cyclopedia of architecture carpentry & building vol viii
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8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cyclopedia-of-architecture-carpentry-building-vol-viii 1/421
8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cyclopedia-of-architecture-carpentry-building-vol-viii 2/421
8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cyclopedia-of-architecture-carpentry-building-vol-viii 3/421
8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cyclopedia-of-architecture-carpentry-building-vol-viii 4/421
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8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cyclopedia-of-architecture-carpentry-building-vol-viii 5/421
8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cyclopedia-of-architecture-carpentry-building-vol-viii 6/421
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8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
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8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
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_ `ol |ah mogsh`whl wm{h `ol gnjubhqm|} nf cxmblmodw"
a`w gsh`|hl |ah ohghwwm|}fns `o
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v`smh|}nf gnsshb`|hl bmohw/ \ah G}gbnuhlm` nf @sgam|hg|xsh"
G`suho|s}"`ol Cxmblmod mw lhwmdohl
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ushwho|tnsi |ah jnw| gnjushahowmvh `ol `x|ansm|`|mvh no |ah
wxckhg| nf Cxmblmod `ol m|w `bbmhl molxw|smhw/ \ah `mj a`w chho"
onm jhshb} |n gsh`|h ` tnsi tamga tmbb `uuh`b |n |ah |s`mohl
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hquhs|" cx| noh |a`| tmbb gnjjhol m|whbf `bwn |n |ahchdmoohs
`ol |ah whbf*|`xda|" us`g|mg`bj`o c} dmvmod
amj `tnsimod
iontbhldh
nf |ah
usmogmubhw
`ol jh|anlw" on|
nob}
nf amw nto
u`s|mgxb`s |s`lh" cx| nf `bb n|ahs cs`ogahw nf |ah Cxmblmod Molxw*
|s}`w thbb/ \ah v`smnxw whg|mnow a`vh chho ushu`shl hwuhgm`bb}
fns anjh w|xl}"h`ga tsm||ho c} `o `giontbhldhl `x|ansm|} no
|ah wxckhg|/\ah `ss`odhjho| nf j`||hs mw wxga `w |n
g`ss} |ah
w|xlho| fnst`sl c} h`w} w|`dhw/Whsmhw nf shvmht pxhw|mnow `sh
mowhs|hl mo h`ga vnbxjh" ho`cbmod |ah sh`lhs |n |hw| amw iontb*
hldh`ol j`ih m| ` uhsj`oho| unwwhwwmno/
\ah mbbxw|s`|mnow a`vh
chho whbhg|hl tm|a xoxwx`b g`sh |n hbxgml`|h |ah |hq|/
* \ah tnsi tmbb ch fnxol |n gnvhs j`o} mjuns|`o| |numgwno
tamga bm||bh mofnsj`|mno a`w ahsh|nfnsh chho `v`mb`cbh/ \amw mw
hwuhgm`bb} `uu`sho|mo wxga whg|mnow `w |anwh no W|hhb" Gnogsh|h"
`ol Shmofnsghl Gnogsh|h Gnow|sxg|mno9 Cxmblmod Wxuhsmo|holhogh9
Hw|mj`|mod9Gno|s`g|w `ol
Wuhgmfmg`|mnow" mogbxlmod |ahusmogm*
ubhw`ol jh|anlw nf `t`slmod `ol
hqhgx|mod Dnvhsojho| gno*
|s`g|w9`ol Cxmblmod B`t/
\ah jh|anl `lnu|hl mo |ahushu`s`|mno nf |ah tnsi mw |a`|
tamga |ah @jhsmg`o Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh a`w lhvhbnuhl
`ol hjubn}hl wnwxgghwwfxbb}
fns j`o} }h`sw/ M| mw on| `o
hquhsmjho|" cx| a`w w|nnl |ah whvhshw| nf `bb |hw|w |a`| nfus`g*
|mg`b xwh tamga a`w lhjnow|s`|hl m| |n ch |ah chw| jh|anl
}h|lhvmwhl fns |ah hlxg`|mno nf |ah cxw} tnsimod j`o/
Mo gnogbxwmno" ds`|hfxb `giontbhldjho| mw lxh |ah w|`ff nf
`x|answ `ol gnbb`cns`|nsw" tm|anx| tanwh ah`s|} gn*nuhs`|mno
|amw tsnsi tnxbl a`vh chhomjunwwmcbh/
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Gno|ho|w
VNBXJH VMMM/
\AH GB@WWMG DSHHI NSLHSW / / U`dh+ 00
DSHHI MNOMG NSLHS / / /
#4=
DSHHI GNSMO\AM@O NSLHS / / #008
GB@WWMG SNJ@O NSLHS / / /
#068
H@SB] SNJ@O LNSMG NSLHS / / #0=7
GB@WWMG" SNJ@O LNSMG NSLHS /
#0==
GB@WWMG SNJ@O MNOMG NSLHS / / #307
GB@WWMG SNJ@O GNSMO\AM@O NSLHS#
337
DBNWW@S] 310
CMCBMNDS@UA] 758
SHOLHSMOD MO UHO @OL MOI / /
#707
\AH W\HHB WPX@SH / / / / 7<=
+ Fns U`dh oxjchsw whh fnn| nf u`dhW/
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Shj`momod Gnsohs nf Dshhi Lnsmg \hjubh nf G`w|ns `ol Unbbxq" Dmsdho|m" Wmgmb}/
Mbbxw|s`|mod Gnow|sxg|mno `ol Bmo||b Usmogmubh nf Dshhi \hjubh @sgam|hg|xsh/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW"U@S\ MM
\AH DSHHI NSLHSW NF @SGAM\HG\XSH
Nf `ogmho| cxmblmodw" |ah nob} nohw tamga a`vh gnjh lnto |n xw
mo `o} wns| nf ushwhsv`|mno `sh |ah |hjubhw cxmb| fns |ah shbmdmnxw tns*
wamu nf |ah v`smnxw uhnubhw/ @bb |ahms lnjhw|mg `sgam|hg|xsh t`w
hvmlho|b} nf wxga `o huahjhs`b ga`s`g|hs |a`| m| a`w bnod wmogh lmw*
`uuh`shl/ M| mw |ahshfnsh hvmlho| |a`| shbmdmno" nf ta`|hvhs fnsj" a`w
chholmshg|b} shwunowmcbh fns |ah dsnt|a nf `sgam|hg|xsh |n |ah jnox*
jho|`bw|}bh
|n tamga m| a`w wmogh `||`mohl" `w |ahwh o`|mnow jmda| n|ahs*
Fmd/ 10/ Hd}u|m`o Sngi*Gx| \hjubh/
tmwh ohvhs a`vh movho|hl fns |ahms nslmo`s} wahb|hsw" ns hvho fns |ah
u`b`ghw nf |ahms imodw `ol sxbhsw" |ah mjushwwmvh fnsjw |a`| a`vh wxs*
vmvhl/ Cx|" jnsh |a`o |amw" th iont |a`| j`o} nf |ah lmffhsho| u`s|w
nf `sgam|hg|xsh a`l `| noh |mjh ` lmshg| shbmdmnxw wmdomfmg`ogh `ol
jh`omod/ Molhhl" |ahsh whhjw |n a`vh chho `o hwuhgm`b usmlh hvmoghl
mo `llmod |amw hbhjho| nf w}jcnbmwj |n |ah `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw mo
gnjjno xwh/
\ah Dshhi |hjubhw" mo tamga |ah Nslhs `w th w|xl} m| |n*l`} fmsw|
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4< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
`wwxjhl m|w lhfmom|h fnsj" thsh `w ` sxbh |ah wmjubhw| `ol jnw| hbhjho*
|`b imolnf
cxmblmodw`shg|`odbh bnodhs
|a`o m|w
tml|a"tm|a |tn snnf
ub`ohw bh`omod xuno h`ga n|ahs `ol fnsjmod ` smldh `| |ah gho|hs tm|a
` d`cbh `| h`ga hol/
Lhsmv`|mno nf Dshhi \hjubh/ \ah \hjubh nf Lm`o` Usnu}bwh` `|
Hbhxwmw mw `o mow|`ogh nf ` |hjubh |a`| wantw |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw nf
Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh `| m|w wmjubhw| `ol chw|/ \ah hbhv`|mno `ol ub`o
nf |ah unsga" `w thbb `w |ah lh|`mbw nf m|w nso`jho| `ol gnow|sxg|mno"
^ *`sh cn|a thbb wanto mo |ah|tn mbbxw|s`|mod ub`|hw/
\ah
ho|s`ogh unsga Ub`|h
QQQV-" molmg`|hw ` gbnwh
shb`|mnowamu `ol `unwwmcb}
lmshg| lhsmv`|mno fsnj |ah
Hd}u|m`o sngi*gx| |hjubh
Fmd/ 70-" `w |ah ls`tmodw
want9 `ol m|w ub`o Fmd/ 73-
lmwub`}w |ah wmjubhw| xwh nf
|ah Lnsmg gnbxjo mo `o|mw" ns
ub`ghl ch|thho |ah |tnumb*
`w|hsw `o|h-|a`| `sh fnsjhl
no |ah hol nf |ah wmlh t`bbw
nf |ah cxmblmod/
\ah ub`mo nx|wmlh hogbnw*
mod t`bb nf |ah Hd}u|m`o `ol
|ah h`sb} Dshhi |hjubhw t`w
wnno shub`ghl c} `o hq|hsmns
snt nf gnbxjow" `ol |ah w|noh t`bb ub`ghl mowmlh |ahwh" `w mo |ah ub`o
nf |ah \hjubh nf \ahwhxw Fmd/ 77-" wn |a`| nob} |ah gho|s`b uns|mno
nf |ah cxmblmod t`w `g|x`bb} hogbnwhl/
\ah Dshhi gnbxjohl |hjubh u`wwhl s`umlb} |asnxda j`o}
w|`dhw nf lhvhbnujho| xo|mb m| sh`gahl mo |ah U`s|ahono m|w amdahw|
|}uh9 `ol w|mbb |ah ub`o Fmd/ 7<- wantw ant bm||bh m| a`w ga`odhl mo
m|w hwwho|m`bw fsnj |ah wj`bb \hjubh nf Lm`o` Usnu}bwh`9cx| c} sh*
ub`gmod |ah ub`mo hq|hsmns wmlh `ol sh`s t`bbw c} ` wmodbhns lnxcbh snt
nf gnbxjow" ` dsh`| `llm|mno a`w chho j`lh |n |ah mjushwwmvh hq|hsmns
hffhg| nf |ah tanbh/
Fmd/ 73/ Ub`o nf \hjubh nf Lm`o` Usnu}bwh`
`| Hbhxwmw/
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HJUBH*NU*LM@O@*k:*USLU]b'B@*HBSGMW*
M
FS*NO\
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 48
|ah Dshhi Lnsmg nslhs" `w m| tmbb ahbu |n hqub`mo |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw
|a`| dn |n j`ih xu |ah fsmh{h `ol gnsomgh" mf th shjhjchs |a`| m| usnc*
`cb} fmsw| gsntohl ` t`bb `ol on| ` gnbnoo`lh/
Lhvhbnujho| nf |ah Gnbxjo/ Mo |ahwh Dshhi |hjubhw" tanbb}
nf w|noh gnow|sxg|mno |ah wu`gmod `ol wm{h nf |ah gnbxjow" `w thbb `w
|ah lhvhbnujho|" `s|mw|mg `ol w|sxg|xs`b" nf |ahms cxmblmodw jxw| fmsw|
a`vh chho lh|hsjmohl c} |ah v`smnxw gnowmlhs`|mnow nf j`|hsm`b/ @w
|ah ho|msh Dshhi w}w|hj nf `sgam|hg|xsh t`w c`whl xuno |ah usmogmubh
G[M
Fmd/ 77/ Ub`o nf \hjubh nf
\ahwhxw" @|ahow/
Fmd/ 7</ Ub`o nf U`s|ahono"
@|ahow/
nf |ah bmo|hb Fsno|mwumhgh-" th iont |a`| |ah wu`gmodnf |ah gnbxjo t`w
dnvhsohl c} |ah bhod|a nf w|noh cbngiw tamga |ah} thsh `cbh |n px`ss}
`ol ub`gh `gsnww `ol xuno |ah gnbxjow tm|a wnjh `wwxs`ogh nf |ahms
wxuuns|mod |ah thmda| nf |ah snnf9 `ol wn `bwn |ah wm{h nf |ah gnbxjo
m|whbf t`wusnc`cb}
fmsw| lh|hsjmohl jnshc}
|ah h`wh nf px`ss}mod |ah
cbngiw nf w|noh nf tamga |ah} thsh gnjunwhl" `ol nf a`olbmod
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46 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
`s|mw|mg hffhg|" `b|anxda |amw xolnxc|hlb} mjjhlm`|hb} fnbbnthl/
Mo |ah Hd}u|m`o `ol Dshhi |hjubhw" |ah gnbxjo lhvhbnuhl
uhgxbm`sm|mhwnf fnsj |a`| thsh hvmlho|b} lhj`olhl c} |ah amdahs
`s|mw|mg gxb|mv`|mno nf |ah uhnubh/Mo |ah h`sb} hq`jubhw m|w uxsunwh
a`l chho uxshb} w|sxg|xs`b" cx| b`|hs no m| t`w xwhl |n usnlxgh `o
mjuns|`o| u`s|nf |ah hffhg| nf |ah cxmblmod" `ol tambh w|mbb x|mbm{hl
fns w|sxg|xs`b uxsunwhw"m| t`w |sh`|hl `w ` lhgns`|mvh xom|" xo|mb fm*
o`bb}|ah gnbxjo ns s`|ahs |ah Nslhs- chgnjhw |ah vhs} c`wmw nf
Gb`wwmg `sgam|hg|xs`b
lhwmdo/Sxbhw nf Gb`wwmg @sgam|hg|xsh" \ahms Xwh `ol Jmwxwh/ Gb`wwmg
`sgam|hg|xsh mw lmw|modxmwahl fsnj |ah b`|hs `ol jnsh |s`owm|ns} w|}bhw"
wxga `w lhvhbnuhl lxsmod |ah Snj`ohwpxh `ol Dn|amg uhsmnlw" c} |ah
f`g| |a`| |ah v`smnxw fnsjw gnjunwmod m|w u`s|w a`vh chho shlxghl |n
`f`msb}
lhfmom|h wh| nf sxbhw/
On n|ahsw|}bh
nf `sgam|hg|xsh a`w chho wn gnowmw|ho|b} lhvhbnuhl ns
a`w wn thbb w|nnl |ah |hw| nf |mjh/ Cx|m|
jxw| `bt`}w ch shjhjchshl|a`| |ah #sxbhw# |n tamga th a`vh ont shlxghl |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhsw" `sh
on| |n ch gnowmlhshl `w |ah usmogmubhw xuno tamga |ah} thsh fmsw| lh*
wmdohl/ S`|ahs" |ahwh sxbhw `ol w}w|hjw nf usnuns|mnomod |ah lh|`mbw
nf |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhsw nf `sgam|hg|xsh a`vh chho movho|hl c} ho|axwm`w|mg
|ahnsmw|w `ol w|xlho|w nf b`|hs |mjhw |n fm| |ah nbl hq`jubhw/ \ah
uhnubh tan hshg|hl |ahwh `ogmho| jnoxjho|w xolhsw|nnl on wxga
sxbhw" cx| s`|ahs gsh`|hl |ahms tnsi xolhsbmh lmshg| mofbxhogh nf `
vm|`b `s|mw|mg mow|mog| `ol bmfh nf tamga |n*l`} th `sh mjm|`|mod |ah
jhsh hju|} fnsjw/ M| jxw| ch |ansnxdab} sh`bm{hl" |ahshfnsh"
|a`| mo shlxgmod |ah Nslhsw |n |ah xolhsw|`olmod nf molmvmlx`bw nf `
lmffhsho| gmvmbm{`|mno c} ` jhsh #sxbh nf |axjc"# jxga nf |ahms wxc|bh|}
`ol |sxhwumsm|
jxw| a`vh chho bnw|" `ol |a`| |ah sxbh nob} wxddhw|w |n
xw ` jhsh nx|bmoh ns dhohs`b mlh` nf |ah |sxh ch`x|} nf `o} noh nf |ahwh
Nslhsw/ Wn" tambh th j`} on| anuh |n hpx`b ns `uusn`ga |ahms nsmdmo`b
uhsfhg|mno" hquhsmhogh `ol gnow|`o| w|xl} j`} ch shbmhl xuno |n wxd*
dhw| |ahusmogmubhw tamga xolhsbmh |ahj `ol tamga |ah} shushwho|" `ol
wn |n ahbu xw |n usnlxgh molmvmlx`b shfmohjho|w `ol v`sm`|mnow mo `
jnlhso `ol |ahshfnsh |sxb} vm|`bwumsm|/
\ah sxbhw" |aho" tamga th fnbbnt no `bb Gb`wwmg tnsi |n*l`} jxw|
ch gnowmlhshl on| `w |ah usmogmubhw tamga dnvhsohl |ah Dshhi lhwmdo*
hsw" cx| `w |anwh tamga th a`vh movho|hl mo nslhs |n sholhs |ah xwh nf
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*WIQ\GA*NF*
@WTL*Cf*DHHHIW
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 44
M| mw pxm|h mjunwwmcbh `| |amw l`} |n hquhg| |n iont |ah usmogmubhw
tamga |ah Gb`wwmg lhwmdohsw `g|x`bb} fnbbnthl/ Hvhs} }h`s |ahsh `sh
lmwgnvhshl oht v`sm`|mnow fsnj |ah /wxuunwhl sxbhw tamga th a`vh
`uubmhl/ M| mw ont ionto" fns mow|`ogh" |a`| mo |ah U`s|ahono" `|
@|ahow" hvhs} wxuunwhlb} w|s`mda| bmoh t`w b`ml nx| `ol lh|hsjmohl
no wnjh fbhqmcbh usmogmubh nf gxsvhw usnuns|mnohl" usnc`cb}" wnbhb}
tm|a shd`sl |n |ahms fmo`b hffhg| xuno |ah h}h nf |ah ncwhsvhs/
Wxuhsmnsm|} nf Dshhi @sgam|hg|xsh/ Dshhi gmvmbm{`|mno lhvhbnuhl
shfmohjho| `ol wxc|bh|} nf |`w|h mo `sgam|hg|xsh |n ` unmo| |a`| `s*
gam|hg|xsh a`w ohvhs wmogh `||`mohl/ \ah chw| cxmblmodw hshg|hl c}
|ah Dshhiw gnjcmoh wxga lmwwmjmb`s px`bm|mhw `w smgaohww" wmjubmgm|}"
j`dom|xlh `ol w|shod|a" tm|a shfmohjho| `ol a`sjno}/
Gno|s`s} |n |ah dhohs`b mjushwwmno shd`slmod |ah gnblohww `ol
w|smg| fnsj`bmwj nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh" usnc`cb} on uhnubh a`vh hvhs
gnjcmohl Gb`wwmg `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw tm|a jnshv`smh|}"
ns tm|a
jnsh mowmw|hogh xuno |ahfbhqmcmbm|}
`ol mo|hshw| nf |ahms gnjunwm|mnow/
Shfmohjho| nf Bmohw/ On noh xolhsw|nnl jnsh |ansnxdab} |a`o
|ah Dshhi `s|mw|w |ah `cxwhw `ol lhfhg|w nf ` j`|ahj`|mg`b w}w|hj
taho `uubmhl |n ` vm|`b `s|/ \ah} thsh gnjuhbbhl |n usndshww ch}nol
|amw bmjm|`|mno chfnsh |ah} wxgghhlhl mo gsh`|mod `o `sgam|hg|xsh |a`|
t`w tns|a} nf chmod mogbxlhl `jnod |ah Fmoh @s|w9tambh nf on uhsmnl
wmogh a`w m| chho unwwmcbh |n dmvh m|w `sgam|hg|xsh fsno| s`oi `jnod
|ahj/ \ah `ogmho| Dshhiw gnowmlhshl |ah tanbh hffhg| nf |ahms
`sgam|hg|xshb`sdhb} tm|a shd`sl |n |ah h}h nf |ah chanblhs" `ol |amw
usmogmubh whhjw |n a`vh chho jnsh |ansnxdab} xolhsw|nnl c} |ahj
|a`o c} `o} wxgghhlmod o`|mno nf cxmblhsw/ @w `bb |ahms j`wwhw `ol
lh|`mbw thsh g`shfxbb} w|xlmhl tm|a |amw nu|mg`b hffhg| mo jmol" wn
oh`sb} `bb |ah bmohw mo |ahms tnsi cn|a ansm{no|`b `ol vhs|mg`b gxsvh9
`ol |ah gxsvhw thsh w|xlmhl tm|a |ah
`uu`sho|mo|ho|mno nf gnxo|hs*
`g|mod ghs|`mo `tit`sl nu|mg`b lhfhg|w tamga jmda| ch ngg`wmnohl
c} |ah xwh nf ` jhga`omg`b hq`g|m|xlh mo w|s`mdaB`ol shg|`odxb`s bmohw/
\ahwh usmogmubhw |ah Dshhiw lhvhbnuhl `ol shfmohl |n `o `bjnw|
mog`bgxb`cbh lhdshh" tambh |ahms `uubmg`|mno t`w csn`lhohl xo|mb |ah}
wxc|b} v`smhl `bjnw| hvhs} wxuunwhlb} w|s`mda| bmoh/ \ah w|xlho| nf
|ahms `sgam|hg|xsh mw ont`l`}w vhs} g`shfxb `cnx| `gghu|mod fsnj
g`wx`b ncwhsv`|mno nf |ah hffhg| nf |ah cxmblmod" |ah `uu`sho| jh`ow c}tamga |amw hffhg| t`w
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41 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
|ah chw| hq`jubhw nf `sgam|hg|xsh nf `bb |mjh" b`|h lmwgnvhsmhw `ol
jnshhq`g| jh`wxshjho|w a`vh
lhvhbnuhl|ah f`g| |a`| |ahsh mw
usnc*
`cb} on| `o hq`g|b} w|s`mda| bmoh mo |ah ho|msh w|sxg|xsh/ \ah jnw|
g`shfxb w|xl} t`w dmvho |n hvhs} u`s| nf |amw ch`x|mfxb cxmblmod" fsnj
hvhs} unwwmcbh unmo| nf ncwhsv`|mno/ Mo |ah fsno|" fns mow|`ogh" |ah
w|}bnc`|h xuno tamga |ah gnbxjow shw| mw wbmda|b} amdahs `| |ah gho|hs
|a`o `| h`ga hol" mo nslhs |n ushvho| `o} `uuh`s`ogh nf lsnuumod `|
|amw unmo| `w tnxbl a`vh chho mohvm|`cbh mf m| thsh b`ml nx| no ` uhs*
fhg|b} w|s`mda| bmoh9 |ah bmohw nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh thsh mo |xso wbmda|b}
s`mwhl `| |ah gho|hs wn |a`| m| tnxbl on| `uuh`s |n w`d9 |ah amdahw| unmo|"
`d`mo" mw on| hq`g|b} mo |ah gho|hs" cx| |n noh wmlh" tahsh |ah cxmblmod
tnxbl ch whho c} `o}noh `uusn`gamod fsnj |ah Usnu}bwh`" |ah ho|s`ogh
|n |ah @gsnunbmw/ \ah gnbxjow nf |ah gnbnoo`lh `snxol |ah cxmblmod
`sh `bb wbmda|b} nx| nf |ah uhsuholmgxb`s9 |ah} mogbmoh ns bh`o c`gi |n*
t`sl |ah gho|hs" wn |a`| |ah `qhw" mf usnbnodhl |n ` bnod lmw|`ogh `cnvh
|ah cxmblmod" tnxbl `bb fmo`bb} jhh| `| noh v`omwamod unmo|/ \amw mw
|sxh mo `bb m|w jh`omodw/ On| nob} lnhw |ah ho|msh gnbnoo`lh `bnod |ah
wmlh" fns mow|`ogh" bh`o c`gi mo ub`oh |nt`sl |ah u`s`bbhb gho|hs bmoh
nf |ah cxmblmod `bnod |ah smldh nf |ah snnf" cx| |ah gnbxjow" `w |ah}
`uusn`ga |ah |tn holw nf |ah cxmblmod" bh`o c`gi |nt`sl |ah gho|hs
bmoh nf |ah shwuhg|mvh hbhv`|mnow/ \amw mw |sxh no `bb fnxs wmlhw nf |ah
cxmblmod" mo nslhs |n a`vh |ah wbnumod bmohw nf |ah gnbxjowgnsshg|b}
mo|hswhg| `| h`ga `odbh/ C} shfhssmod |n |ah gx|w |amw tmbb ch j`lh
jnsh gbh`s/ Fmd/ 78 wantw |tn uhsuholmgxb`s whg|mnow |asnxda |ah
gnbnoo`lh" tm|a |ah gnbxjo ub`ghl ch}nol |ah f`gh nf |ah hogbnwmod
t`bb nf |ah cxmblmod/ \ah gnbxjo `| |ah bhf| mw wanto tm|a m|w `qmw
uhsuholmgxb`s `ol `| smda| `odbhw |n ` ansm{no|`b bmoh/ \amw mw |ah t`}
|ah Dshhiw lml on| xwh |ah gnbxjo/ @| |ah smda| mw wanto ` gnbxjo
hjubn}hl mo |ahms gxw|nj`s} j`oohs/ Ahsh |ah ln||hl bmoh lsnuuhl
fsnj |ah mowmlh nf |ah `sgam|s`vh nf |ah gsntomod ho|`cb`|xsh lmwgbnwhw
|ah f`g| |a`| |ah `qmw nf |ah gnbxjo mw wbnumod c`gi `| |ah |nu |nt`sl
|ah hogbnwmod mo|hsmns t`bb nf |ah cxmblmod9 tambh |ah f`gh nf |ah fsmh{h
`ol ho|`cb`|xsh `cnvh `bwn fnbbntw" |anxda jnshwbmda|b}"
|amw w`jh
ds`lx`b wbnuh/Mo |amw hq`jubh |ah |`uhs
nf |ah gnbxjo mw hq`ddhs`|hl
mo nslhs |n hjua`wm{h |ah |ahns} nf m|w `ss`odhjho|/
Fmd/ 76 mw ` ub`o nf |ah fsmh{h nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" wantmod
|ah gnbxjow ub`ghl choh`|a m| xolhs hvhs} `b|hso`|h |smdb}ua/\amw
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 4=
shb`|mno |n h`ga n|ahs" `ol lmwgbnwhw |ah f`g| |a`| |ahms gho|hsw" tambh
no ` uhsuholmgxb`s bmoh mo fsno| hbhv`|mno" `sh on| lmshg|b} nvhs h`ga
n|ahs mo ub`o" |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah ohgi chmod ub`ghl chamol
|ah gho|hs `| |ah c`wh mo nslhs |n usnlxgh |ah hffhg| wanto `| |ah smda|
mo Fmd/ 78/ @| |ah gnsohs" |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah ohgi mw ohg*
hww`smb} wb`o|hl mo no h`ga hbhv`|mno" `w mw wanto no |amw ub`o/ \amw
tmbb molmg`|h |ah fmsw| w|`dh nf |ah
lhvhbnujho| nf |amw |ahnsh|mg`b
w}w|hj" tamga mw wanto jnsh
gbh`sb} mo Fmd/ 74" tahsh |ah ub`o
nf |ah wmq*gnbxjohl Dshhi Lnsmg
unsga mbbxw|s`|hw |ah gnjubh|h
tnsimod nx| nf |amw |ahns}/ Ahsh
th fmol |a`| h`ga gnbxjo on| nob}
bh`ow c`gi fsnj |ah f`gh nf |ah
cxmblmod" cx| `bwn |a`| m| mw wanto
mogbmohl |nt`sl |ah gho|hs unmo|
`w thbb" |axwhpx`bm{mod |amw*ds`lx*
`b mogbmo`|mno nf |ah gnbxjow fsnj
|ah noh `| |ah gnsohs |n |ah gho*
|hs nf `o} f`g`lh nf |ah cxmblmod"
tahsh"mf ` gnbxjo thsh
ub`ghl"m|
tnxbl ch lmshg|bv uhsuholmgxb`s Fbd* 78? Whg|bnow \asnxda |ah gnbnoo`lh
" / /" /nf ` Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs/
mo hbhv`|mno tambh m|w ohgi tnxbl
w|mbb mogbmoh c`gi fsnj |ah f`gh nf |ah cxmblmod/ \ah `bjnw| mo|`odmcbh
v`sm`|mno nf |ahwh gnbxjow fsnj |ah uhsuholmgxb`s t`w j`lh mo nslhs
|a`| |ah} tnxbl on| `uuh`s |n wush`l nx|t`sl `| |ah|nu" `ol |a`| `|
|ah w`jh |mjh |ah cxmblmod tnxbl ushwho|" mo m|w u}s`jml`b fnsj" `
jnsh wnbml `ol holxsmod
`wuhg|/
Shfmohjho| mo Lh|`mb/
Th a`vh `bsh`l} sh*
j`sihl |a`| tm|a |ah
usndshww nf `sgam|hg|xsh
|ah gnbxjo |`ihw usn*
Fmd/ 76/ Ub`o nf Fsmh{h nf Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs/uns|mnow jnsh hbhd`o|"
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15 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
`| |ah w`jh |mjh |ah hgamoxw nf |ah g`um|`b fb`||hohl mo |ah nbl
|hjubhw `ol gnjushwwhl xolhs |ah thmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw
w|s`mda|hohl `ol wxuuns|w tm|a jnsh fmsjohww |ah `c`gxw/ \ah
jnxblmodw chgnjh bhww csx|`b9 |ah gnbxjo `| |ah `odbh shghmvhw `
lm`jh|hs ` bm||bh b`sdhs |a`o chbnodw |n |ah n|ahs gnbxjow9 |ah shg*
|`odxb`s wa`uh tamga a`w chho |`iho `w |ah fnsj nf |ah hlmfmgh
chgnjhw lhbmg`|hb} u}s`jml`b" xo|mb th `ssmvh `| wxga `ljms`cbh hq*
hq`jubhw `w |ah \hjubh nf _Hdmo`" |ah Usnu}bwh`" |ah \ahwhxj" `ol
|ah U`s|ahono/
Fmd/ 74/ Ub`o nf Wmq*Gnbxjohl Dshhi Lnsmg Unsga/
\ah Dshhi Lnsmg G`um|`b/ \ah hgamoxw jnxblmod mw gnowmlhshl
`w |ah jnw| lmw|mog|mvh nf `bb |ah whg|mnow movho|hl c} |ah Dshhiw9
`ol" `w xwhl mo |ah Lnsmgg`um|`b"
m| shghmvhl ` ga`s`g|hs |a`| lnhw
on| uhs|`mo |n m| taho xwhl mo `o} n|ahs unwm|mno/ Mo |ah h`sbmhs
hq`jubhw m|w nx|bmohw tmbb ch fnxol jnsh snxolmod mo whg|mno |a`o
mo |ah b`|hs nohw tahsh m| `||`mow |n ` ch`x|mfxbb} w|xlmhl hggho|smg
gxsvh" ohm|ahs fb`| honxda |n ch a`sl" ons fxbb honxda |n ch th`i mo
hffhg|" xo|mb mo |ah U`s|ahono `ol \anbnw nf Huml`xsnw m| mw shfmohl |n
`o `bjnw| w|s`mda| bmoh/ \ah gnju`shl whg|mnow nfg`um|`bw fsnj
Gnsmo|a" U`hw|xj" |ah \hjubh nf Gnognsl `| @dsmdho|xj" `ol |ah
U`s|ahono `| @|ahow" wanto mo Fmd/ 71-" mbbxw|s`|h |amw usndshww/ \ah
v`smnxw whg|mnow nf |amw g`u jnxblmod" fsnj |ahh`sb}" fxbbhs" snxolhs
hq`jubhw
tahsh m|
wush`lw
nx| f`s
ch}nol|ah wa`f|"
`bnod
tm|a |ah
lmffhsho| t`}w nf hqushwwmod |ah v`smnxwb} |hsjhl `ooxbh|w ns fmbbh|w
|a`| whu`s`|h |amw jnxblmod fsnj |ah fbx|hl ohgimod chbnt" want ant
g`shfxbb} |ah Dshhi wgxbu|nsw hquhsmjho|hl mo nslhs |n nc|`mo kxw| |ah
hffhg| |a`| |ah} lhwmshl/ Mo |ah b`|hs uhsmnlw nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh
|ah nx|bmoh nf |amw hgamoxw jnxblmod mw `w wmjubh" lhbmg`|h" `ol ch`x|m*
fxb `w `o} lh|`mb |a`| |ah Dshhiw a`vh j`lh9 `ol mo |ah chw| hq`jubhw
m| j`} ch gnowmlhshl |}umg`b nf |ah shfmohjho| `ol usnuns|mnow nf |ahms
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
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13 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
t`w dhohs`bb} lhgns`|hl tm|a wgxbu|xsh" mw mo m|w wbnuh" wmjubmgm|}
`ol usnuns|mnow ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nf |ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b us`g|mgh/ \ah
mogbmo`|mno nf |ahwh snnfw mw vhs} wbmda|/ Mo |ah \hjubh nf |ah
Hshga|ahxj m| mw fmf|hho `ol noh*a`bf lhdshhw9 mo |ah \hjubh nf
\ahwhxw Fmd/ 80- m| mw fmf|hho lhdshhw9 mo |ah U`s|ahono Fmd/ <8-"
m| mw wmq|hho lhdshhw9 tambh |ah uhlmjho| nf |ah Usnu}bwh` Fmd/ 11-
7.<* K
Fmd/ 7=/
a`w `o mogbmo`|mno nf fnxs|hho `ol noh*a`bf lhdshhw/ M| j`} ch
mo|hshw|mod |n jho|mno" mo |amw gnoohg|mno" |a`| mo Snj`o hq`jubhw
|amw mogbmo`|mno mww|hhuhs/ \axw" mo |ah uhlmjho| nf Whu|mjxw
Whvhsxw m| mw |tho|}*|tn lhdshhw9 mo |ah \hjubh nf Gnognsl
`ol J`sw Xb|ns" |tho|}*|ashh `ol noh*a`bf lhdshhw9 `ol mo |ah \hjubh
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 17
\ah V`bxh nf |ah #Nslhs/$+ \ah #Nslhs# j`} ch xwhl `w |ah
jnw| |`odmcbh jh`ow nf dh||mod `| |ah hwwho|m`b u`s|w nf |ah Dshhi
w|}bh"`ol ` w|xl} nf m|w fnsjw g`oon| f`mb |n ahbu |nt`slw |ah `uush*
gm`|mno nf |ah ch`x|} nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh `w ` tanbh/
M| mw `bwn ohghww`s} |n sh`bm{h |a`| |ah Nslhs mw on| |ah jnw| mjuns*
|`o| u`s| nf |ah w|xl} nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh/ \ah Dshhi cxmblmod"
C@WMBKDVU@HW\N
Fmd/ <5/
mo `bb m|w ch`x|} nf usnuns|mno" hqmw|hl bnod chfnsh |ah Nslhs t`w lhvhb*
nuhl |n |ah unmo| tahsh th w|xl} m| |n*l`}/\ah fnsj nf snnf xwhl
no |ah Dshhi |hjubhw uhsfnsjw" `w th a`vh `bsh`l} whho" ` jxga jnsh`
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1< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
jmda| n|ahstmwh on| ch `uushaholhl/ Hwuhgm`bb} mw |amw wn nf |ah
`ogmho| Dshhiw|sxg|xshw/
Fmd/ <0/
\ah Nslhsw" `w th a`vh |ahj |n*l`}" `sh lhsmvhl fsnj |ah jh`w*
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
xjho|w/ @wmlh fsnj uxsunwhw nf `g|x`b shusnlxg|mno `ol |ahms tanbh
nsu`s|m`b xwh no jnlhso cxmblmodw" |ah} `sh jnw| v`bx`cbh `w mlh`b
|}uhw fsnj tamga |ah usnuns|mnow nf nbl `ol oht tnsi j`} ch w|xlmhl
`ol hw|mj`|hl/
Jnlhso us`g|mgh `ol |ahns} ln on| dmvh |n |ah Nslhsw |ah mjuns*
JOHIJTHOW$bm
Fmd/ <3/
|`ogh tamga |ah} a`vh ahsh|nfnsh dhohs`bb} shghmvhl/ ]h| |ahwh fnsjw
a`vh gnjh lnto |n xw tm|a jnsh `x|ansm|} |a`o `o} n|ahs wmodbh xom|w
hjubn}hl mo `sgam|hg|xs`b us`g|mgh/ \n gnjushahol |ansnxdab} |ah
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15 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
th jxw| w|xl} |ahms xwh mo nbl `ol Gb`wwmg tnsi tahsh |ah} thsh `
jxga jnsh mjuns|`o| f`g|ns mo |ah lmshg| hvnbx|mno nf `sgam|hg|xsh
|a`o ont mo nxs gbmj`|h" `ol xolhs |ah wngm`b gnolm|mnow nf|n*l`}/
M| mw |ahshfnsh ohghww`s} |a`| |ah lhsmv`|mno `ol amw|nsmg`b dsnt|a nf
Fmd/ <7/
|ah Nslhsw wanxbl ch xolhsw|nnl" `ol |ahms xwhwanxbl on| ch `||hju|hl
xo|mb |ahms fnsjw `olusnuns|mnow
a`vh chho|ansnxdab}
w|xlmhl/
\aho" taho xwhl" molhhl chgnjh ` vm|`b `ol
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 14
Mo shusnlxgmod `o} nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw |ah nbl hq`jubhw wanxbl
ch fnbbnthl `w gbnwhb} `w unwwmcbh" `w |ahms usnuns|mnow a`vh chho wn
thbb lhfmohl c} |mjh `ol ushghlho| |a`| `| |amw l`} |ahwh fnsjw wanxbl
ch gnowmlhshl `w lhfmom|h/ \amw w|smg|xsh mw hjua`wm{hl c} |ah f`g|
|a`|" wmogh |ah Snj`o Nslhsw thsh lhfmohl" |ah Dshhi w|}bhnf `s*
_ K
b 70*<*
03
+M
Fmd/ <</
gam|hg|xsh a`w chho cx| bm||bh xwhl" `ol on fxs|ahs lhvhbnuhl9 `ol mo
|ah fht mow|`oghw tahsh m| a`w chho shvmvhl m| t`w `uu`sho|b} shg*
ndom{hl |a`| `o} xwh nf |ah lh|`mbw ns u`s|wnf
Dshhi`sgam|hg|xsh
ch jnlhbhl `w `w no |ah `g|x`b
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(d
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW WN
@O@B]WMW NF \AH DSHHI NSLHS/
\ah Dshhi #Nslhs# mw `o `sgam|hg|xs`b gnjunwm|mno shwxb|mod
fsnj |ah gnjcmo`|mno nf ` ub`|fnsj ns W|}bnc`|h" ` Gnbxjo" `ol `o
Ho|`cb`|xsh/ @ uhlhw|`bmw on| hjubn}hl tm|a |ah Dshhi gnbxjo/
\ah ub`|fnsj"ns
w|}bnc`|h"gnowmw|w nf ` ub`mo j`ww nf dsh`|hs ns bhwwhs
ahmda|" xuno tamga |ah gnbxjow shw|/ Mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" anthvhs"
|ah w|}bnc`|h dhohs`bb} gnowmw|w nf
|ashh amda w|huw xuno tamga `sh
wh| |ah gnbxjow/ \ah ho|`cb`*
|xsh mw lmvmlhl mo|n @sgam|s`vh ns
Humw|}bh" Fsmh{h" `ol Gnsomgh/
\ahsh `sh |ashh Dshhi ns*
hsw;
0- \ah Lnsmg Nslhs" mo
tamga |ah g`um|`b mw gnjunwhl
wnbhb}nf jnxblmodw/ Whh Fmd/
85/-
3- \ah Mnomg Nslhs" mo
tamga |ah g`um|`bmw gnjunwhl
nf jnxblmodw hosmgahl tm|a g`sv*
mod" `ol tm|a|ah `llm|mno nf
