulti-HazardEarlyWarningSystemforAfricaandAsia(RIMES)isaninternationalandintergovernmentalinstitution,ownedandmanagedbyitsMemberStates,forthegenerationandapplicationofearlywarninginformation.
§ RIMESprovidesregionalearlywarningservicesandbuildscapacityofitsMemberStatesintheend-to-endearlywarningoftsunamiandhydro-meteorologicalhazards.
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13. NuakhaiJuhar
§ NuakhaiJuharwascelebratedacrossOdishaonAugust26th
§ Nuakhai isthechieffestivalofWesternOdisha. It istheharvestfestivalofOdishawhereinfarmersareinpossessionofnewriceoftheseason.
§ TheyofferthefirstproduceoftheirrespectivelandstoGoddessSamaleswariandthenconsumeitpersonally.It isoneofthemajorfestivalscelebratedwidelyinthestate.
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