bnodwgsnbbw g`bbhl Vnbx|hw/
7- \ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs"
mo tamga |ah g`um|`bmw gnjunwhl
nf jnxblmodw" vnbx|hw" `ol bh`f*
`dh/
\ah G`s}`|ml `ol Uhswmg
Nslhsw" mo tamga |ah ho|`cb`|xsh
mw g`ssmhl c} wgxbu|xshl fmdxshw
mow|h`l nf c} gnbxjow" `sh on|
wuhgmfmhl`w whu`s`|h nslhsw" cx|
wanxbl on| ch nvhsbnnihl/
\ahsh `sh n|ahs lmw|modxmwamod ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw" cx| |ah g`um|`b mw
uhsa`uw |ah jnw| on|`cbh/
\ah gnbxjo" wn mjuns|`o| ` u`s| nf |ah nslhs" mw m|whbf ` dsnt|a nf
I/
Fmd/ <6/ Jnxblmod Nx|bmohw/
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=5 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Nsmdmo nf |ah Ho|`wmw nf |ah Gnbxjo/ \ah dsh`| lmffhshogh ch*
|thho |ah tml|a `| ohgi `ol c`wh nf |ah Dshhi gnbxjo mo |ah h`sb}
hq`jubhw molmg`|hw mo u`s| m|w hquhsmjho|`b w|`dhw `ol mo u`s| m|w
lhsmv`|mno fsnj |ah w|noh t`bb nsumhs9 tambh m|w nx|bmoh ghs|`mob} wxd*
dhw|wjnsh |ah #c`||hs# ns wbnuh nf ` u}bno ns t`bb |a`o |ah ho|`wmw
nf ` gnbxjo/ Th $wa`bb fmol" mo |`imod
xu |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhsw jnsh mo
lh|`mb" w|mbb n|ahs hvmlhoghw unmo|mod mo
|ah w`jh lmshg|mno/
\ah Fbx|modw `ol |ahms Nsmdmo/
\ah wa`f|w ns gnbxjow `sh fshpxho|b}
lmvmlhl mo|n fbx|modw/ Mo |ah Lnsmg
Nslhs |ahwh fbx|modw `sh" mo ub`o" wans|
whdjho|w nf ` gmsgbh ns nf `ohbbmuwh"
`ol mo|hswhg| mo ` wa`su" s`mwhl hldh"
ns `ssmw9 cx| mo |ah Mnomg `ol |ah
Gnsmo|am`oNslhsw |ah
fbx|modw`sh `b*
jnw| a`bf gmsgbhw mo ub`o" `ol `sh whu`*
s`|hl" on| c} ` jhsh `ssmw" cx| c} `
fmbbh| ns `o `uushgm`cbh uns|mno nf |ah
wa`f| m|whbf" `w `| F moFmd/^
<=/
Mo |ah h`sbmhw| sngi*gx| |hjubhw"
u}bnow ns wpx`sh umhsw `w wanto `| @"
Fmd/ <4- thsh
usnc`cb}
bhf| |n wxuuns|
|ah snnf" `w j`} ch whho |n*l`} mo
Molm` `ol Gho|s`b @jhsmg`/ \ahwh
umhswthsh wnjh|mjhw hb`cns`|hb} g`sv*
hl `ol lhgns`|hl mo u`ohbw no |ahms
fnxs wmlhw/
\ah fbx|mod t`w usnc`cb} fmsw| wxd*
dhw|hl c} |ah xolxh `jnxo| nf th`s
no |ah gnsohs `odbh" `ol |amw `odbh t`w
ga`jfhshl nff" `w `| C mo |ah w`jh
fmdxsh" fmsw| wbmda|b}`ol `f|hst`sl wn `w |n j`ih |ah umhs
nf hmda|
hpx`b f`ghw ns wmlhw/ \ahwh ga`jfhsw hq|holhl fsnj ` unmo| `cnvh
` uhswno$w ah`l `ol oh`s |ah |nu nf |ahumhs"
lnto |n |ah fbnns"
`w `| @ ns C mo Fmd/ <1/ B`|hs no |ah hmda| f`ghw thsh j`lh mo|n wmq*
|hho c} |ah w`jh wmjubh usnghwwnf lshwwmod lnto |ah gnsohsw G"
Fmd/ <4/ Ub`ow wantmod Lhvhbnu*
jho| nf Lnsmg Gnbxjow/
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LH\@MBWOUB&nuLM@O@>
UB@\H QQQVM/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW =0
Fmd/ <4- 9 `ol |ah |nu nf |ah umhs t`w uhsa`uw bhf| wpx`sh G" Fmd/ <1-"
`w |ah h`sbmhs fnsjwxddhw|hl/
Cx| m| t`w ont fnxol |a`| |ah `odbhw nf |ah gnsohsw thsh wn nc*
|xwh |a`| |ah} thsh a`slb} lmw|modxmwa`cbh @" Fmd/ <=-9 `ol m| t`w
`o h`w} fxs|ahsw|hu
|n wa`suho `ol hjua`wm{h |ahwh gnsohsw c} anb*
bntmod nx| |ah fb`| wxsf`gh" `| fmsw| vhs} wbmda|b} C" Fmd/ <=-/
M| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`| |amw mw |ah lhvhbnujho| nf ` sngi ns
w|noh*gx| umhs |a`| th `sh |s`gmod" `ol |a`| |ah mow|mog| nf |ah `s|mw`o
t`w |n ushwhsvh |ah lmw|mog|mvh fh`|xsh" |a`| nf |ah `odbh ns gnsohs"
lmwshd`slmod `| fmsw| `o h`wmhs wnbx|mno |a`| nf j`imod m| gmsgxb`s
Fmd/ <1/ Hbhv`|mnow Wantmod Lhvhbnujho| nf Lnsmg Gnbxjow/
mo ub`o/ Th fmol mow|`oghw nf kxw| |amw w|`dh nf lhvhbnujho|
mo wnjh nf |ah sngi*gx| |njcw `| Chom*A`ww`o mo Hd}u|" tahsh |tn
gnbxjow nf ` fnsj wmjmb`s |n |a`| kxw| lhwgsmchl thsh xwhl mo `o|mw
Fmd/ 70-/
\ah usnghww nf ga`jfhsmod nff |ah gnsohs `odbhw tnxbl bh`vh xw
tm|a ` umhsnf wmq|hho wmlhw" tambh |ah Dshhiw `lnu|hl |ah oxjchs
nf |tho|} fns |ah Lnsmg tnsi nf |ah chw| uhsmnlw/\amw t`w xo*
lnxc|hlb} `f|hs lxh hquhsmjho|`|mno" taho m| t`w fnxol |a`| wmq*
|hho fbx|hw thsh |nn gn`swh fns |ah chw| hffhg|/ @| Uwhw|xj th fmol
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W\XL] NU \AH NSLHSW
Nslhs nf vhs} b`sdh gnbxjow a`w |tho|}*fnxs fbx|hw/ \ah mo|hsmns
bnths Nslhs a`w |tho|}" `ol |ah xuuhs Nslhs wmq|hho fbx|hw" hvmlho|b}
usnuns|mnohl tm|a shd`sl |n |ah wm{h `ol dms|a nf |ah tanbh nf |ah
gnbxjo pxm|h `w jxga `w |n |ahms lmw|`ogh fsnj |ah h}h/
Mo wnjh wxga t`} `w |amw t`w lhvhbnuhl |ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah fbx|mod
`olg`um|`b nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg
gnbxjo/ C} shfhssmod |n Fmd/ <1
`d`mo" m| tmbb ch fnxol |a`| |ah
nx|bmoh nf |ahumhs
wanto `| @
wxddhw|w jnsh |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah
g`um|`b fnsjhl nf `o hgamoxw `ol
`c`gxw" `w mo |ah b`|hs hq`jubhw"
|a`o ln |ah ohq| wxgghwwmvh w|`dhw"
C `ol G/
\ah fxs|ahs dsnt|a nf |ah
fb`|mod mw wanto mo Fmd/ <=/ @|
G mw molmg`|hl ` whg|mno nf dsh`|hs
lhu|a `ol lhgmwmno/ Mo L th
fmol |a`| |ashh gmsgbhw `sh hj*
ubn}hl |n dh| |ah hffhg|" noh nf
b`sdh s`lmxw fns |ah fb`| gho|hs
wthhu" `ol `| hm|ahs hol noh nf
wans| s`lmxw" mo nslhs |n nc|`mo `
wa`su gnsohs hldh" ns `ssmw" `| |ah
jhh|mod nf |ah fbx|modw/ \amw
ushw`dhw |ah `uuh`s`ogh nf |ah
fmbbh| whu`s`|mod |ah fbx|modw" `b*
|anxda |amw ga`s`g|hs mw `f|hs*
t`slw shbhd`|hl |n |ah whgnol
Nslhs" |ah Mnomg/
\ah ushwxju|mno mw |a`| |ah
fbx|hw
thshfmomwahl mo
ub`gh`|
|ah |mjh |ah cxmblmod t`w gnow|sxg|hl/ \ahsh `sh ghs|`mo cxmblmodw
tamga whhjw |n usnvh |amw |ahns}" wxga `w |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn `|
Lhbnw" tahsh |ah ga`oohbw `sh chdxo `| |ah |nu `ol |ah cn||nj nf |ah
wa`f| `ol bhf| xofmomwahl/
Jnonbm|aw `sh s`sh mo Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh" `ol |ah g}bmolhs ns
$Fmd/ <=/ Lhvhbnujho| nf Gnbxjo Fbx|mod/
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=< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo mw dhohs`bb} fnsjhl nf ` whsmhw nf gnxswhw ns lsxjw"
ub`ghl noh `cnvh |ah n|ahs/
\ah fbx|modw nf |ah Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o Nslhsw `sh dhohs`bb}
|tho|}*fnxs mo oxjchs9 h`ga fbx|h mw whu`s`|hl c} ` wj`bb fmbbh|" `cnx|
noh*|amsl" ns bhww" |ah tml|a nf |ah fbx|h m|whbf" tamga mw us`g|mg`bb} `
whjmgmsgbh mo whg|mno F" Fmd/ <=-/ \ah wa`bbnt Lnsmg fbx|modw tm|a
wa`su unmo|w ns `ssmwhw ch|thho |ahj" s`lmg`bb}lmffhsho| fsnj |ahwh
whjmgmsgxb`s fbx|modw" wanxbl ch gnowmlhshl `w ` lmw|mog|mvh fh`|xsh nf
|ah Dshhi Lnsmg gnbxjo/ \ah} `sh mov`sm`cb} xwhl mo jnlhso us`g*
|mgh no`o}
fbx|hl
hq`jubhnf |amw
Nslhs" `b|anxda|ah Mnomg
w}w|hjnf
fbx|mod j`} wnjh|mjhw ch smda|b} xwhl tm|a |ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs/
Gnju`smwno nf Dshhi `ol Snj`o Nslhsw/ Shfhshogh |n |ah
gx| ho|m|bhl #U`s`bbhb nf |ah Nslhsw# Fmd/ 85- tmbb dmvh jnsh ub`mob}
|ah dhohs`b usnuns|mnow nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw" `ol want wnjh|amod nf
|ah lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah Dshhi `ol Snj`o hq`jubhw mo |ah xwh nf
|ah Lnsmg" Mnomg" `ol Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjow/ M| j`} ch xolhsw|nnl
|a`| `bb |ah ub`|hw dmvho `w #Nslhsw"# taho on| wuhgmfmg`bb} o`jhl" `sh
mo|holhl `w shushwho|`|mvh hq`jubhw nf h`ga Nslhs" nf tamga mosh`bm|}
|ahsh j`} ch j`o} tmlhb} lmffhsho|+ hqmw|mod shj`mow/ Mo Fmd/ 85"
|ah |}uhwnf Dshhi Nslhsw nf `sgam|hg|xsh `sh `w |`iho fsnj @wahs
Chok`jmo 9`ol |ah Snj`o Nslhsw `sh |anwh `w dmvho c} Vmdonb`/ M| mw
sh`lmb} whho fsnj |amw fmdxsh |a`| |ah wn*g`bbhl Snj`o Lnsmg" Mnomg" `ol
Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjow thsh lhsmvhl fsnj |ah h`sbmhs Dshhi fnsjw" `ol
|a`| |ah Snj`o v`smh|} nf h`gaw|}bh mw ` gnju`s`|mvhb} lmshg|
dsnt|a fsnj |ah nsmdmo`b" hvho |anxda m| v`smhw fsnj m| mo j`o}hwwho|m`bw/
W}w|hj nf Jh`wxshjho| fns |ah #Nslhs/# M| mw ohghww`s}" mo
nslhs |n `ssmvh `| ` usnuhs gnju`smwno nf |ah Nslhs" |n `lnu| ` dhohs`b
Xom| nf Jh`wxshjho|" tamga tmbb ch |ah Lm`jh|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `|
|ah c`wh" |amw lm`jh|hs" mo |ah Dshhi Nslhsw" chmod lmvmlhl mo|nwmq|}
u`s|w"g`bbhl Jmox|hw" tamga `sh `w nf|ho xwhl |n fnsj |tn Jnlxbhw
nf 75 U`s|w h`ga/ \ah |hsj #lm`jh|hs# taho xwhl `w ` xom| nf
jh`wxshjho|" `bt`}w shfhsw |n |ah lm`jh|hs |asnxda |ah cn||njnf |ah
gnbxjo ns wa`f| lmshg|b} `cnvh |ah jnxblmodw `| |ah c`wh/
\ah lm`jh|hs nf |ah Snj`o gnbxjo mw lmvmlhl mo|n |tn jnlxbhw
`w ` xom| nf jh`wxshjho|/ \ah Snj`o jnlxbh mw wxclmvmlhl mo|n
|thbvh u`s|w fns |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" `ol hmda|hho u`s|w fns |ah Mnomg `ol
Gnsmo|am`o Nslhsw/ \axw h`ga jnlxbh mw hpx`b |n noh*a`bf ` lm`jh|hs9
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d 0 0~ 1
/+
N ? nm ^? G
_00+;
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW =8
`ol |tn jnlxbhw mo |ah Snj`o NslhsMw |ah w`jh xom| `w |ah lm`jh|hs
nfwmq|} jmox|hw mo |ah Dshhi/
@| |ah smda| nf |ah Snj`o `ol `| |ah bhf| nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw no
Fmd/ 85" `sh wanto bmohw j`sihl fns lmvmwmnow mo ahmda|" |ahwh lmvm*
wmnow chmod jxb|mubhw nf |ah lm`jh|hsw `| |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjow/
\ah |ashh Snj`o Nslhsw dmvho `sh `bb nf |ah w`jh lm`jh|hs9 `ol |ah
|ashh Dshhi gnbxjow" tambh b`sdhs `| |ah c`wh |a`o |ah Snj`o hq*
`jubhw" `sh `bwn h`ga nf |ah w`jh lm`jh|hs/ \amwub`|h" `ggnslmodb}"
molmg`|hw |ah gnju`s`|mvh ahmda|" |n noh `on|ahs" nf h`ga nf |ah |ashh
Nslhsw/ Mo |ahDshhi Nslhsw"
m| tmbb
ch on|mghl|a`| |ah
uhlhw|`bmw
njm||hl `w gnowmw|ho|b} `w m| mw mogbxlhl mo |ah Snj`o hq`jubhw/
@f|hscsmhfb} lhwgsmcmod |ah |ashh |}uh*hq`jubhw nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw
wanto mo |amw ub`|h" |ah} tmbb h`ga ch hq`jmohl `ol mbbxw|s`|hl jnsh
u`s|mgxb`sb}/
M| tmbb ch on|mghl |a`| |ah Lnsmg Nslhs mw c} f`s |ah ah`vmhw| mo
cn|a wh|w nf hq`jubhw/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah Lnsmg gnbxjow mw whvho
lm`jh|hsw/ M|w g`u" `cnvh |ah xuuhs bmoh nf ohgimod" mw|ams|}
jmox|hw" ns noh*a`bf ` lm`jh|hs/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn
lm`jh|hsw" |ah `sgam|s`vh chmod fns|}*|tn jmox|hw `ol |ah gnsomgh
|ams|}*wmq jmox|hw mo ahmda|/ Mo |ah Dshhi Lnsmg" |ah `sgam|s`vh `ol
fsmh{h `sh h`ga `cnx| |ashh*fnxs|aw |ah lm`jh|hs mo ahmda|" |ah tanbh
ho|`cb`|xsh chmod |ahshfnsh `cnx| |tn lm`jh|hsw amda/
\ah Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo mw omoh lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" tm|a ` c`wh
|tho|}*fmvh jmox|hw `olg`um|`b |tho|}*hmda| `ol noh*a`bf jmox|hw
amda/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn lm`jh|hsw amda" gnowmw|mod nf `o `sgam*
|s`vh nffns|}*fmvh jmox|hw" fsmh{h nf fns|}*|ashh jmox|hw" `ol gnsomgh
|ams|}*|tn jmox|hw mo ahmda|/
\ah Dshhi Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjo mw |ho lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" |ah c`wh
|tho|}*fmvh `ol |ah g`u whvho|} jmox|hw amda9 |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn
`ol noh*fnxs|a lm`jh|hsw amda" tm|a `o `sgam|s`vh nf fns|}*|ashh
jmox|hw" |ah fsmh{h nffns|} jmox|hw" `ol |ah gnsomgh nf
fmf|}*|tn
jmox|hw moahmda|/
\ah usnkhg|mno nf |ah gnsomghw v`smhw" mo |ah Lnsmg chmod |ams|}*
|ashh jmox|hw" mo |ah Mnomg |ams|}*fnxs jmox|hw" `ol mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o
fns|}*fnxs jmox|hw/
\AH LNSMG NSLHS/
Th fmol mo Hd}u|" `| |ah g`|`gnjcw nf Chom*A`ww`o" |ah snxda"
usmjm|mvh |}uh nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs9`ol m| j`} ch fsnj ahsh |a`| |ah
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=6 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Dshhiw shghmvhl |ahms mowums`|mno/ M| mw wxffmgmho| |n gnju`sh |ah
lhwmdo nf |ah gnbxjo `| Chom*A`ww`o" tamga th j`} g`bb usn*Lnsmg
Fmd/70-" tm|a ` usmjm|mvh fnsj nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg gnbxjo noh
|`iho fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Gnsmo|a" Fmd/ 7=- fns hq`jubh mo nslhs
|n j`ih ub`mo |ah sh`wnow fns |amw `bbhd`|mno/ M| mw |sxh |a`|"
hvho mf |ah Dshhiw cnssnthl |ah mlh` nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs fsnj |ah
Hd}u|m`ow" |ah} |s`owfnsjhl m| c} |ah ga`odhw |ah} j`lh xo|mb m| t`w
dbnsmfmhlmo|n ` |}uh `bjnw| `cwnbx|hb} nsmdmo`b/
\ah nblhw| `ol ah`vmhw| nf |ah |ashh Dshhi Nslhsw t`w |ah Lnsmg"
tamga t`w `bwn" wn f`s `w |ah gnbxjo m|whbf t`w gnoghsohl" |ah wmjubhw|
nf |ahj `bb/ M| gnjcmohw `| |ah w`jh |mjhwnbmlm|}
`ol w|shod|a tm|a
ta`| usnvhl |n ch |ah jnw| wxc|bh `ol lhbmg`|h shfmohjho|w nf nx|bmoh
|a`| `sgam|hg|xsh a`w ionto/ \amw Nslhs j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w shu*
shwho|mod" u`s hqghbbhogh" |ah chw| hffns|w nf |ah Dshhi cxmblhsw/ M| mw
ghs|`mob} shushwho|`|mvhnf |ah jnw| uhsfhg| hqushwwmno nf |ah Dshhi
wumsm|"tamga th fmol mw hqhjubmfmhl hvho c} |ah gxsvh nf |ah hgamoxw
xwhl mo |ahg`um|`b
nf |amw Nslhs/
\ah Dshgm`o Lnsmg Nslhs" wn f`s `w |ah gnbxjo mw gnoghsohl" t`w
ch`x|mfxbb} wmjubh" `ol" `w xwhl c} |ah Gb`wwmg cxmblhsw" `||`mohl `
dsh`| hffhg| nf ds`olhxs `ol lmdom|}/ \amw mw thbb wanto mo |ah \hjubh
nf \ahwhxw" |ah jnw| gnjubh|h shj`mow nf ` Dshhi Lnsmg |hjubh"
tamga mw wanto mo |ah mbbxw|s`|mno Fmd/ 80-/ @w th a`vh whho t`w
o`|xs`b fsnj m|w lhsmv`|mno" on c`wh t`w xwhl tm|a |amw gnbxjo/ \ah
|amgiohww nf m|w wa`f| mo gnju`smwno tm|a m|w ahmda|" `bnod tm|a |ah
ohghww`s} o`ssnt wu`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow" lml on| whhj |n shpxmsh `o}
wxga fh`|xsh/
Lmffhshoghw mo |ah Hq`jubhw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ \ah dsh`|
lmffhshoghw tamga th fmol mo |ah dhohs`b usnuns|mnow `ol u`s|w nf |ah
hqmw|mod hq`jubhw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" ub`mob} want |ah hquhsmjho|w nf
|ah Dshhi `s|mw|w mo |ahms holh`vns |n `ssmvh `| `o mlh`b" ns hvho `
w`|mwf`g|ns}" |}uh fnsj/ \axw th fmol |a`| |ah ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo
m|whbf v`smhw fsnj `cnx| fnxs `ol noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw |n whvholm`jh|hsw"
tambh |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah |nu nf |ah wa`f| v`smhw fsnj wmq*|ho|aw |n
hmda| `ol noh*px`s|hs |ho|aw nf |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh/ Mo dhohs`b"
th fmol |a`| mo |ah h`sbmhs hq`jubhw |ah gnbxjow `sh jxga |amgihs mo
usnuns|mno |n |ahms ahmda|" `ol |a`| |ahsh t`w `bwn jxga jnsh lmffhs*
hogh ch|thho |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh `ol `| |ah ohgi |a`o hqmw|w mo
|anwh nf ` b`|hs l`|h/
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=1 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Nslhs nf |ah U`s|ahono/ \ah Nslhs nf |ah U`s|ahono `| @|ahow
Fmd/ <8" `ol Ub`|h QQQVMM- mw ahbl |n ch |ah jnw| ch`x|mfxb hq`jubh
nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ \ah gnbxjow" tm|anx| ` c`wh" shw| mjjhlm`|hb}
xuno ` w|}bnc`|h gnowmw|mod nf |ashh amda w|huwnf Uho|hbmg j`scbh/
\ah wa`f|" wbmda|b} wthbbmod" a`w |tho|} wa`bbnt fbx|modw" o`ssntmod
ds`lx`bb} fsnj cn||nj |n|nu" `w lnhw |ah gnbxjo m|whbf" `ol whu`s`|hl
c} wa`su hldhw" ns `ssmwhw/ \ah gnbxjo" |nn" mw jnw| uhsfhg| mo lm`j*
h|hs shb`|mno |n ahmda|/
Mo |ah U`s|ahono |ah gnbxjow `sh fmvh `ol `*a`bf lm`jh|hsw" ns
hbhvho
jnlxbhw"mo
ahmda|/\ahwh
usnuns|mnow`sh `bwn |anwh nf |ah
gnbxjow nf |ah \hjubh nf \ahwhxw `ol |ah Lnsmg gnbxjow mo |ah
Usnu}b`h` ns ho|s`ogh |n |ah @gsnunbmw `| @|ahow9 cx| on| `bb |ah hq*
`jubhw nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg ushwho| gnbxjow nf |ah w`jh usnuns|mnow/
Ds`lx`b Ga`odhw mo |ah Usnuns|mnow nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ Th fmol
|a`|" chdmoomod tm|a |ah whvho|a gho|xs} C/ G/" taho |ah gnbxjo wa`f|
t`w w|mbb gbxjw} `ol xognx|a" |ah usnuns|mnow `f|hst`slw dsnt ds`lx*
`bb}jnsh hbhd`o|9 `ol" `| |ah w`jh |mjh |a`| |ah gnbxjow |hol |n*
t`slw ` fnsj jnsh wbholhs" |ah ho|`cb`|xsh dsntw bhww ah`v}/
@jnod |ah |hjubh cxmblmodw" |ah jnw| `ogmho| `sh `bwn |ah gsxlhw|/
\ah ahmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |aho `cnx| |tn*fmf|aw |a`| nf |ah gnbxjo/
@f|hst`slw" `w mo |ah \hjubh nf @|aho` no |ah mwb`ol nf _Hdmo`" |ah
Usnu}bwh`" |ah \hjubh nf \ahwhxw" `ol |ah U`s|ahono" |ah ho|`cb`|xshw
`sh `cnx| noh*|amsl |ah ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo9 tambh mo |ah \hjubh nf
[hxw `| Ohjh`" tamga chbnodw |n |ah gnjjhoghjho| nf |ah lhg`lhogh"
|ah ho|`cb`|xsh ahmda| mw nob} ` px`s|hs nf |ah gnbxjo ahmda|/
Gnbxjo Ho|`wmw/ Mo |ahwh Nslhsw" |ah xuuhs lm`jh|hs mw j`lh
pxm|h gnowmlhs`cb} bhww |a`o |ah bnths lm`jh|hs" `ol |ah gnbxjo
mw #|`uhshl# ns #wthbbhl# mo nx|bmoh/ M| |axw shushwho|w `o mogbmohl
usnfmbhtm|a `o nx|bmoh |`uhsmod ns wthbbmod fsnj |ah bnths |n
|ah xuuhs lm`jh|hs/ \amwusnfmbh
mw dhohs`bb} dmvho ` fnsjwbmda|b}
gxsvhl" lxh |n `o #ho|`wmw# nf |ah jmllbh u`s|"cx| wnjh|mjhw |ah
|tn lm`jh|hsw `sh
knmohl c}
`w|s`mda|
bmoh/ \ah wj`bbhs `olb`sdhs
lm`jh|hsw" `b|anxda v`sm`cbh" a`vh ` ghs|`mo shb`|mno |a`| mw fnbbnthl
mo hvhs} g`wh" ga`odmod |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo `ol sholhsmod m|
jnsh ns bhww gxsvhl/
Mo |ah nbl \hjubh nf Gnsmo|a" |ah lmjmox|mno nf |ah xuuhs u`s|
hpx`bw noh*fnxs|a ` lm`jh|hs9 mo |ah \hjubh nf Unwhmlno `| Uwhw|xj"
m| mw noh*|amsl9 mo |ah \hjubh nf \ahwhxw" |ah U`s|ahono" `ol |ah
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DSHHI7LNSMN@OL MNOMG
UB@\H QQQVMM/@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QQQVMM/-
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|f
MMwH <?
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N n
b!
00
f!U n
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW ==
\hjubh nf [hxw" |tn*omo|aw9 mo |ah \hjubh nf [hxw `| Ohjh`"
noh*fmf|a 9`ol mo |ah Uns|mgn nf Uambmu noh*wmq|a/
\n |s`gh |ah dsnt|a `ol ds`lx`b shfmohjho| nf |ah $usnuns|mnow
nf |ah fmsw| Dshhi Nslhs" m| mw ahbufxb |n a`vh `o mlh` nf |ah gnju`s`|mvh
l`|h `ol gnbxjo lmjhowmnow nf |ah chw| ionto hq`jubhw 9`ol fns |amw
uxsunwh m| chgnjhw ohghww`s} |n shvhs| |n |ah xom| nf |ah jh`wxsh |ah
lm`jh|hs nf |ah gnbxjow `| |ah c`wh/
L@\HW @OL GNBXJO LMJHOWMNOW NF DSHHI LNSMG \HJUBHW/
Hvmlho|b} |ah cxmblhsw shgndom{hl |a`| |ah hffhg| usnlxghl c}
|ahwh fmsw| gnbxjow t`w w|xju} `ol xods`ghfxb/ \ah} fnxol |a`|
|ah} thsh |nn wans| fns |ahms ahmda|" |a`| |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi t`w
jxga |nn wj`bb mo usnuns|mno |n |a`| `| |ah c`wh" `ol |a`| |ah fmsw| xwhl
jnxblmodw thsh xognx|a9`ol |ahwh f`xb|w |ah} `uu`sho|b} wh| |ahj*
whbvhw |n shg|mf}mo wxgghhlmod hq`jubhw/ Wn f`s `w th g`o |s`gh |ah
l`|hw nf |ah Dshhi |hjubh sxmow `bbntmod" nf gnxswh" fns |ah lmffhshogh
mobng`bm|}"
tamga jxw| wnjh|mjhw a`vh ushvho|hl |ah w|xl}" c} |ah
cxmblhsw"
nf
hq`jubhwmo `on|ahs
gnxo|s}|ah
usnuns|mnow
nf |ah
Lnsmg Nslhs want ` gno|moxnxw usndshww |nt`sl |ah uhsfhg|mno |n tamga
m| fmo`bb}`||`mohl mo |ah Dnblho ns Uhsmgbh`o @dh" |ah fmf|a gho|xs}
chfnsh Gasmw|/
\ahns} nf Lhsmv`|mno nf Lnsmg Nslhs fsnj Tnnlho Gnow|sxg|mno/
\ah lh|`mbw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" `ol hwuhgm`bb} nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh"
`sh wxuunwhl |n a`vh chho cnssnthl fsnj |ah |mjchs fs`jmod nf |ah
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055 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
wj`bbhs `ol h`sbmhs cxmblmodw nf |ah Dshhiw" `ol |ahshfnsh |n ch ` gnu}"
mo w|noh" nf |ah fnsjw `ol u`s|w nf ` tnnlho cxmblmod/
M| t`w |ah |ahns} nf Vm|sxvmxw" |ah usmogmu`b `ogmho| tsm|hs xuno
`sgam|hg|xsh" |a`| |ah ds`lx`b wxcw|m|x|mno nf w|noh fns tnnl `w `
cxmblmod j`|hsm`b tnxbl o`|xs`bb} `ggnxo| fns ghs|`mo hbhjho|w mo
tamga tnnl gnow|sxg|mno mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs whhjw |n ch mjm|`|hl mo
w|noh/ Ah w`}w |a`| w|noh gnbxjow |nni |ah ub`gh nf tnnlhounw|w"
`ol |ah fbx|mod nf |ahwh gnbxjow gnsshwunolhl |n |ah ga`jfhsw nf |ah
Fmd/ 83/ Tnnl Gnow|sxg|mno/
\ah w|}bnc`|h" ubmo|a" `ol c`wh" ah lhsmvhw fsnj ` wmbb ns ch`j
no tamga |ah unw|w shw|hl/ \ah g`um|`b mw $jhshb} ` ub`|h ns cbngi"mo|holhl |n wans|ho |ah wu`o nf |ah knmw|w shw|mod xuno |ah unw|w" `ol |n
dmvh |ah knmw|w ` csn`lhs ch`smod xuno |ah unmo|w nf |ahms wxuuns|/ \ah
|smdb}uaw gnsshwunol |n |ah holw nf |ah ghmbmod ch`jw" `ol |ah vnml
wu`ghw ch|thho |ahwh ch`jw `sh |ah jh|nuhw" tamga thsh `| fmsw| bhf|
nuho fns bmda| `ol vho|mb`|mno" `ol tamga thsh fmbbhl mo tm|a lhgns`|hl
wb`cw nob} `| ` b`|hsuhsmnl/
\ah s`f|hsw nf |ah snnfusnkhg|mod ch}nol
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 050
|ah fs`jh nf |ah cxmblmod d`vh |ah wxddhw|mno fns ` gnsomgh" `ol |ah
jx|xbhw nf |ah gnsno` `sh |ah holw nf |ahwh s`f|hsw/
\ah dx||`h ns lsnuw a`vh |ah wa`uh nf umow xwhl mo |ah fs`jmod nf
|mjchs" tambh |ah wbnuh nf |ah snnf m|whbf dmvhw |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah uhlm*
jho|/ \ahwh wxuunwm|mnow `sh on| ch}nol gsm|mgmwj `ol g`o molhhl
ch jh| c} v`bml nckhg|mnow" cx| |ah} `sh `| bh`w| ub`xwmcbh `ol mo|hshw|*
mod" |`iho `b|ndh|ahs/
Chbm||bmod" mo ` t`}" `w |amw hqub`o`|mno whhjw" m| `uuh`sw |n a`vh
a`l dhohs`b `gghu|`ogh xu |n |ah
ushwho| |mjh" `ol a`w chho `|
bh`w| modhomnxwb} wxuuns|hl c}
j`o} |ahnsmw|w |n tanj m| a`w
`uuh`bhl/ \ah |tn gx|w" Fmdw/ 83
`ol 87" molmg`|h |ah unwwmcbh u`s*
`bbhbw mo tnnl `ol w|noh tahshc}
|amw dsnt|a j`} a`vh nggxsshl/
Mo `o} g`wh th jxw| `bbnt |a`|
#|ah w|noh vhswmno mw on| ` jhsh
gnu} nf |ah nsmdmo`b" cx| |a`| m|
a`w chgnjh vhs} amdab} mlh`bm{hl
mo jnw| nf m|w u`s|w/ \ah |sm*
db}uaw `ol jh|nuhw shushwho|
ta`| j`} a`vh chho |ah holw nf
ch`jw `ol |ah wu`ghw ch|thho
|ahj9 `ol |ah jx|xbhw wbnumod
`w |ah} `sh mo jnw| nf |ah Dshhi
hq`jubhw j`} shushwho| |ah holw nf s`f|hsw/ Shfhssmod u`s|mgxb`sb}
|n Fmd/ 83" `ol mj`dmomod |a`| |ah gnbxjo chbnt mw lnoh `t`} tm|a"
`ol |a`| |ah `sgam|s`vh mw jhshb} |ah xuuhs uns|mno nf ` cb`oi w|noh
t`bb" `w mw wanto mo G" Fmd/ 8<" th wa`bb |s} |n fmol `on|ahs `ol jnsh
bndmg`b sh`wno fns |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah fsmh{h `cnvh m|" |a`o |a`| noh
dhohs`bb} `bbnthl/@on|ahs Hqub`o`|mno nf Nsmdmo nf Lnsmg Ho|`cb`|xsh/ Fmsw|" th
jxw| shjhjchs |a`| |ah t`bb chbnt mw nf w|noh" `ol |a`| m| mw xocsniho
c} nuhomodw `w `| 0 G" Fmd/ 8<-/ M| a`w on tmolntw" `w |ah} tnxbl
ch |nn jxga hqunwhl |n |ah mogbhjhogmhw nf |ah th`|ahs/ @gsnww |ah
|nu nf |amw w|noh t`bb mw ub`ghl ` gno|moxnxw c`ol nf gnumod 3 G-" |n
usn|hg| m|w xuuhs wxsf`gh9 `ol xuno |amw `sh wh| ` oxjchs nf wans|"
Fmd/ 87/ W|noh Gnow|sxg|mno/
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053 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
wpx`sh xusmda| unw|wns cbngiw 7 G-" bh`vmod nuhomodw ch|thho |ahj
fns |ah `ljmwwmno nfbmda|
`ol `ms/ \ah ch`jw `ol s`f|hsw nf |ah snnf
`sh wh| mjjhlm`|hb} xuno |ahwh wpx`sh cbngiw < G-" `ol |ah h`vhw nf
|ah snnf nvhsa`od |ah t`bb wn `w |n usn|hg| cn|a m| `ol |ah tmolntw/
\ah s`f|hsw ns jx|xbhw < G-" nf gnxswh" tnxbl o`|xs`bb} gnjh lmshg|b}
nvhs |ah cbngiw ns |smdb}uaw 7 G-" tamga `sh wh| no |ah gnumod ns |whom`
3 G-9 `ol taho |ah unsga nf |ah |hjubh ns cxmblmod mw sh`gahl" |ah
w`jh |sh`|jho| mw gno|moxhl9 nob} ahsh |ah bmo|hb b`ml `gsnww |ah gnb*
xjow chgnjhw |ah `sgam|s`vh mo*
w|h`lnf
|ah xuuhs u`s|nf
` ub`mot`bb/
\amw usnghwwnf lhvhbnujho|
mw fxs|ahs wxuuns|hl c} whvhs`b
cm|w nf mo|hso`b hvmlhogh/ M| tmbb
ch fnxol |a`| |ah f`gh nf |ah
Dshhi |smdb}ua t`w wh| fbxwa ns
mo ub`oh tm|a |ah f`gh nf |ah t`bb
ns `sgam|s`vh chbnt" tambh |ah
f`gh nf |ah jh|nuh t`w wh| c`gi
fsnj |amw wxsf`gh mo nslhs |n lh*
j`silmw|mog|b}
|ah gnsohsw `o`
|sh`|jho| nf |ah |smdb}ua/ \ah
f`g| `cnvh lnhw wnjh|amod |n
wxuuns| |ah `wwxju|mno |a`| |ah
|smdb}ua t`w on| `o nso`jho|
`uubmhl xuno |ah f`gh nf |ah
fsmh{h" cx| t`w s`|ahs `o mjuns*
|`o| w|sxg|xs`b jhjchs mo |ah
wxuuns| nf |ah gnsomgh `ol snnf nvhsah`l/ \amw shghmvhw hvho jnsh
w|smimod gnssncns`|mno mo |ah jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mod |ahwh w|noh
ho|`cb`|xshw/ C} shfhssmod `d`mo |n Fmd/ 8<" |ah whg|mno |asnxda |ah
ho|`cb`|xsh `|C"
`ol |ahub`o |asnxda
|ah fsmh{h mo |ah ho|`cb`|xsh
`| @" `sh cn|a |`iho fsnj |ah U`s|ahono ` b`|h hq`jubh" `w th
a`vh whho `ol |ahwh |tn ls`tmodw shvh`b `| nogh |ah f`g| |a`| |ah
|smdb}ua m|whbf mw |ah jnw| mjuns|`o| w|sxg|xs`b cbngi mo |ah ho|msh
fsmh{h/ \ah wu`gh ch|thho" ns n|ahstmwh |ah jh|nuh" mw fmbbhl `| |ah
fsno| c} ` wa`bbnt u`ohb nf j`scbh wh| mo ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw"`ol
|ah wu`gh chamol m| mw fmbbhl tm|a `on|ahs w|noh tamga lnhw on| hqhs*
Fmd/ 8</ Whg|mnow wantmod H`sb} Tnnl`ol @g|x`b W|noh Gnow|sxg|mno
nf U`s|ahono/ *
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 057
gmwh `o} lmshg| wmdomfmg`ogh xuno |ah gnow|sxg|mno nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh/
@d`mo" m| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`| |ah |smdb}uaw gnjhlmshg|b}
nvhs |ah gnbxjow choh`|a9 `ol |amw f`g|" *`bnod tm|a |ah xwh nf |ah
|smdb}uaw no |ah hq`g| gnsohs ns `odbh mo Dshhi tnsi tahsh wxuuns|
fns |ah tnsi nvhsah`l no cn|a wmlhw nf |ah cxmblmod mw jnw| hwwho|m`b
mw hqub`mohl nob} c} |amw jh|anl nf sh`wnomod/ Nf gnxswh" m| tnxbl ch
jnw| o`|xs`b fns |ah s`f|hsw nf |ah snnf |n ch wu`ghl lmshg|b} nvhs |ahwh
wxuuns|mod cbngiw9 `ol `d`mo `w nggxsw mo |ah fsmh{h chbnt" tahsh noh
|smdb}ua" `| bh`w|" gnjhw nvhs |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah gnbxjow noh
s`f|hs gnjhw mo |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw9 `ol wn th a`vh |ahhbhjho|w ohghww`s} |n usnlxgh |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mg |sh`|jho| nf |ah
Dshhi Lnsmg ho|`cb`|xsh/
Noh n|ahs unmo| wanxbl ch jho|mnohl/ \ah g`svmod |a`| fsh*
pxho|b} nso`jho|w |ah f`gh nf |ah jh|nuh mo j`o} nf |ah Dshhi |hj*
ubhw molmg`|hw c} m|w ga`s`g|hs `on|ahs sh`wno mo wxuuns| nf |amw |ahns}/
\amw g`svmod t`w jnw| fshpxho|b} mo |ah o`|xsh nf |snuamhw ns lhgns`*
|mvh dsnxuw gnjunwhl nf v`smnxw `sjw `ol umhghw nf cnl} `sjns9 `ol
m| whhjw vhs} usnc`cbh |a`| |amww|}bh
nf nso`jho| nsmdmo`|hl fsnj |ah
f`g| |a`| mo h`sbmhs cxmblmodw |amw nuho wu`gh ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw t`w
nf|ho fmbbhl tm|a vn|mvh nffhsmodw nf `sjw |`iho fsnj g`u|mvhw `ol
ub`ghl `snxol |ah |hjubh mo |amw f`wamno/ Wn" taho |amw wu`gh t`w
gbnwhl mo mo b`|hs tnsi" |ah lhgns`|mno nf m|w f`gh c} ` ushwho|jho| nf
|ah |snua} m|whbf tnxbl whhj vhs} o`|xs`b |n |ah cxmblhsw/
@w |ah |hjubhw mogsh`whl mo wm{h" |ah} chg`jh jnsh lmffmgxb| |n
bmda| fsnj |ahwh wj`bb nuhomodw choh`|a |ah gnsomgh" `ol m| chg`jh
ohghww`s} |n nuho ` b`sdh wu`gh mo |ah snnf fns |amw uxsunwh/ M| jxw|
a`vh chho `cnx| |amw |mjh |a`| |ah jh|nuh wu`gh chd`o |n ch hogxj*
chshl tm|a |snuamhw nf `sjns" `ol wnno |ahsh`f|hs m| t`w gbnwhl ho*
|mshb} c} cbngiw nf j`scbh" xo|mb m|w `ogmho| uxsunwh t`w ho|mshb} dmvho
xu `ol lmwshd`slhl/
W|noh Ga`s`g|hs nf Dshhi Cxmblmodw tm|a Lnsmg Nslhs/ Tamga*
hvhs nf |ahwh |ahnsmhw ch |ah jnshoh`sb} gnsshg|"
|ahsh g`och
on
pxhw|mno `w |n |ah jhsm| nf |ah Dshgm`o `sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah b`||hs u`s|
nf |ah 4|a gho|xs} C/ G/ \ah cxmblhsw nf |a`| l`} csnih gnjubh|hb}
tm|a |ah |s`lm|mnow nf |mjchs gnow|sxg|mno tm|a tamga |ah} thsh f`jmbm`s
`ol tanwh wbmda|ohww |ah} jmda| a`vh chho |hju|hl |n mjm|`|h" tahsh`w
|ah} hw|`cbmwahl tm|a sh`b fnsgh `ol gnjubh|h sh`wno`cbhohww |ah
hwwho|m`b usmogmubhwnf ` oht jnlh nf cxmblmod/
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05< W\XL] NU \AH NSLHSW
Fsnj |amw w|`olunmo| |ah jnoxjho|`b tnsiw nf Lnsmg `sgam*
|hg|xsh |a`| `snwh `| |ah hol nf |ah 4|a gho|xs} `ol `| |ah chdmoomod
nf |ah 6|a mo Gnsmo|a" @dsmdho|xj" W}s`gxwh" Whdhw|`" `ol Uwhw|xj"
`sh ch}nol gsm|mgmwj/ C} |ah 8|a gho|xs}" |ah usnuns|mnow a`vh chho
jnlmfmhl" `ol us`g|mghl a`olw `ol h}hw a`vh dmvho |n |ahj dsh`|hs
hbhd`ogh nf lh|`mb `ol jnsh shfmohjho| mo |ah j`ww9 cx| |ah oht w}w|hj
nf gnow|sxg|mno shj`mow xoga`odhl/
\axw t`w fnsjhl mo |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs |ah fmsw| lhvhbnujho|
nf m|w imol" `ol noh |a`| usnvhl |n ch |ah usndhom|ns nf |ah n|ahs wxg*
ghhlmod Nslhsw"`w thbb `w |ah
vhs} chdmoomodnf `sgam|hg|xsh `w `
fmoh `s|/
@f|hst`slw" mo u`s|w nf J`ghlnom` `ol `| Unjuhmm" |ah usnuns*
|mnow nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs `sh `ggho|x`|hl mo |ahms ahmda|9 m| bnwhw |ah
sncxw| `wuhg| `ol w|shod|a nf m|w ga`s`g|hs9 `ol wnno" mo n|ahs `wuhg|w
|a`o |ah wbmjohww nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|" |ah lhg`lhogh" tamga a`w gnj*
jhoghl" chgnjhw jnsh j`omfhw|/
\}uh Fnsj nf Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs/ Ub`|h QQQVMMM lmwub`}w `
|}uh fnsj nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" |ah wg`bh nf u`s|w chmod wanto
`| |ah bnths u`s| nf |ah ub`|h"`ol |ah wm{h nf |ah gnbxjo" mo tml|a" `w
u`s|w `| |ah c`wh/ \ah gnbxjo mw gx| chbnt |ah g`um|`b `ol `cnvh |ah
c`wh" wn `w |n dh| cn|a ho|`cb`|xsh `ol c`wh no |ah u`dh `| ` b`sdh wm{h/
@| |ah smda| nf |ah ub`|h"` whg|mno |asnxda |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw wanto c}
` l`sihs whg|mno bmoh" |n molmg`|h ant |ah wxsf`ghw usnkhg| ch}nol h`ga
n|ahs/ \amw whg|mno mw |ah nx|bmoh |a`| tnxbl ch nc|`mohl mf |ah gns*
omgh thsh gx| |asnxda9 ns m| j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w |ah u`||hso nf |ah
wmlhw nf |ah w|nohw nf tamga |ah Nslhs mw gnjunwhl/ Chwmlh |ah
g`um|`bnf |ah gnbxjo mw |ah ub`o nf |ah xolhswmlh ns wnffm| nf |ah nvhs*
a`odmod gnsomgh" wantmod |ah nso`jho|`|mno fshpxho|b} xwhl `| |ah
gnsohs `odbh `ol |ah bm||bh gmsgxb`s dx||wh tamga `sh wanto mo |ahms
bng`|mno no |ah j`mo hbhv`|mno nf |ah Nslhs/ @| |ah bhf| nf |ah g`u mw
`on|ahs ls`tmod nf |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah g`um|`b `| ` b`sdhs wg`bh/
Mo |ah
hq`jubh
nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs wanto mo Ub`|h QQQ*
VMMM" |ah gnbxjo a`w |tho|} ga`oohbw ns fbx|hw" `w wanto mo ub`o mo
Fmd/ 88" `ol shw|w xuno ` w|}bnc`|hns ub`|fnsj dhohs`bb} gnowmw|mod nf
|ashh amda w|huw/ C} shfhssmod |n Fmd/ 11" `o hbhv`|mno nf |ah Usnu}bwh`
`| @|ahow" |asnxda tamga ho|s`ogh t`w nc|`mohl |n |ah @gsnunbmw
`cnvh" |ah dhohs`b `uuh`s`ogh `ol xwh nf |amw Nslhs tmbb ch whho pxm|h
gbh`sb}/Noh mov`sm`cbh ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nf |amw gnbxjo" tamga mo u`s|
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NFFMGH CXMBLMOD FNS \AH GAMG@DN & ONS\ATHW\HSO S@MBT@] GNJU@O]"
GAMG@DN" MBB/
Fsnw| & Ds`odhs" @sgam|hg|w9 H/ G/ & S/ J/ Wa`oib`ol" Hodmohhsw/
\amw Mbbxw|s`|mno Wantw |ah Jnlhso W|hhb Gnbxjo `ol |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Gnbxjo |ah W|sxg*|xs`b Gnbxjo `ol |ah @uubmhl Gb`wwmg Gnbxjo Wmlh c} Wmlh" |ah Fnsjhs chmod Xwhl Wnbhb} fns
W|sxg|xs`b Uxsunwhw" |ah B`||hs chmod Xwhl W|sxg|xs`bb} mo |ah F`gmod nf Ds`om|h" `ol `bwn
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> " \ / f / *\ " \ / \ " \
UB@\H QQQVMMM/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QQQVMMM/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 058
molmg`|hw m|w jnsh hbhjho|`s} fnsj `w thbb `w m|w lmshg| lhsmv`|mno fsnj
|ah sngi*gx|umhs"
mw |ah `cwhogh nf ` c`wh/ \ah ga`oohbw sxolmshg|b}
lnto" `ol w|nu `d`mow| ns xuno |ah ub`|fnsj ns w|}bnc`|h xuno tamga|ah wa`f| shw|w9 `ol `| |ah |nu |ah} `sh tnsihl nx| `d`mo |n |ah ansm{no*
|`b fmbbh|w ns `ooxbh|w nf |ah g`um|`b/ \ah oxjchs nf |ahwh ga`oohbw
mw `bt`}w hvho/ @w a`w chho w`ml" |ah oxjchs nf |tho|} t`w xwx`bb}
hjubn}hl" `b|anxda mo noh hq`jubh |a`| nf |ah Dsh`| \hjubh `|
Uwhw|xj a`vh chho fnxol gnb*
xjow nf |tho|}*fnxs fbx|hw mo |ah
hq|hsmns nslhs" `ol gnbxjow nf
|tho|} `ol hvho `w fht `w wmq*
|hho fbx|hw mo |ah mo|hsmns/ Cx|
mo |ah chw| hq`jubhw mo @|ahow"
|ah oxjchs mw mov`sm`cb} |tho|}"
tambh |ahms whg|mno mw `bt`}w
whjm*hbbmu|mg`b" ns" mo h`sb} tnsi"
|ah whdjho| nf ` gmsgbh/
\ah Dshhi Lnsmg G`um|`b/
\ah g`um|`b nf |ah Lnsmg nslhs
gnowmw|w nf |tn usmogmu`b u`s|w" `
ub`mo@c`gxw `ol ` jnxblmod nf
shfmohl nx|bmoh |hsjhl `o Hgam:
R
Fmd/ 88/ Jh|anl nf Fbx|mod Dshhi Lnsmg
Gnbxjow/
oxw" tm|a dhohs`bb} |ashh Bmw|hbw ns @ooxbh|w chbnt m|/ \ah `c`gxw"
ns xuuhs jhjchs nf |ah g`u" mw ` ub`mo cbngi" shg|`odxb`s mo
hbhv`|mno" `ol mw |ah nob} jhjchs nf |amw gnbxjo |a`| mw wpx`shmo ub`o/ \ah hgamoxw" ns bnths jhjchs nf |ah
g`um|`b"mw mo
vhs|mg`b whg|mno `bt`}w ` fshha`ol gxsvh/ \amw gxsvh `uusn`gahw
`ohbbmuwh
ns a}uhscnb`" |ah bnths u`s| nf tamga holw mo ` whsmhw nf
fmbbh|w v`s}mod fsnj |tn |n fmvh mo oxjchs/ \ahwh fmbbh|w g`ss} `snxol
chbnt |ah hgamoxw jnxblmod" `ol whu`s`|h |ahg`um|`b
fsnj |ah
ga`oohbhl ohgi ns wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo/ @ ohgimod mw wnjh|mjhw
wxddhw|hl c} whu`s`|mod ` ghs|`mo uns|mnonf |ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah
shj`molhs nf |ah wa`f| c} ` lhhub} wxoi ga`oohb/ \amw wpx`sh
ga`oohb ns wmoi`dh |`ihw |ah ub`gh nf `o `w|s`d`b9 `ol |ah ohgimod nf
|ah gnbxjo g`u mw `bt`}w hm|ahs ub`mons fbx|hl" chmod |sh`|hl |n `dshh
tm|a |ah gnbxjo wa`f|/ \ah |n|`b ahmda| nf |ah Lnsmgg`um|`b mw noh
jnlxbh" ns noh*a`bf |ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh/
Dhohs`b Sxbh fns Ahmda| nf Wa`f|/ \ah usnuns|mno nf |ah ohgimod
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056 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
|n |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo" `w wanto mo |ah nslhs" Ub`|h QQQVMMM" mw `w
<1 u`s|w ns jmox|hw gnju`shl |n 659 tambh |ah ahmda| nf |ah wa`f|"
mogbxlmod |ah g`um|`b" v`smhw mo `ogmho| hq`jubhw" cx|" fns nxs ushwho|
uxsunwh" j`} ch |`iho `w chmod whvho lm`jh|hsw nf |ah gnbxjo" `w
wanto mo Fmd/ 85/ \ah gnbxjo xwhl no |ah U`s|ahono tmbb" c} shfhs*
hogh |n |ah hq`jubh mo Ub`|h QQQVMM" ch fnxol |n ch nob} fmvh `ol
noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" mow|h`l nf |ah whvho lm`jh|hsw tamga a`w
kxw| chho shgnjjholhl/ Cx| |amw `uu`sho| gno|s`lmg|mno mw hqub`mohl
c} |tn f`g|w/ Mo |ah fmsw| ub`gh" |ah gnbxjo nf |ah U`s|ahono mw xo*
lnxc|hlb}
|ah jnw| uhsfhg| |a`| gnxbl ch lhvmwhl fns xwh `w m| mw |ahsh
hjubn}hl mo vhs} b`sdh wm{h `ol xolhs ` tmlh" fb`|" wush`lmod uhlm*
jho| tm|a ` bnod gnbnoo`lh no h`ga sh|xsomod wmlh nf |ah cxmblmod/
Cx| fns jnlhso uxsunwhw" tahsh on wxga ds`olhxs nf wg`bh mwunwwmcbh"
wnjh gnowmlhs`cbh ga`odh mw `lvmw`cbh9 `w |ah gnbxjo tnxbl on| ch
oh`sb} wn b`sdh" m| shpxmshw s`|ahs ` wbholhs `ol ds`ghfxb |a`o ` w|xsl}
wa`f|/ \ah f`g| |a`| |ah gnbxjow tnxbl ch ub`ghl f`s|ahs `u`s| |a`o
mo |ah hq`jubh nf |ah U`s|ahono" `bwn ohghwwm|`|hw |ah `gghu|`ogh nf `
pxm|h lmffhsho| usmogmubh |n dnvhso |ahms gnjunwm|mno" `b|anxda thwanxbl `lahsh lmshg|b} |n |ah dhohs`b Dshhi bmohw" `ol `w fns jnw| uxs*
unwhw |ah Nslhs tnxbl ch shusnlxghl |n*l`} mo tnnl" |amw gnowmlhs`|mno
tnxbl `bwn |hol |n bmda|ho |ah usnuns|mnow `ol hffhg| nf |ah wa`f|/
\ah W|}bnc`|h/ \ah w|huw fnsjmod |ah w|}bnc`|h no tamga |ah
gnbxjo shw|w wanxbl ch ` ghs|`mo usnuns|mno nf m|w lm`jh|hs" `ol h`ga
w|hu wanxbl on| ch bhww mo ahmda| |a`o fmf|hho u`s|w"ns noh*px`s|hs nf
|ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs/ Mo Ub`|h QQQVMMM mw wanto noh nf |ahwh w|huw
`| |ah gnsshg| usnuns|mno `w shd`slw |ah Nslhs `w ` tanbh9 tambh `on|ahs
mow|`ogh nf |ahms gnsshg| xwh mw wanto mo |ah ub`|h mbbxw|s`|mod |ah wj`bb
|hjubh nf Lm`o` Usnu}b`h` `| Hbhxwmw Ub`|h QQQV-/\ah Ho|`cb`|xsh/ @sgam|s`vh/ @cnvh |ah gnbxjo mw ub`ghl
|ah ho|`cb`|xsh" tm|a |ah `sgam|s`vh shw|mod lmshg|b}no |ah `c`gxw nf
|ah g`um|`b M|w bnths lmvmwmno" ns `sgam|s`vh" wanto mo Ub`|h QQQ*
VMMM" mw jhshb} ` ub`mo w|noh bmo|hb b`ml `gsnww `ol xuno |ah wxuuns|mod
gnbxjow `ol g`ss}mod mo m|w |xso |ah fsmh{h/ \amw bmo|hb hpx`bw mo
|amgiohww |ah tml|a nf |ah gnbxjo `| m|w ohgi" `ol ch|thho |ahg`um|`bw
fnsjw ` wnffm| tamga" mo |amw Nslhs" mw bhf| uhsfhg|b} ub`mo/\amw `sgam*
|s`vh mw wn `ss`odhl |a`| |ah knmo|w `bt`}w gnsshwunol tm|a |ah `qhw nf
|ah gnbxjow" hqghu| `| |ah gnbxjo no |ah `odbh tahsh |ahsh mw on
umo| no |ah usmogmu`b f`=`lh/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 054
\ah nob} jnxblmodw no |ah `sgam|s`vh `sh |ah bmw|hb `ol |ah |whom`
tamga gsnto m|" `ol tamga whsvh |n whu`s`|h m| fsnj |ah fsmh{h/ \ah
bmw|hb ns shdxb` mw pxm|h wj`bb" `ol mw xwhl mo wans| whg|mnow nggxssmod
lmshg|b} choh`|a |ah |smdb}uaw mo |ah fsmh{h `cnvh" chmod `bt`}w nf `
bhod|a |n gnsshwunol |n |ah tml|a nf |ah f`gh nf |ah |smdb}ua/ Wmq gno*
mg`b lsnuw ns dx||wh `sh ub`ghl `| shdxb`s mo|hsv`bw choh`|a" `ol a`odmod
fsnj" |ah bmw|hb/
Fsmh{h/ \ah fsmh{h" shw|mod lmshg|b} no |ah |whom` ns `sgam|s`vh"
mw lhgns`|hl c} nso`jho|w |hsjhl \smdb}uaw" |a`| `sh xwhl nob} no
|ah f`ghnf
|ah Lnsmg ho|`cb`|xsh `ol shj`mom|w
jnw| lmw|mog|mvh
fh`|xsh/ \ahwh |smdb}uaw `sh cbngiw" shg|`odxb`s mo wa`uh" `ol nf `
ahmda| mo usnuns|mno |n |ah tml|a nf |ah gnbxjo" wu`ghl hvhob} `bnod
|ah f`gh nf |ah fsmh{h" `ol a`vmod |ahms f`ghw g`svhl tm|a |tn uhs*
uholmgxb`s" mogmwhl ga`oohbw ns wmoi`dhw" V*wa`uhl mo whg|mno9 `ol |tn
a`bf*ga`oohbw no |ah gnsohs hldhw sxoomod fsnj |ah |nu nf |ah |whom`
|n kxw| chbnt |ah bnthw| jhjchs nf |ah gnsomgh" tahsh |ah} `sh w|nuuhl"
ns `d`mo tnsihl nx| |n |ah wxsf`gh nf |ah |smdb}ua/ \ahwh ga`oohbw
mjm|`|h |ah gx||mod nf |ah holw nf tnnlho ch`jw shw|mod xuno |ah
|s`owvhswh `sgam|s`vh ns bmo|hb/ Dhohs`bb} |ah tml|a nf |ah |smdb}uaw
mw vhs}oh`sb} hpx`b |n noh*a`bf |ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh" `ol |ah}
hq|hol mo ahmda| fsnj |ah |nu nf |ah |whom` |n |ah cn||nj nf |ah bnthw|
jhjchs nf |ah gnsomgh" tamga mw csniho `snxol |n shghmvh |ahj/ \ah
shdxb` `ol lhuholho| dx||wh a`od no |ah f`gh nf |ah `sgam|s`vh chbnt"
`ol mo bmoh tm|a |ah |smdb}uamo hvhs} g`wh/ \ahwh dx||wh `sh u}s`jml`b
ns gnomg`b*wa`uhl cbngiw ns lsnuw shushwho|mod hm|ahs uns|mnow nf |ah
h`sb} tnnlho gnow|sxg|mno" ns |ah} j`} a`vh chho wxddhw|hl c} lh*
uholho| lsnuw nf t`|hs/
Lmwunwm|mno nf |ah \smdb}uaw mo |ah Fsmh{h/ M| mw mo|hshw|mod |n
|`ih wnjh `ggnxo| nf |ah j`oohs mo tamga |ahwh |smdb}uaw `sh ub`ghl
mo |ah fsmh{h/ Dhohs`bb} |ah} nggxs `cnvh h`ga gnbxjo `ol mo |ah
jmllbh nf |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah gnbxjow whh Fmd/ 81 `ol Ub`|h QQQ*
V- 9
cx| mo `bb Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh |ahsh mw `ohqghu|mno
mo |ahmsub`gmod
no |ah `odbh nf |ah cxmblmod" tahsh |ah} `sh csnxda| nx| |n |ah hq|shjh
hldh" wn |a`| |ah shwuhg|mvh gnsohs |smdb}uawno |ah |tn wmlhw gnjh
|ndh|ahs ns jm|hs" no |ah `odbh" wantmod noh gnjubh|h |smdb}ua no
h`ga wmlh nf |ah cxmblmod" cx| cn|a unwwhwwmod |ah gnsohs a`bf*ga`oohb
mo gnjjno/ Hqghu| no |ah gnsohs nf |ah cxmblmod" `w wanto mo Ub`|h
QQQVMMM" |ah |smdb}uaw nggxs lmshg|b}nvhs |ah gho|hs bmoh nf |ah gnb*
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051 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
xjow ns nvhs |ah wu`ghw choh`|a" `w tmbb ch wanto jnsh hq`g|b} mo
|`imod xu |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw/ @w ` shwxb| nf
ub`gmod |ah gnsohs |smdb}ua" on| nvhs |ah jmllbh nf |ah gnbxjo cx| no|ah hq|shjh `odbh nf |ah fsmh{h" |ah ohq| |smdb}ua lnhw on| nggxs nvhs
|ah gho|hs nf |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ahwh |tn gnbxjow" cx| mw ub`ghl
hpx`bb} lmw|`o| ch|thho |ah |tn ohmdacnsmod |smdb}uaw/\amw lmwun*
wm|mno" mf |ah wu`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow chbnt shj`mow |ah w`jh" ohghww`smb}
dmvhw |ah |tn b`w| jh|nuhw ` lmjhowmno lmffhsho| fsnj |ah n|ahsw/ Cx|"
c} wbmda|b} `b|hsmod |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf |ah gnbxjow |a`| nggxs no
|ah
`odbh
nf |ahcxmblmod"
`olj`imod
|ahj ` bm||bh oh`shs|ndh|ahs
|a`o |anwh no |ah shw| nf |ah gnbnoo`lh" |ah mohpx`bm|} g`o ch wn lmw*
|smcx|hl |a`| m| tmbb on| ch ncwhsvhl/ \ah gnbxjo `| |ah `odbh mw wnjh*
|mjhw ah`vmhs `ol jnsh w|snodb} mogbmohl |nt`sl |ah mo|hsmns nf |ah
cxmblmod mo nslhs |n `wwmw| mo sholhsmod |ahwh msshdxb`sm|mhw bhww `uu`sho|"
`ol `bwn mo u`s| |n gnofnsj tm|a |ah b`tw nf ngxb`sw|`cmbm|}
`ol wn
j`ih ` ch||hs hffhg| xuno |ah h}h/ \ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw"
`bt`}w wpx`sh" mw g`bbhl |ah Jh|nuh" `ol mo j`o} nf |ah Dshhi |hjubhw
t`w lhgns`|hl tm|a wgxbu|xsh mo shbmhf" tanwh hq|shjh f`gh t`w oh`sb}
mo ub`oh tm|a |ah f`gh nf |ah fsmh{h/
\ah ub`gmod nf |ah |smdb}uaw lmshg|b}no |ah gnsohs" `ol |ah shghww*
mod nf |ah jh|nuh f`ghw mo nslhs |n a`vh |ah |smdb}ua f`gh mo ub`oh tm|a
|ah `sgam|s`vh f`gh" `sh |tn lmw|mog|mvh gxw|njw nf Dshhi xw`dh |a`|
`sh `| v`sm`ogh tm|a |ah b`|hs Snj`o hq`jubhw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs9
`b|anxda |ahsh mw on u`s`bbhb g`wh" wn f`s `w |ah gnsohs |sh`|jho| mw
gnoghsohl" mo sh`b Snj`o tnsi/Gnsomgh/ @cnvh |ahwh |smdb}uaw `ol jh|nuhw" `ol csh`imod
`snxol |ahj" sxow ` wj`bb c`ol `ol ` fmbbh|" `cnvh tamga nggxsw |ah
shw| nf |ah Lnsmg ho|`cb`|xsh" gnjunwhl nf |tn u`s|w" ` chl*jnxbl `ol
gnsno`" |ah usmogmu`b noh chmod |ah gnsno`" whsvmod" `w th a`vh `bsh`l}
w`ml" |n |asnt |ah t`|hs |a`| f`bbw xuno |ah snnf |n ` ghs|`mo lmw|`ogh
fsnj |ah fnn| nf |ah hlmfmgh/ \amw gnsno` tamga" chg`xwh nf m|w xwh"
mw |ah jnw| hwwho|m`b jhjchs nf |ah gnsomgh mw `w|snodb} usnkhg|mod
u`s|" `ol mw `ggnju`omhl no m|w xolhs wmlh c} ` whsmhw nf mogbmohl
jx|xbhw nf |ah w`jh tml|a `w |ah |smdb}uaw/ \ahwh jx|xbhw `sh ub`ghl
lmshg|b}nvhs h`ga |smdb}ua" `ol a`vh mo |xso dx||wh dhohs`bb} hmda|hho
mo oxjchs `ss`odhl mo |ashh sntw nf wmq dx||wh h`ga lhuholmod fsnj
|ahms wnffm|w" |ah dx||wh chmod mov`sm`cb} snxol mo ub`o `ol gnju`s`|mvhb}
wa`bbnt mo lhu|a/ Ngg`wmno`bb}|ah wu`gh ch|thho |ahwh jx|xbhw `ol
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 05=
nvhs |ah jh|nuh mw bhf|ub`mo" ns m| mw wnjh|mjhw u`ohbhl" tambh mo n|ahs
g`whw `on|ahs jx|xbh mw mowhs|hl
lmshg|b}
nvhs |ah gho|hs nf |ah
jh|nuhchbnt/ Ngg`wmno`bb}" |anxda jnsh
s`shb}"|ahsh `sh mow|`oghw tahsh
|ah dx||wh `ol shdxb` chbnt |ah |whom` `sh `bwn ub`ghl choh`|a |amw
mo|hsunb`|hl jx|xbh `ol chbnt |ah ub`mo wu`gh nf |ah jh|nuh/ Mo |ah
hq`jubh nf |ah Nslhs wanto mo Ub`|h QQQVMMM" |ahwh jx|xbhw `sh
wanto tm|a hmda|hho dx||wh" `w j`} ch whho mo |ah wj`bb ub`o nf |ah
wnffm| ls`to `| |ah smda| nf |ah gnbxjo/ \ah jx|xbhw |ahjwhbvhw mo
Dshhi tnsi `sh dhohs`bb} wbnumod/ \ah ub`o nf |amw gnsomgh wnffm| `bwn
wantw |ah |sh`|jho| no |ah gnsohs `odbh" tahsh |ah wpx`sh wu`gh bhf|
ch|thho |ah |tn jx|xbhw mw g`svhl" dhohs`bb} `f|hs |ah f`wamno wanto
mo |amw hq`jubh/
\ah gnsno` mw wxsjnxo|hl c} ` whu`s`|mod jnxblmod |a`| mw fnxol
`d`mo `gsnww |ah uhlmjho|9 tambh gsntomod `bb mw |ah dx||hs" |ah f`gh
nf tamga dhohs`bb} fnsjw |ah g}j` nf |ah gnsomgh9 `ol |amw hq|hsmns
f`gh mw nf|ho|mjhw lhgns`|hl tm|a |ah ah`lw nf bmnow" fsnj tanwh nuho
jnx|aw wunx|w |ah t`|hs hwg`umod fsnj |ah snnf/ \ah g}j` mw sh*
uh`|hl no |ah wbnumod gnsomghw nf |ah uhlmjho|" cx| |ah bmnow$ ah`lw"
a`vmod onx|mbm|}"
`sh ahsh njm||hl/
\ah jnxblmodw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs `sh ohvhs dmvho wgxbu|xshl
nso`jho|w/
DSHHI JNXBLMODW
\ah v`smnxw lmvmwmnow nf `o Nslhs `sh `lnsohl tm|a jnxblmodw
usnkhg|mod ch}nol |ah f`gh nf |ah u`s|w |n tamga |ah} `sh `uubmhl/
\ah} v`s} wnjhta`| mo wa`uh" nso`jho|`|mno" `ol oxjchs" mo |ah
lmffhsho| Nslhsw/ \ahsh mw jnsh lmffhshogh mo |amw u`s|mgxb`s ch|thho
|ah Lnsmg `ol Mnomg Nslhsw" |a`o ch|thho |ah Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o/
\ah usmogmu`b Dshhi jnxblmodw `sh mbbxw|s`|hl mo Fmd/ <6" `ol
tmbb ont ch lhwgsmchl/ \ahfmbbh| ns
bmw|hb"` o`ssnt fb`|
jnxblmod@-" mw whblnj xwhl `bnoh" `ol dhohs`bb} tm|a ` b`sdhs jnxblmod/
Taho |ah fmbbh| csn`lhow nx|" m| chgnjhw ` f`wgm`" ` o`jh jnsh usnu*
hsb} `uubmhl |n |ah whvhs`b ub`mo f`ghw gnjusmwmod |ah `sgam|s`vh M-/
\ah `w|s`d`b G- mw |ah o`jh nf ` wj`bb jnxblmod tanwh nx|bmoh
mw ` a`bf*gmsgbh/ @ b`sdh `w|s`d`b mw g`bbhl ` |nsxw N-/ Mo nslmo`s}
xwh |ah ah`v} jnxblmod `| |ah c`wh nf `o Mnomg ns Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjo
mw ` |nsxw" tambh |ah bmda| jnxblmod whu`s`|mod |ah wa`f| fsnj |ah ohgi*|ah
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005 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Hgamoxw H- mw |ah o`jh_f ` jnxblmod tanwh nx|bmoh mw wnjhta`|
bmih |ah whdjho| nf `ohbbmuwh/
Mo Snj`o tnsi |ah hgamoxw mw lhc`whl
|n ` px`s|hs*snxol I- mo whg|mno" ls`to tm|a `o hq`g| px`s|hs*gmsgbh/
\ah gnvh L- mw ` gnog`vh jnxblmod tanwhusnfmbh mw |ah `sg nf `
gmsgbh ns nf `ohbbmuwh/
\ah wgn|m` B- mw ` gnog`vh jnxblmod tanwh nx|bmoh mw ` gnvh/
\amw jnxblmod mw dhohs`bb} xwhl ch|thho |tn |nsxwhw `| |ah c`wh nf
|ah gnbxjo/
\ah g}j` F- a`w `o nx|bmoh gnjunwhl nf ` ggog`vh `cnvh `ol `
gnovhq chbnt9 m| j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w gnjunxolhl nf ` gnvh `ol `
px`s|hs*snxol/
\ah ndhh C- mw |ah shvhswh nf |ah g}j`" gnovhq `cnvh `ol
gnog`vh chbnt ns" `w m| thsh" ` px`s|hs*snxol `cnvh ` gnvh/
\ah gnsno` D- mw |ah |hsj `uubmhl |n |ah xuuhs usnkhg|mod u`s|
nf ` gnsomgh" ch|thho |ah gsntomod jnxblmod ns g}j` `ol |ah bnths
hldh ns wnffm| nf |ah usnkhg|mno 9m|w usmogmu`b uxsunwh mw |n wahl s`mo
t`|hs ch}nol |ah f`gh nf |ah t`bb/ \ah xolhswmlh nf ` gnsno` mw
|hsjhl |ah wnffm| A-/
@ ga`s`g|hsmw|mg Dshhi whg|mno mw |a`| wanto `| J |ah ch`i:
jnxblmod wn*g`bbhl tahsh |ah jhjchs mw lhhub} xolhsgx| fns |ah
uxsunwh nf fnsjmod `lsmu/
Jx|xbhw `ol|smdb}uaw" lmw|mog|mvh u`s|w nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs
nob}"
tmbb ch lhfmohl jnsh |ansnxdab} b`|hs no taho lmwgxwwmod |a`| Nslhs/
@bb |ahwh jnxblmodw j`} ch molhfmom|hb} v`smhl |n wxm| |ahms bng`|mno
`ol uxsunwh/ \ah} j`} a`vh jnsh ns bhww wa`suohww nf nx|bmoh" jnsh
ns bhww usnkhg|mno" `ol mov`sm`cb} lhsmvh |ahms hffhg| wnbhb}fsnj |ah
ub`} nf bmda|`ol wa`lh xuno |ahms wxsf`ghw/ \ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b
ga`s`g|hs mw lh|hsjmohl hvho jnsh c} |ah shfmohjho|" |a`o c} |ah
wa`suohww ns fb`|ohww" nf |ahms nx|bmoh/ C} gnjcmo`|mno mo lmffhsho|
dsnxuw" th nc|`mo ` cnl} nf jnxblmodw tanwh nx|bmoh tmbb a`vh `
ga`s`g|hs
lhuholmod
no |ah
dsh`|hs
ns bhww
usnkhg|mno
nf |ah lmffhsho|
jhjchsw xwhl mo |ah gnjunwm|mno/ Wa`su nx|bmohw shwxb| fsnj j`sihl
usnkhg|mnow9cbxo| nx|bmohw" fsnj wbmda| usnkhg|mnow9 `ol #bmju# nx|*
bmohw `sh |ah shwxb| nf ` gnjunwm|mno mo tamga `bb |ah jnxblmodw `sh
nf hpx`b mjuns|`ogh/ @ggnslmodb}" mo `sgam|hg|xs`b lhwmdo" |ah w|xl}
nfusnfmbh
tm|a shd`sl |n |ah `g|mno nf bmda| `ol wa`lh `gsnww m|w wxsf`gh
mw nf |ah x|jnw| mjuns|`ogh9 `ol |ah xwh nf jnxblmodw mw fxs|ahs gnj*
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UB@\H QQQMQ/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bbwm{h
nf Uns|fnbmnUb`|h
QQQMQ/-
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003 W\XL] NU \AH NSLHSW
\ahwh jnxblmodw `sh nf ` fmohohww |a`| shpxmshw |ahms hqhgx|mno
mo |ah fmohw| j`|hsm`bw" mo tamga `bnoh |ah} g`o ch gx| tm|a `o} lhdshh
nf shfmohjho| `ol |sx|a/ \amw gx||mod" |nn" shpxmshw ` wimbb `ol g`sh
no |ah u`s| nf |ah tnsij`o |a`| j`} ch `||`mohl |n*l`} nob} xolhs |ah
jnw| hqghu|mno`b gnolm|mnow `ol `| dsh`| usnuns|mno`b hquhowh/ H`ga*
cm| nf lh|`mb ns jnxblmod wanxbl ch usnlxghl tm|a |ah x|jnw| hq`g|m*
|xlh fsnj wnjh g`shfxb w|xl} nf |ah nsmdmo`b Dshhi fnsj/ \ah bh`w|
ahwm|`|mno mo |nxga ns g`shbhwwohww mo a`olbmod jxw| shwxb| mo ` lhfmom|h
cbhjmwa/
Lhgns`|mno nf Jnxblmodw/ M| tmbb `bt`}w ch on|hl |a`| ghs|`mo
jnxblmodw chwuh`i ghs|`mo lhfmom|h `ol ga`s`g|hsmw|mg g`svhl ns u`mo|hl
nso`jho|w/ Mo Ub`|h QB `sh wanto wnjh Dshhi jnxblmodw tm|a |ah
usnuhs `ggnju`o}mod nso`jho|w tamga |ah Dshhi wgxbu|nsw lhvmwhl
|n hosmga `ol mogsh`wh |ah hffhg| nf |ah lmffhsho| jnxblmod whg|mnow/
\ah fm|ohww nf |ah nso`jho| |n hjua`wm{h mo `bb g`whw |ah gno|nxs nf |ah
jnxblmod whg|mno" wanxbl ch hwuhgm`bb} on|mghl/ M| lnhw on| gnofxwh
`ol amlh |ah
jhjchs`w ` tanbh `| |ah
hquhowhnf |ah wa`lnt hffhg|
tamga m|w gno|nxs mw lhwmdohl |n usnlxgh" `w mw nf|ho |ah g`wh mo b`|hs
Snj`o tnsi9 cx| mo h`ga mow|`ogh |ah ub`gmod nf wa`lnt no |ah g`svhl
jhjchs ahbuw |n `ggho| `ol mogsh`wh" fns |ahwuhg|`|ns" |ah nx|bmoh
hffhg| nf |ah gnjubh|h jnxblmod/
@| I" B `ol O `sh wanto v`smnxw jnlmfmg`|mnow nf |ah thbb*ionto
Dshhi fsh|" ns c`ol nso`jho|/ \amw nso`jho| mw xwhl mo ` dsh`|
v`smh|}
nf fnsjw" `ol" `w
hjubn}hl c}
|ah Dshhiw
xuno ub`mowxsf`ghw"
jxw| ch gnowmlhshl |ah jnw|uhsfhg|
lhgns`|mno |a`| a`w hvhs chho
hvnbvhl fsnj |ah xwh nf ` dhnjh|smg`b fmdxsh gnjunwhl wnbhb} nf smda|*
`odbhl bmohw/
\ah dxmbbngah" ns tnvho:c`ol jnxblmod" wanto `| N" `w thbb `w
|ah wmjubhs fnsj `| J" `bwn hjcnlmhw ` lmw|mog|mvh Dshhi jh|anl nf
hosmgamod ` fb`| nswbmda|b}
gxsvhl c`ol" tambh |ah w`jh lhwmdo mw fsh*
pxho|b} hjubn}hl no |ah |nsxw jnxblmod G-/
\ah wn*g`bbhl sxoomod lnd ns Vm|sxvm`o t`vh jnxblmod wanto
nvhs |ah dxmbbngah `| J" mw `bwn ` |}umg`b Dshhi lhgns`|mvh nso`jho|"
`ol mw xwhl mo jxga |ah w`jh j`ohs `w mw |ah fsh|/ @| U `ol P `sh
wanto |tn uns|mnow nf |ah u`bjh||h ns anoh}wxgibh `ol `isn|hs
nso`jho|" gnowmw|mod nf |tn `b|hso`|mod ub`o| fnsjw gnoohg|hl c}
wgsnbbw/ \ahwh hq`jubhw `sh |`iho fsnj |ah umb`w|hs `ol gnbxjo
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NSO@OHO\HL*JNVBLMODW
UB@\H QB/@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QM+-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 007
fsmh{hw nf |ah Hshga|ahxj `| @|ahow/ \amw lhwmdo mw fshpxho|b} xwhl
no ` gsntomod g}j` jnxblmod nf b`sdh wm{h C-/
\ah hdd:`ol:l`s| jnxblmod M- mw ` wxgghwwmno nf shuh|m|mnow
nf fnsjw lhsmvhl fsnj |ah hdd `ol |ah `ssnt" `ol mw ` ga`s`g|hsmw|mg
lhgns`|mno nf |ah hgamoxw ns px`s|hs*snxol/
Ch`lw" ns shhbw `ol ch`lw`b|hso`|mod wmodb} ns mo dsnxuw" `sh
|ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nso`jho| nf |ah `w|s`d`b @" G" L-/
\ah bh`f:`ol:l`s| D" K" t`|hs ub`o| `ol `ssntw- mw`uubmhl
|n |ah ndhh/
MNOMG NSLHS
Nsmdmo nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/ Vhs} unwwmcb}" `| `cnx| |ah w`jh
|mjh `w |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo t`w wbntb} lhvhbnumod fsnj |ah sngi*gx|
umhs"|ah xwh nf |shh |sxoiw fns wxuuns| a`l wxddhw|hl ` gmsgxb`s
|`uhsmod
fnsj nf ` gnbxjo |n |anwh o`|mnow tan hshg|hl |ahms cxmblmodw nf tnnl/
M| mw vhs} bmihb}|a`| |ah h`sb} gnbxjow thsh fmsw| xwhl `w ` fnsj nf
o`|xsh tnswamu" mo tamga g`wh |ahms lhsmv`|mno fsnj |ah |shhw tnxbl
vhs} o`|xs`bb} g`xwh |ahj |n ch hjubn}hl u`s|mgxb`sb} mo |hjubhw/
Th iont |a`| noh fnsj nf Hd}u|m`o gnbxjo t`w jnlhbhlgbnwhb}
xuno |ah u`bj |shh/ Th a`vh `bsh`l} whho mo Hd}u| |ah chdmoomodw nf
|ah Lnsmg gnbxjo" `ol th wa`bb wnno fmol mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o `on|ahs
fnsj |a`| j`} a`vh chho hm|ahs cnssnthl fsnj ns wxddhw|hl c} Hd}u*
|m`o ushghlho|/ Wn m| mw |a`|" fns |ah nsmdmo`b nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs" th
jxw| dn c`gi |n |ah |shh" kxw| `w th a`vh |n |ah sngi*gx| umhs fns |ah
Lnsmg/ Hvhs}|amod unmo|w |n |amw |ah bmda|ohww `ol ds`gh nf |ah
gnbxjo m|whbf9 m|w ho|`wmw" tamga oh`sb} `uusnqmj`|hw |ah o`|xs`b
lmjmox|mno nf |ah |sxoi nf |ah dsntmod |shh9 `w thbb `w |ah wmjubh
ho|`cb`|xsh nf jnxblhl jhjchsw" `bb sxoomod ansm{no|`bb} `ol `|
smda| `odbhw |n |ah uhsuholmgxb`s bmohw nf |ah gnbxjo/ \amw Nslhs mw
`w hvmlho|b} lhvhbnuhl fsnj |ah tnnlho cxmblmodw nf |ah ub`mow `w |ah
h`sbmhs Nslhs t`w fsnj |ah sngi g`vhw nf |ah ambbw9 `ol" mo `l`u|mod m|
|n xwh mo w|noh" jxga nf m|w ga`s`g|hs t`wushwhsvhl/
Hwwho|m`b Lmffhshoghw ch|thho Mnomg `ol Lnsmg Nslhsw/ \ah
Mnomg Nslhs chmod ` b`|hs dsnt|a |a`o |ah Lnsmg" mw jxga jnsh dho*
hs`bb} ds`ghfxb mo m|w usnuns|mnow" `ol hvho |ah h`sb} hq`jubhw ln on|
want |ah gbxjw} usnghwwhw nf dsnt|a |n |ah hq|ho| |a`| th a`vh fnxol
mo |ah w|xl} nf |ah ushghlmod Nslhs/ Hm|ahs |ahwh hq`jubhw a`vh chho
lhw|sn}hl" ns" ta`| mw pxm|h `wbmihb}"
|ah Dshhi `s|mw|w `l`u|hl |ahms
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00< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
hquhsmhoghmo lhvhbnumod |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo" lmshg|b} |n |amw jnsh lhbm*
g`|h fnsj/ @| `o} s`|h" th fmol |a`| `bb |ah hq`jubhw shj`momod mo
Dshhgh j`} `bjnw| ch gnowmlhshl `w uhsfhg| |}uhw/ \ah dsh`|hw|
oxjchs nf hq`jubhw nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs `sh fnxol mo @wm` Jmons" `ol
`sh dhohs`bb} nf bhww v`bxh `ol nf ` b`|hs l`|h/
\ah jnw| j`sihl ga`odh |n ch on|mghl mw |a`| hvmlhoghl mo |ah
ho|`cb`|xsh m|whbf" tahsh th fmol |a`| `bb |ah nso`jho|w mo |ah fsmh{h
`ol wnffm| nf |ah gnsomgh" tamga ga`s`g|hsm{h wn lmw|mog|b} |ah Dshhi
Lnsmg Nslhs" a`vh chho lnoh `t`} tm|a" `ol |a`| cn|a wu`ghw `sh ont
bhf|
ub`mo/
\ah ho|msh ho|`cb`|xsh ont gnowmw|w nf
wmjubh"ansm{no|`b
jnxblmodw wxga `w tnxbl ch jnw| `uusnusm`|h |n |ah o`|xsh nf tnnl/
\amw ho|`cb`|xsh mw `cnx| |ah w`jh usnuns|mno mo shb`|mno |n m|w gnbxjo
lm`jh|hs `w mw |ah Lnsmg" chmod |tn lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|/ \ah gnbxjo
chmod amdahs |a`o |ah Lnsmg" m|w hffhg| mw" nf gnxswh" jxga bmda|hs `ol
jnsh ds`ghfxb" \ah `sgam|s`vh mw vhs} amda `ol nf|ho ho|mshb} ub`mo"
tambh |ah gnsomgh mw bnt mo ahmda|/ \amw |asntw |ah fsmh{h `cnvh |ah
unwm|mnom| nslmo`smb} nggxumhw mo |ah ho|`cb`|xsh ` fh`|xsh `bwn
fnxol" mo f`g|" mo |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" `b|anxda tm|a ` lmffhsho|
hffhg|/
\ah ga`s`g|hsm{`|mno nf |ah fmsw| |tn Dshhi Nslhsw" `w dmvho c}
Vm|sxvmxw" mw wxddhw|mvh/ Mo wuh`imod nf |ah nsmdmo nf |ah Nslhsw" ah
w|`|hw |a`| |ah Lnsmg shusnlxghw |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah cnl} nf ` j`o"
tambh |ah Mnomg `||hju|w |n hpx`b |ah ds`ghfxb usnuns|mnow nf ` tnj`o"
`ol wn ah dmvhw |ah ahmda| nf hmda| lm`jh|hsw |n |ahwh Mnomg gnbxjow/
Fnbbntmod |ah w`jh `x|ans" |ah c`wh" tamga fmsw| `uuh`sw tm|a |ah
Mnomg gnbxjo" shushwho|w |ah ls`uhs} nf |ahtnj`o$w bnod dnto d`|ahshl
`snxol |ah fhh|9 `ol |n fxs|ahs fnbbnt nx| wxga ` f`og} |ah vnbx|hw
nf |ah g`um|`b j`} wxddhw| wnjh jh|anlw nf lnmod xu |ah a`ms" tambh
|ah ga`oohbw nf |ah wa`f| j`} |}umf} |ah bnod" a`odmod fnblw nf |ah
tnj`o$w d`sjho|w/
\ah numomno nf Vm|sxvmxw mw shusnlxghl ahsh" jnsh fns m|w v`bxh
mo
w|snodb} lhj`simod|ah lmffhshogh mo ga`s`g|hs |a`|
`g|x`bb}
hqmw|w
ch|thho |ahwh |tn Nslhsw/ \ah Lnsmg Nslhs mw |ah o`|mno`b Nslhs nf
|ah Lnsmg s`gh w|snod" vmdnsnxw" `ol `xw|hsh9 mo m|w wmjubmgm|} nf
lh|`mb" mo m|w b`gi nf lhgns`|mno `ol wgxbu|xshl jnxblmod" m| hqushwwhw
on| wn jxga ch`x|}" `w vmdns" mo `bb |ah fxbb" sncxw| uhsfhg|mno nf Dshhi
j`oannl/ No |ah gno|s`s}" |ah Mnomg Nslhs lmwub`}w jnsh nf shfmoh*
jho| `ol hbhd`ogh9 |ah nso`jho|w `sh `bmih jnsh v`smhl `ol nf
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 008
dsh`|hs smgaohww9 m| chgnjhw |ah o`|mno`b nslhs nf |ah bnom`ow" `ol `g*
pxmshwmo |ahms a`olw" mo Dshhgh mo |ah gho|xs} nf Uhsmgbhw" `ol mo @wm`
tm|a Uamlm`w" |ah amdahw| lhdshh nf ds`gh `ol uhsfhg|mno/
M| mw wmjubhs" anthvhs" |n shjhjchs |a`| tambh |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo
shushwho|w |ah |sh`|jho| nf ` w|noh fnsj nsumhs"
|ah Mnomg" ` bmda|hs
lhvhbnujho|" t`w jnshlmshg|b} mowumshl c} |ah |shhw `ol h`sb} snxol
tnnlho wa`f|w" `ol t`w fmsw| shusnlxghl mo w|noh `| ` uhsmnl taho |ah
tnsijho a`l `gpxmshl wxffmgmho| wimbb mo tnsimod a`slhs j`|hsm`bw |n
ushwhsvh wnjh|amod nf |ah ds`gh `ol bmda|ohww nf |ah nsmdmo`b/
Lhwgsmu|mno nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs" `ol V`smnxw Hq`jubhw/ \ahDshhi Mnomg Nslhs mw wxuunwhl c} wnjh |n a`vh gnjh fsnj |ah H`w|"
mo |ah vmgmom|}nf @ww}sm` `ol Uhswm`/ Wnjh `x|ansm|mhw gb`mj |a`| m|
t`w xwhl mo m|w ushwho| fnsj fmsw| mo |ah mwb`ol nf Mnom`" tahogh m|w
o`jh/ \ah gnbxjo a`w ` c`wh" `ol ` g`u tm|a ga`s`g|hsmw|mg wums`b*
wa`uhl nso`jho|w/ \ah gnbxjo mw hmda| ns omoh |mjhw m|w lm`jh|hs"
mo ahmda|" tm|a" `w ` sxbh" 3< fbx|modw/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh gnowmw|w nf |ah
`sgam|s`vh" tamga a`w |ashh f`wgm`w `ol ` gsntomod jhjchs9 |ah fsmh{h"
ub`mons wnjh|mjhw lhgns`|hl tm|a ` gno|moxnxw wgxbu|xshl c`w*shbmhf9
`ol |ah gnsomgh" a`vmod `o nvhsa`odmod gnsno` `ol chl*jnxblmodw"
tm|a wnjh|mjhw ` lho|mb gnxswh ns hdd*`ol*|nodxh jnxblmodw/
\ah Hshga|ahxj `| @|ahow mw |ah chw| ionto hq`jubh nf |amw
Nslhs" n|ahsw chmod |ah mo|hsmns gnbxjow nf |ah Usnu}bwh`" |ah \hjubh
nf Lm`o` `| Huahwxw" `ol |ah J`xwnbhxj nf A`bmg`so`wwxw/
\ah Mnomg Nslhs t`w `uu`sho|b} xwhl fns |ah fmsw| |mjh no |ah
@s|hjmwm`o \hjubh nf Lm`o` ns @s|hjmw- `| Huahwxw" gnow|sxg|hl
`cnx| 815 C/G/ Mo |ah fmf|a gho|xs} |amw csmbbm`o| Nslhs t`w xwhl tm|a
jxga wxgghww mo |ah Usnu}bwh` `| @|ahow" tahsh m| mw hjubn}hl `bnod
tm|a |ah Lnsmg" mo |ah wj`bb \hjubh nf |ah Omih @u|hsnw" ns Tmod*
bhww Vmg|ns}9 `ol mo |ah Hshga|ahxj/
\ah fnxs|a gho|xs} C/ G/ mw" fns |ah Mnomgw|}bh"
`bwn ` csmbbm`o|
uhsmnl" |anxda m| mw on bnodhs mo Dshhgh cx| mo @wm` Jmons |a`| th
wa`bb fmol |ah chw| j`|hsm`b fns w|xl}/ \ahshmw
|ah wxuhsc \njc `ol|ah \hjubh `| Usmhoh" `ol |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn Lml}jwhxw9 tambh
Unbnomnw nf Huahwxw `ol L`uaomw nf Jmbh|xw nf|ho hjubn}hl |ah
Mnomg Nslhs tm|a |ah jnw| gnowxjj`|h `s|/
Mo jnw| nf |ah |hjubhw nf @wm` Jmons" |ahsh hqmw|w ch|thho |ah
gnsno` `ol |ah fsmh{h ` snt nf lho|mbw xwhl mo jxga |ah w`jh j`oohs
`w no |ah Unsga nf |ah G`s}`|mlhw no |ah @gsnunbmw `| @|ahow/
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006 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Ahmda| nf Wa`f|/ Mo |ah Dshhi Mnomg cxmblmodw nf tamga th
unwwhww lhfmom|h shj`mow" |ah gnbxjow v`s} mo ahmda| ch|thho ` bm||bh
jnsh |a`o hmda| `ol ` bm||bh bhww |a`o omoh lm`jh|hsw/ \ah jh`wxsh*
jho| nf hmda| lm`jh|hsw `ol noh*a`bf" tamga Vm|sxvmxw dmvhw |n |ah
Mnomg gnbxjo" j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w gnjmod mo |ah hq`g| jmllbh
ch|thho |ahwh |tn hq|shjhw9 `b|anxda b`|hs `x|ansm|mhw fns |ah w`jh
sh`wno `w `bsh`l} dmvho shd`slmod |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo ushfhs |n |`ih
|ah amdahw| lmjhowmno `w ` w|`ol`sl fns jnlhso uxsunwhw/ \ah
lm`jh|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah |nu nf |ah wa`f| v`smhw fsnj hmda| |n
hmda|`ol noh*a`bf |ho|aw nf m|w lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh/ \axw th whh
|a`| |amw gnbxjo a`w `| nogh ` amdahs" jnsh wbholhs" `ol jnsh ds`ghfxb
wa`f| |a`o |ah Lnsmg" `ol |a`| |ahsh mw `bwn bhww lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah
lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh `ol ohgi |a`o mo |ah wans|hs `ol w|xjumhs Lnsmg
wa`f|/ No |ah Hshga|ahxj" nf tamga th a`vh dmvho ` ls`tmod mo
Ub`|h QBMV" |ah ahmda| mw ` bm||bh bhww |a`o omoh lm`jh|hsw/ \ah
gnbxjow nf |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn Lml}jwhxw `sh ` bm||bh jnsh |a`o
|ho9cx| |anwh nf @|aho` `| Usmhoh `sh `uusnqmj`|hb} omoh lm`jh|hsw"
`ol |ah \hjubh nf Ahs` `| W`jnw hmda| lm`jh|hsw `ol noh*a`bf9
tambh no |ah bm||bh \hjubh nf @s|hjmw oh`s |ah c`oi nf |ah Mbmwwxw"
|ah gnbxjo `ggnslmod |n W|ht`s|" tan a`w shgnow|sxg|hl m| a`w `
ahmda| nf hmda| lm`jh|hsw `ol noh*fnxs|a/
\ah Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo a`w `bwn jxga bhww |`uhs |a`o `o} nf |ah
Dshhi Lnsmg wa`f|w" tambh m| mw on|`cbh mo `| bh`w| noh mow|`ogh |a`|
nf |ah Ons|a Unsga nf |ah Hshga|ahxj" ns" jnsh usnuhsb}" |ah Uns|mgn
|n |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w |a`| |ah Mnomg gnbxjow a`vh `wthbb ns
chbb}nf
4*7*_ |ahms lm`jh|hs/
Ho|`wmw/ \ah |`uhs no |ahwh gnbxjow mw jxga bhww `ggho|x`|hl
|a`o no |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ Th fmol |a`| |ah b`sdhs lm`jh|hs" mo |ah
jmllbh" mw noh*whvho|a jnsh |a`o |ah wj`bbhs lm`jh|hs/ No |ah
Hshga|ahxj |amw lmjmox|mno mw nf noh*|thbf|a9no |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn
Lml}jwhxw" m| mw noh*hmda|a9 `ol no |ah bm||bh \hjubhno |ah Mbmwwxw" m| mw
noh*whvho|a/ @o ho|`wmw ns
gxsvmod
gno|nxs nf |ah wa`f| hqmw|w mo `
vhs} lhbmg`|h `ol wxc|bh fnsj mo |ah Mnomg Nslhs/
Fbx|modw/ Ohq| |n m|w usnuns|mnow" |ah lmw|modxmwamod fh`|xsh nf
|ah wa`f| nf |amw Nslhs mw |ah s`lmg`bb}lmffhsho| ga`s`g|hs nf fbx|mod
tamga mw mov`sm`cb} xwhl tahohvhs |ah gnbxjo nf |amw Nslhs mw wn nso`*
jho|hl/ Tambh mo |ah hq`jubhw nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg tnsi m| mw fnxol
|a`| |ah b`|hs gnbxjow `sh `bjnw| mov`sm`cb} fbx|hl" `ol m| mw nob} |ah
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UB@\H QBM/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBM/-
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W\XL] NF \AH /NSLHSW 004
h`sbmhs hq`jubhw tamga thsh ngg`wmno`bb} bhf| wjnn|a `ol ub`mo" tm|a
|ah mo|snlxg|mno nf |ah Mnomg gnbxjo |ah pxhw|mno nffbx|mod |ah wa`f|
whhjw |n a`vh chho bhf| jnsh ns bhww |n |ah lmwgsh|mno nf |ah lhwmdohs/
\ahsh `sh b`|h mow|`oghw tahsh |amw gnbxjo a`w chho bhf| ub`mo `ol
xonso`jho|hl" pxm|h `w nf|ho `w h`sb} nohw mo tamga |ah fbx|mod fmsw|
uhgxbm`s |n |amw Nslhs mw xwhl/ \ahsh `sh dhohs`bb} |tho|}*fnxs ga`o*
ohbw ns fbx|hw fnxs jnsh |a`o mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs9 `ol |ahms whg|mno mw
`w wanto mo Fmd/ 86" jxga lhhuhs `ol `uusn`gamod ` a`bf*gmsgbh mo
nx|bmoh" tambh |ah ga`os/hbw `sh whu`s`|hl fsnj h`ga n|ahs c} ` smldh
ns#fmbbh|"#
`u`s|
nf |ah wxsf`gh nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f| m|whbf/ Th a`vh
`bsh`l} |s`ghl |ah usnc`cbh _^_
dsnt|a `ol lhsmv`|mno nf |ahwh
ga`oohbw mo Fmd/ <=/
C`whw" Mnomg `ol @||mg/ \ah
Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjow"
chmod bmda|hs"jnsh hb`cns`|h mo
|sh`|jho|" jnsh shfmohl mo usmo*
gmubh"`ol dmvmod bhww nf `o hffhg|
nfw|`cmbm|}" whhjhl" xobmih |ah
h`sbmhs Lnsmg" |n shpxmsh ` c`wh
mo nslhs |n dmvh wnjh `uu`sho|
w|shod|a |n |ah gnbxjo `w ` wxu*
uns|mod jhjchs/ N|ahstmwh |ah
tmlh wu`gmod nf |ahwh gnbxjow"
`ol/ |ah |amoohww nf |ahms wa`f|w"
tnxbl on| w`|mwf} |ah h}h nf |ah
chanblhs/ \ah c`wh" chwmlhw fxb*
fmbbmodm|w uxsunwh `w `o nso`jho|`b jhjchs" sholhsw m| `uu`sho|
|a`| ` b`sdhs ch`smod wxsf`gh mw dmvho |ah gnbxjo" `ol |a`| |ah thmda|
m| g`ssmhw mw |axw lmw|smcx|hl nvhs ` b`sdhs `sh` nf wxuuns|/
@ c`wh nf |ah ahmda| nf noh jnlxbh" ns noh a`bf*lm`jh|hs" mw |ahsh*
fnsh
`bt`}wxwhl tm|a |amw gnbxjo/ \ahsh `sh |tn wns|w nf c`whw"
h`wmb} lmw|modxmwahl c} |ah fnsj nf |ahms jnxblmodw ;
\ah Mnomg c`wh mw gnjunwhl nf ` ubmo|a wxuuns|mod |tn `w|s`d`bw"
`ol |tn wgn|m`w `ggnju`o}mod |ahwh |tn `w|s`d`bw" tm|a fmbbh|w `ol `
|nsxw jnxblmod/ Mo @wm` Jmons" |amw c`wh mw wxckhg|hl |n gnowmlhs`cbh
jnlmfmg`|mnow/
\ah @||mg c`wh mw jnsh wmjubh" `ol mw gnjunwhl nf ` |nsxw
M
M MM M Jmbb
$Xxxxxmmv
Fmd/ 86/ / Mnomg Fbx|mod/
U`s| ub`o `ol hbhv`|mno/-
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001 W\BKL]NF \AH NSLHSW
jnxblmod" ` wgn|m` tm|a |tn fmbbh|w" `ol ` b`sdh |nsxw" |ah b`||hs shw|mod
lmshg|b} no |ah ub`|fnsj nsw|huw
`snxol |ah |hjubh" tm|anx| |ah
mo|hsvhomod wpx`sh ubmo|a @" Fmd/ 84-/
\ah c`wh tamga xwx`bb} `uuh`sw tm|a |amw nslhs mw nf |ah @||mg
v`smh|}"gmsgxb`s mo
ub`o"`ol tm|anx| ` wpx`sh ubmo|a `w mo b`|hs Snj`o
xw`dh" tm|a |ah hqghu|mno nf noh |}uh" |a`| mo |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv`
Unbm`w `| Usmhoh/ Mo Fmd/ 84 `sh wanto |ah jnw| |}umg`b v`sm`|mnow nf
Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo c`whw/ \a`| `| @" |`iho fsnj |ah Hshga|ahxj
`| @|ahow" mw dhohs`bb} |hsjhl |ah #@||mg c`wh#" fsnj |ah f`g| |a`| m|
t`w jnw| amdab} lhvhbnuhl mo @|ahow `ol |ah ohmdacnsmod uns|mnow nf
bNOMGNLBVJO*C@WHW
Fmd/ 84/ \}umg`b Dshhi Lnsmg C`whw/
|ah w|`|h nf @||mg`/ \amw c`wh mw wnjh|mjhw v`smhl c} j`imod |ah
bnths |nsxw vhs} wj`bb mo ahmda|" `ol fb`||homod |ah wgn|m`" `w mo Ub`|h
QBMM9 cx| m| w|mbb sh|`mow |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw nf |ah @||mg c`wh/ \ah
c`wh `|C" Fmd/ 84"
mw |ahnob} mow|`ogh
mo
Dshhi tnsi tahsh |ah} a`vhhjubn}hl tm|a |amw Nslhs ` ubmo|a* wpx`sh mo ub`o `ol shg|`odxb`s mo
hbhv`|mno/ \ah hq`jubh wanto `| G" Fmd/ 84" mw |`iho fsnj ` gnbxjo
`| W`jnw" `ol mw ` wnjhta`| xoxwx`b fnsj/ @| Huahwxw |ahsh mw `o
hq`jubh nf |ah xwh nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs tahsh |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo mw
hogmsgbhl c} ` l`ln g`svhl tm|a fmdxshw nf gnowmlhs`cbh shbmhf/ \ah
c`wh wanto `| L mw fsnj |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn Humgxsmxw `| Uamd`bm`/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 00=
@WW]SM@O*
\amw |}uh" `w thbb `w |ah `ggnju`o}mod fnsj nfg`um|`b" Fmd/ 6<" mw
wnjhta`| hqghu|mno`bmo Dshhi tnsi/
\ah Vnbx|hw/ \ah w|snodhw| ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nf |ah gnbxjo mw |ah
vnbx|hw tamga nso`jho| |ah g`um|`b/
V`smnxw |ahnsmhw a`vh chho wxddhw|hl
`w |n |ah lhsmv`|mno nf |ah lhgns`|mno nf
|ah #vnbx|h# f`gh ns snbb" ` lmw|modxmwamod
fh`|xsh nf |ah Mnomgg`um|`b/
M| mw molx*
cm|`cbh |a`| |ah whsmhw nf bmohw hosnbbmod
|ahjwhbvhw mo|n ` wums`b fnsj" tamga `u*
uh`s xuno |ah usmogmu`b f`ghw nf |ah g`u*
m|`b `ol j`ih xu |ah hol nf |ah snbbw"
t`w fns ` bnod |mjh ` f`vnsm|h jn|mvh
tm|a h`sb} uhnubhw" `ol |a`| j`o} hq`j*
ubhw`sh fnxol mo |ah tnsiw nf J}gho`h`o
`s|9 |a`| |ah f`gh nf |ah vnbx|h vhs} oh`sb}
shusnlxghw |ah o`|xs`b fnsj nf ghs|`mo
wh`wahbbw9 `ol |a`| |ah w`jh wums`bjn*
*|mvh t`w ionto `ol hjubn}hl c} `b*
jnw| `bb usmjm|mvh gmvmbm{`|mnow/
\ah @ww}sm`ow" mo |ahms lhgns`|mvh
hjchbbmwajho| nf |ah wans| gsnww*c`s ns
tnnlho g`u |a`| |ah} ub`ghl xuno |ahms
gnbxjow"wxgghhlhl mo
usnlxgmod` snbbhl*
xu lhgns`|mvh jhjchs |a`| j`} a`vh
vhs} sh`lmb} fnsjhl |ah wxddhw|mno fns |ah
Dshhi Mnomgg`um|`b/ Whh Fmd/ 81/-
\ah jnsh `ogmho| hq`jubhw nf |ah
Mnomg g`um|`b want |ah vnbx|h usnkhg|hl
mo wxga `o hq|shjh lhdshh |a`| m| whhjw
jnw| xobmihb} |a`| |amw lhgns`|mvh Nslhs
gnxbl a`vh chho lhvhbnuhl fsnj `o}|amod hbwh |a`o ` tnnlho
usn|n|}uh" `w wxga ` fnsj" hqhgx|hl mo w|noh ns j`scbh" tnxbl
whhjmodb} ch cnxol |nwubm|
nff xolhs |ah bn`l nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh/
\ah wih|ga mo Fmd9 8= wantw ant |amw fnsj nf g`u j`} unwwmcb} a`vh
chho wxddhw|hl c} |ah H|sxwg`o gxw|nj nf ub`gmod ` tnnlho gsnww*c`s
nvhs |ah tnnl gnbxjo" on| nob} |n |mh m| |ndh|ahs `ol ushvho| m| fsnj
wubm||mod"cx| `bwn |n `wwmw| mo shlxgmod |ah tml|a nf |ah wu`o ch|thho
G@UM\@B*Fmd/ 81/ Mnomg G`um|`b `w
Wxddhw|hl mo @ww}sm`o
Tnsi/
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035 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
wxuuns|w" `w thbb `w |n mogsh`wh |ah ch`smod `sh` nf |ah gnbxjo kxw|
`w |ah ansm{no|`b jnxblmodw nf |ah c`wh wxddhw| ` lnxcbh w|sxg|xs`b
uxsunwh mo cmolmod |ndh|ahs |ah cn||nj nf |ah lhbmg`|h wxuuns|" `ol
csn`lhomod m|w ch`smod `sh`/ \ah usnkhg|mod u`s|w nf |amw wans| ch`j
tnxbl o`|xs`bb} ch |sh`|hl mo wnjh lhgns`|mvh j`oohs" `ol wn |ah
dhohs`b fnsj nf |ah Mnomg vnbx|h jmda| a`vh chho h`wmb} usnlxghl/
Cx| th jxw| `d`mo `bbnt |a`| mo m|w mo|snlxg|mno |n Dshhgh" |ah fnsj nf
|ah Mnomg g`um|`b t`w wn j`|hsm`bb} jnlmfmhl |a`| m| a`w bm||bh gbnwh
`ffmom|}tm|a |ah h`sbmhs J}ghowh`o" @ww}sm`o" ns Uanhomgm`o jn|mvhw/
\ah `uusnqmj`|h ahmda| nf |ah g`um|`b mw ` bm||bh bhww |a`o noh
lm`jh|hs/
\ah ohq| usmogmu`b fh`|xsh
nf |amw Nslhs" `ol |ah noh |a`|
sholhsw |ah gnbxjo lmw|mog|mvh mo
m|whbf" mw |a`| |ah g`um|`b a`w |tn/
whu`s`|h f`ghw noh mo ub`oh tm|a
|ah fsmh{h `cnvh" wantmod |ah
vnbx|h9 tambh |ah n|ahs" `| smda|
`odbhw |n |amw" wantw |ah hol nf
|ah g`um|`bns snbb nf |ah vnbx|h"
`w j`} ch whho mo Fmdw/ 65 `ol 60/
@w th a`vh w`ml" |ah g`um|`b
nf |ah Mnomg gnbxjo a`w |tn usmo*
gmu`b f`ghw `ol |tn b`|hs`b ns
wxcnslmo`|h nohw/ \ah usmogmu`b
f`ghw want |ah tmolmod*xu nf |ah
|tn vnbx|hw" ns |ah h}hw fnsjhl
c} |ah c`ol b`ml nvhs |ah jnxbl*
hl g`um|`b" tamga wxddhw|w mo fsno| hbhv`|mno ` gxwamno tm|a |tn
snbbw ns vnbx|hw" noh `| h`ga wmlh" tambh `| |ah hol ` wmodbh snbb
`bnoh mw whho/ \amw c`ol ns gxwamno gnjhw ch|thho |ah |xsohl
ns snxolhl gnbxjo `ol |ah xuuhs jhjchs nf |ahg`um|`b" tamga
mw `bt`}w wpx`sh mo ub`o Fmd/ 60-" `ol m| mw nf |ah wa`uh nf |ah hgamoxw
jnxblmod mo uhsuholmgxb`s whg|mno" |ah b`||hs chmod wnjh|mjhw ub`mo
cx| jnsh dhohs`bb} g`svhl ns lhgns`|hl/ \ah wmlh wantmod |ah vnbx|h"
tamga th a`vh `bsh`l} g`bbhl |ah #f`gh"# mw `bt`}w mo |ah w`jh ub`oh
`w |ah `sgam|s`vh `ol fsmh{h nf |ah cxmblmod" `ol f`gmod nx| |nt`sl |ah
wuhg|`|ns9 |ah nuunwm|h f`gh mw ushgmwhb} bmih m|/
Umd/ 8=/ Mnomg G`um|`b `w Wxddhw|hl mo
H|sxwg`o Tnsi/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 030
@ss`odhjho| nf Vnbx|hw `| Gnsohsw nf Cxmblmodw/ \amw `ss`odh*
jho| mw
uhsfhg|b} `l`u|`cbh|n `
bnodgnbnoo`lh9 cx| taho th sh`ga
|ah gnsohs nf |ah cxmblmod" `lmffmgxb|}
`| nogh ushwho|w m|whbf/ No noh
wmlh ns |ah n|ahs |amw g`um|`b jxw| want ` snbb" tamga tnxbl on| `dshh
tm|a |ah g`um|`bw chwmlh m|/ \ah vnbx|h tamga lmw|modxmwahw |ah Mnomg
g`um|`b`bjnw| ushvho|w m|w xwh `| |ah `odbhw nf ` cxmblmod" mo`wjxga
Fmd/ 65/ Vmht Wantmod \tn F`ghw nf Mnomg G`um|`b/
`w |ah usmogmu`bf`gh mw `bt`}w wanto mo ub`oh tm|a |ah `sgam|s`vh
`cnvh" `ol" mo |xsomod |ah gnsohs `| smda| `odbhw" wnjh ga`odh mw ohg*
hww`s} mo nslhs |n csmod |ah |tn usmogmu`b f`ghw `| smda| `odbhw |n h`ga
n|ahs/ \ah Dshhiw movho|hl |tn jh|anlw nf nvhsgnjmod |amw lmffm*
gxb|}/ Mo Fmd/ 63 `sh wanto |tn ub`ow nf Mnomgg`um|`bw
fns xwh no |ah
gnsohsw nf cxmblmodw/ \ah fmsw| `o hqghu|mno`b noh mw |`iho fsnj
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033 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Mqth/
Fmd/ 60/ Mnomg Gnbxjo/
|ah \hjubh nf @unbbn Humgxsmxw `|
Uamd`bm`" tahsh `bb fnxs wmlhw `sh
`bmih" `ol |ah vnbx|hw gnjmod |n*
dh|ahs no |ah `odbh `sh" moub`o"
cnthl nx| no h`ga gnsohs wn `w |n
ch `bjnw| c`gi |n c`gi `| |ah hq*
|shjh `odbh/ \amw g`um|`b mw wanto
mo hbhv`|mno moFmd/ 6</ \ah n|ahs
`ol jnsh xwx`b jh|anl t`w |n
ub`gh|ah |tn usmogmu`b f`ghw nf |ah nslm*
o`s} g`um|`b `| smda| `odbhw |n h`ga
n|ahs" |ah vnbx|hw no |ah nx|hs gnsohs
fnbbntmod |ah w`jh jh|anl mo |a`|
noh `odbh `w no |ah fnxs `odbhw nf
|ah g`um|`b kxw| lhwgsmchl" `ol |ah
|tn vnbx|hw `| |ah n|ahs holw
chmodihu| mo ub`oh tm|a |ah `sgam|s`vh
`cnvh/ \amw `bwn csmodw |ah |tn
snbbw ns b`|hs`b f`ghw `| smda| `odbhw |n
h`ga n|ahs" `ol shpxmshw ` ghs|`mo
lmwbng`|mno nf |ahms hbhjho|w" tamga
j`} ch ch||hs whho mo Fmd/ 67"
tahsh |tng`um|`bw
fsnj |ah
\hjubhno |ah Mbmwwxw `| @|ahow `sh wanto
wmlh c} wmlh" noh nf |ahwh chmod |a`|
no |ah gnsohs" `ol |ah n|ahs |ah
nslmo`s} g`um|`bnf |ah gnbnoo`lh/
\ah Dshhiw |ahjwhbvhw whhjhl |n
f`vns |amw b`||hs wnbx|mno" `ol mo
jnw| mow|`oghw
hjubn}hl
|amw wgahjh
no |ahg`um|`bw
`| |ah `odbhw nf |ahms
cxmblmodw/ Uhsa`uw |amw t`w u`s|b}
chg`xwh m| `bbnthl |ahj |ah xwh nf
|ah lhgns`|hl Mnomg fnsj" |n tamga
|ah} thsh hwuhgm`bb} u`s|m`b/
\ah Ub`mo Mnomg G`um|`b/ \ahsh
`sh |tn imolw nf g`um|`b xwhl tm|a
|ah @|ahom`o Dshhi Mnomg Nslhsw"
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 037
noh ionto `w |ah ub`mo `ol |ah n|ahs `w |ah lhgns`|hl ns nso`*
jho|hl g`um|`b/\ah |}uh nf |ah ub`mo g`um|`b
mw wanto mo Ub`|h
QBMM" `| ` b`sdh wm{h `ol tm|a |ah ohghww`s} gnow|sxg|mvh jh`wxsh*
Fmd/ 63/ Hq`jubhw nf Lnsmg Gnsohs G`um|`bw/ Whg|mno bnnimod xu/-
jho|w/ \amw hq`jubh t`w |`iho fsnj |ah fnxs*gnbxjohl unsga
nf |ah \hjubh nf Omih @u|hsnw" ns |ah Tmodbhww Vmg|ns}" no |ah
@gsnunbmw `| @|ahow" `ol a`w chho wbmda|b} ga`odhl fsnj |ah
nsmdmo`b mo noh u`s|mgxb`s" c} ls`tmod mo |ah vnbx|h h}h nf |ah
Fmd/ \}umg`b Mnomg Gnsohs `ol Shdxb`s G`um|`bw/ Whg|mno bnnimod xu/-
g`um|`b wbmda|b} |nt`sl |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo fsnj h`ga wmlh" |axw
lnmod `t`} tm|a ` ghs|`mo `tit`slohww mo |ah hq|shjh usnkhg|mno
taho whho fsnj |ah fsno|- nf |ah vnbx|hw mo |ah nsmdmo`b/ \amw v`sm`*
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03< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
|mno mw nob} nf |ashh u`s|w"cx| m| ch||hs fm|w |ah g`um|`b fns jnsh dhohs`b
xwh/ \ah v`smh|}nf |ah @||mg c`wh xwhl mo |amw hq`jubh" mw wanto no
|ah w`jh ub`|h/\ah snbb ns hol nf |ah vnbx|h" `w wanto mo |amw ub`|h"
mw hq|shjhb} wmjubh" hvho fns |amw ub`mo |}uh nfg`um|`b9
`ol m| mw nf|ho
lhgns`|hl ns g`svhl tm|a wnjh wmjubh bh`f nso`jho|" `w mw wanto mo
Ub`|h QBVM `ol Fmdw/ 68 `ol 66/
\ah gnbxjo xwhl tm|a |ah ub`mo Dshhi Mnomg g`um|`b mw wans|hs mo
usnuns|mno |a`o |ah hq`jubh xwhl tm|a |ah nso`jho|hl g`um|`b fsnj
|ah Hshga|ahxj/ Mo |ah \hjubh
no |ah Mbmwwxw `| @|ahow" |ah gnb*
xjo mo |amw mow|`ogh chmod nob}
`cnx| 0<_ fhh| amda" |ah fnsj nf
g`um|`b `ol usnuns|mnomod nf gnb*
xjo jnsh oh`sb} `uusn`ga |ah
|}uh `f|hst`slw `lnu|hl `w lmw*
|mog|mvhb} Snj`o/ N|ahs Dshhi
v`sm`|mnow nf ` wmjmb`s fnsj `sh
|anwh xwhl mo |ah \hjubh nf @unb*
bn Lml}jwhxw" oh`s Jmbh|xw" `ol
|ah @pxhlxg| nf A`lsm`o `| @|a*
how Fmd/ 68- 9`ol mo |ah \hjubh
nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w `| Usmhoh" `ol
|ah Mnomg g`um|`b fsnj @|ahow"
wanto |ndh|ahs mo |ah w`jh mbbxw*
|s`|mno Fmd/ 66-/ Mo |ahwh |tn
ub`|hw |ah xuuhs a`bf nf |ah ub`o chbnodw" mo h`ga mow|`ogh" |n |ah g`u
wanto mo noh*a`bf fsno| `ol noh*a`bf hol hbhv`|mno `cnvh m|/ tambh
|ah bnths a`bf nf |ah ub`o chbnodw |n |ah g`um|`bwanto mo |ah w`jh
j`oohs chbnt/
\ah Lhgns`|hl Mnomg G`um|`b/ \ah /lhgns`|hl g`um|`b a`w" mo
`llm|mno |n |ah hgamoxw jnxblmod chbnt |ah c`ol fnsjmod |ah vnbx|hw
`ol |sh`|hl tm|a `o hdd*`ol*l`s|" ` fsmh{h ns ohgimod g`svhl tm|a `
anoh}wxgibh nso`jho|" whu`s`|mod |ah g`um|`b fsnj |ah fbx|hl wa`f|
nf |ah gnbxjo" `ol lhfmohl `| |ah cn||nj c} `o `w|s`d`b jnxblmod/
\amw ohgimod mw hb`cns`|hb} g`svhl tm|a wnjh wxga nso`jho| `w |a`|
wanto no Ub`|h QBMMM" mo tamga |amw g`um|`bmw ls`to nx| `| ` b`sdh
wm{h tm|a gnow|sxg|mno`b fmdxshw/ \amw mw |ah g`um|`b fsnj |ah Uns|mgn
nf |ah\hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w" ns |ah Ons|a Unsga nf |ah Hshga|ahxj
$
Fmd/ 6</ Mnomg Gnbxjo fsnj \hjubhnf @unbbn Humgxsmxw `| Uamd`bm`/
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UB@\H QBMMM/@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBMMM -
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 038
`| @|ahow/ \amw unsga mw wanto `| ` b`sdh wm{h mo Ub`|h QBMV/ M| mw
|ahwh gnbxjow tamga th a`vh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl `w wthbbmod nx| }_\
nf |ahms lm`jh|hs chfnsh |`uhsmod |n |ah ohgi/ \ah lnnst`} nf |amw
unsga mw ls`to nx| jnsh u`s|mgxb`sb} mo Fmdw/ 17 `ol 1</
Mo |ah ls`tmod nf |amw g`um|`b mo Ub`|h QBMMM" m| tmbb ch on|mghl
Fmd/ 68/ \}umg`b Lhgns`|mnow nf
Mnomg G`um|`b/
Fmd/ 66/ \}umg`b Lhgns`|mnow nf
Mnomg G`um|`b/
|a`| |ah f`gh nf |ah vnbx|h mw jxga jnsh hb`cns`|hb} jnxblhl |a`o |ah
wmjubhs hq`jubh wanto mo Ub`|h QBMM" `ol a`w mo `llm|mno `oho|mshb}
oht wh| nf jhjchsw mo |ah gho|hs nf m|w fb`||hohl wgn|m`" tambh `bb m|w
u`s|w `sh jnsh hb`cns`|hb} `ol fmohb}gx|/ @o nso`jho|`b |nsxw" tamga
mw on| wanto mo n|ahs |}uhw nf Dshhi Mnomgg`um|`bw" `bwn `uuh`sw `cnvh
|ah hdd*`ol*l`s| `ol chbnt |ah c`ol jnxblmod/ \ah wpx`sh `c`gxw
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036 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
`cnvh |ah c`ol nf |amwg`um|`b mw mov`sm`cb} g`svhl mo |ah nso`jho|`b
|}uh" tambh mo |ah ub`mo g`um|`b m| mw wnjh|mjhw bhf| xo`lnsohl/ \amw
g`um|`b" tm|a ohgimod" wanxbl ch xwhl nob} tm|a ` |`bbhs `ol jnsh
wbholhs wa`f| |a`o |ah n|ahs |}uh shpxmshw/
\ah nso`jho|hl Mnomg g`um|`b j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w |ah jnsh lmw*
|mog|mvhb} Dshhi" mo`wjxga `w |ah Snj`ow" mo `lnu|mod |ah Mnomg gnb*
xjo `ol m|wg`um|`b" fnbbnthl nx| jnsh
gbnwhb}|ah mlh` wanto mo |ah
wmjubhs |}uh" tambh |ah Dshhiw |ahjwhbvhw a`vh usngb`mjhl |ahms
u`s|m`bm|}fns |ah jnsh lhgns`|hl fnsj c} xwmod m| mo |ah jnw| hb`cn*
s`|h wmodbh |hjubh tamga |ah} a`vh bhf| xw" |a`| nf |ah Hshga|ahxj/
Dhohs`b \}uh nf Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs/ C} shfhssmod |n Ub`|h QBM
`ol Fmd/ 85" |ah lhwgsmu|mno nf |amw nslhs g`o ch ch||hs gnjushaholhl/
\ah `sgam|s`vh usnlxghw `o ho|mshb} lmffhsho| hffhg| fsnj |ah noh xwhl
tm|a |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" `ol" tambh bhf| ub`mo mo wnjh g`whw" m| mw nslmo`smb}
lmvmlhl mo|n |tn ns |ashh c`olw c} wj`bb ansm{no|`b usnkhg|mnow" `ol mw
gsntohl tm|a v`smnxw jnxblmodw" nf|ho nso`jho|hl tm|a |ah hdd*`ol*
l`s| ns tm|a shhb `ol ch`l/ \ah nslmo`s} jh`wxsh nf |ah ahmda| nf
|ah `sgam|s`vh mw `cnx| hpx`b |n |ashh*fnxs|aw nf |ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs/
\ah fsmh{h" ` bm||bh bhww amda |a`o |ah `sgam|s`vh" mw" `w chfnsh" gsnt\mhl
tm|a nso`|h gnsomgh jnxblmodw/ \ahwh fsmh{hw `sh jhshb} ub`mo wxs*
f`ghw" `ol mo |ah Dshhi Nslhsw `sh jnsh nf|ho hosmgahl c} g`svmod/
Mf lhgns`|hl" m| mw dhohs`bb} tm|a c`w*shbmhfw mo |ah o`|xsh nf ` usnghwwmno
nf wnjh wns|" gno|moxmod tm|anx| mo|hssxu|mno `bb `snxol |ah ho|`cb`|xsh
Fmd/ 44-/ \ah gnsomgh mw wmjubhs `ol hvho bmda|hs mo usnuns|mno |a`o
|a`| nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" no `ggnxo| nf |ah `llhl ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo9
tambh m| mw gnjunwhl ho|mshb}nf wmjubh c`olw nf jnxblmodw/ Molhhl"
|asnxdanx| |ah ho|`cb`|xsh nf |amw Nslhs" m| mw |ah ansm{no|`b bmohw
|a`| `sh hjua`wm{hl/
\ah Mnomg gnsomgh mw bhww |a`o noh lm`jh|hs mo ahmda|" |ah gnsno`
usnkhg|mod nvhs |ah bmoh nf |ah fsmh{h c} ` lmw|`ogh hpxmv`bho| |n |ah
ahmda| nf |ah gnsomgh/ M| unwwhwwhw `o mogbmohl wnffm| wxuuns|hl c} `
chl*jnxbl gnjunwhl nf lmffhsho| jhjchsw" wnjh|mjhw nso`jho|hl
tm|a |ah hdd*`ol*l`s|" `ol mo b`|h tnsi nf|ho gno|`mow `o `llm|mno`b
gnxswh nf lho|mbw ns cs`gih|w/ M| mw wxsjnxo|hl c} n|ahs jnxblmodw"
`ol |ah gnsomgh mw holhl c} ` g}j` hwuhgm`bb}lhgns`|hl tm|a ` anoh}*
wxgibh nso`jho| `ol tm|a ah`lw nf bmnow whsvmod `w t`|hswunx|w/\ah
jh`o ahmda| nf |ah gnsomgh mw `cnx| noh*px`s|hs |a`| nf |ah tanbh ho*
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UNS\MGN NF \HJUBHNF JMOHS]R UNBM@W
UB@\H QBMV/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBMV/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 034
|`cb`|xsh tamga ch`sw ` s`|mn |n |ah ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo nf `cnx|
3 |n =" ns ` bm||bh jnsh |a`o |tn lm`jh|hsw/
\ah Hshga|ahxj/ \ah Hshga|ahxj ns \smubh \hjubh `| @|ahow
mw `o hqghu|mno`b ub`o mo Dshhi tnsi" `ol shpxmshw wuhgm`b hqub`o`|mno/
\amw \smubh \hjubh" wm|x`|hl no |ah ons|a wmlh nf |ah @gsnunbmw" t`w
lhvn|hl |n |ah tnswamu nf |ashh whu`s`|h lhm|mhw/ \ah usmogmu`b fsno|"
` wmq*gnbxjo unsga"t`w |hsjhl
|ah \hjubh nf Hshga|ahxw" `ol
t`w gnoohg|hl |asnxda |ah u`w*
w`dht`} `| |ah wmlh whh ub`o" Fmd/
64- tm|a |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv`
Unbm`w" tamga a`l m|w ho|s`ogh ns
uns|mgn `| |ah wmlh |nt`slw |ah
ons|a/ \n |amw unsga chbnodw |ah
lnnst`} |a`| mw whu`s`|hb} lh*
wgsmchl/
Nuunwm|h
|amw uns|mgn"
no |ah wnx|a wmlh nf |ah cxmblmod
`ol f`gmod |nt`slw |ah U`s|ah*
ono" mw |ah \smcxoh ns Unsga nf
|ah G`s}`|mlhw" Fmd/ 15- ns |ah
\hjubh nf U`olsnwxw/ \ah g`s}*
`|mlhw `sh ub`ghl no ` vhs} amda
w|}bnc`|h"
ns c`whjho|" ch`x|mfxbb} jnxblhl `ol g`svhl/ M| tmbb ch
whho |a`| |ah j`mo cnl} nf |ah cxmblmod m|whbf" bh`vmod nx| |ahwh
ons|a `ol wnx|a unsgahw" fnbbntw |ah w`jh wmjubh ub`o tanwh lh*
vhbnujho| th a`vh `bsh`l} |s`ghl9 `ol m| mw nob} mo vmhtmod |ah hq*
|hsmns nf |ah cxmblmod Fmd/ 61-" |a`| `o} gnofxwmno no |amw unmo|
jmda| `smwh/
\ahsh `sh on bhww |a`o |ashh lmffhsho| wh|w nf gnbxjow nf |ah Mnomg
Nslhs hjubn}hl no |amw cxmblmod/ \ah usmogmu`b noh mw `| |ah h`w| hol
ns fsno|" tm|a ` wxcwmlm`s} gnbxjo nf `bjnw| |ah w`jh ahmda| no |ah
unsga nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w" tambh |ah thw| ns sh`s t`bb nf |ah cxmblmod mw
lhgns`|hl tm|a fnxs `||`gahl Mnomg gnbxjow nf |ah w`jh nslhs mo `o|mw"
|ahwh chmod nf ` w|mbb wj`bbhs wm{h `ol a`vmod tmolntw ub`ghl mo |ah
wu`ghw ch|thho |ahj/ \amw cxmblmod j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w |ah jnw|
ush|ho|mnxw`ol amdab} hosmgahl hq`jubh nf Dshhi |hjubh `sgam|hg|xsh9
gnjcmomod" `w m| lnhw" |ah xwh nf |ah ds`ghfxb Mnomg Nslhs mo ta`| t`w |n
|ah Dshhiw m|w jnw| nso`jho|hl `ol amdahw| lhvhbnuhl fnsj" tm|a |ah
Fmd/ 64/ Ub`o nf Hshga|ahxj/
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UB@\H QBV/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 03=
`llm|mno nf |ah ch`x|mfxb `ol xompxh Unsga nf |ah G`s}`|mlhw/ \ah
gnjcmo`|mno mo noh
dsnxu
nf |ahwh |ashh |hjubhw t`w hvmlho|b} gnowml*
hshl c} |ahms gsh`|nsw `w ` bnxs lhfnsgh9 tambh |ah t`} mo tamga |ah
uns|mgn |n |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w mw `ss`odhl wn `w |n ub`gh
m|w gho|hs no |ah `qmw nf |ah lnns |n |amw |hjubh `ol w|mbb |mh m| mo |n |ah
tanbh gnjunwm|mno" hvho |anxda m| usnkhg|w ch}nol |ah hol nf |ah cnl}
nf |ah cxmblmod mw ` o`mvh `ol jnw| wxgghwwfxbb} o`|xs`b wnbx|mno nf
|ah usncbhj/
Th a`vh `bsh`l} whho |a`| |amw cxmblmod" |ah Hshga|ahxj" fxs*
omwahw |tn" ns jnsh usnuhsb} |ashh" xwhw nf |ah gnbxjo nf |amw Nslhs/
No |ah fnxs*gnbxjohl Ons|a Unsga nf |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w
Fmd/ 61- `ol no |ah wmq*gnbxjohl j`mo ho|s`ogh |n |ah \hjubh nf |ah
Hshga|ahxj `| |ah h`w|" vhs} wmjmb`s fnsjw nf |ah g`um|`b `sh hjubn}hl/
\ahwh |tn lmffhsho| gnbxjow" |ah fmsw| ` bm||bh nvhs |tho|}*fmvh `ol |ah
whgnol ` bm||bh nvhs |tho|}*noh fhh| mo ahmda|" `sh ub`ghl xolhs |ah
w`jh ho|`cb`|xsh" `ol wanxbl ch `gghu|hl `w |ah amdahw| lhvhbnujho|
nf |ah nso`jho|hl Dshhi Mnomg fnsj/ Chwmlhw |amw" ` wj`bbhs gnbxjo
nf |ah w`jh |}uh mw xwhl `| |ah thw| hol ch|thho |ah tmolnt nuhomodw"
cx| `||`gahl |n |ah t`bb chamol m|/
\ah ho|`cb`|xsh xwhl tm|a |ah lhgns`|hl Mnomgg`um|`b
no |ah
Hshga|ahxj mw wanto mo Ub`|h QBV" tahsh |ah ch`x|mfxb usnuns|mnow
nf m|w v`smnxw ansm{no|`b u`s|w `ol jnxblmodw j`} ch w|xlmhl g`shfxbb}/
\ah xwh nf g`svhl ns nso`jho|hl jhjchsw mo |amw gnsomgh mw hwuhgm`bb}
on|`cbh" fsnj |ah shw|s`mo| hjubn}hl mo ub`gmod |ahj `| |ah hq`g|
unmo|w tahsh |amw hosmgahl bmoh lhj`siw jnw| ub`mob} |ah j`mo ansm{no*
|`b lmvmwmnow nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh `ol w|shod|ahow |ah jnsh mjuns|`o|
wa`lntw g`w| c} |ah jnxblhl whg|mnow/ \ah g`svhl chl*jnxbl nf
|ah gnsomgh" `ol |ah nso`jho|hl jhjchs nf |ah gsntomod u`s| nf |ah
`sgam|s`vh" `sh wanto `| ` b`sdh wm{h mo @ `ol C9tambh `| G `sh dmvho
|ah g`svhl jhjchsw nf |ah `o|` xwhl tm|a |ah gnbxjo" |ah c`wh nf
tamga mw wanto `| L" nuunwm|h |ah hob`sdhl whg|mno nf |ah @||mg c`wh
nf |ah Hshga|ahxj gnbxjow `| H/ \amw ub`|h tmbb molmg`|h |ah dsh`|
shfmohjho| `ol uxsm|} nf |ah chw| |}uh nf nso`jho|`b Dshhi g`svhl
jnxblmodw" `ol tmbb `bwn want ant gbnwhb}|ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah g`svmod
fnbbntw `ol hjua`wm{hw |ah gno|nxs nf |ah jnxblhl whg|mno m|whbf/
V`smnxw Hq`jubhw nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/ \ahsh `sh j`o} |}uhw nf
|ah Mnomg Nslhs tahsh |ah g`um|`bw `sh nf lmffhsho| ga`s`g|hsw" `ol `
wans| lhwgsmu|mno nf h`ga tmbb ch fnxol ohghww`s} mo nslhs |n gnjush*
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075 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
ahol" mo hvho ` s`uml f`wamno" |ah ga`s`g|hs tamga mw dmvho |n |ahwh
lhwmdow `ol lh|`mbw" `ol |ah lmffhsho| hbhjho|w |a`| gnjunwh |ah jnw|
ch`x|mfxb hq`jubhw/ @| @|ahow" `ol u`s|mgxb`sb} mo |ah \hjubh nf
|ah Tmodbhww Vmg|ns} Ub`|h QBMM-" |ah jnxblmodw fnsjmod |ah snbb
nf |ah vnbx|h `sh lmvmlhl `ol cho| |nt`slw |ah `qmw nf |ahg`um|`b/
@| Uamd`bm` Fmd/ 6<-" |ah vnbx|hw" chmod b`sdhs `ol wmjubhs `ol tm|a
jxga usnkhg|mno" `sh shknmohl |n h`ga n|ahs `cnx| |ah `qmw/ Mo @wm`
Jmons" |ah vnbx|hw `sh mo dhohs`b shbmhvhl c} `cwnbx|hb} ansm{no|`b
jnxblmodw Fmd/ 68-/ \ahwh |ashh dhohs`b |}uhw tmbb want |ah v`smh|}
nf |ah lmffhsho|g`um|`bw
xwhl mo |ah Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs/ Mo |ah nbl
hq`jubhw |ah vnbx|hw thsh dmvho jnsh usnkhg|mno" `ol `f|hst`slw
`uu`sho|b} shlxghl no `ggnxo| nf hqmdhogmhw nf gnow|sxg|mno/ \ah}`sh `bwn jnsh lhvhbnuhl ns shfmohl mo |sh`|jho| mo b`|hs Nslhsw" `ol
|ah h}h nf |ah vnbx|h mw nslmo`smb} ub`ghl mo ub`oh tm|a |ah bmoh nf |ah
wa`f|/ M| mw on| vhs} b`|h moM|`b} taho |ah h}hw nf |ah vnbx|hw `sh
ub`ghl w|mbb oh`shs h`ga n|ahs" `ol th fmol |ahj gnjmod hvho mowmlh nf
|amw bmoh/
\hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w `| Usmhoh/ \ahsh mw ` s`|ahs molmvmlx`b
fnsj nf Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs hjubn}hl mo |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w
`| Usmhoh" tamga a`w chho ls`to nx| mo Ub`|h QBVM/ \ah c`wh nf |amw
Nslhs th a`vh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl" cx| |ahg`um|`b
mw xobmih `o} hq`j*
ubh th a`vh }h| whho/ M| mw ` vhswmno nf |ah wmjubh ns ub`mo Dshhi
Mnomg" cx| |ah lhwmdohs t`w on| w`|mwfmhl c} wantmod noh*a`bf nf amw
vnbx|h no |ah mo|hso`b `odbh nf |ahg`um|`b"
`w mo |ah gnsohs g`um|`b fsnj
|ah \hjubh no |ah Mbmwwxw `| @|ahow" wanto mo ub`o mo Fmd/ 63" tamga
wanxbl ch gnju`shl tm|a |ah ub`o nf |ah g`um|`b no |amwub`|h/
M| tmbb
ch on|mghl |a`| mo nslhs |n want |ah gnjubh|h vnbx|h mo |amw `odbh m|
t`w ohghww`s} |n |asnt nx| |ah snbb `| |ah c`gi nf |ah g`um|`b" nuhomod
|ah wu`gh ch|thho m| `ol |ah nso`jho|hl hdd*`ol*l`s| nf |ah hgamoxw
jnxblmod tamga fnbbntw mo ub`o |ah gmsgxb`s wa`uh nf |ah wa`f|/
\amw tnxbl usnlxgh ` ghs|`mo `tit`slohww nf |ah wnffm|" whho taho
bnnimod xu`| |ah
g`um|`b fsnj"|smh mowmlh nf |ah
unsga" tamga tnxblwhhjmodb} nffwh| |ah `lv`o|`dh d`mohl c} gnjubh|mod |ah gmsgbh nf |ah
|tn vnbx|hw wanto no |amw mo|hso`b `odbh/ M| `bwn ohghwwm|`|hw |ah uh*
gxbm`s wa`uh nf `c`gxw no |a`| gnsohs" gnjubh|hl mo ub`o mo Ub`|h
QBVM c} |ah ln||hl bmohw/ \n ch wxsh" |amw mw jxga jnsh bndmg`b mo
m|whbf |a`o csh`imod nx| |ah `c`gxw no |ah nuunwm|h hq|hsmns `odbh nvhs
|ah gnsohs vnbx|h9 cx| m| mw pxhw|mno`cbh mf |ah hffhg|w mo hbhv`|mno
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DSHHI MNOM
NUJMOHSJ
UB@\H QBVM/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bbwm{h
nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBVM/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 070
$wanto mo |ah g`um|`b mjjhlm`|hb} `cnvh |ah ub`o tnxbl ch `w a`uu}
ns o`|xs`b `w mo |ah n|ahs jh|anl" wanto mo |ah hq`jubh fsnj |ah
\hjubh no |ah Mbmwwxw `bsh`l} jho|mnohl/
\ah ho|`cb`|xsh nf |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w `| Usmhoh mw
jnsh hb`cns`|h |a`o |a`| wanto mo |ah Nslhs no Ub`|h QBM" `ol jnsh
oh`sb} `uusn`gahw |ah b`|hs Snj`o fnsj/ Th whh ahsh `o mow|`ogh nf
|ah xwh nf ` lho|mb gnxswh mo |ah chl*jnxbl nf |ahgnsomgh"tamga u`s|`ihw
wnjhta`|" c} m|w hq|shjh usnkhg|mno" nf |ah o`|xsh nf |ah gnownbh ns
cs`gih|"`ol tamga
j`}a`vh
dmvho|n |ah
Snj`ow|ah mlh`
|ah}`f|hs*
t`slw lhvhbnuhl/ \ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah wnffm| wanto mo /|ah wj`bb ub`o
chbnt mw vhs} wmjmb`s |n |a`| ch|thho |ah gnsohs jx|xbhw nf |ah Dshhi
Lnsmg cxmblmod/ \ah gnsomgh `ol gsntomod jnxblmodw" wanto `| |ah
smda|*a`ol xuuhs gnsohs nf |amw ub`|h `| @" `sh |`iho fsnj |ah d`cbh ns
uhlmjho| nf |ah cxmblmod/ \amw ub`|h fxs|ahs wantw |ah nso`jho|hl
wnffm| nf |ah `sgam|s`vh mo |ah whg|mno |asnxda |ah ho|`cb`|xsh dmvho
`| |ah smda|" tamga gno|`mow ` wj`bb wxoi u`ohb nso`jho|hl tm|a `
g`svhl jnxblmod" |amw u`ohb" anthvhs" chmod vhs} o`ssnt/ Mo |ah
whg|mnow wanto no |amw ub`|h"|ah w|nohw a`|gahl tm|a ` bmda|hs bmoh `sh
shw|nshl `ol gnokhg|xs`b/
@on|ahs `x|ansm|} wantw |amw Nslhs tm|anx| |ah fsmh{h" `ol ub`ghw
|ah cs`gih|w ns lho|mbw lmshg|b} xuno |ah gsntomod jhjchs nf |ah
`sgam|s`vh/ @ jh|anl fns lh|hsjmomod |ah gho|hsw shpxmshl |n ls`t
nx| |ah vnbx|h nf |ah Dshhi Mnomg g`um|`b" mw wanto mo |ah bnths smda|*
a`ol gnsohs nf |ah ub`|h/
GNSMO\AM@O NSLHS
\ah Dshhiw movho|hl" chwmlhw |anwh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl" `on|ahs
Nslhs |ah Gnsmo|am`o/ Mo |ah h`sb} hq`jubhw nf |amw Nslhs tamga
shj`mo" th whh hvmlhoghw nf |ah w`jh usnghwwhw nf hquhsmjho|`|mno `w
|holhl |n |ah lhvhbnujho| nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" `b|anxdam|
shj`mohlfns |ah b`|hs Snj`ow |n dmvh |amw |}uh m|w jnw| lhfmom|h ga`s`g|hs/
\ahwh Nslhsw j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w wxgghwwmvh w|huwmo hosmgamod
`ol shfmomod |ah hffhg| nf |ah gnbxjo `ol ho|`cb`|xsh" `bnod tm|a
|ahms `ggnju`o}mod jnxblmodw/
\ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs mw lmw|modxmwahl fsnj |ah n|ahs Nslhsw c}
m|w usmogmu`b ga`s`g|hsmw|mg" |ahg`um|`b" tamga mw fnsjhl nf |tn sntw nf
`g`o|axw bh`vhw ub`ghl `d`mow| ` snxol v`wh ns cs`gih|" `ol tamga"
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073 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
tm|a |ah `c`gxw wxuuns|hl no |ah `odbhw c} vnbx|hw" mws`lmg`bb} lmffhs*
ho| fsnj`o}|amod
th a`vh chfnsh whho/
Nsmdmo nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs/ @w |ah mjuns|`|mno fsnj n|ahs
gnxo|smhw nf |ah mlh`w no tamga |ah |tn fmsw| Dshhi Nslhsw" hwuhgm`bb}
|ah Lnsmg" thsh fnxolhl" a`w chho f`msb} usnvhl" m| whhjw bhww xo*
sh`wno`cbh |n chbmhvh |a`| |ah mlh` nf |ah Gnsmo|am`og`um|`b t`w `bwn
|`iho fsnj Hd}u|" `b|anxda |ah Dshhiw `||smcx|h m|w movho|mno |n `o
`s|mw| nf |ahms nto gnxo|s}" G`bbmj`gaxw" `o `sgam|hg|" u`mo|hs" `ol
wgxbu|ns"
tan hqhsgmwhl amw `s| `cnx| |ah
}h`s
<74 C/ G/
Vm|sxvmxw |hbbw ` bhdhol ns w|ns}nf |ah movho|mno nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o
g`um|`b/@ }nxod dmsb
nf Gnsmo|a
a`vmod lmhl" ahs oxswh ub`ghl mo
|ah |njc ` cs`gih| no tamga thsh
wh| nckhg|w jnw| lh`s |n ahs jmw*
|shww" `ol fns usn|hg|mno fsnj |ah
s`mo wah `bwn
ub`ghl
` b`sdh |mbh
nvhs |ah cs`gih|/ @ tmbl `g`o*
|axw" tanwh snn|w thsh xolhs*
oh`|a |ah nffhsmod" wush`l m|w
bh`vhw `snxol |ah nx|bmoh xo|mb
|ah |mbh gxsvhl |ahms |nuw nvhs `ol
nx|t`sl/ G`bbmj`gaxw" fmolmod
|ah fnsjw usnlxghl c} |amw
a`u*uhomod jnw| lhgns`|mvh" `uubmhl
|ahj |n amw gsh`|mno nf ` oht Nslhs nf `sgam|hg|xsh/
\amw g`um|`b t`w jnsh usnc`cb} lhvhbnuhl fsnj |ah bn|xw chbb*
wa`uhl Hd}u|m`o fnsj" |ah usmogmu`b lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah |tn chmod
mo |ahms ahmda| `ol usnuns|mnow/ Mo cn|a th a`vh ` wmjubh chbb*wa`uhl
fnsj nso`jho|hl c} bng`b v`smh|mhw nfbh`f`dh" |ah noh |`iho fsnj |ah
bn|xw ub`o|"`ol |ah n|ahs fsnj |ah jnsh wumo} `g`o|axw/
Mo |ah \hjubh nf |ah Tmolw" |ah g`um|`b wantw ` gnjcmo`|mno nf
ta`| mw ionto `w |ah #t`|hs bh`f# tm|a Dshhi `g`o|axw bh`vhw gnvhs*
mod |ah bnths uns|mno nf |ah g`um|`b `ol wxuhsunwhl xuno |ahms f`gh/
\amw t`|hs bh`f wxddhw|w |n ` gnowmlhs`cbh hq|ho| |ah fnsj nf bn|xw
xwhl c} |ah Hd}u|m`ow mo |ah g`um|`bw nf wnjh nf |ahms gnbxjow/ \ah
lhsmv`|mno nf |ah wumo`bw ns vnbx|hw" xwhl `w |ah} `sh no |ah `odbhw nf
|amw g`um|`b"mw on| wn ncvmnxw/
M| a`w `bwn chho wxddhw|hl |a`| |amw fnsj nf g`um|`b g`jh fsnj
4GTHSNF\&TMOL8*
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 077
|ah gxw|nj nf nso`jho|mod" no d`b` ngg`wmnow" |ah g`um|`bwnf |ah
Mnomg gnbxjo tm|a fbnthsw `olfnbm`dh"
tamga th iont thsh nf|ho
fhw|nnohl `ol ls`uhl ch|thho `ol `snxol |ahwh gnbxjow/ M| mw jnsh
usnc`cbh" anthvhs" |a`| |amw g`um|`b j`} a`vh chho wxddhw|hl c} |ah
lhgns`|hl Dshhi Mnomg fnsj9 |ah lhgns`|mno tm|a bh`f`dh nf |ah chbb*
wa`uhl uns|mno chmod jhshb} `o hq`ddhs`|mno nf |ah lhgns`|hl ohgimod
hjubn}hl mo wnjh hq`jubhw nf |ah xwh nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/ \ah
bh`vhw mo |ah g`um|`b`sh fshpxho|b} ls`to mo |ah gnovho|mno`b nx|bmoh
j`oohs wanto mo Ub`|h QBVMM" jhshb} fns h`wh mo sholhsmod9 cx|
|ah} wanxbl `g|x`bb} ch |sh`|hl
`f|hs |ah wumo} f`wamno nf |ah
`g`o|axw bh`f" wanto mo Fmd/ 6=/
Fxol`jho|`b Sxbh |n ch Nc*
whsvhl mo J`imod |ah Gnsmo|am`o
G`um|`b/ M| mw jnw| mjuns|`o|"mo
nslhs |n nc|`mo |ah chw| hffhg|
tm|a |ah Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`b" |a`|
|ah bh`f`dh `ol dsnt|a nf |ah
bh`vhw" `ol |ah fnsj nf |ah chbb"
wanxbl fnbbnt wa`sub} `ol gno*
|moxh |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo
wa`f| xu |n |ah unmo| tahsh |ah}
`sh `bbnthl |n gxsvh nff xolhs |ah
vnbx|hw `ol `c`gxw nf |ah g`um|`b/
\amw gxsvh mo m|whbf wanxbl ch
g`shfxbb} `ss`odhl wn |a`| m|w nx|*
bmoh tmbb wxddhw| |ah fmsj wxuuns|
|a`| mw hwwho|m`b mo nslhs |n nc|`mo
|ah chw| hffhg|/ Mf |ah bh`vhw usnkhg| ch}nol |ah bmoh nf |ah wa`f| `|
|ah cn||nj nf |ah g`um|`b" |ah nx|bmoh mw cxbdmod" xoo`|xs`b" `ol jnw|
xoubh`w`o| |n |ah h}h/
Hq`jubhw nf Gnsmo|am`o G`um|`bw/ \ah Gnsmo|am`o nslhs nffhsw
mo Dshhgh cx| ` vhs} wj`bb oxjchs nf lmffhsho| |}uhw/ Th fmol |a`|
Mg|moxw xwhl |amw nslhs mo |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn `| C`wwwh ns Uamd`bm`
`cnx| <70 C/ G/" fns noh mwnb`|hl gnbxjo ub`ghl ch|thho |tn wa`f|w
nf |ah Mnomg nslhs9 `ol |ahshfnsh |amw mow|`ogh" hqghu| fns |ah mo|hshw|
dmvho c} |ah lh|`mbw nf |ahg`um|`b"
mw nf bm||bh v`bxh/ \ah `c`gxw nf
|amw g`um|`b" tm|a m|w tmlh" ub`mo f`gh nso`jho|hl tm|a ` dhnjh|smg`b
Fmd/ 45/ G`um|`b fsnj \hjubh nf @unbbn
`| Uamd`bm`/
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076 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
fnsj/ \ah gnbxjow nf |ahwh |ashh hq`jubhw `sh wanto `| |ahms fxbb
ahmda| mo Ub`|h QBVMMM" tahsh |ah} `sh `ss`odhl wn `w |n ch h`wmb}
gnju`shl fns |ah lmffhshoghw mo |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah wa`f|w `ol |ahms
ho|`wmw" `w thbb `w fns |ah uxsunwh nf gno|s`w|mod |ah lmffhsho| Dshhi
|}uhwnf |ah g`um|`b m|whbf/ Mo `bb |ashh" |ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo mw
fbx|hl9 `ol mo nob} noh |a`| nf |ah \hjubh nf |ah Tmolw mw m| bhf|
tm|anx| ` c`wh" |ah n|ahs |tn wantmod ` v`sm`|mno nf |ah #@||mg# c`wh/
\ahwh Nslhsw jxw| ch whu`s`|hb} lhwgsmchl" mo`wjxga `w |ahsh `sh
ghs|`mo uhgxbm`sm|mhwmo h`ga |a`| j`} ch `||smcx|hl mo u`s| |n |ah mo*
lmvmlx`b shpxmshjho|w nf |ah whu`s`|h usncbhjw movnbvhl/
\nths nf |ah Tmolw/ \ah gx*
smnxw /wuhgmjho nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o
Nslhs nffhshl c} |ah v`sm`|mno xwhl
no |ah \nths nf |ah Tmolw `|
@|ahow Fmd/ 43-" mw thbb tns|a} nf
w|xl}/\ah gnbxjo" tambh nf |ah
|ashh
hq`jubhw kxw|
jho|mnohl |ah
b`|hw| mo l`|h" mw w|mbb |ah gsxlhw| mo
fnsj" |ah n|ahs |tn chmod jxga
jnsh shfmohl `ol ds`ghfxb mo|}uh/
Mo ho|`wmw" `ol mo |sh`|jho| nf wa`f|
`ol c`wh" m| fnbbntw vhs} gbnwhb} |ah
Dshhi Lnsmg jh|anl" chdmoomod |n
|`uhs fsnj |ah w|`s|" `w mw hbwhtahsh
jnshfxbb}
wanto mo lhwgsmcmod |ah@UM\@B.Fmd/ 47/ Gnsmo|am`o G`um|`b fsnj \nths ho|`wmw nf |a`| Nslhs" `ol tm|a |ah
fbx|hw sxoomod lmshg|b}lnto mo|n
|ah ub`|fnsj no tamga m| mw wh|9 cx| |ah wa`f| mw m|whbf jnsh wbholhs"
chmod hmda| `ol noh*px`s|hs lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" mogbxlmod |ah g`um|`b/
Chwmlhw |ah gnbxjo wanto mo Ub`|h QBVMMM" ` uhswuhg|mvh nf |ah g`u*
m|`b mw wanto mo Fmd/ 47" tambh |ah mo|hshw|mod `g`o|axw bh`f hjchbbmwa*
mod m| mw ls`to nx| `| ` b`sdhs wg`bh mo Fmd/ 6=/ Fmd/ 4< lmwub`}w |ah
ho|msh |nths" `bnod tm|a |ah xoxwx`b unsga xw`dh nf |ah gnbxjow" |ah
fmsw| Gb`wwmg mow|`ogh nf |ahms hjubn}jho| `f|hs |amw jnlhso f`wamno/
Gans`dmg Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw/ \ah lh|`mbw dmvho mo Ub`|h
QBMQ `sh |`iho fsnj |ah Gans`dmg Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw `|
@|ahow" `o hq`jubh nf |ah uxshw| Dshhi `s|" `ol |ah jnw| mo|hshw|mod
tamga th g`o fmol nf ` Gnsmo|am`o nslhs hjubn}hl no `o hq|hsmns/
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Fmd/ 4</ Shw|ns`|mno nf \nths nf |ah Tmolw" @|ahow/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 07=
\ah gmsgxb`s jnoxjho| tamga th g`bb |ah Gans`dmg Jnoxjho| nf
B}wmgs`|hw mw ch||hs lmwub`}hl mo m|w ho|msh|}mo Fmdw/ 48 `ol 46/ \ahsh
`sh |ashhw|huw"
h`ga nf vhs} wbmda| usnkhg|mno" `| |ah c`wh nf |amw jnox*
Fmd/ 46/ Gans`dmg Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw
jho|" mo `llm|mno |n |anwh wanto/ \amw j`} a`slb} ch gnowmlhshl
`w ` tanbb} w`|mwf`g|ns} mow|`ogh nf |ah Dshhi xwh nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o
Nslhs" `b|anxda m| mw |ah jnw| uhsfhg|hq|`o| hq`jubh/ Anthvhs" |ah
gnbxjow `||`gahl `w |ah} `sh |n ` cb`oi t`bb" jnsh `f|hs |ah f`wamno
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0<5 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
tamga |ah Snj`ow `f|hst`sl `lnu|hl mo |ahms Nslhsw |ah gmsgxb`s
ub`o" `ol |ah wj`bb wg`bh |ah |nths m|whbf chmod nob} `cnx| whvho fhh|
mo lm`jh|hs sholhs m| vhs} mjuhsfhg| fns nxs uxsunwh" gnowmlhsmod m|
fsnj `o} w|`olunmo|/ \ah lh|`mbw nf |amw jnoxjho| `sh ch||hs wanto
mo Ub`|h QBMQ" tahsh |ah lh|`mb nf |ah g`um|`b j`} ch w|xlmhl tm|a
jnshu`s|mgxb`sm|}/
\ah ho|`cb`|xsh fnbbntw gbnwhb} |ah |}uh wanto mo
Fmd/ 85" `ol mogbxlhw ` gnxswh nf lho|mbw" cx| b`giw |ah gsntomod
g}j`|mxj nf |ah Nslhs Ub`|h" m|w ub`gh chmod |`iho c} ` gnxswh nf
`gsn|hsm`" fnsjmod ` #gahog`x# ns gshw|mod `snxol |ah |nu nf |ah gsnto*
mod jhjchs/ \ah |ashh f`wgm`w ns f`ghw nf |ah `sgam|s`vh" `w wanto
no |ah gnsohs" `sh |sh`|hl mo ` s`|ahs wxddhw|mvh `ol xoxwx`b f`wamno/
\ah ch`x|mfxb `olsmgab}
fnbm`|hl gsntomod nso`jho| nf |ah jnoxjho|
mw wanto no |amw ub`|h `| ` b`sdhs wm{h" tambh |ah ds`ghfxb `g`o|axw
nso`jho| fbntmod lnto |ah snnf `ol bh`lmod xu |n |amw gho|s`b fh`|xsh
mw wanto mo lmshg| hbhv`|mno `w thbb `w mo ub`o `ol whg|mno/ \ah
#sxoomod lnd# ns t`vh nso`jho| ub`ghl no |ah snnf `cnvh `ol mowmlh nf
|ah gnxswh nf `gsn|hsm`" mw `bwn wanto mo lh|`mb/
\amw jnoxjho| t`w usnc`cb} gsntohl tm|a |ah hjcbhj`|mg
|smunl nf |ah Gans`dxw" hqhgx|hl mo jh|`b |ah |smunl *mw shuh`|hl mo |ah
t`bb fsmh{h-" `ol tm|a noh ns |tn axj`ofmdxshw" tambh |ah ho|`cb`|xsh
fsmh{h t`w nso`jho|hl mo |ah f`wamno wanto mo |ah shw|ns`|mno Fmd/ 44-/
\ah gnbxjo mo |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw a`w |tho|}*fnxs fbx|hw9
m|w ahmda| mw `cnx| hbhvho `ol noh*a`bf fhh|" `ol m| mw ` bm||bh jnsh |a`o
|ho |mjhw m|w lm`jh|hs" |ah g`um|`b chmod noh `ol |tn*|ho|aw lm`jh|hsw
mo ahmda|/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw ` bm||bh bhww |a`o noh*fmf|a |ah |n|`b ahmda|
nf |amw Nslhs" tambh |ah c`wh mo |amw u`s|mgxb`s hq`jubh mw hvmlho|b} wn
jxga mofbxhoghl c} m|w gnoohg|mno tm|a |ah cb`oi ts
`bb chamol" |a`| m|
g`o a`slb} ch gnowmlhshl `w |}umg`b" `b|anxda m| v`smhw cx| bm||bh
fsnj |a`| wanto mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs Ub`|h/ \ah gnbxjo mw wh|
/ xuno ` gno|moxnxw c`wh ns w|hu tm|a ` jnxblhl" sh|sh`|mod f`gh tamga
mw hvmlho|b} mo|holhl |n nffwh| |ah usnkhg|mno nf |ah chb| gnxswh choh`|a/
\ah wa`f| nf |amw gnbxjo mw |`uhshl jnsh oh`sb} `f|hs |ah Snj`o
f`wamno" mo`wjxga `w" chfnsh |ah ho|`wmw chdmow" m| mw w|s`mda| fns wnjh
lmw|`ogh `cnvh |ah c`wh jnxblmod/
\ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw/ Mo Ub`|h B cn|a |ah hq|hsmns `ol
mo|hsmns |sh`|jho| nf |ah \anbnw `| Fuml`xsnw `sh wanto mo lh|`mb/
Th `d`mo fmol |a`| |amw mow|`ogh nf |ah xwh nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhsw
jxw| ch |`iho `w ` jnw| ch`x|mfxb `ol molmvmlx`b hq`jubh/ \ah
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0<3 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
On| |ah bh`w| mo|hshw|mod u`s| nf |amw cxmblmod mw |ah fnsj nf |ah
Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs tamga th fmol ahsh xwhl/
Chbnodmod
|n |amw b`|h
uhsmnl" m| j`} uhsa`uw ch gnowmlhshl `w ` shfmohjho| xuno |amw Nslhs"
hvho `w xwhl mo |ah U`s|ahono/ M| mw ghs|`mob} pxm|h `w shfmohl `o
mow|`ogh" tambh |ah nso`jho|hl `ol bhww whvhsh ga`s`g|hs tamga m| mw
ahsh dmvho mw gnjjhol`cbh" gnowmlhsmod |ah xwh nf |ah gnbxjow no `
cxmblmod nf gmsgxb`s ub`o Fmd/ 41-/ \ah gsntomod gahoh`x Ub`|h B-"
tm|a |ah bmno$w ah`l fns |ah t`|hswunx|" mw xoxwx`bb} ch`x|mfxb9 tambh
|ah Dshhi fsh|" xwhl cn|a ahsh `ol no |ah mo|hsmns ho|`cb`|xsh nf |ah
Fmd/ 41/ Ub`o nf |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw/
cxmblmod" mw |ah fnsj |n tamga |ah Dshhiw |ahjwhbvhw `sh jnw| u`s|m`b
`ol tamga |ah} hvmlho|b} gnowmlhshl `w |ah jnw| mo|hshw|mod lhvhbnu*
jho| nf |amw uxshb} dhnjh|smg`b nso`jho| |n tamga |ah} a`l `||`mohl/
\ah g`svmod nf |ah whu`s`|h jhjchsw" fsnj |ah mo|hsmns ho|`cb`|xsh"
wanto mo lh|`mb no |amw w`jh ub`|h" mw hqghu|mno`bb} ch`x|mfxb `ol uxsh
mo m|w |}uh9 tambh |ah sxoomod lnd" |`iho fsnj |ah u`ohb mo |ah wnffm| nf
|ah `jcxb`|ns} ch|thho |ah Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjow `ol |ah t`bb nf |ah
cxmblmod" mw hwuhgm`bb} mo|hshw|mod mo m|w whg|mno`b |sh`|jho|/
\ah gnbxjo ahsh hjubn}hl mw amdahs |a`o mo |ah h`sbmhs hq`jubhw"
chmod |ho lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|9 cx| m| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| jnw| nf |amw
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iw
s
\ / s " | "
Fmd/ 4=/
UB@\H QBVMM/@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBVMM/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 0<7
`llm|mno`b ahmda| mw |`iho xu c} |ah g`um|`b m|whbf" tambh |ah ahmda| nf
|ah wa`f| shj`mow us`g|mg`bb} |ah w`jh/
Dhohs`b \}uh nf Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs/ \ah wa`f| nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o
gnbxjo mw dsnnvhl tm|a |tho|}*fnxs ga`oohbw" |ah w`jh mo oxjchs `ol
mo wa`uh `w |anwh tamga nso`jho| |ah Mnomg gnbxjo/ \ah c`wh mw
`bwn |ah w`jh9 `ol m| mw |ah hbhv`|mno nf |ahg`um|`b" tm|a m|w ls`to*nx|
o`ssnt fnsj" |a`| `llw `uu`sho| ahmda| |n |ah wa`f| `ol j`ihw |ah
Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjo `uuh`s jnsh *hbhd`o|/
\ah ahmda| nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn lm`jh|hsw `ol
noh*a`bf" |ah lm`jh|hs chmod" `w `bt`}w" |`iho `| |ah cn||nj nf |ah
wa`f|/ \ahwh usnuns|mnow" `b|anxda dhohs`bb} `ljm||hl" `sh on|
mov`sm`cbh9 cx| |ah} j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w ` jh`o" fnxolhl no |ah
hq`jubhw nf tamga th iont" `b|anxda |ah} `sh `ljm||hlb} vhs} fht
mo oxjchs/
\ah ho|`cb`|xsh lmffhsw cx|wbmda|b}
fsnj |ah noh th a`vh `bsh`l}
whho no |ah Mnomg Nslhs mo |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w `| Usmhoh"
wanto mo Ub`|h QBVM9 `ol ` gnju`smwno nf |amw hq`jubh tm|a Ub`|h
QBVMM tmbb want ta`| wbmda| ga`odh a`w chho j`lh fsnj |amw gnsomgh
mo m|w dhohs`b usnuns|mnow/
\ah `sgam|s`vh mw lmvmlhl mo|n |ashh c`olw ns f`wgm`w" `ol |ah
fsmh{h mw ub`mo"ns mw nso`jho|hl tm|a lh|`gahl fmdxshw wgxbu|xshl `f|hs
` o`|xs`bmw|mg f`wamno/
\ah usnuns|mnownf |ah gnsomgh |n |ah ho|msh ho|`cb`|xsh `sh
wnjhta`| ga`odhl fsnj |ah |}umg`bMnomg fnsj" `w m| mw ah`vmhs `ol
jnsh mo |ah shb`|mno |n |ah tanbh |a`| m| `f|hst`slw cnsh mo Snj`o
tnsi/ \ah lho|mb" tamga fmsw| `uuh`shl mo |ah Mnomg gnsomgh" a`w c}
ont `||`mohl ` jnsh lhfmom|h lho|mgxb`s hqushwwmno" ``l th fmol |amw
jhjchs xwhl mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o gnsomgh no cn|a |ah \hjubh nf |ah
Tmolw `ol |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw/ \ah Dshhiw hvmlho|b} fmsw|
xwhl |ah shdxb`s Mnomg ho|`cb`|xsh tm|a |amw oht g`um|`b9 cx| |ah
ohghwwm|} fns ` ah`vmhs `ol jnsh hb`cns`|h gnsomgh |n dn tm|a m| t`w `|
nogh dhohs`bb} `uu`sho|" wn |ah lho|mgxb`s gnsomgh" tamga a`l chho |smhl
` fht |mjhw tm|a |ah shdxb`s Mnomg gnbxjo" t`whvmlho|b} `lnu|hl `w
jnsh `uusnusm`|h fns xwh tm|a |amw smgahs Nslhs/ @ol ahsh`f|hs th
fmol |a`| |ah lho|mgxb`s gnsomgh mw s`shb} xwhl tm|a |ah Dshhi Mnomg
nslhs tm|amo Dshhgh m|whbf/
Mo |ah Nslhs Fmd/ 4=- fsnj @wahs Chok`jmo" mw ` lh|`mb nf |ah
Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`btm|a |ah usmogmu`b lmjhowmnow fns |ah lmffhsho| u`s|w
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0<< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
nf |ah Nslhs nf tamga m| gnjunwhw ` u`s|/\n hum|njm{h |ah w|xl} nf
|amw Nslhs" Ub`|h QBVMMM wantw mo ` wns| nfu`s`bbhb |ah `wwhjcbhl
|ashh jnw| gxsmnxw |}uhwnf Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`bw nf tamga th iont/
\ahwh `sh fsnj |ah Jnoxjho| nfB}wmgs`|hw" |ah Unsga fsnj |ah
\nths nf |ah Tmolw" `ol |ah G`um|`b nf |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw/
M| mw mo |ah Mnom`o vmbb`dhwnf @wm` Jmons |a`| |ah Nslhs t`w jnw|
xwhl fns |ah lhgns`|mno nf |ah uns|mgnw `ol ghbb`w nf |hjubhw9 `ol |ah
g`um|`b fsnj |ah \hjubh nf [hxw `| @|ahow mw |ah |}uh jnw| fshpxho|b}
xwhl mo @wm` Jmons `ol moM|`b}/
@f|hs |ah Snj`o gnopxhw| m| t`w
fshpxho|b} hjubn}hl9 `ol" |s`owub`o|hl |n Snjh" |ah vhswmno nf |ah
Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs |ahsh lhvhbnuhl jh| tm|a |ah dsh`|hw| f`vns/
G`s}`|mlw/ \ah Dshhiw" mo ub`gh nf gnbxjow" ngg`wmno`bb} xwhl
|ah fmdxshw lhonjmo`|hl g`s}`|mlw fns |ah wxuuns| nf |ahms ho|`cb`|xshw"
|ah jnw| f`jnxw hq`jubh nf tamga mw |ah unsga nf |ah \smubh \hjubh
nf |ah Hshga|ahxj `| @|ahow/ M| mw unwwmcbh |a`| |ah xwh nf axj`o
fmdxshw fns |amw uxsunwh j`} a`vh chho wxddhw|hl c} wnjh nf |ah h`sbmhs
Hd}u|m`o umhswns gnbxjow g`svhl tm|a |ah fmdxshw nf imodw `ol
dnlw/
\ah xwh nf ` axj`o fmdxsh mo |ah ub`gh nf ` gnbxjo |n wxuuns|
`o ho|`cb`|xsh" j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w unwwmcb} ` fnxs|a Dshhi #Nslhs/#
\ahsh `sh |tn v`smh|mhw nf |amw Nslhs" |ah Uhswmg `ol |ah G`s}`|ml/
\ah Uhswmg gnsshwunolw |n |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo" |ah w|`|xh nf ` j`o
|`imod |ah ub`gh nf |ah wa`f|" `ol |ah ho|`cb`|xsh ahsh w|mbb u`s|`ihw
nf |ah Lnsmg ga`s`g|hs9 tambh mo |ah G`s}`|ml Nslhs |ah gnbxjo mw
shub`ghl c} ` tnj`o" `ol |ah ho|`cb`|xsh u`s|`ihw jnsh nf `o Mnomg
ga`s`g|hs/
\ah Uhswmg Nslhs t`w hjubn}hl mo |ah ghbb` nf |ah dmd`o|mg \hj*
ubh nf [hxw `| @dsmdho|xj9 `ol m| whhjw |n a`vh chho nf|ho xwhl `w
|ah whgnol Nslhs tamga th fmol ub`ghl nvhs |ah gnbxjo mo |ah gho|hs
`mwbh nf j`o} Dshhi |hjubhw |n wxuuns| |ah ho|`cb`|xsh" no tamga mo
|xso shw|hl |ah gnvhsmod nf |ah o`nw ns o`vh/
Th fmol no |ah @gsnunbmw `| @|ahow" no |ah f`gh nf |ah Hshga|ahxj
|nt`slw |ah U`s|ahono" ` wxuhsc hq`jubh nf |ah G`s}`|ml nslhs
Fmd/ 15-/ \amw mw |ah nob} mow|`ogh nf |ah xwh nf fmdxshw |n shub`gh
gnbxjow mo |amw unwm|mno" tahsh |ah} |`ih |ah ub`gh nf ` usmogmu`b Nslhs
`ol `sh `g|x`bb} ub`ghl mo lmshg| gnju`smwno" c} |ahms gbnwh kxq|`unwm*
|mno" |n b`sdh Mnomg wa`f|w/ \ah g`s}`|mlw `sh ihu| mo wg`bh tm|a |ah
cxmblmod `ol wxssnxolmodw" `ol w|mbb `||`mo |ah shpxmwm|h ahmda| c} |ah
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 0<8
wmjubh hquhlmho| nf ub`gmod |ahj xuno ` wans| whg|mno nf t`bb" ns uhlhw*
|`b" |sh`|hl tm|a `o nso`|h Mnomg `o|wh g`u `ol c`wh*jnxbl Fmd/ 10-/
\amw mw us`g|mg`bb} |ah fmsw| mow|`ogh nf |ah w|}bnc`|h chmod dmvho wxga
` lmw|mog|mvh `ol lmffhsho| |sh`|jho|9 `ol/ m| t`w on| |mbb `bjnw| 055
}h`sw b`|hs |a`| |ah gnbxjow nf |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw thsh
ub`ghl no |ahms s`mwhl c`whjho| nsuhlhw|`b"
` gxw|nj tamga |ah
Snj`ow b`|hs `lnu|hl mo j`o} nf |ahms cxmblmodw/
Mo ub`gh nf g`um|`bw" |ahwh w|`|xhw g`ss} no |ahms ah`lw ` wns| nf
gxwamno nf snxol jnxblmodw Fmd/ 13-" tamga mo |xso g`ssmhw |ah ho*
|`cb`|xsh/ Cx| |anxda |ah ho|`cb`|xsh `uusn`gahw |a`| nf |ah Mnomg
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V
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 0<4
Nslhs mo |ah smgaohww `ol hbh*
d`ogh
nf m|w lhgns`|mno" `ol
ushwho|w` jnw| ch`x|mfxb wmj*
mb`sm|}|n |ah Mnomg" th on|mgh
|a`| |ah fsmh{h nf |ah ho|`cb`*
|xsh mw gnjubh|hb} wxuushwwhl/
Mo hffhg| |ah gnsomgh shw|w lm*
shg|b}no |ah jnxblmodw gsnto*
mod |ah `sgam|s`vh/
\ah g`s}`|ml /wnjh|mjhw
wxuuns|hl ` gnjubh|h Mnomg ns
Gnsmo|am`o /g`um|`b xuno m|w
ah`l" mo |ah ub`gh nf |ah
jnxblmodw fnxol no |ah g`s}*
`|ml mo |ah Hshga|ahxj |sm*
cxoh" |anxda |ahsh mw on hq|`o|
hq`jubh chbnodmod |n ` dnnl
hunga" nf wxga |sh`|jho|/
DSHHI LH\@MBW
Hshga|ahxj Lnnst`}/ @
lnnst`} `ol tmolnt fsnj |ah
Hshga|ahxj `| @|ahow `sh
ls`to nx| mo Fmdw/ 17 `ol 1</
Mo Fmd/ 1< |ah gnjubh|h lnns*
t`} Fmd/ 18- mw wanto" tambh
mo Fmd/ 17 |ah lh|`mbw `sh ls`to
nx| `| ` b`sdhs wg`bh/ \ah
tmolnt mw ub`ghl mowmlh |ah
lnns nuhomod" tm|a |ah whg|mnow
nf |ah `sgam|s`vh `ol wmbb ub`ghl
mjjhlm`|hb} `cnvh m|/ \ah
usnuns|mnow nf |amw lnnst`}
`ol tmolnt `sh |}umg`b nf |anwh
hjubn}hl mo |ah chw| Dshhi
w|sxg|xshw9`ol m| tmbb ch nc*
whsvhl |a`| |ah tml|a nf |ah
nuhomod `| |ah |nu mw o`ssnths
LH\@MBG@S+\mLH+UNS/GA
HSHGA\MHVJ
Fmd/ 13"
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DSHHMG LH\@MBW"# ;9 ;
N N N P N
4;6*
$LNNST@]*
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 080
mo h`ga g`wh |a`o m| mw `| |ah cn||nj" |ah bmohw |`uhsmod |n wnjh v`o*
mwamod unmo| no |ah gho|hs bmoh `cnvh" tahsh |ah} tnxbl mo|hswhg|/
\ah tml|a nf |ah `sgam|s`vh o`ssntw mo |ah w`jh usnuns|mno `w m|
oh`sw |ah |nu nf |ah nuhomod/ \amw tmbbwxffmgmho|b} molmg`|h" fsnj `o
hq`jubh nf |ah chw| uhsmnl" |ah dhohs`b usmogmubhw fnbbnthl c} |ah
Dshhiw mo |ahms xwh nf lnnsw `ol tmolntw/
W|hbh Gshw|modw/ \ah gshw|mod nso`jho|w wanto mo Fmd/ 16 thsh
xwhl c} |ah Dshhiw |n fmomwa nff |ah |nuw nf |ahms jnoxjho|`b w|hbwh ns
wa`f|w" nohnf
tamgamw
wanto`| fxbb
ahmda|mo |ah
xuuhsgho|s`b
uns|mnonf |amw ls`tmod/ \ah g`svmod nggxsw no |ah fsno| `ol sh`s nf |ah
wa`f|" tamga mw nf gnju`s`|mvhb} wj`bb |amgiohww" chmod `w o`ssnt `w
|ah j`|hsm`b hjubn}hl tmbb `bbnt/ \ah Dshhiw lhvmwhl ` dsh`| v`smh|}
nf nso`jho|w fns |amw uxsunwh" `bb wmjmb`s mo |}uh |n |ah nohw ahsh
mbbxw|s`|hl9 cx| |ah hmda| hq`jubhw shusnlxghl j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w
f`msb} shushwho|`|mvhnf wnjh nf |ah chw| dhohs`b |}uhw/
\AH HO\@WMW NF \AH DSHHI GNBXJO\ah Dshhiw" mo usnuns|mnomod |ahms Lnsmg gnbxjow" `ssmvhl `| `o
`uu`sho| w}w|hj nf ho|`wmw |a`| mw s`lmg`bb} lmffhsho| fsnj |ah jnsh
gxw|nj`s} jh|anl hjubn}hl no `bb Snj`o gnbxjow/
On u`s| nf |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo mw u`s`bbhbtm|a m|w
`qmw ns gho|hs bmoh/ Fsnj |ah vhs} cn||nj" |ah wa`f| wbnuhw mo |n*
t`slw |ah gho|hs" |amw wbnuh mogsh`wmod `w m| oh`sw |ah ohgi nf |ah gnb*
xjo" mo uns|mnow nf `sgw nf gmsgbhw nf ` v`s}mod |anxda b`sdh s`lmxw/
\amw gnxbl on| ch lhwgsmchl `w ` |sxh `sg" anthvhs" mo`wjxga `w `| |ah
cn||nj |ah bmoh mw `bjnw| w|s`mda| fns wnjh lmw|`ogh/ C} shfhssmod
|n Fmd/ 14" |ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah U`s|ahono" wanto mo Ub`|h QQQVMM"
tmbb ch fnxol ls`to nx| tm|a wuhgm`b shfhshogh |n m|w nx|bmoh ns ho|`wmw/
Mo |ah jmllbh nf |ah wahh|" `| |ah|nu"
|ah ub`ow nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah
ohgi `ol c`wh `sh wanto hob`sdhl |n noh `ol noh*a`bf |mjhw |ah wm{h
nf |ah gnbxjo wanto mo hbhv`|mno 9 `ol ahsh |ah lm`jh|hsw |asnxda |ah
gnbxjo `| |ah unmo|w j`sihl no |ah wa`f| `sh wanto jnsh hq`g|b}/
\ah|n|`b ahmda|nf |ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo mw lmvmlhl mo|n wmq hpx`m u`s|w"
`ol oxjchshl fsnj noh" chdmoomod `| |ah ohgi" |n whvho `| |ah c`wh/
\ah lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah lm`jh|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah ohgi `ol `|
|ah c`wh mw lmvmlhl" no |ah s`lm`b bmoh" mo|n `o hpx`b oxjchs nfu`s|w"
`ol oxjchshl gnsshwunolmodb} fsnj noh `| |ah ohgi |n whvho `| |ah
c`wh" |ahwh bmohw chmod hq|holhl u`s`bbhb |n |ah bmoh nf `qmw xo|mb |ah}
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DSHADNSO@JHO\_
W\NBH*GSHW\W
Fmd/ 16/
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Umd/ 14"
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08< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
mo|hswhg| |ah bmohw `| smda| `odbhw |n |ahj |a`| lmvmlh |ah gnbxjo mo|n
|ah wmq u`s|w kxw|shfhsshl |n/ M| tmbb |aho ch fnxol |a`|" `w mw wanto
`| |ah smda| nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|" |ahwh unmo|wtmbb gnmogmlh tm|a
|ahnx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo tamga u`wwhw |asnxda |ahj" hqghu| `| |ah |tn
unmo|w oxjchshl fnxs `ol fmvh/ @w mw wanto jnsh gbh`sb} no |ah n|ahs
wmlh nf |ah gnbxjo" tahsh |ah ln||hl bmoh molmg`|hw ` w|s`mda| bmoh ls`to
ch|thho |ah unmo|w noh `ol whvho" |ah wthbbmod nf |ah gnbxjo nggxsw
ch|thho unmo|w wmq `ol |ashh9 `ol |ahshfnsh" `| |ah unmo|w oxjchshl
fnxs `ol fmvh" |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo mwwbmda|b} ch}nol |ah unmo| nf
mo|hswhg|mno nf |ah |tn bmohw |a`| th a`vh kxw| lhwgsmchl/ \amw tmbb mo
|ah j`mo lh|hsjmoh ` dhohs`b wgahjh fns `ss`odmod tm|a wnjh gnsshg|*
ohww |ah ho|`wmw nf |ah gnbxjo nx|bmoh nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" `b*
|anxda m| v`smhw wnjhta`| mo h`ga nf |ah lmffhsho| nbl hq`jubhw/
\ah Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo fnbbntw ` lmffhsho| w}w|hj/ \amw wa`f|
`bwn a`w on uns|mno nf m|w nx|bmoh |a`| mwu`s`bbhb
tm|a |ah `qmw nf |ah
gnbxjo" cx| |ah nx|bmoh mw `| `bb unmo|w jnsh oh`sb} u`s`bbhb |a`o t`w
|sxh nf |ah Lnsmg wa`f|/ \amw mw on| nob} chg`xwh nf |ah wbmda| lmffhs*
hogh ch|thho |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi `ol c`wh" `ol |ah
dsh`|hs ahmda|nf |ah gnbxjo" cx| `bwn chg`xwh |ah bnths uns|mno nf |ah wa`f| jnsh
oh`sb} `uusnqmj`|hw ` uhsuholmgxb`s bmoh |a`o mo |ah h`sbmhs Nslhs/
@w th a`vh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl" mo noh mow|`ogh |ahsh mw ` vhs} bmda|
chbb}no |ah Mnomg wa`f|" tahshc} m|w lm`jh|hs `| ` unmo| noh*|amsl |ah
ahmda| nf |ah wa`f| `cnvh |ah c`wh mw 7_ dsh`|hs |a`o m| mw `| m|w bnths
lm`jh|hs/ \amw mw |ah hqghu|mno" anthvhs" `ol |ah wa`f| wanto mo
Fmd/ 14 mw lmjhowmnohl `f|hs |ah jnsh dhohs`b Dshhi gxw|nj/
\amw wa`f| mw `bwn lmvmlhl mo|n wmq hpx`b u`s|w" `ol |ah bmoh nf |ah
lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi mw wh| nff no |ah gmsgbh hqushwwmod |ah ub`o `| |ah
c`wh/ \ah lmw|`ogh no |amw gmsgbh mw |aho lmvmlhl mo|n wmq hpx`b u`s|w"
`ol mw oxjchshl gnsshwunolmodb} tm|a |ah lmvmwmnow no |ah wa`f| nf
|ah gnbxjo" `w th a`vh `bsh`l} lnoh mo tnsimod nx| |ah Lnsmg ho|`wmw/
\ah unmo|w lh|hsjmohl no |amw ub`o nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah c`wh `sh |aho
hq|holhl" `w chfnsh" xo|mb |ah} mo|hswhg| |ah bmohw lmvmlmod" `| smda|
`odbhw |n |ahj" |ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo" tamga tmbb lh|hsjmoh |ah unmo|w
|asnxda tamga |ah gnbxjo nx|bmoh wanxbl u`ww/ \amw jh|anl lh|hs*
jmohw nf m|whbf |ah hq`g| mogsh`wh nf |ah #|xjcbh*anjh# nf |ah gnbxjo
mo m|w xuuhs uns|mnow/ \ah `sg lhwgsmchl c} |amw nx|bmoh `uusnqmj`|hw"
`b|anxda m| lnhw on| hq`g|b} gnmogmlh tm|a" ` a}uhscnbmg gxsvh/
\ah Dshhi Gnsmo|am`o wa`f| a`w on wh| `ol lh|hsjmohl ho|`wmw/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 088
H`ga nf |ah |ashh hq`jubhw wanto mo Ub`|h QBVMMM fnbbntw ` lmffhsho|
jh&nl/ \ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah \hjubh nf |ah Tmolw
wanxbl ch b`ml nx| c} |ah Lnsmg jh|anl" |ah lmffhsho| hffhg| chmod dmvho
c} |ah gnju`s`|mvhb} wj`bb lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah
ohgi `ol `| |ah c`wh" `w thbb `w c} |ah hq|s` ahmda| nf |ah wa`f| `ol |ah
fnsj nf |ahg`um|`b/ \ah wa`f| fsnj |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw
fnbbntw vhs} oh`sb} |ah Mnomg jh|anl" lmffhsmod fsnjm|" anthvhs" mo
|a`| |ah bnths noh*|amsl nf |ah gnbxjo mw mo nx|bmoh jnsh oh`sb} u`s`bbhb
|n |ah bmoh nf |ah `qmw |a`o |ah jh|anl th a`vh lhwgsmchl fns lh|hsjmo*
mod |ah Mnomg wa`f|/ \ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw fnbbntw
|ah jh|anl `f|hst`slw xwhl c} |ah Snj`ow" |ah bnths noh*|amsl nf |ah
gnbxjo chmod w|s`mda| `ol uhsuholmgxb`s" tm|a |ah nx|bmoh u`s`bbhb tm|a
|ah bmoh nf `qmw" tambh `cnvh |amw unmo| |ah lmjmox|mno mw lh|hsjmohl
c} |ah w`jh usnghww `w th hjubn}hl no |ah wa`f| nf |ah Mnomg gnbxjo"
chmod shw|smg|hl mo m|w `uubmg`|mno" anthvhs" |n |ah xuuhs |tn*|amslw nf
|ah gnbxjo wa`f|/
DSHHI MO\HSGNBXJOM@\MNO
\ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf ` gnbnoo`lh mw |ah wu`gmod `u`s| nf |ah
gnbxjow" |ah lmw|`ogh dmvho chmod |a`| mo |ah gbh`s ch|thho |ahj/
\ah lmw|`oghw ch|thho |ah gho|hsw nf |ah gnbxjow `sh mov`sm`cb} noh
lm`jh|hs jnsh |a`o |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno ns wu`gh ch|thho/
Lnsmg Mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ \ah wu`gmod nf `bb Lnsmg gnbxjow mw
lh|hsjmohl c} |ah bng`|mno mo |ah fsmh{h nf |ah |smdb}ua `ol jx|xbh"
|ah gnbxjo mov`sm`cb} gnjmod choh`|a |ahwh nso`jho|w/ Mo |ah chw|
/Dshhi tnsi |ah gnbxjow `sh wn wu`ghl |a`| |ahsh mw cx| noh |smdb}ua
nvhs |ah nuhomod ch|thho |ahj9 `ol |amw `ss`odhjho| mw |hsjhl
jnon|smdb}uamg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ \ahsh `sh ` fht mow|`oghw tahsh
|ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno a`w chho mogsh`whl wn |a`| |tn|smdb}uaw
gnjh mo |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah gnbxjow" taho m| mw ionto `w lm|sm:
db}uamg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ \amw xw`dh mo |sxh Dshhi tnsi mw vhs}
s`sh" hqghu| mo wnjh wxga wuhgm`b mow|`ogh `w |a`| wanto mo |ah
Usnu}bwh`
`| @|ahow Fmd/ 11-" tahsh" mo nslhs |n dh| |ah tml|a ohghw*
w`s} fns wxga `o mjuns|`o| ho|s`ogh t`}" |ah |tn gho|hs gnbxjow `sh
dmvho |amw tmlh wu`gmod/ \ah Dshhiw" `w a`w `bsh`l} chho w`ml"
ub`ghl |ah |smdb}ua `| |ah vhs} gnsohs nf |ah fsmh{h9 `ol" `w |ah jh|nuh
mw mov`sm`cb} wpx`sh" m| |aho chgnjhw mjunwwmcbh fns |ah gho|hs nf |ah
|smdb}ua |n gnjh nvhs |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo mo hm|ahs hbhv`|mno" `w
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086 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
|ah ub`gmod nf |ah b`||hs mo shb`|mno |n `ol mo ub`oh tm|a |ah f`gh nf |ah
fsmh{h `cnvh mw ` jnsh mjuns|`o| gnowmlhs`|mno/ \amw g`xwhw |ah
gnbxjow `| |ah gnsohs nf |ah cxmblmod |n gnjh gbnwhs |n h`ga n|ahs |a`o
`o}tahsh hbwh `bnod |ah gnbnoo`lh" `ol |ah hffhg| m|whbf mw ohm|ahs
xoubh`w`o| ons vhs} `uu`sho|" |amw hq|s` w|shod|ahomod nf |ah gnsohs
nf |ah cxmblmod ns |ah hol nf |ah gnbnoo`lh whhjmod o`|xs`b `ol |n ch
lhj`olhl c} |ah h}h nf |ah ncwhsvhs/ C} `d`mo shfhssmod |n Fmd/ 11"
|ah f`=`lh nf |ah Usnu}bwh` `| @|ahow fnsjmod ` wmq*gnbxjohl ho|s`ogh
j m x j m m A m
Fmd/ 11/ \ah Usnu}b`h`" @|ahow/
uns|mgn" |ah xwx`b jh|anlw nf wu`gmod |ah Dshhi Lnsmg nslhs mw `jub}
mbbxw|s`|hl/ \ah gho|s`b wu`gh9 |ah usmogmu`b ho|s`ogh |n |ah @gsnunbmw
`cnvh" lhj`olhl ` tmlhs nuhomod |a`o |a`| dmvho c} |ah jnon|sm*
db}uamg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno" |ahshfnsh |ah cxmblhsw vhs} o`|xs`bb} mo*
gsh`whl |amw gho|hs nuhomod c} j`imod |ah wu`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow lm|sm*
db}uamg/\ah |tn wu`ghw no hm|ahs wmlh nf |amw `sh b`ml nx| no |ah
shdxb`s jnon|smdb}uamg w}w|hj nf mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno" `w tmbb ch sh`lmb}
whho 9tambh |ah |tn nx|wmlh wu`ghw" gnjmod `| |ah gnsohs nf |ah cxmbl*
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LH\@MBWFSNJ
GANS@DMDJNO
UB@\H QBMQ/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 084
DSHHI/+LNSMG
mod" shpxmsh |ah gbnwhs ub`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow" no `ggnxo| nf |ah |sm*
db}ua mo |ah fsmh{h nggxssmod `| |ah `odbh/
\amw w}w|hj nf wu`gmod mw s`|ahs mo|hshw|modb} wanto mo Fmd/ 1="
tahsh m| tmbb ch on|mghl |a`|" tm|a |ah hqghu|mno nf |ah \hjubh nf
Uambmu"`o hq`jubh nf wj`bb wm{h
`ol gnju`s`|mvh xomjuns|`ogh"
`bb nf |ah n|ahs thbb*ionto
cxmblmodw tanwh gnbxjo wu`gmod
mw |ahsh mbbxw|s`|hl mo ub`o `sh
wanto |n a`vh jnon|smdb}uamg
mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ N f gnxswh"
xwmod `w gbnwh ` wu`gmod nf ah`v}
gnbxjow `| ` wj`bb wg`bh `w |amw
shpxmshw" dmvhw vhs} bm||bh tml|a
ch|thho |ahj9 `ol mo |amw hqghu*
|mno |ah \hjubh nf Uambmu-" hvho
tm|a lm|smdb}uamg mo|hsgnbxjom`*
|mno" |ahsh mw w|mbb wnjh|amod bhww
|a`o whvho fhh| gbh`s nuhomod9
tambh" mf |ah xwx`b wu`gmod a`l
chho hjubn}hl" |ahsh tnxbl a`vh
chho nob} `cnx| fnxs fhh|" `w
wanto mo |ah wj`bb \hjubh nf
@unbbn mo |ah w`jh mbbxw|s`|mno/
Mnomg Mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/
\ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf |ah
Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs mw wanto mo
fnxs thbb*ionto hq`jubhw mo Fmd/
=5" `f|hs |ah w`jh f`wamno `w mo
|ah mbbxw|s`|mno nf Dshhi Mnomg
wu`gmod/ Taho shbmhvhl fsnj |ah
a`juhsmod shw|smg|mnow nf |ah
jx|xbh*|smdb}ua wu`gmodnf |ah
Lnsmg nslhs" th mjjhlm`|hb} fmol Fmd( d=/
jnsh lmvhsdhogh mo |ah shb`|mvh
ub`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow" `b|anxda" mo |ah |tn hq`jubhw wanto fsnj |ah
Hshga|ahxj noh nf |ah Ons|a Unsga" ns Uns|mgn |n |ah \hjubh nf
Jmohsv` Unbm`w" mo tamga fnxs gnbxjow thsh hjubn}hl9 `ol |ah n|ahs
080
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081 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
+ DSHHI/+ MNOMG* _
*MO\HSkGNBXJOb@\bPO_
fsnj |ah wmq*gnbxjohl ho|s`ogh |n |ah h`w| th fmol `| nogh |ah wj`bb*
hw| `ol |ah dsh`|hw| lmw|`ogh ch|thho |ah gnbxjow" |ah fnsjhs chmod
wu`ghl `u`s| no gho|hsw hmda| jnlxbhw ns fnxs lm`jh|hsw" bh`vmod `omo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf |ashh lm`jh|hsw mo |ah gbh`s" tambh |ah b`||hs `sh
wu`ghl wmq jnlxbhw ns |ashh lm`jh|hsw no gho|hsw" tm|a `o mo|hsgnbxj*
om`|mno nf |tn lm`jh|hsw/ Mo u`s| |amw lmffhshogh j`} ch `ggnxo|hl
fns c} |ah f`g| |a`| |ah
tmlhs `ol f`||hs uhlm*
jho| nf |ah b`||hs hq`j*
ubh shpxmshw jnsh `uu`s*
ho| wxuuns|" `w xolnxc|*
hlb} tnxbl ch |sxh/ @w
|ah Dshhiw a`l |ah dnnl
|`w|h |n `vnml ub`gmod `
gnbxjo choh`|a |ah gho*
|hs nf ` uhlmjho| tamga
tnxbl ch xoo`|xs`b
tahsh"`w mo |amw
mow|`ogh"`o ho|s`ogh lnnst`}gnjhw no |ah gho|hs bmoh
nf |ah uhlmjho| |ah}
thsh gnjuhbbhl |n mo*
gsh`wh |ah oxjchs nf
gnbxjow fsnj fnxs |n wmq/
Ohvhs|ahbhww" |ah Ons|a
Unsga Ub`|h QBMV-"
tm|a m|w tmlhs mo|hsgn*
bxjom`|mno" shj`mow `
jnsh ubh`wmod hq`jubh
nf usnuns|mno`|h wu`gmod |a`o |ah usmogmu`b ho|s`ogh uns|mgnno |ah
w`jh cxmblmod/
Gnsmo|am`o Mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno" Fsnj |ah fht hq`jubhw nf |ah
xwh nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs bhf| xw
c}
|ah Dshhiw" m| tnxbl ch mokxlmgm*
nxw |n lhlxgh `o} dhohs`b sxbh fns |ahms mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno" mo`wjxga
`w h`ga hq`jubh mw `o molmvmlx`b wnbx|mno nf ` wuhgm`b usncbhj/ Mo
|ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw" |ah wu`gmod nf wmq jnlxbhw `ol wmq u`s|w
no gho|hsw t`w hjubn}hl 9cx| m| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`| |amw jnox*
jho| t`w gmsgxb`s mo ub`o `ol |ah tanbh Nslhs vhs} wj`bb mo wg`bh" |ah
* \HJUBH NO\**0BB82WXW *
Fmd/ =5/
083
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HUML@VS58
DSHHILNS0N@OL$GLSL\MM@O_NSLHSW+
UB@\H B/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h B/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 08=
fmsw| f`g| hwuhgm`bb} a`vmod ` vhs} mjuns|`o| ch`smod no |ah mo|hsgnbxj*
om`|mno nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w9 tambh |ahms chmod hod`dhl |n |ah t`bb
wxsf`gh chamol mw `bwn `o mjuns|`o| f`g|ns/ Mo |ah \nths nf |ah/
Tmolw" |ah gnbxjow `sh xwhl |n wxuuns| ` wj`bb lnnst`} uhlmjho|
`f|hs ` jnsh jnlhso |`w|h" `ol |amw hq`jubh mw |ahshfnsh pxm|h tns|a*
bhww mo |amw gnoohg|mno/ Mo |ah gmsgxb`s \hjubh nf Huml`xsnw" th
a`vh `on|ahs mow|`ogh nf |ah Dshhi xwh nf |amw Nslhs9 cx| |amw `bwn a`w
` wuhgm`bwh| nf `||hol`o| gmsgxjw|`oghw" |ah |hjubh chmod snxol mo
ub`o"`ol |ah Gnsmo|am`o nslhs chmod xwhl no |ah mo|hsmns9 tambh"
`b|anxda
|ah gnbxjow `sh lh|`gahl fsnj |ah cb`oi t`bb chamol |ahj"
|ahsh mw mo sh`bm|} nob} ` vhs} o`ssnt whu`s`|mod `jcxb`|ns} ns u`ww`dh*
t`}/ Mo |amw mow|`ogh |ah gnbxjow thsh wu`ghl `u`s| no gho|hsw
oh`sb} whvho jnlxbhw" tm|a `o mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf fmvh jnlxbhw ns
|tn `ol noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw/
DSHHI @O\@H NS UMB@W\HSW
Lnsmg Umb`w|hsw/ \ah ub`o `lnu|hl c} |ah Dshhiw mo |ahms Lnsmg
|hjubh w|sxg|xshw" t`w noh |a`| tnxbl ohghww`smb} mogsh`wh |ah mj_
uns|`ogh nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w" `ol shpxmshl ` wa`su lhj`sg`|mno
ch|thho |ah fbx|hl gnbxjow `ol |ah gno|s`w|mod ub`mo t`bb wxsf`gh/
Mo |ah h`sb} |hjubhw tm|a `o ho|s`ogh unsga" |ah wmlh t`bbw thsh g`ssmhl
fnst`sl" `ol |ahms holw thsh fmomwahl c} `umb`w|hs |sh`|jho| no |ahms
fsno|" sh|xsomod no |ah |tn wmlhw9 tambh |tn gnbxjow thsh ub`ghl ch*
|thho |ahj/ \ahwh wbmda|b} usnkhg|mod umb`w|hsw" |hsjhl `o|`h" xwhl
c} |ah Dshhiw" `sh hjubn}hl fns |ah jnw| u`s| xuno |ah holw nf t`bbw/
@o hbhv`|mno nf |ah fsno| nf wxga ` cxmblmod Ub`|h QQQV-" dmvhw xw
|ah hffhg| nf `o ho|s`ogh unsga gnjunwhl nf |tn gnbxjow `ol |tn
umb`w|hsw"|ah b`||hs wxuuns|mod" no h`ga wmlh" |ah holw nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh
nvhsah`l/ Mo Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh |ahwh umb`w|hsw `sh whblnj xwhl mo
mjuns|`o| unwm|mnow"no `ggnxo| nf |ah hq|shjh mjuns|`ogh dmvho |n
|ah gnbxjo" `ol |ah shwxb|mod f`g| |a`| |ah Dshhiw wn `ss`odhl |ah
ub`ow nf |ahms cxmblmodw `w vhs} whblnj |n shpxmsh |ah xwh nf `umb`w|hs
mo `o} mjuns|`o| bng`|mno/ Nf gnxswh" chmod ub`ghl chamol ` whsmhw
nf gnbxjow mo |amw f`wamno tnxbl o`|xs`bb} sholhs |ahumb`w|hs vhs}
xonc|sxwmvh" `ol |amw hffhg| t`w hjua`wm{hl c} m|w j`oohs nf |sh`|*
jho| `w ` u`s| nf |ah ts`bb m|whbf/ \ah wa`f|w nf |ahwh
umb`w|hsw `sh
`bt`}w ub`mo" `ol ohvhs dmvho `o} ho|`wmw" chmod |ah w`jh t\
ml|a `| |ah
|nu `w `| |ah cn||nj/ \ah g`um|`bw lmffhs vhs} s`lmg`bb} fsnj |ah
088
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DSHHI"* *LNSMG.
Bwm
K<m
Fmd/ =0//
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b
Fmd/ =3/ Dshhi Mnomg Umb`w|hsw/
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063 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
g`um|`bwnf |ah gnbxjo" mo`wjxga `w |ah} gnowmw| nf jhshb} ` whsmhw nf
fmoh jnxblmodw chbnt |ah `c`gxw `ol wh| no |nu nf noh ns jnsh f`wgm`w"
`w mo Fmd/ =0/ \ah gno|s`w| nffhshl c} |ah ub`mo wxsf`gh nf |ahwh umb`w*
|hsw |n |ah fbx|hl gnbxjow tm|a tamga |ah} `sh nslmo`smb} xwhl" mw vhs}
hffhg|mvh" tambh c} |ahms vhs} ga`s`g|hs" taho whho fsnj `o} lmw|`ogh"
|ah} |hol |n chgnjh ` u`s| nf |ah t`bb |n tamga |ah} thsh `||`gahl/
GNXVJO
Fmd/ =7/ Gnju`s`|mvh Gnbxjo `ol Umb`w|hs \sh`|jho|/
\ahwh umb`w|hsw `sh wnjh|mjhw dmvho ` c`wh |ah w`jh `w |ah gnbxjow"
cx| |ahms g`u `ol c`wh `sh jnsh gxw|nj`smb} fnsjhl c} |ah jnxblmodw
tamga `sh
ub`ghl
`| |ah c`wh `ol|nu
nf |ah t`bb
`d`mow|
tamga |ahwh
`o|wh `sh ub`ghl/ Mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs |ah} dhohs`bb} a`vh ` ub`mo
usnkhg|mod ubmo|a c`wh" tm|a on jnxblmodw" `b|anxda wnjh|mjhw |ah
wa`f| lhwgholwlmshg|b} |n |ah w|}bnc`|h ns ub`|fnsj" `w mo |ah gnbxjo
nf |ah w`jh Nslhs/
Mnomg Umb`w|hsw/ Tm|a |ah Mnomg gnbxjo |ah Dshhiw hjubn}hl
081
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 067
j`o} lmffhsho| |}uhw nfumb`w|hs g`um|`bw" wnjh chmod vhs} hb`cns`|h
mo |ahms fnsj `ol nso`jho|`|mno/ \ah Mnomg `o|wh" |ah w`jh `w |ah
Lnsmg `o|wh" a`vh fns |ahms c`whw |ah bmohw nf |ah c`wh nf |ah t`bbw9 `olfns |ah gsntomod jnxblmodw nf |ahms g`um|`bw" |ah jnxblmodw `sh gnvhshl
tm|a nso`jho|w" hddw*`ol*l`s|w" ch`lw `ol shhbw" anoh}wxgibhw" h|g/
\ah g`um|`bnf |ah Mnomg `o|wh shghmvhw fsnj |ah wgannb nf U}|amxw
wgxbu|xshl lhgns`|mnow nf dsh`| v`smh|}/ \ah chw| |}uh mw xolnxc|hlb}
|a`| tamga th fmol xwhl mo |ah Hshga|ahxj" tm|a |ah v`smnxw hq`jubhw
nf |ah Mnomg nso`jho|hl g`um|`b `ol gnbxjo tamga th a`vh `bsh`l}
mbbxw|s`|hl/ \tn nf |ahwh umb`w|hsw`sh wanto mo Fmd/ =3/ \ahwh `o|`h
Fmd/ =</
g`um|`bw`sh jnxblhl `ol g`svhl pxm|h hb`cns`|hb}" tambh `bnod |ah
wxsf`gh nf |ah fsmh{h mo h`ga mow|`ogh sxow |ah w`jh |sh`|jho| `w mw
xwhl |n `lnso |ah ohgi nf |ah `ggnju`o}mod g`um|`b/ \ahwh umb`w|hsw
`sh dmvho ` jnxblhl c`wh" jxga |ah w`jh `w |a`| hjubn}hl no |ah
gnbxjow" `b|anxda |ah jhjchsw `sh nso`jho|hl tm|a jnsh ansm{no|`b
bmohw |a`o `sh xwhl no |ah gnbxjo c`wh/ M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |ahwh
umb`w|hswfnbbnt |ah w`jh dhohs`b |sh`|jho| `w |anwh xwhl tm|a |ah
Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs9 `ol |ah} wanxbl ch gnju`shl" mo `bb |ah hq`jubhw
mbbxw|s`|hl" tm|a |ah gnbxjow" wanto hbwhtahsh" tm|a tamga |ah} thsh
xwhl/
Fmd/ =7 wantw wmlh c} wmlh ` gnju`s`|mvh gnbxjo `ol umb`w|hs
|sh`|jho| fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` `| Usmhoh/ \amw mbbxw|s`|hw
|ah wm{h nf |ahumb`w|hs
`w shd`slw |ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi `ol
c`wh/ @w tmbb ch whho" m| `uusnqmj`|hw ` jh`o ch|thho |ahwh |tn
lmjhowmnow/ \ah g`um|`bnf |ah umb`w|hs mw wanto noh*a`bf no h`ga
wmlh nf |ah gho|hs bmoh" |n molmg`|h |ah |sh`|jho| cn|a nf |ah hol `ol nf
|ah f`gh/ \ah w`jh |sh`|jho| t`w `uubmhl |n |ah wpx`sh lh|`gahl
08=
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06< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
gnbxjow nsumhsw hjubn}hl mo |amw |hjubh/ Mo Fmd/ =< `sh wanto |ah
hol `ol f`gh nf `umb`w|hs g`u fsnj |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn `| Jmbh|xw/
\ahwh umb`w|hsw" h`ga nso`jho|hl lmffhsho|b}" thsh xwhl `||`gahl |n `
Fmd/ =8/
t`bb wxsf`gh" `ol thsh gnoohg|hl tm|a h`ga n|ahs c} ` g`svhl `ol
nso`jho|hl fsmh{h/ \ah hol nf |ahumb`w|hs" |ahshfnsh" mw wa`bbnt mo
tml|a `ol lhu|a" `ol nob} |ah f`gh mw shd`slhl mo shfhshogh |n |ah
gnbxjo tml|a/
065
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 068
Gnsmo|am`o Umb`w|hsw/ Nf |ah xwh nfumb`w|hsw
tm|a |ah Dshhi
Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs" th a`vh nob} noh `x|ansm|`|mvh mow|`ogh |a`| nf |ah
\nths nf |ah Tmolw `| @|ahow/ \ahsh mw on umb`w|hs xwhl tm|a |ah
Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs no hm|ahs nf |ah n|ahs hq`jubhw" |ah Jnoxjho| nf
B}wmgs`|hw ns |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw9 `ol mo |amw hq`jubh fsnj |ah
\nths nf |ah Tmolw" mbbxw|s`|hl mo Fmd/ =8" |ah umb`w|hs t`w xwhl" nob}
no h`ga wmlh nf |ah ho|s`ogh lnnst`} |n shghmvh |ah ho|`cb`|xsh sh*
|xsomod fsnj |ah wj`bb uhlmjho|hl unsga" tamga mw jnshfxbb} wanto
mo |ah mbbxw|s`|mno nf |amw cxmblmod mo Fmd/ 4</
HQ@JMO@\MNO UB@\HWMo `llm|mno |n |ah fnbbntmod hq`jmo`|mno
ub`|hw"|ah w|xlho|
mw `lvmwhl |n j`ih wxga wih|gahw ns ls`tmodw nf |ah lmffhsho|
u`s|wnf |ah Nslhs fsnj |ah lhwgsmu|mnow
`ol shfhshoghw mo |ah |hq|
`w tmbb ho`cbh amj |n |ansnxdab} xolhsw|`ol |ahms lmffhsho|u`s|w
`ol |ahmsdhohs`b
fnsjw `olusnuns|mnow/
\ah fnbbntmod ub`|hw`sh |n ch ls`to nx| |n |ah shpxmshl
wm{hw" `w molmg`|hl mo |ah fnbbntmod whg|mno/ \ahub`|hw
wanxbl ch
g`shfxbb}`ol |ansnxdab} ls`to nx| mo
uhogmbchfnsh `||hju|mod |n
moi |ahj mo/ @bb |ahb`sdh ub`|hw
`sh |n ch ls`to no ` a`bf*wahh|
nf W|s`|ajnsh wjnn|a*fmomwa ns Ta`|j`o$wan|*ushwwhl ls`tmod
u`uhs"tm|a |ah cnslhs bmoh b`ml nx| |n |ah wm{h
dmvho"03 c} 06_
mogahw9 `ol |ah u`uhs wanxbl ch |smjjhl tm|a ` a`bf*moga cnslhs
nx|wmlh |amw bmoh" j`imod |ah u`uhs wm{h nf |ah fmomwahlub`|h
07 c}
04*r mogahw/
\ah jh`wxshjho| fmdxshw dmvho no |ah v`smnxw ub`|hw j`} chnjm||hl fsnj |ah ls`tmodw j`lh c} |ah w|xlho|/
\ah |m|bhw nf |ahub`|hw
`sh |n ch bh||hshl" dhohs`bb} wuh`imod"
mo |ah w`jh f`wamno `w |ahbh||hsmod
no |ahusmogmu`b ls`tmodw mbbxw*
|s`|mod|ah fnshdnmod whg|mno/ \ah w|xlho| wanxbl fmsw| ch g`sh*
fxb |nub`gh uhogmb dxmlh*bmohw
`| |ah|nu
`ol cn||nj nf amw bh||hsw"
cn|a fnsg`um|`bw
`ol wj`bb bh||hsw/
\ah l`|h" |ah w|xlho|$w o`jh `ol `llshww" `ol |ahub`|h
oxj*
chs wanxbl ch bh||hshl no h`ga ub`|h mo noh*bmoh bh||hsw" wxga `w `sh
xwhl mo |ah |m|bh nf Fmd/ 47/
UB@\H @
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06r mogahw `
ub`|h wantmod Dshhi jnxblmod whg|mnow/ \amwub`|h
mw |n mogbxlh
060
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066 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
`bb |ah jnxblmodw lhwgsmchl mo |ah |hq| no u`dhw 05= |n 0079 `ol ah
mw |n bh||hs h`ga jnxblmod tm|a m|w usnuhs o`jh/ Ah mw |n x|mbm{h
jnxblmodw fsnj |ah ub`|hwmbbxw|s`|hl mo |amw
Mow|sxg|mno U`uhs"`ol j`} `ss`odh
|ahj mo |ahdhohs`b f`wamno wanto mo
Fmd/ <6"
nc|`momod`on|ahs uhsuholmgxb`s snt nf jnxblmodw mo `llm|mno |n
|ahhmda|
mbbxw|s`|hl mo |a`| gx|/
UB@\H C
@o nslhsub`|h wantmod |ah Dshhi Lnsmg gnbxjo `ol ho|`c*
b`|xsh `f|hs |ah f`wamno wanto mo Ub`|h QQQVMMM" mw |ah whgnol
hq`jmo`|mno ub`|h shpxmshl/ \amwub`|h j`} ch
g`shfxbb} gnumhl
c} |ah w|xlho|" tm|a |ah nx|bmoh hob`sdhl`ol ls`to |n |ah wm{h nf
03 c} 06K mogahw/
UB@\H G
\ah w|xlho| wanxbl ls`t nx| |ah gnjubh|h Dshhi Lnsmg gnb*
xjo `| m|w ho|msh ahmda|"`w wanto mo Ub`|h QQQ]MM" `| |ah wm{h
nf |ah wj`bb lh|`mb nf |ah g`u `| |ah cn||nj nf |amw w`jhub`|h/
UB@\H L
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t |ah f`g`lh nf |ah Usnu}b`h` no ` ub`|h
03 c} 06r mogahw mo wm{h" `ol mw |n mogbxlh whg|mnow nf |ahusmogmu`b
jnxblmodw `ol ` lh|`mb nf |ahg`um|`b" wxuub}mod amw whg|mnow" h|g/"
fsnj |ah mofnsj`|mno dmvho no |ahub`|hw mbbxw|s`|mod
|ah Lnsmg
Nslhs/ \ah f`g`lh nf |ahUsnu}bwh`
mw wanto moFmd/ 11 `| ` wj`bb
wg`bh/ \amw mw |n ch hob`sdhl" sh|`momod|ah w`jh
usnuns|mnow/
UB@\H H
@onslhs
ub`|h wantmod|ah Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo `ol ho|`cb`*
|xsh `f|hs |ah f`wamno wanto mo Ub`|h QBM" mw |ah fmf|a hq`jmo`|mno
ub`|h shpxmshl/ \amwub`|h j`} ch gnumhl c} |ah w|xlho|" tm|a |ah
nx|bmoh hob`sdhl `ol ls`to |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06r mogahw/
UB@\H F
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| `| |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06r mogahw noh
ns |ah n|ahs nf |ah Mnomgg`um|`bw
wanto mo Ub`|hw QBMM ns QBMMM"
njm||mod |ah jh`wxshjho|fmdxshw
|ahsh dmvho/
UB@\H P
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw |ah
lh|`mb fsnj |ah Hshga|ahxj wanto no Ub`|h QBV" |`imod wuhgm`b
u`mow |n sh|`mo |ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah jnxblmod whg|mnow `ol g`svmod
wanto mo |ahnsmdmo`b/
063
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 064
UB@\H A
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| no `ub`|h
03 c} 06K mogahw mo
wm{h" ` Dshhi Mnomg uhlmjho|hl f`g`lh nf fnxs ns wmq gnbxjow/ M|
mw wxddhw|hl |a`| ah |`ih noh nf |ah unsgahw nf |ah Hshga|ahxj fns
` jnlhb/ \amw cxmblmod mw wanto mo ub`o moFmd/ 649 tambh |ah
lh|`mbw nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh `sh wanto mo Ub`|h QBV" `ol |ah gnbxjo
mw ls`to nx| |n `b`sdh wm{h mo Ub`|h QQQVMM/ \ah ons|a unsga
nf |amw cxmblmod mw fxs|ahs wanto mo Ub`|h QBMV `olFmd/ 61/
UB@\H K
@o nslhs ub`|h wantmod |ah Dshhi Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjo `olho*
|`cb`|xsh `f|hs |ah f`wamno wanto mo Ub`|h QBVMM" mw |ah omo|a
hq`jmo`|mnoub`|h shpxmshl/ \amw ub`|h j`} ch hob`sdhl `ol
gnumhl c} |ah w|xlho| tm|amo |ah nx|bmoh wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw/
UB@\H I
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |ah Gnsmo|am`o `ol Lnsmg gnbxjow
`ol ho|`cb`|xshw fsnj |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw wanto mo Ub`|hw
QBVMMM `olB" wantmod
|ah gnbxjow `| |ahms fxbb
ahmda|"
`ol mo*
gbxlmod no wnjhu`s|
nf |ah ls`tmod |ah |ashh whg|mnow nf nso`*
jho| wanto `| |ah cn||nj nf Ub`|h B/ Whg|mnow nf |ah |tn
ho|`cb`|xshw wanxbl ch mogbxlhl/
UB@\H B
\ah Dshhi Lnnst`} fns |ah Hshga|ahxj" wanto mo Fmd/ 1<"
mw |n ch ls`to no `ub`|h
03 c} 06_ mogahw mo wm{h" `ol |n mogbxlh
mo |ah lnns nuhomod |ah lh|`mbw wanto moFmd/
17 `| lnxcbh |ah
wm{h |ahsh ls`to/ \ahwh lh|`mbw `sh |n ch mowhs|hl moub`gh
nf |ah
tmolnt wanto moFmd/
1</
067
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SNJ@O GNOW\SXG\MNO/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSWU@S\ MMM/
@SGAM\HG\XSH NF \AH SNfb@OW
Nsmdmo nf Snj`o @sgam|hg|xsh/ Tambh |ah `sgam|hg|xsh nf Hd}u|"
`w thbb `w |a`| nf n|ahs h`sb} gmvmbm{`|mnow" usnc`cb} gno|smcx|hl |nt`sl
|ah w|}bh|a`| t`w hvho|x`bb} usnlxghl `ol lhfmohl c} |ah Dshhi `s|*
mw|w" |ah Snj`ow" c} |ahms gnopxhw| nf Dshhgh" `| nogh `gpxmshl ` xom*
fmhl `ol uhsfhg|hl `sgam|hg|xsh `| `bjnw| |ah fxbb ahmda| nf m|w lhvhbnu*
jho|/ On| nob} thsh |ah cxmblmodw `ol `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw |ahjwhbvhw
uhsfhg|hl"cx| |ah} thsh |aho chmod usnlxghl c} |ah lhwmdohsw" `sgam*
|hg|w" `ol `s|mw|w tan" `w jhjchsw nf |ah wxckxd`|hl o`|mno" chg`jh
|ah wxckhg|w nf |ah jnsh unthsfxb s`gh/
\axw |ah Snj`ow chg`jh unwwhwwhl nf ` uhsfhg|hl" mf hqn|mg"
`sgam|hg|xsh9 `ol th g`oon| |ahshfnsh ch wxsusmwhl |n fmol |a`| |ah
h`sb} Snj`o cxmblmodw thsh nf|ho Dshhi" mo cn|a |ahms lhwmdo `ol
tnsij`owamu/ \amw `sgam|hg|xs`bw|}bh" `b|anxda wnno uhsj`oho|b}
`ffhg|hl mo m|w lhvhbnujho| c} Snj`o gmvmbm{`|mno" }h| `| fmsw| wanthl
cx| wbmda|b} |ah mofbxhogh nf |ah `s|w nf n|ahs fnshmdo o`|mnow ns s`ghw/
\ah noh on|`cbh hqghu|mno t`w `w shd`slw |ah Snj`o `lnu|mno nf |ah
`sga `w |ah jnw| mjuns|`o| w|sxg|xs`b usmogmubh nf |ahms cxmblmodw/
\ah @sga `ol V`xb|/ Mo |`imod xu |ah usndshww nf `sgam|hg|xsh
`| |ah uhsmnl taho |ah Dshhiw `ol n|ahs h`sb} o`|mnow }mhblhl |n |ah
wxgghhlmod sxbmod s`gh" |ah Snj`ow9 |ah lmffhshogh mo |ah vm|`b usmo*
gmubhw xolhsb}mod |ah w|sxg|xs`b hbhjho|w nf |ahwh |tn uhsmnlw jxw| ch
|ansnxdab} xolhsw|nnl/ \asnxdanx| |ah Dshhi tnsi th fmol |a`|
|ah bmo|hb ns wxuuns|mod ch`j nf tnnl ns w|noh whhjw |n ch |ah nob}
jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mno xuno tamga |ah} lhuholhl |n `o} hq|ho|/
\ahSnj`ow"
no |ahgno|s`s}" `lnu|hl
|ah `sgawhh Fmd/ =6-
|n
g`ss}`gsnww `bb nuhomodw 9
`ol |ah} fxs|ahs hq|holhl m|w xwh" mo |ah fnsj nf `
v`xb|" |n |ah gnvhsmod nf snnjw ns vnmlw tamga |ah} lhwmshl |n snnf mo/
\ah usmogmubh nf |amw v`xb|hl `sga |ah} a`l hvmlho|b} cnssnthl lm*
shg|b}fsnj |ah H|sxwg`ow9 ` uhnubh nf @wm`|mg nsmdmo bmvmod mo ons|ahso
M|`b} wnjh |ho ns |thbvh gho|xsmhw chfnsh Gasmw|/
068
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045 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
KHG\MNO
\ah `sga m|whbf l`|hw c`gi |n ` jxga h`sbmhs uhsmnl/\ahsh `sh
hq`jubhw mo Hd}u| nf csmgi c`sshb v`xb|w gnjunwhl nf |ashh smodw nf
vnxwwnmsw" cxmb| `cnx| 7855 C/ G/9 cx| |ah H|sxwg`ow" c} |ahms xwh nf
gx| w|noh mow|h`l nf csmgi fns |amw
uxsunwh" hvmlhoghl ` jxga
amdahs hodmohhsmod wimbb" `| bh`w|
wn f`s `w `o xolhsw|`olmod nf
w|hshn|nj} t`w gnoghsohl/ \amw
w`jh uhnubh gno|moxhl |n hjubn}
` fnsj nf gnow|sxg|mno gnowmw|mod
nf nvhsb`uumod b`}hsw nf w|noh*
tnsi" tamga j`} nob} molmg`|h
|ah |s`owm|mno fsnj |ah bmo|hb |n
|ah `sga usmogmubh"ns tamga j`}
a`vh chho lhvmwhlwnbhb} |n mjm*
|`|h |ah mo|hsmns `uuh`s`ogh nf `
sngi*gx| |njc/ \amw w`jhFm
W*=6 *
+
wgahjh" th iont" t`w xwhl c}
|ah Hd}u|m`ow" @ww}sm`ow"`ol Uhb`wdm`ow" `b|anxda m| mw chw| wanto
mo |ah H|sxwg`o |njcw9 `ol" chg`xwh nf |ah b`sdh wm{h nf |ah cbngiw nf
w|noh hjubn}hl" m| mw fshpxho|b} shfhsshl |n `w #G}gbnuh`o# j`wnos}/
\ahwh |njcw" snxol mo ub`o" thsh gnow|sxg|hl nfb`}hsw nf w|noh*
tnsi" h`ga b`}hs usnkhg|mod nvhs |ah b`}hs ohq| chbnt" xo|mb|ah} jh|
`| |ah gsnto ns `uhq nf |ah shwxb|mod v`xb|/ \amw gmsgxb`s gnow|sxg|mno
t`w |aho gnvhshl tm|a h`s|a ns ds`vhb" `ol |ah `odbhw nf |ah w|noh no
|ah mo|hsmns thsh lshwwhl lnto |n `o hvho wxsf`gh" wxddhw|mod c} m|w
nx|bmoh |ah whdjho| nf `o `sga" `w wanto mo Fmd/ =4/ \ahwh |njcw
thsh cxmb| c} |ah Uhb`wdmg s`gh moM|`b} usnc`cb} ch|thho |ah }h`sw 0155
`ol 0855 C/ G/9 cx| m| shj`mohl fns |ah H|sxwg`owfmo`bb} |n lhfmoh |ah
usmogmubhnf |ah vnxwwnmshl `sga nf w|nohtnsi/ \amw
usmogmubh |ah
Snj`ow cnssnthl `ol usnc`cb} lhvhbnuhl |n ` jxga amdahs lhdshh
|a`o a`l hvhs chho gnowmlhshl unwwmcbh c} m|w nsmdmo`|nsw/
C} `lnu|mod |amw usmogmubh" |ah Snj`ow whblnj shpxmshl |ah gnb*
xjo `w ` wxuuns| fns |ah bmo|hb mo |ah t`} |a`| |ah Dshhiw a`l ahsh*
|nfnsh xwhl m|9 `ol" `w |ah `sga shpxmshl ` ah`vmhs `ol w|snodhs wxu*
uns|mod jhjchs |a`o |ah gnbxjo mo nslhs |n shwmw| |ah |asxw| tamga m|
nsmdmo`|hl `ol |s`owjm||hl" |ah} thsh gnjuhbbhl |n shvhs| |n |ah jnsh
066
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 040
wnbml umhsnf j`wnos} fns |amw uxunwh" tamga `| nogh j`|hsm`bb} jnlm*
fmhl |ah `uuh`s`ogh nf |ahms cxmblmodw/ Whh fsno|mwumhgh/-
Gnjcmo`|mno nf @sga `ol Bmo|hb Gnow|sxg|mno/ \ah Snj`owjnshnvhs" `gpx`mo|hl tm|a |ah
gmvmbm{`|mno `ol |ah `sgam|hg|xsh
nf |ah Dshhiw" lhj`olhl ` jnsh
`sgam|hg|xs`b hffhg| |a`o a`l w`|*
mwfmhl |ah H|sxwg`o cxmblhsw9 `ol
|ahshfnsh |ah} `l`u|hl |n |ahms
nto uxsunwh |ah `sgam|hg|xs`b
fnsjw `ol Nslhsw nsmdmo`|hl c}
|ah Dshhi `s|mw|w" `ol hvho xwhl
|ahj fns nso`jho|mod |ah n|ahs*
tmwh ub`mo t`bb wxsf`ghw nf |ahms
v`smnxw w|sxg|xshw" mo ` t`} |a`|
|ah Dshhiw a`l ohvhs lnoh/
\ah} hjubn}hl ` gnbxjo" ns u`s*
|m`b
gnbxjo" ub`ghl `d`mow|`
ub`mo t`bb wxsf`gh ns hod`dhl"
`w m| mw g`bbhl" |n |ah t`bb chamol9
`w mo |ah \`cxb`smxj" tahsh `o
`sg`lh no |ah wmlh |nt`slw |ah
\? " m*m Fmd/ =4/ Ansm{no|`b `ol Vhs|mg`b Whg|mno
Fnsxj t`w lhgns`|hl tm|a ho* nf Uhm`Wdmg @sga gnow|sxg|mno/
SNJ@O@@WH +NF*@SGA*@OL *UMHS.
Fmd/ =1/
d`dhl Lnsmg gnbxjow" g`ss}mod `o ho|`cb`|xsh/ \amw mw |ah h`sbmhw|
Snj`o mow|`ogh nf |ah xwh nf |ah Nslhsw mo |amw f`wamno" `ol l`|hw
064
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043 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
fsnj `cnx| 41 C/ G/ \ah \hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw Fmd/ 037-" mo
tamga |ah gnbxjow thsh hod`dhl" tm|a ` ub`mo t`bb wxsf`gh ch|thho"
`f|hs |ah f`wamno unwwmcb} wxddhw|hl c} noh ns |tn nf |ah h`sbmhs
Dshhi w|sxg|xshw" mw nf ` l`|h h`sbmhs |a`o |ah `sg`lh nf |ah
\`cxb`smxj/
@ shfhshogh |n Fmdw/ =1 `ol == tmbb want |ah s`lmg`bb} lmffhsho|
`uuh`s`ogh dmvho c} |axw `uub}mod `o Nslhs nf `sgam|hg|xsh `w `o
Fmd ==/
nso`jho| xuno |ah f`gh nf ` jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mno gnjubh|h mo m|whbf/
Mo Fmd/ =1 mw wanto ` wmjubh `sg`lh wxuuns|hl no ub`mo umhsw @" Fmd/
055-9 `ol mo Fmd/ == mw ls`to nx| ` wmjmb`s `sg`lh nso`jho|hl c} |ah
`uubmg`|mno nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs |n |ah f`gh nf |ahwh ub`mo umhsw" `f|hs
|ah f`wamno wanto mo ub`o `| C" Fmd/ 055/
\amw xwh nf |ah Nslhs usnlxghw `o hffhg| vhs} lmffhsho| fsnj |a`|
nf |ah noh ns |tn hq`jubhw nf |ah xwh nf `||`gahl gnbxjow `bsh`l} hq*
mw|mod mo Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh" `b|anxda m| mw usnc`cbh |a`| |ahwh j`}a`vh wxddhw|hl |ah `uubmg`|mno nf |ah gnbxjo |n |ah f`gh nf ` ub`mo t`bb9
` jh|anl nf tamga |ah Snj`ow a`l `bsh`l} `v`mbhl |ahjwhbvhw mo |ah
\hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw `| Snjh/ \amw hq`jubh j`} h`wmb} a`vh
chho gnumhl fsnj |ah wmjmb`s xwh nf |ah Nslhs mo |ah b`sdh \hjubh nf
Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @dsmdho|xj" ns mo |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw
`| @|ahow/
Mo cn|a |ahwh Dshhi w|sxg|xshw |ah gnbxjow `sh `uu`sho|b} ub`o|hl
061
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C`wmbmg` nf |ah Dm`o|w" \hjubh nf [hxw" @dsmdho|xj" Wmgmb}/
Wantmod Dshhi #hod`dhl# gnbxjow/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 047
`d`mow| |ah f`gh nf ` gnoohg|mod gxs|`mo t`bb/ @w ` j`||hs nf f`g|" |ah
gnbxjow `sh ho|msh mo cn|a |ahwh cxmblmodw" |ah t`bb m|whbf chmod cxmb|
xu ch|thho `ol chamol |ahj" tm|a |ah f`gh anbbnthl nx| wn `w |n
shghmvh |ah wa`f|" |axw wxddhw|mod
|ah `llm|mno nf |ah t`bb `| ` b`|hs
uhsmnl `w ` wgshho ch|thho |ah
gnbxjow tm|anx| `ffhg|mod |ah
bmo|hbusmogmubh xuno tamga |ah
cxmblmod t`w usnc`cb} fmsw| lh*
wmdohl/ Mo |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs
Nb}juxw" |ah `llm|mno nf |amw t`bb
t`w usnc`cb} j`lh ohghww`s} c}
|ah f`g| |a`| |ah |shjholnxw wg`bh
nf |ah cxmblmod j`lh |ah wu`o
gnvhshl c} |ah bmo|hb nf ` bhod|a
|nn dsh`| |n ch g`ssmhl w`fhb}mo
|amw f`wamno" `ol wn |ah t`bb t`w
mo|snlxghl `w `o`llm|mno`bjh|anl nf wxuuns|/ Unwwmcb}
wnjh|amod nf |amw fhhbmod j`}a`vh g`xwhl |ah xwh nf |ah t`bb
ch|thho |ah gnbxjow mo |ah Jno*
xjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw" |anxda fns
lmffhsho| sh`wnow/ \ah ub`o nf
|amw jnoxjho| chmod gmsgxb`s" m|
j`} a`vh chho |anxda| |a`| |ah
nvhsa`odmod usnkhg|mno nf |ah ho*
|`cb`|xsh ch|thho |ah wxuuns|mod gnbxjow tnxbl th`iho |ah bmo|hb"
hm|ahs `g|x`bb} ns `uu`sho|b}" wn |a`| m| jmda| shpxmsh `llm|mno`b wxu*
uns| `| m|w unmo| nf dsh`|hw| usnkhg|mno/
Cx| |ah lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah xwh nf |ah gnbxjo mo |amw f`wamno"
`||`gahl |n ` ub`mo gxs|`mo t`bb" `ol m|w xwh ub`ghl `d`mow| |ah f`gh nf `
umhs
ch|thho `sgahw" `w |ah gnbxjo t`whjubn}hl
mo |ah `sg`lhw nf |ah
\`cxb`smxj `ol b`|hs mo |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw `ol |ah Gnbnwwhxj"
wxddhw|w ` dsh`| `lv`ogh mo |ah `sgam|hg|xs`b hffhg|mvhohwww nf m|w xwh
`ol mo m|w gbnwh mlho|mfmg`|mno tm|a |ah jnsh gnow|sxg|mvh `sgam|hg|xsh
nf |ah Snj`ow" hvho |anxda |ahsh mw cx| wbmda| lmffhshogh mo |ah usmo*
gmubhnf m|w `uubmg`|mno/
Fmd/ 055/ @ Snj`o Umhs/
Hod`dhl Gnbxjo `ol Umhs/
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04< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Cx| mo `o} hvho|" |ah gnbxjo" `w |axw xwhl c} |ah Snj`ow mo
|ahms `sgam|hg|xsh" g`o whblnj ch gnowmlhshl `w `o mjuns|`o| w|sxg*
|xs`b fh`|xsh/ M| lnhw on| hvho `g| `w ` cx||shww |n shwmw| |ah |asxw|
hqhs|hl xuno |ah hq|hsmns t`bbw c} |ah mo|hsmns `sgahw snnfmod |ah snnjw
ns gnssmlnsw/
\ah Snj`ow jxw| fmsw| a`vh xwhl ` gno|moxnxw `ol uxshb} w|sxg*
|xs`b `sg`lh nf `sgahw |xsohl `d`mow| h`ga n|ahs `ol shw|mod no ah`v}
j`wnos} umhsw"`w mo |ahms `pxhlxg|w Fmd/ 050
-/\amw xolnxc|hlb}
usnvhl jnon|nonxw mo hffhg|9 `ol wn |ah gnbnoo`lh t`w wmjub}
Fmd/ 05>/ Uno| lx D`sl" Omjhw/
ds`f|hl xuno m|w wxsf`gh" |ah gnbxjow chmod h`ga ub`ghl `d`mow| |ah
gho|hs nf `umhs/
\ah gnbnoo`lh wanto mo Fmd/ ==" ls`to `ggnslmod
|n |ah sxbh nf Vmdonb`" tnxbl ch jnsh ubh`wmod mf |ah ub`mo wxsf`gh mo
|ah c`} ch|thho |ah |ashh*px`s|hs*hod`dhl gnbxjow chbnt |ah ho*
|`cb`|xsh `ol `cnvh |ah bmoh nf |ah ohgimod a`l chho njm||hl" |axw
`bbntmod |ah bnths bmoh nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh |n ch lsnuuhl |n |ah ahmda|
nf |ah ansm{no|`b bmoh wanto lmshg|b} nvhs |ah `sgamvnb| ns c`gia`ol
nf |ah `sga/
Xwh nf Wxuhsmjunwhl Nslhsw/ @wmlh fsnj |ahms `wwmjmb`|mno nf
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\ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" Snjh/
Wantmod Snj`o xwh nf hod`dhl `ol wxuhsmjunwhl gnbxjm
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 048
|ah `sgausmogmubh fsnj |ah H|sxwg`o cxmblhsw" `ol |ahms xwh nf |ah
Dshhi*lhvhbnuhl Nslhs `w ` jhsh nso`jho| `uubmhl no |ah f`gh nf `o
`sga*wxuuns|hl t`bb" |ah Snj`ow fxs|ahs v`smhl mo noh mjuns|`o|
u`s|mgxb`s |ahms hjubn}jho| nf |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhs/ Tahsh |ah
Dshhiw" `bjnw| tm|anx| hqghu|mno" a`l xwhl noh gnbxjo hvho nf
dmd`o|mg wm{h tahsh ohghww`s} |n g`ss} fsnj ` bnt c`whjho| nsw|}bn*
c`|h |n |ah ho|`cb`|xsh |a`| `g|hl `w |ah gsntomod jhjchs nf |ah cxmbl*
mod" `w thbb `w nf |ah Nslhs xwhl no m|w hq|hsmns f``lh9 |ah Snj`ow
lml on| ahwm|`|h |n wxuhsmjunwh noh Nslhs xuno `on|ahs" j`imod |tn
ns jnsh w|nsmhw" noh nvhs |ah n|ahs" h`gag`ss}mod
`
gnjubh|h
Nslhs
xuno m|w f`gh/ \ah lhsmv`|mno nf |amw mlh` mw unwwmcb} |s`gh`cbh |n
wnjh nf |ah Dshhi |hjubhw" mo tamga ` whgnol Nslhs t`w wnjh|mjhw
xwhl no |ah mo|hsmns |n wxuuns| |ah d`cbhl snnf gnvhsmod |ah w|sxg|xsh"
`ol" mogmlho|`bb}"|n `ljm| nf ` amdahs gho|s`b `mwbh/ Fns |amw uxsunwh
|ah} xwhl hm|ahs wj`bb gnbxjow" `w `| Uwhw|xj |ah Nslhs mw ahsh |ah
w`jh mow|}bh
`ol |sh`|jho| `w |ah noh chbnt" chmod jhshb} wj`bbhs
mo wg`bh-" ns" jnsh nf|ho" ` axj`o fmdxsh ub`ghl xuno |ah f`gh nf `
ub`mo umhs/ \ah mlh` nf wxuhsunwm|mno" `w lhvhbnuhl c} |ah Snj`ow"wnno chg`jh `o mjuns|`o| u`s| nf |ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b |sh`|jho|9 `ol
mo |ah b`|hs shvmv`b nf Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh tamga nggxsshl lxsmod |ah
Sho`mww`ogh" |amw jh|anl nf |sh`|jho| t`w fshpxho|b} xwhl/
Xwh nf Nslhsw fns Whgxb`s Cxmblmodw/ \ah Snj`ow" mo |ahms xwh
nf |ah Nslhs" hjubn}hl m| jxga jnsh dhohs`bb} |a`o lml |ahms ushlh*
ghwwnsw9 fns" tambh |ah Dshhiw shw|smg|hl m|w xwh wxcw|`o|m`bb} |n |ah
|hjubhw hshg|hl fns |ah tnswamu nf |ahms v`smnxw dnlw" |ah Snj`ow lml
on| ahwm|`|h |n xwh |ah w`jh `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw fns cxmblmodw lhvn|hl
wnbhb} |n ubh`wxsh ns fns |ah lthbbmodw nf |ahms sxbhsw/
Ub`o nf Snj`o \hjubhw/ \ah Snj`ow fnbbnthl" mo |ahms |hj*
ubhw" |ah dhohs`b fnsj `bsh`l} xwhl mo |ah Dshhi tnsi" `b|anxda |ah}
whhjhl jnshu`s|m`b |n gmsgxb`s cxmblmodw |a`o thsh |ah Dshhiw/ \ah
gmsgxb`s |hjubhw j`} a`vh chho wxddhw|hl c} |ah H|sxwg`o |njcw" `ol
|ah w}w|hj hjubn}hl fns |ahms snnf v`xb|mod lnhw wnjh|amod |n w|shod|a*
ho |amw mlh`/ \ah wmjubh" shg|`odxb`s Dshhi ub`o |ah} `bwn v`smhl `olhb`cns`|hl c} `llmod `ol gnjcmomod n|ahs shg|`odbhw mo|n b`sdhs
dsnxuw" tm|a |ah shwxb| |a`| |ah Dshhi wmjubmgm|}nf hffhg| t`w wnno
ho|mshb} bnw|/
Mo Snjh" no `ggnxo| nf |ah shw|smg|mnow mo bng`|mno ngg`wmnohl c}
|ah wj`bb `sh` nf |ahgm|}
`v`mb`cbh fns |ah uxsunwh" `ol |ah nvhs*gsntl*
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 044
mod nf |amw `sh` tm|a jnoxjho|`b cxmblmodw nf hvhs} imol" |ah usmogmu`b
|hjubhw whblnj `||`mo |ah lhvhbnujho| nf ub`o dmvho c} |ah Dshhiw
|n |ahms |hjubh w|sxg|xshw/ \ah Snj`o cxmblmod mw `bjnw| mov`sm`cb}
whho nob} fsnj ` unmo| lmshg|b}mo fsno|9 `ol |amw `ggnxo|w fns |ah
dsh`|hs mjuns|`ogh dmvho c} |ah Snj`ow |n |ah ho|s`ogh uns|mgn" m|w
mogsh`whl lhu|a `ol dsh`|hs oxjchs nf gnbxjow" `ol |ah gnju`s`|mvhb}
wbmda|`||ho|mno chw|nthl no |ah wmlhw `ol sh`s nf |ah cxmblmod/ \ah
ub`o `bwn" mo lhu|a" vhs} whblnj `||`mow |n |ah lmjhowmnow nf |ah bhww
shw|smg|hl Dshhi |hjubh ub`ow9 `ol m| mw mjuns|`o|" mo hw|mj`|mod |ah
Fmd/ 057/ Mo|hsmns nf |ah U`o|ahno" Snjh/
hffhg| nf |ah Snj`o |hjubh `sgam|hg|xsh" |n gnjushahol on| nob} |ah
shw|smg|mno nf m|w ub`o"cx| `bwn m|w shb`|mno |n |ah wxssnxolmod `sgam*
|hg|xsh" `ol hwuhgm`bb}|n |ah o`|xs`b ns `s|mfmgm`b shw|smg|mnow mjunwhl
c} |ah gno|nxs nf |ah dsnxol tahsh m| t`w ub`ghl/
\ah Snj`ow nf|ho hjubn}hl |ah bmo|hb usmogmubhwnf |ah Dshhiw
mo |ahms xwhnf gnbxjow fns
unsgahw`| |ah ho|s`ogh |n |ahms
cxmblmodw`ol |hjubhw" ns |n wxuuns| ` t`bb nvhs ` shghww/ Cn|a nf |ahwh g`whw
`sh thbb wanto mo |ah hq|hsmns `ol mo|hsmns |sh`|jho| nf |ah U`o|ahno
`| Snjh Fmdw/ 053 `ol 057-" mo tamga `sh gnjcmohl |ah gmsgxb`s |hj*
ubh"`| ` dmd`o|mg wg`bh" tm|a |ah uhlmjho|hl unsga ns ghbb` nf ` gn*
bxjo`s" shg|`odxb`s hlmfmgh/
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041 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
\ah uns|mgnnf |ah Snj`o |hjubh t`w dhohs`bb} `uusn`gahl c} `
fbmda|nf
w|huw"`ol usnc`cb} m| t`w |ah b`gi nf wu`gh mo fsno| nf |ah
cxmblmod |a`| fmsw| ngg`wmnohl |ahwh w|huw chmod g`ssmhl mo xolhs |ah
uns|mgnm|whbf `ol ch|thho |ah gnbxjow/ \amw tnxbl ngg`wmno ` wns| nf
cx||shww" ns usnkhg|mno nf |ah ub`|fnsj" mo nslhs |n wxuuns| |ah gnbxjo
tm|a m|w c`wh no ` bhvhb tm|a |ah j`mo fbnns nf |ah unsga" `ol tnxbl
wxddhw| mo fsno| hbhv`|mno- |ah hffhg| nf ` uhlhw|`b ub`ghl xolhs |ah
gnbxjo/
\ah Snj`o \ah`|hs/ \ah Dshhi |ah`|hs `ol w|`lmxj" wm|x`|hl
`w |ah} `bt`}w thsh no |ah o`|xs`b wbnuh nf wnjh ambb" lhj`olhl on
gnowmlhs`|mno nf hq|hsmns |sh`|jho|" cx| s`|ahs ` omgh whbhg|mno `ol xwh
nf |ah o`|xs`b gno|nxs nf |ah dsnxol/ \ah Snj`ow" no |ah n|ahs a`ol"
lmwshd`slhl ho|mshb} |ah wh||mod nf |ahms cxmblmodw mo wxga ` o`|xs`b
`juam|ah`|hs" `ol cxmb| |ahj tm|anx| `o} gnowmlhs`|mno nf |ahms gno*
fnsj`|mno |n |ah b`olwg`uh/ \amw gxw|nj shpxmshl ` |sh`|jho| nf
wnjh wns| fns |ah honsjnxw wgshho nf t`bb xwhl |n wxuuns| `ol hogbnwh
|ah |mhsw nf wh`|w fns |ah wuhg|`|nsw/ @w ` shwxb| th a`vh wxga mjushww*
mvh
jnoxjho|w`w |ah
Gnbnwwhxjmo
Snjh`ol |ah
@juam|ah`|hsw`|
@smhw `ol n|ahs ub`ghw/
\ah Dshhiw hshg|hl wnjh cxmblmodw nf gnowmlhs`cbh wm{h" hvmlho|b}
mo|holhl |n ch xwhl `w d}jo`wmxjw `ol a`vmod c`|aw `w ` jmons u`s|
nf |ah ub`o/ \ahwh cxmblmodw j`} mo |xso a`vh whsvhl `w |ah fmsw| wxd*
dhw|mno fns |ah honsjnxw C`|aw `f|hst`slw gnow|sxg|hl c} |ah Snj`ow/
Wnjh nf |ah jnw| mo|hshw|mod Snj`o shj`mow `sh |ah sxmow nf |ahwh
C`|aw" nf tamga m| mw `bjnw| mjunwwmcbh |n d`mo `o} `lhpx`|h mlh` nf
|ahms mjjhowh wm{h `ol j`domfmghogh" hvho fsnj |ah g`shfxb shw|ns`*
nf |ah `sga`hnbndmw|w/
\ah C`wmbmg`/ \ah ub`o nf |ah c`wmbmg` ns/ Snj`o b`t gnxs| t`w
`f|hst`slw `lnu|hl c} |ah Gasmw|m`ow `w |ah `ss`odhjho| chw| wxm|hl
fns |ahms ub`ghw nf tnswamu"`ol m| mw jnw| mow|sxg|mvh |n |s`gh |ah ds`lx`b
dsnt|a nf |amw wmjubh ub`o mo|n |ah gnbnoo`lhl gsnww fnsj |a`| `f|hs*
t`slw chg`jh gxw|nj`s}/
Ga`s`g|hs nf Snj`o @sgam|hg|xsh" Snj`o `sgam|hg|xs`b jno*
xjho|w `sh `bb mjcxhl tm|a ` fhhbmod fns |shjholnxw wm{h" ` w|s`momod
`| j`domfmghogh" `bjnw| ` |ah`|smg`b hffhg|9 `ol `sh unjunxw `ol ds`o*
lmnwh mo gno|s`w| |n |ah tnsi nf |ah ushghlmod gmvmbm{`|mno" mo tamga
shfmohjho| `ol |`w|h" mow|h`l nf ` fhhbmod fns wm{h ns lmwub`}" thsh |ah
jnw| lmw|modxmwamod ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw/
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M Ag1 \7
UM!8
M ?
0 =
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MMW An d>
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 04=
\amw lmffhshogh mo ga`s`g|hs g`xwhl ` gnsshwunolmod lmffhshogh
mo |ah hffhg| nf Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh" tamga t`w hjua`wm{hl c} |ah
dsh`|hs mogbmo`|mno nf uhlmjho| `ol w|hhuhs um|ga nf |ah snnf9 `o mj*
ushwwmnotamga t`w fxs|ahs w|shod|ahohl `ol lhfmohl c} |ah
|n|`bb}
lmffhsho| ga`s`g|hs `ol |sh`|jho| mo ub`o `ol nf Snj`o g`svmod `ol
lh|`mb/
\ah fmsw| Snj`o cxmblmodw thsh xolnxc|hlb} hshg|hl c} Dshhi
tnsijho" xolhs |ah wxuhsvmwmno nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|w" |n jhh| |ah lh*
j`olw nf |ahms gnopxhsnsw/ \amw mwh`wmb} usnvhl c} |ah ga`s`g|hs
nf `bb |ahwh
h`sb}shj`mow" wxga `w |anwh `| Gns`" `|
Unsouhmm"`ol
mo |ah
n|ahs h`sb} Snj`o gm|mhw/ B`|hs" anthvhs" taho |ah `g|x`b tnsij`o*
wamu t`w uhsa`uw bhf| |n |ah hqhgx|mno nf wb`vhw" wnjh|mjhw Dshhi `ol
wnjh|mjhw nf n|ahs nsmdmo" tm|anx| usnuhs wxuhsvmwmno" `ol taho |ah
`sgam|hg|xs`b ushghlho|w fxsomwahl c} |ah Dshhiw a`l chgnjh jnsh
shjn|h" `w |n lmw|`oghw nf cn|a |mjh `ol ub`gh9 ` dhohs`b lhg`lhogh mo
`sgam|hg|xs`b uxsm|}" hqhjubmfmhl c} |ah b`gi nf shfmohjho| mo lhwmdo"
chg`jh hvhs}tahsh ushv`bho| |asnxdanx| |ah Snj`o Hjumsh `ol |ah
gnxo|smhw xolhs m|w mofbxhogh/
\ah unju `ol bxqxs} tamga a`l nvhs|`iho |ah o`|mno hqushwwhl
m|whbf `sgam|hg|xs`bb} mo |ah nvhs*bxqxsm`ogh nf g`svmod `ol nso`jho|"
shushwwhl ohm|ahs c} |`w|h" shfmohjho|" ons gnowmlhs`|mnow nfhquhowh"
|a`| vhs} wnno chg`jh ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nf Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh/ \amw
ga`s`g|hs pxmgib} hvmlhoghl m|whbf |asnxdanx| `bb |ah gnbnomhw `ol
lhuholhogmhw nf |ah Hjumsh" `ol `ffhg|hl |ah n|ahstmwh bng`bhqushw*
wmno nf |ah ushv`mbmod `sgam|hg|xs`bw|}bh
o`|mvh |n |ah lmw|smg|/ M| t`w
|amw |holhog} |a`| t`w shwunowmcbh fns |ah hvnbx|mno nf |ah Nslhs
|hsjhl |ah Gnjunwm|h" tamga t`w `l`u|hl fsnj |ah Gnsmo|am`o fnsj
tm|a |ah wnbh mo|ho|mno nf `bbntmod `o hqgxwh fns jnsh nso`jho| `ol
g`svmod |a`o hvho |a`| hb`cns`|h Nslhs wxuubmhl/
Mo |amw lhg`lhogh" wmda| t`w wnno bnw| nf `bb |ah moahsho| o`|xs`b hq*
ushwwmno hjcnlmhl mo |ah Dshhi Nslhsw `| |ah |mjh taho |ah Snj`ow
nvhsg`jh `ol `sshw|hl |ah usndshww nf Dshhi gmvmbm{`|mno9 `ol gno*
whpxho|b}m|
wnno chgnjhw lmffmgxb| |n |s`gh |ah dsnt|a nf |ah Snj`ognbxjo fsnj hm|ahs w|noh ns tnnl chdmoomodw/ \ah gnbxjo" mo `||`mo*
mod |n `shdxb`sm|}
nf|}uh" fshpxho|b} chgnjhw gnbnsbhww `ol fb`ggml"
`ol a`w bnw| jxga momolmvmlx`bm|} `ol ga`s`g|hs/ \amw ds`lx`b
vxbd`sm{`|mno t`w `||holhl" anthvhs" tm|a `o mogsh`whlwxsh|} `ol
f`gmbm|}mo |ah hjubn}jho| nf |ah v`smnxw gnjunwm|mnow nf gnbxjow `ol
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015 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
gnbnoo`lhw/ \ah vhs} usnghww nf shlxgmod |ah Nslhsw |n ` #sxbh.$$
tm|a m|w mohvm|`cbh bnww nf `s|mw|mg hqushwwmno" }h| g`xwhl |ahj |n `||`mo
`o`vhs`dh
|a`|
j`lh|ahms
xwh unwwmcbh tm|a ` ghs*
|`mo|} nf on| dnmod f`s
tsnod c} molmvmlx`bw nf
molmffhsho| dhomxw ns `sgam*
|hg|xs`b |s`momod/
\amw ds`lx`b lhdho*
hs`|mno mw thbb hqhjubmfmhl
mo |ah gx||mod nf |ah fbx|*
mod nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w/
Tahsh |ah Dshhiw xwhl
|ahms chw| modhoxm|} mo hj*
ua`wm{mod" wa`suhomod" `ol
csmodmod nx| |ah s`mwhl
`ssmw tamgawhu`s`|hw |ah
fbx|modw
nf |ahms gnbxjow"
|ah Snj`ow" c} g`shbhww
gx||mod" wnno `bbnthl |ah
fbx|hw |n chgnjh wa`bbnt"
tm|a |ah shwxb| |a`| |ah
fmbbh| hldhw thsh on| wa`su*
b}lhfmohl `ol |ah ho|msh
wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo bnw|
jxga nf m|w ga`s`g|hs/ @|
|ah w`jh |mjh |a`| |ah
g`svmod nf |ah jnxblmod
f`ghw bnwhw mo ga`s`g|hs
`ol ch`x|} nf lh|`mb" m|
dsntw jnsh xomo|hshw|mod"
`ol mo f`g| jh`omodbhww"
`ol mw xwhl tm|a bhww lmw*
gsmjmo`|mno" fhhbmod" `ol
gnjjno whowh" xo|mb |ah
g`svmod mw hvho|x`bb} wn
ub`ghl `w mo jnw| mo*
w|`oghw |n lhw|sn} `ol gnofxwh |ah jh`omod nf |ah v`smnxw jnxblmod
nx|bmohw" |ahjwhbvhw ont jxga lhc`whl mo |}uh/
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Lhgns`|mvh G`svhl U`ohb/
Fhw|nnx fsnj \hjubh nf Vhw|`" \mvnbm/
Lhgns`|mvh G`svhl U`ohb/
H`dbh `ol Tsh`|a fsnj Fnsxj nf \s`k`o" Snjh/
Ont mo Gaxsga nf WW/ @unw|nbm" Snjh/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 010
\ah Snj`o jnxblmod whg|mnow fnbbnthl |ah w`jh gnxswh/ W|`s|*
mod tm|a |ah shfmohl Dshhi nx|bmoh" |ah} chg`jh gn`swh" `ol s`umlb}
lh|hsmns`|hl/ Tahsh |ah Dshhi lhj`olhl ` fmoh ds`l`|mno `ol wxc*
|mb|}nf gno|nxs" |ah Snj`o t`w w`|mwfmhl tm|a csn`l gno|s`w|w nf cb`gi
`ol tam|h" nf wxobmda| `ol wa`lnt" tm|a bm||bh wxc*ds`l`|mno nf |noh
ns shfmohjho| mo nx|bmoh/ \ah shwxb| mwh`wmb}
|s`gh`cbh |asnxdanx| `bb
Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh/ \ah nx|bmoh nf |ah hgamoxw jnxblmod nf |ah
Dshhi Lnsmg gnbxjo" `| fmsw| mjm|`|hl c} |ah Snj`ow" wnno bnwhw m|w
ga`s`g|hs" xo|mb" mo |ah Gnbnwwhxj" m| mw on|amod jnsh ons bhww |a`o `
gsxlh px`s|hs*snxol mo whg|mno/ \ah vnbx|h nf |ah Snj`o Mnomg g`u*
m|`b mw gsxlh taho gnju`shl tm|a |ah shfmohl jnxblmod `ol jnsh
jmox|h tnsimod nx| nf m|w Dshhi usn|n|}uh/ M| t`w cx|ngg`wmno`bb}
|a`|" mo |ah g`svmod nf wnjh cm| nf hb`cns`|h lh|`mb" |ah ubh`wxsh nf |ah
`s|mw`o mo hqushwwmod amw wimbb g`xwhl amj |n usnlxgh ` lhwmdo nf mo|hs*
hw| `ol ga`sj Fmd/ 05<-9 cx| |amw nso`jho| mw `bjnw| mov`sm`cb}
dmvho ` o`|xs`bmw|mg |sh`|jho|" pxm|h `| v`sm`ogh tm|a |ah jnsh lhgn*
s`|mvh `ol gnovho|mno`b sholhsmod tm|a tamga |ah Dshhiw holnthl
hvho |ah wmjubhw| cm|w nf |ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b nso`jho|/Mo `lnu|mod |ah Dshhi Nslhsw" |ah Snj`ow thsh hvmlho|b} jxga
jnshu`s|m`b |n |ah Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o fnsjw9 |ah b`||hs" hwuhgm`bb}"
|ah} xwhl mo j`o} lmffhsho| cxmblmodw/ @w |ah Dshhiw a`l `bsh`l}
wnbvhl |ah usmogmu`b usncbhjw nf |ah Nslhsw" |ah Snj`ow" mo tnsimod
nx| |ahms bng`b `ol molmvmlx`b |}uhw"gnoghsohl |ahjwhbvhw jnsh mo
v`s}mod |ah lh|`mbw `ol jnxblmodw |n wxm| |ahms nto mlh`w/
\ah ushghlho|w nffhshl c} |ah Snj`o tnsi |n tamga th g`o shfhs"
v`s} mo lh|`mb `ol usnuns|mno mo ` jxga bhww lhdshh |a`o t`w |sxh nf |ah
Dshhi Nslhsw/ \amw mw chg`xwh nf |ah f`g| |a`| |ah h`sbmhs cxmblmodw
thsh `bjnw| ho|mshb} lhw|sn}hl" ns |a`|" a`vmod `gghu|hl |ah Dshhi
Nslhsw `w ` c`wmw" |ah Snj`ow g`shl |n j`ih fht hquhsmjho|w hqghu|
mo tnsimod nx| jnsh hb`cns`|hb} |ah lh|`mbw nf |ah v`smnxw u`s|w/ M|
tmbb `bwn ch on|mghl |a`| |ah l`|hw nf hqhgx|mno nf Snj`o tnsi ln on|
fxsomwa |ah w`jh w|`ol`sl fns kxldmod nf m|w jhsm| `w t`w `bjnw| mo*
v`sm`cb} `uubmg`cbh
mo |ah g`wh nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh/ Wnjh Snj`o
tnsi nf b`|h l`|h vmhw mo hqhgx|mno tm|a |a`| nf |ah chw| h`sb} uhsmnlw
mo m|w usnuns|mnow" j`wwmod" `ol gnjunwm|mno nf jhjchsw `ol lh|`mbw/
\ahsh `sh gnju`s`|mvhb} fht hq`jubhw wantmod |ah Snj`o xw`dh
nf |ah Lnsmg `ol Mnomg Nslhsw" shj`momod mo `o}tahsh oh`s ` gnj*
ubh|h w|`|h nf ushwhsv`|mno" mo Snjh m|whbf9 tambh nf |ah cxmblmodw mo
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013 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Gnsomgh/
Fs|h{/h
@sgam|s`vh
tamga |ah Gnsmo|am`o `ol Gnjunwm|h Nslhsw thsh xwhl" |ahsh `sh
j`o} fmoh shj`mow/ Tah|ahs m| t`w |a`| |ah Snj`ow `g|x`bb} cx|
whblnj xwhl |ahwhfnsjw"
nstah|ahs"
mo|ah gnow|`o| lhjnbm|mno nf
h`sbmhs tnsi c} h`ga wxgghhlmod Snj`o sxbhs" |ahwh cxmblmodw thsh
hffhg|x`bb} lhw|sn}hl" m| mw ont
s`|ahs lmffmgxb| |nw`}/ Anthvhs"
|ah j`o} g`um|`bw nf h`sb} Mnomg
lhwmdo xwhl mo b`|hs cxmblmodw"
want c} |ahms v`s}mod ga`s`g|hs
nf tnsij`owamu `ol j`|hsm`b
|a`| |ah b`||hs `b|hso`|mvh j`}a`vh chho |ah `g|x`b g`wh/
\AH SNJ@O NSLHSW
\ah Snj`o Nslhs mw usnu*
hsb} gnjunwhl nf |ashh u`s|w
|ah Gnbxjo" |ah Ho|`cb`|xsh" `ol
|ah Uhlhw|`b" `w wanto mo Fmd/
058/ \ah uhlhw|`b mw nf|ho
njm||hl mo jnlhso tnsi9 `ol
|ah |hsj Nslhs" `w a`w `bsh`l}
chho w|`|hl" j`} ch `uubmhl `w
thbb |n |ah gnbxjo `ol ho|`cb`*
|xsh taho xwhl |ndh|ahs" `w |n |ah
gnjubh|h Nslhs/
H`ga nf |ah |ashh j`mo lmvm*
wmnow nf |ah Nslhs mw `bwn lmvmlhl
mo|n |ashh u`s|w/\ah gho|s`b
uns|mno nf |ah gnbxjo mw ionto `w
|ah wa`f|9 |ah bnths uns|mno mw
g`bbhl |ah c`wh9 `ol |ah xuuhs
uns|mno"|ah g`um|`b ns g`u/
\ah ho|`cb`|xsh" tamga mw
F/
0P8 |a`| uns|mno nf |ah Nslhs nggxs*
smod nvhs |ah gnbxjo" mw gnjunwhl
nf |ah `sgam|s`vh ns ub`|h*c`ol" tamga shw|w xuno |ah gnbxjo `ol
tamga mw m|whbf lmvmlhl mo|n whvhs`b c`olw ns f`wgm`w9|ah fsmh{h
ns
ub`mo uns|mno" kxw| `cnvh" wnjh|mjhw lhgns`|hl tm|a wgxbu|xsh9`ol
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 017
|ah gnsomgh ns usnkhg|mod u`s|" fnsjhl nf |tn j`mo lmvmwmnow |ah
chl_jnxbl `ol |ah g}j`|mxj ns g`u" |ah b`||hs |ah gsntomod jhjchs
mo|holhl |n |asnt nff |ah s`mo*t`|hs `ol u`s|m`bb} usn|hg| |ah wmlhw nf
|ah cxmblmod fsnj |ah th`|ahs/
\ah uhlhw|`b mw gnjunwhl" bmih |ah n|ahs j`mo lmvmwmnow" nf |ashh
u`s|w |ah gho|s`b ub`mo uns|mno ionto `w |ah lmh ns l`ln9 |ah bnt*
hs usnkhg|mod u`s|"g`bbhl |ah c`wh9 `ol |ah xuuhs usnkhg|mod u`s|" g`bbhl
|ah g`u ns g}j`|mxj/ Jnw| nf |ahwh j`mo u`s|w `sh `d`mo wxc*
lmvmlhl mo|n j`o} n|ahsw g`bbhl jnxblmodw ns jhjchsw" tamga `sh
fxs|ahs lhwgsmchl mo lh|`mb mo h`ga nf |ahub`|hw/
\ah \xwg`o Nslhs/ \ahsh `sh fmvh Snj`o Nslhsw" noh nf tamga
ionto `w |ah \xwg`o Fmd/ 6" U`s| M- wanxbl ch ub`ghl chfnsh
|ah Lnsmg" `ol mw nf jxga bhww mjuns|`ogh |a`o `o} nf |ah n|ahsw"
`b|anxda m| t`w ngg`wmno`bb} xwhl mo |ah bnths ns c`whjho| w|ns} nf `
cxmblmod/ \amw Nslhs j`} unwwmcb} a`vh chho ` gnjcmo`|mno nf
|ah Dshhi Lnsmg tm|a wnjh ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw |`iho fsnj |ah H|sxwg`o
Nslhsw" `b|anxda" `w m| mw ont gnjunwhl" m| mw usnc`cb} jnw| b`sdhb}
` gsh`|mno nf |ah Sho`mww`ogh" fnxolhl xuno wnjh nf |ah gsxlhs
shj`mow `ol wmjubhs hquhsmjho|w c} |ah Snj`ow mo |ah xwh nf |ah
Lnsmg Nslhs/
\amw \xwg`o Nslhs j`} ch b`sdhb} lmwshd`slhl mo |ah ushwho|
|sh`|mwh" `w m|wunwwmcmbm|mhw
fns xwh mo jnlhso tnsi `sh vhs} bmjm|hl/
M| a`w whblnj chho xwhl wmogh Snj`o |mjhw" `b|anxda ` fht dnnl hq*
`jubhw `sh fnxol `jnod |ah tnsiw nf |ah M|`bm`o `ol |ah Hodbmwa
Sho`mww`ogh/ M| j`} ch jho|mnohl |a`| m|w noh mov`sm`cbh ga`s`g|hs*
mw|mg mw mo shd`sl |n |ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo m|whbf" tamga mw `bt`}w ub`mo
`ol ohvhs fbx|hl/ Mo f`g|" wmjubmgm|}mw |ah gamhf mo|ho|mno nf |ah
\xwg`o Nslhs/ \ah jnxblmodw `sh |ahjwhbvhw wn fht" wn wmjubh"
`ol wn b`sdh mo wm{h |a`| |ah hffhg| mw hvho `bjnw| mogbmohl |n ch noh nf
gsxlm|} s`|ahs |a`o wmjubmgm|}/
\ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs/ \ah Snj`ow `bwn movho|hl `o Nslhs
|hsjhl |ah Gnjunwm|h" ls`to nx| jnsh mo lh|`mb mo Ub`|hw BV `ol
BVM"mo tamga `o
mo|hshw|mod
jh|anl nf
usnuns|mnomod
|ah v`smnxw
u`s|w nf |amw Nslhs mw wanto/ Kxw| `w |ah \xwg`o gnbxjo j`} ch
gnowmlhshl `w jhshb} ` wmjubmfmhlfnsj nf |ah Lnsmg" wn |ah Gnj*
unwm|h Nslhs mw ` jnsh hb`cns`|h fnsj nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o" `ol t`w
xwhl nob} fns uxsunwhw nf hq|shjh lmwub`} `ol nso`jho|`|mno/ \ah
dhohs`b usnuns|mnownf |amw Nslhs `sh `bjnw| hq`g|b} |ah w`jh `w
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01< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
|anwh nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o9 `ol m|w jmons lh|`mbw" tambh wmjmb`s" `sh
hvho jnsh hb`cns`|hb} nso`jho|hl/ \ah g`um|`b mw `o hvmlho| gnj*
cmo`|mno nf |ah usmogmu`b Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o fh`|xshw" `ol |ah ho*
|`cb`|xsh mw jnw|smgab}
jnxblhl `ol g`svhl/
\ahwh v`smnxw Nslhsw h`ga shwxb|hl fsnj |ah g`usmgh nf |ah `bb*
gnopxhsmod Snj`ow" tanwh lhwmsh t`w |a`| Snjh wanxbl j`ih `o
`uu`sho| `lv`ogh nvhs |ah gmvmbm{`|mnow tamga wah a`l `cwnschl/
Vmdonb`/ Mo`wjxga `w m| mw fsnj |ah Snj`o xwh nf |ah Nslhsw
|a`| th moahsm| |asnxda |ah jhlmxj" usmogmu`bb}"nf Vmdonb` nxs
ushwho| Gb`wwmg`b fnsjw" m| tmbb ch mo|hshw|mod |n gnowmlhs fns noh
jnjho| |ahshbm`cmbm|}
nf |amw `x|ansm|}" mo nslhs |n lh|hsjmoh ant
jxga lhuholhogh th wanxbl ub`gh xuno amw vhswmnow/
\ah dhohs`bb} `gghu|hl w|`ol`slw mo Gb`wwmg`b Snj`o tnsi `sh
|ah Nslhsw `w dmvho c} Vmdonb`/ Amw w|xl} nf Gb`wwmg`b `sgam|hg|xsh
t`w j`lh `cnx| |ah jmllbh nf |ah wmq|hho|a gho|xs} fsnj g`shfxb
jh`wxshjho|w nf |aho*hqmw|mod Snj`o tnsi9 `ol wmogh |a`| |mjh #\ah
Nslhsw nf @sgam|hg|xsh" `ggnslmod |n Dm`gnjn C`sn{{mnl` Vmdonb`"#
mo cn|a Hxsnuh `ol @jhsmg`" a`w chho `gghu|hl `w |ah w|`ol`sl
`x|ansm|}/ \ah fmsw| hlm|mno nf |amw cnni t`w uxcbmwahl mo Snjh mo
0867" `ol t`w fnbbnthl c} n|ahs wmjmb`s uxcbmg`|mnow `ss`odhl c}
wxga jho `w U`bb`lmn" Wg`jn{{m" @bchs|m" Onsj`ol" K`jhw Dmccw"
Wms Tmbbm`j Ga`jchsw" `ol n|ahsw/ H`ga nf |ahwh `x|ansm|mhw" tambh
fnxolmod amw vhswmno nf |ah Nslhsw xuno |a`| nf Vmdonb`" a`w `bwn
j`lh wnjh jnlmfmg`|mnow mo |}uh `ol lh|`mb" `l`u|mod |ah Nslhsw" mo
u`s| xognowgmnxwb}" |n |ah gxw|nj `ol a`cm| nf amw |mjh" `w thbb `w
mognsuns`|mod ga`odhw tamga amw nto hquhsmhogh `ol us`g|mgh a`l wxd*
dhw|hl/ M| mw |ahshfnsh s`|ahs |n ch hquhg|hl |a`| |ah v`smnxw |}uh
fnsjw `lvng`|hl c} |ahwh j`w|hsw `ol xwhl c} |ahj mo |ahms nto us`g*
|mgh `sh mo sh`bm|} Sho`mww`ogh Nslhsw s`|ahs |a`o Snj`o nohw9 cx|"
mo`wjxga `w |ah} fnbbnt |ah Snj`o s`|ahs |a`o |ah Dshhi |}uh"|ah
fnsjhs |m|bh mw w|mbb csn`lb} `uubmg`cbh|n |ahj" tambh |ah |sxh Snj`o
tnsi j`} ch||hs ch |hsjhl" fns uxsunwhw nf lmw|mog|mno" Gb`wwmg Snj`o
`sgam|hg|xsh/
Xom| nf Jh`wxshjho| nf |ah Nslhsw/ Shfhssmod |n Fmd/ 056"
#\ah U`s`bbhb nf |ah Nslhsw"# m| tmbb ch unwwmcbh |n |`ih xu |ah gno*
wmlhs`|mno nf |ah j`mo lmvmwmnow nf |ah |ashh usmogmu`b Snj`o Nslhsw/
\ah xom| nf jh`wxshjho| mw `d`mo wxclmvmlhl mo|n |tn jnlxbhw ns
whjm*lm`jh|hsw/ \ah jnlxbh mw fxs|ahs lmvmlhl" mo |ah `ggnju`o}mod
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*w|
*` *{ *|*
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016 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
mbbxw|s`|mnow `ol ub`|hw" wnjh|mjhw mo|n |thbvh u`s|w"fns |ah \xwg`o
`ol Lnsmg Nslhsw9 mo|n hmda|hho" fns |ah Mnomg" Gnsmo|am`o" `ol Gnj*
unwm|h9 `ol wnjh|mjhw mo|n |ams|} u`s|w" `w mo |ah Dshhi tnsi/ \ahwg`bhw wanto no |ah ub`|hw `sh mo|hsga`odh`cbh" `ol j`} ch xwhl tm|a
hm|ahs w}w|hj" fmvh u`s|wnf |ah b`||hs hq`g|b} hpx`bmod |ashh u`s|w nf |ah
Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o hmda|hho lmvmwmnow" ns |tn u`s|w nf |ah |thbvh
lmvmwmnow nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ \ah dhohs`b usnuns|mno nf |ah ahmda|w
nf |ah gnbxjow nf |ahwh fmvh Nslhsw mw ; mo |ah Snj`o \xwg`o Nslhs"
whvho lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" hmda| lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Mnomg
Nslhs" omoh lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o `ol Gnjunwm|h Nslhsw" |ho
lm`jh|hsw/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw `bt`}w noh*fnxs|a |ah
ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo9 |axw" mo |ah \xwg`o Nslhs" m| mw noh `ol |ashh*
fnxs|aw lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Lnsmg" |tn lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Mnomg" |tn `ol
noh*fnxs|a lm`jh|hsw9 `ol mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o `ol Gnjunwm|h" |tn `ol
noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw/ \amw dhohs`b w|`|hjho| nf |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah
fmvh Nslhsw wanxbl ch wxffmgmho|" `| bh`w| wn f`s `w shd`slw |ah fmsw| `ol
b`w| nf |ah whsmhw9 cx| |ah |ashh usmogmu`b Nslhsw shpxmsh jnsh wuhgmfmg
gnowmlhs`|mno/@| |ah smda| nf |ah Snj`o Nslhsw Fmd/ 056-" `sh wanto lmjho*
wmno bmohw j`sihl fns usnuns|mno`|h lmvmwmnow mo ahmda|" |ahwh lmvmwmnow
chmod lh|hsjmohl `ggnslmod |n |ah xom| nf jh`wxshjho| molmg`|hl9 |ah
bh||hs L w|`olmod fns lm`jh|hs `ol J fns |ah jnlxbh" ns noh*a`bf
lm`jh|hs/ \ahwh |ashh gnbxjow `sh `bb nf |ah w`jh wm{h `ol lmjhowmno
`| |ah c`wh" wn |ah xom| nf jh`wxshjho| |asnxdanx| mw nf |ah w`jh
bhod|a/
\ah Uhlhw|`b/ \ah Snj`o Nslhsw `sh `bb wanto tm|a ` uhlhw|`b"
tamga mw ohvhs hjubn}hl tm|a `o} nf |ah Dshhi gnbxjow/ \ahwh uhl*
hw|`bw" mo |ah hq`jubhw wanto" dmvh |ah hffhg| nf chmod s`|ahs wbholhs
fns |ahms ahmda|/ \amw mw g`xwhl" mou`s|" c} |ah c`wh chmod wn o`ssnt"
`ol |ah lmh ns gho|s`b ub`mo uns|mno" `w m| mw ahsh ls`to nx|" |nn amda/
J`o} `x|ansm|mhw ub`gh |ah gsnto jnxblmod nf |ah c`wh jxga amdahs
no |ah lmh |a`o |ah noh ahsh fnbbnthl" `ol x|mbm{h ` ub`mo ubmo|a
chbnt |ah c`wh*jnxbl |n |`ih
xu
|ah hq|s`
ahmda|/Dhohs`b Usnuns|mnow nf |ah Nslhsw/ \ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs
Fmd/ 056-" m| mw hvmlho| `| |ah fmsw| db`ogh" mw s`lmg`bb} lmffhsho| fsnj m|w
Dshhi usn|n|}uh/\amw `uuh`sw mo |ah jnxblmodw nf |ah g`u" mo |ah
c`wh" mo |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh" `ol m|w |smdb}ua `ss`odh*
jho| `ol |sh`|jho|/ \amw hq`jubh" |`iho fsnj Vmdonb`" mw wxuunwhl
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 014
|n a`vh chho wnjhta`|gbnwhb} `l`u|hl c} amj fsnj |ah Lnsmg Nslhs
xwhl mo |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw `| Snjh9 `b|anxda ah hjcnlmhl
wnjh gnowmlhs`cbh ga`odhw fsnj |ah nsmdmo`b mo |amw `||hju| `| lh|hs*
jmomod `w`|mwf`g|ns} |}uh fnsj/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo
g`um|`b"
mogbxlmod |ah ohgimod" mw noh jnlxbh ns noh*a`bf lm`jh|hs/ \ah gnb*
xjo c`wh mw |ah w`jh ahmda|/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn
lm`jh|hsw9 |ah `sgam|s`vh chmod noh jnlxbh" |ah fsmh{h chmod noh `ol
noh*a`bf" `ol |ah gnsomgh noh `ol noh*a`bf jnlxbhw mo ahmda| `ol |tn
jnlxbhw mousnkhg|mno/ \ah uhlhw|`b mw |tn `ol fnxs*wmq|aw lm`jh|hsw
amda9tm|a ` c`wh nf fmvh*wmq|aw
jnlxbh"`g`u
nf noh*a`bfjnlxbh"
`ol
` lmh nf fnxs jnlxbhw mo ahmda|/
\ah Snj`o Mnomg Nslhs" tm|a ` gnbxjo omoh lm`jh|hsw ns hmda*
|hho jnlxbhw mo ahmda|" a`w ` uhlhw|`b |ashh lm`jh|hsw amda9 nf tamga
fmvh jnlxbhw `sh shwhsvhl fns |ah lmh" noh*a`bf jnlxbh chmod fns |ah g`u
`ol c`whshwuhg|mvhb}/ Mo |ah gnbxjo |ah c`wh mw noh jnlxbh mo
ahmda|9 tambh |ahg`um|`b"
fsnj |ah ohgimod xu" mw |tn*|amslw nf `
jnlxbh amda" `ol fsnj |ah cn||nj hldh nf |ah vnbx|h |n |ah |nu nf |ah
`c`gxw m| mw noh jnlxbh/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn `ol noh*fnxs|a
lm`jh|hsw nvhs `bb" tamga ahmda| mw lmvmlhl `jnod |ah whu`s`|h u`s|w
`w fnbbntw; |ah `sgam|s`vh a`w noh `ol noh*fnxs|a jnlxbhw9 |ah
fsmh{h" noh `ol |ashh*fnxs|aw jnlxbhw9 `ol |ah gnsomgh mw |tn
jnlxbhw amda `olusnkhg|w noh jnlxbh `ol |ams|hho u`s|w/
\ah Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjo mo Fmd/ 056 mw |ho lm`jh|hsw amda/ \ah
uhlhw|`b mw |ashh `ol noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" tm|a fmvh jnlxbhw
`ol |ho
u`s|w`w |ah
ahmda|nf |ah lmh" |tn*|amslw nf ` jnlxbh fns |ah
c`wh" `ol whvho*omo|aw nf ` jnlxbh fns |ah g`u/ \ah c`wh nf |ah gnb*
xjo mw `d`mo noh jnlxbh mo ahmda|/ \ah g`um|`b mw |tn `ol noh*|amsl
jnlxbhw amda/ @w tmbb ch whho" |ah hq|s` lm`jh|hs mo |ah ahmda| nf |ah
gnbxjo mw us`g|mg`bb} |`iho g`sh nf mo |ah chbb nf |ahg`um|`b/
\ah
ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn `ol noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw amda" ch`smod |ah w`jh
shb`|mnow |n |ah gnbxjo `w mo |ah |tn n|ahs Nslhsw9 `ol nf |amw ahmda|"
noh `ol noh*a`bf jnlxbhw `sh dmvho |n |ah `sgam|s`vh" noh `ol noh*a`bf
jnlxbhw |n |ah fsmh{h" `ol |tn jnlxbhw |n |ah gnsomgh" tamga mo |xso
usnkhg|w |tn jnlxbhw `ol |tn u`s|w/
H@SB] SNJ@O LNSMG
@bb v`smh|mhw nf Snj`o gnbxjow" n|ahs |a`o |anwh lmw|mog|b}
j`sihl c} |ah lhwmdo nf |ahms g`um|`bw`w Mnomg" Gnsmo|am`o" ns Gnj*
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011 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
unwm|h"`sh |hsjhl \xwg`o H|sxwg`o-" xobhww m| mw ionto |a`| |ah
fsmh{h mw lhgns`|hl tm|a |smdb}uaw"tamga mo Snj`o tnsi |axw `d`mo
chgnjh |ah lmw|modxmwamod fh`|xsh nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/
\ahsh `sh cx| |ashh mow|`oghw nf |ah xwh nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs mo
Snjh m|whbf" `b|anxda m| t`w nf|ho hjubn}hl mo Unjuhmm" @wm` Jmons"
W}sm`"`ol Ons|ahso @fsmg`9 `ol |ah fht n|ahs M|`bm`o hq`jubhw `sh
`bjnw| mov`sm`cb} gmsgxjwgsmchl c} molmvmlx`b uhgxbm`sm|mhw mo h`ga
u`s|mgxb`s g`wh" `ol `sh usnc`cb} |ah usnlxg| nf Dshhi tnsijho `ol
gbnwhb} gnumhl fsnj Dshhi Lnsmg fnsjw/
Lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah Dshhi `ol Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhsw/ @bb |ah
Snj`o nslhsw lmffhs mo |ah shb`|mno nf |ah gnbxjo ahmda|w |n |ahms
lm`jh|hsw" cx| ` ghs|`mo `jnxo| nf shwhjcb`ogh mw |s`gh`cbh |n |ah
h`sbmhs Dshhi fnsj mo cn|a |ah Mnomg `ol |ah Gnsmo|am`o/ \amw mw
uhsa`uw bh`w| |sxh nf |ah |}umg`b Snj`o Lnsmg" |`imod |ah fnsj dmvho
c} Vmdonb` `w |}umg`b"`w |amw Snj`o Lnsmg gnbxjo mw bhww bmih |ah
Dshhi fnsj |a`o hm|ahs nf |ah n|ahs Nslhsw/
\ah Lnsmg gnbxjo nf |ah Snj`ow mw hmda| lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda| `w
gnju`shl |n |ah whvho lm`jh|hsw nf |ah Dshhi Nslhs" `ol mw noh*
whvho|a nf m|w c`wh lm`jh|hs bhww `| |ah ohgi9 `ol m| |ahshfnsh lmffhsw"
c} |ah ahmda| nf `o ho|msh lm`jh|hs jnsh |a`o |ah n|ahs Snj`o
Nslhsw" fsnj |ah dhohs`b usnuns|mnow nf |ah Dshhi nsmdmo`bw/
@wmlh fsnj lmffhshoghw nf usnuns|mno mo |ah gnbxjo wa`f| m|whbf"
`ol |ah lmffhsho| jh|anl nf fbx|mod |ah b`|h Snj`o gnbxjo" |ahsh mw `
vhs} s`lmg`b lmffhshogh mo |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh9 tambh Vmd*
onb` a`w dmvho mo |ah uhlhw|`b `o `llm|mno tamga fmsw| `uuh`sw mo |ah
`sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Snj`ow/ \ahsh mw vhs} sh`wno`cbh lnxc| tah|ahs
`o} |sxh Snj`o ushghlho| g`o ch fnxol |n w`og|mno |ah xwh nf |amw
moonv`|mno tm|a `o} Nslhs" bh`w| nf `bb tm|a |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo/ Mo |ah
\hjubh `| Gns`" tamga jxw| ch gnowmlhshl `w nf Dshhi tnsij`owamu
hvho |anxda nggxssmod xolhs |ah Snj`o shdmjh" |ah `uu`sho| uhlhw|`b
wanto mo Fmd/ 054 mw sh`bb}` b`sdh cx||shww gnofmomod |ah w|hu `uusn`ga
|n |ah \hjubh/ \amw gx| `bwn mbbxw|s`|hw |ah gbnwhshb`|mnowamu |a`|
hqmw|w ch|thho |ah h`sb} Snj`o tnsi `ol m|w Dshhi nsmdmo`bw/
\ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs" `w xwhl mo |ah fmsw| hq`jubhw" v`smhl cx|
bm||bh fsnj |ah ushghlmod Dshhi |}uhw/ \ah gnbxjodhohs`bb} a`w on
c`wh" tambh |ah hgamoxw `ol |ah fbx|mod nf |ah gnbxjogbnwhb} fnbbnt
|ah Dshhi whg|mnow/
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8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII
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0=5 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
\hjubh `| Gns`" M|`b}/ \ah nob} hq|`o| hq`jubh nf ` shg|`odxb`s
Snj`o Lnsmg |hjubh mw |ah noh `| Gns`" |ah hq`g| l`|h nf tamga mw on|
ionto9 cx| fsnj usnc`cb} gno|hjuns`ohnxw shj`mow" m| a`w chho
|anxda| |a`| m| mw `| bh`w| `w h`sb} `w 15 C/ G/ Mo |ah shj`mow nf |amw
|hjubh Fmd/ 054-" |ah gnbxjo" `b|anxda dmvho ` c`wh" n|ahstmwh vhs}
gbnwhb} shwhjcbhw |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs9 `ol |ah |smdb}ua mw ub`ghl no
|ah gnsohs `odbh nf |ah cxmblmod `f|hs |ah Dshhi gxw|nj/
Fmd/ 054 mw ` shusnlxg|mno nf noh nf |ah f`jnxw Csxoh ls`tmodw
ont ntohl c} |ah J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/ \ah |hj*
ubh mw wpx`sh mo ub`o" a`w ` fnxs*gnbxjo ns ahq`w|}bh uns|mgn" `ol mo
|ah j`mo lmffhsw cx| bm||bh fsnj ushghlmod Dshhi tnsi/ \ah gnsomgh
mogbxlhw ` jx|xbh nvhs |ah jh|nuh" `ol ` |smdb}ua xwhl no h`ga f`gh nf
|ah gnsohs `odbhw9 `ol j`o} nf |ah jnxblmod whg|mnow" `w thbb `w |ah
fbx|mod nf |ah gnbxjow" `shlmw|mog|mvhb} Dshhi/ No |ah n|ahs a`ol
|ah |smdb}uaw `sh nf lmffhsho| usnuns|mnow" `ol |ah gnbxjo a`w ` c`wh9
tambh n|ahs nf |ah jnxblmodw wxga" fns mow|`ogh" `w |anwh no |ah `o|wh
nsumb`w|hsw molmg`|h |ah hffhg|w nf Snj`o mofbxhogh/ \amw ls`tmod
mw wn `ss`odhl |a`| |ah gnsomgh mw wanto gnjubh|h" tm|a ` u`s| nf |ah|mbh snnf9 `ol |ah gnbxjo mw gx| wn |a`| |ah ohgimod `ol |ah c`wh" tm|a
|ah gsntomod jnxblmodw nf |ah w|}bnc`|h ns uhlhw|`b `sh cn|aub`mob}
lmwub`}hl9 tambh ` ub`o nf |ah xolhswmlh ns wnffm| nf |ah gnsomgh mw
wanto `| |ah smda| nf |ah gnbxjo/ \amw uhlhw|`b mw mosh`bm|} nob} `
usnkhg|mod cx||shww" hogbnwmod |ah wu`gh nf |ah w|hu `uusn`ga" m|w |nu
chmod bhvhb tm|a |ah fbnns nf |ah ub`|fnsj ns w|}bnc`|h/ \ahwh h`sb}
cxmblmodw thsh usnc`cb} `bb hqhgx|hl c} Dshhi tnsijho" tamga hq*
ub`mow |ahms gbnwh `lahshogh |n |ah Dshhi fnsjw/
Xwh nf \smdb}ua `| Gnsohs @odbh/ Mo `bb |ah h`sb} hq`jubhw nf |ah
xwh nf |ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs hjubn}hl mo cxmblmodw wpx`sh ns shg*
|`odxb`s mo ub`o"|ah |smdb}ua mw xwhl no |ah gnsohs nf |ah `odbh `f|hs
|ah Dshhi f`wamno" `w mw fxs|ahs wanto mo |ah ls`tmodw nf fs`djho|w nf
|ah Snj`o shj`mow `| Gns`" |ah jnlhso Gnsm/ Fmdw/ 054 `ol 05=-/
\ah \hjubh `| Gns`" `w thbb `w wnjh shj`mow nf Snj`o Lnsmg
|hjubhw l`|modfsnj `cnx| 355 C/ G/ `ol
unwwmcb}
shw|nshl `| ` b`|hs
uhsmnl" molmg`|hw" c} |ah o`ssnt mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno `| |ah gnsohs" `w
wanto no |ah nbl fbnns ub`o" |a`| |ah|smdb}uaw
nggxsshl no |ah `odbh
`f|hs |ah Dshhi f`wamno/ No |ah |njc nf Wgmumn Fmd/ 051- `ol |ah
|tn |njcw `| Onsgam`" `w thbb `w no |ah uhlhw|`bw wanto mo Fmd/ 05="
|ah |smdb}uaw `bt`}w nggxs no |ah `odbhw/ Mo |ah |ashh xwhw nf |amw
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 0=0
Nslhs mo Snjh |ah \`cxb`smxj" |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" `ol |ah
Gnbnwwhxj |ah usncbhj nf |ah gnsohs `odbh mw on| ushwho|hl" no `g*
gnxo| nf |ah gmsgxb`s ub`o nf |ah cxmblmod `ol |ah fnsj `ol |sh`|jho|
nf |ah Nslhs mo h`ga g`wh/
Fs`djho|w fsnj \hjubh `| Gns`/ \ah fs`djho|w nf `sgam|hg|xs`b
lhwmdo d`|ahshl |ndh|ahs mo Fmd/ 05= tamga shusnlxghw `on|ahs nf |ah
ch`x|mfxb ls`tmodw c} Hj`oxhb Csxoh `ol mw usnc`cb} noh nf |ah jnw|
*
JH\SH
Fmd/ 051/
mo|hshw|mod `sgam|hg|xs`b sholhsmodw mo hqmw|hogh" cn|a no `ggnxo| nf |ah
ch`x|} nf |ah lh|`mbw whbhg|hl `ol `bwn no `ggnxo| nf |ah csmbbm`o| ls`f|w*
j`owamu wanto mo |ah hqhgx|mno nf |ah ls`tmod thsh |`iho fsnj |ah
`ogmho| Snj`o |hjubhw `| Gns`" M|`b}"`ol want" `bnod tm|a |ah whv*
hs`b mo|hshw|mod Lnsmg lh|`mbw" ` fht nf jnsh hb`cns`|h ga`s`g|hs/ @|
|ah cn||nj `ol bhf| nf |ah ls`tmod mw ` fbx|hl uhlhw|`b" wxga `w jmda|ch hjubn}hl |n g`ss} ` fmdxsh ns wnjh n|ahs umhgh nf wgxbu|xsh/ \aho" mo
|ah fnshdsnxol" mw wanto |ah c`wh nf ` fbx|hl gnbxjo nf |ah @||mg|}uh/
@cnvh |amw mw ` jnw| ch`x|mfxb ls`tmod nf ` Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`b" tm|a
mo|hshw|mod v`sm`|mnow fsnj |ahw|smg|b}
Gb`wwmg`b |}uh mo |ah `ss`odh*
jho| nf wnjh nf |ah bh`f fnsjw" `ol hwuhgm`bb} mo |tn ansow ns |holsmbw
mowhs|hl mo |ah unwm|mno xwx`bb} nggxumhl c} |ah wj`bbhs vnbx|hw/ \ah
`g`o|axw bh`vhw nf |ahg`um|`b
`sh on|`cb} gsmwu`ol w|snod mo |sh`|*
jho|9 |ah} fnbbntgbnwhb}
|ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo" `ol hol `| |ah |nu
mo `wums`b" w|snodb} wxuuns|hl `ol }h| tm|a ` ds`ghfxb nx|t`sl chol/
\amw g`um|`btmbb `f|hst`sl ch shfhsshl |n mo |ah lhwgsmu|mno nf |ah
Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs/- @ bm||bh fxs|ahs |n |ah smda| `sh |tn hq`jubhw nf
Lnsmgg`um|`bw" wantmod uns|mnow
nf |ah ohgi `ol c`whw nf |ah gnbxjow/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 0=7
Ch}nol |ahwh mw `on|ahs uns|mno nf ` gnbxjo c`wh" usnc`cb} xwhl tm|a
` Gnsmo|am`o ns Mnomg gnbxjo" ahsh g`ss}mod ` wj`bb fs`djho| tm|a
j`wi lhgns`|mno/
\ah |tn jnxblhl c`whw lhwgsmchl `cnvh want hvmlho| hquhsm*
jho|w no |ah u`s| nf |ahms lhwmdohsw mo |ah xwh nf |amw fnsj nf c`wh/ Mo
|ah noh b`w| jho|mnohl" |tn |nsxw jnxblmodw `sh whu`s`|hl nob} c} `
fmbbh|9 tambh mo |ah noh fmsw| jho|mnohl" |ahsh mw ` vhs} o`ssnt `ol `u*
u`sho|b} jxga gsxwahl anbbnt jhjchs ch|thho |ah fmbbh|w whu`s`|mod
|ah |nsxw jnxblmodw/
\ahwhfs`djho|w
`sh `bb
ub`ghl
mo fsno| nf ` gnsomgh tm|a ch`x|m*
fxbb}g`svhl hdd*`ol*l`s| `ol ch`l*`ol*shhb jnxblmodw" wxuuns|mod
s`|ahs `tit`slb}*usnuns|mnohl cs`gih|w g`ss}mod |ah gsntomod jhj*
chsw nf |ah gnsomgh/ @cnvh |amw gnsomgh" mo |ah gho|hs nf |ah ls`tmod"
mw ` c`wh wxuuns|mod ` g`um|`b nf s`|ahs xoxwx`b lhwmdo/ Mo |ah gho|hs
nf h`ga wmlh" nggxu}mod |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah vnbx|hw" mw ` whvhshb}
gb`wwmg ah`l nf Jmohsv`/ \ah gnsohsw `sh wxuuns|hl c} wmjubh cx|
w|snod `ol ah`v} vnbx|hw/ \ah `c`gxw mw wmjmb`s |n |a`| no |ah h`sb}
Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`bw/ @| |ah smda| `ol bhf| nf |amw g`um|`b `sh uhlhw|`bw
g`ss}mod Lnsmg gnsomghw on| xobmih mo |sh`|jho| |n |ah gnsomgh nf |ah
\njc nfWgmumn/ Mo |ah c`gidsnxol `sh whvhs`b# umhghw nf `sgam|hg*
|xs`b fs`djho|w/ @on|ahs snxol uhlhw|`b mw ahsh ub`ghl `| |ah bhf|
nf |ah ub`|h9 tambh |ah |`bb wpx`sh uhlhw|`b g`ssmhw ` wj`bb `o|hfmq lhg*
ns`|hl tm|a ` Dshhi `o|ahjmno jn|mf/ @| |ah smda| mw ` u`ohb nf bh||hs*
mod" `ol `cnvh |amw `o nso`jho|`b gshw|mod nf ` anoh}wxgibh jn|mf"
tamga wantsw mo |ah shusnlxg|mno `bjnw| `w l`si `w |ah Gb`wwmg b`ol*
wg`uh mo |ah lmw|`ogh/
\ah ch`x|mfxb bh||hsmod mo |amw u`ohb" `ol `bwn no |ah f`gh nf |ah
wpx`sh uhlhw|`b mjjhlm`|hb} mo fsno| nf m|" wanxbl ch on|mghl/ @bb |ah
lh|`mbw wanto no |amw ub`|h `sh |ansnxdab} Dshhi mo cn|a |sh`|jho| `ol
fhhbmod" `ol thsh xolnxc|hlb} hqhgx|hl c} Dshhi tnsijho `ol `sgam*
|hg|w" `| `o h`sb} uhsmnl mo |ah lhvhbnujho| nf Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh/
GB@WWMG SNJ@O LNSMG
M| whhjw" |ahshfnsh" |a`| mo Snj`o cxmblmodw |ah h`sbmhs xw`dh
fnbbnthl vhs} gbnwhb} |ah Dshhi jnlhbw mo |ah unwm|mnonf |ah |smdb}ua"
`ol mo |ah whg|mnow nf |ah jnxblmodw |ahjwhbvhw9 cx| |ah sh`b Snj`o
Lnsmg Nslhs mw |a`| wanto mo |ahms b`|hs tnsi/ C} |ah |mjh nf |ah
cxmblmod nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw C/ G/ 77*07-" |ah Nslhs a`l
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0=< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
|`iho no ` lmw|mog|b}Snj`o ga`s`g|hs" cn|a mo |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah
jnxblmodw `ol mo m|w dhohs`b usnuns|mnow/ C} shfhssmod |n Fmd/ 005"
*UHSWUHGM\
SNJ@ONF
LNSKN
HO\@CJ BH?
Fmd/ 005/
m| tmbb ch whho ant lmffhsho| |ah hjubn}jho| nf |amw Nslhs t`w fsnj
|ah Dshhi Lnsmg/ \ah xwh nf |ah lho|mb `ol |sh`|jho| nf |ah wnffm| `sh
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 0=8
pxm|h lmw|mog|mvh" `ol hvho taho |ah Dshhi fnsj nf jx|xbh mw xwhl" m|"
mw tm|a hwwho|m`b lmffhshoghw nf lh|`mb/ \amw hq`jubh mw dhohs`bb}
wanto tm|anx| ` c`wh |n |ah gnbxjo9 mo b`|hs Snj`o xw`dh" anthvhs"
m| mw pxm|h w`fh |n mogbxlh ` wmjubh c`wh `w `o hwwho|m`b u`s| nf |ah Lnsmg
Nslhs/ \amw j`} a`vh chho lxh |n |ah mofbxhogh nf |ah H|sxwg`ow"
tan xwx`bb} hjubn}hl ` wmjubh c`wh no |ahms gsxlh gnbxjow/ Mo
Fmd/ Mbb `sh wanto fnxs hq`jubhw nf Snj`o Lnsmg c`whw/ \tn nf
Fmd/ 000/
|ahwh C `ol L- `sh fsnj Vmdonb`" noh G- fsnj U`bb`lmn" `ol noh @-
fsnj `o nbl hq`jubh `| @bc`om oh`s Snjh/ \ah c`wh `| Gns`" Fmd/
054" vhs} gbnwhb}shwhjcbhw |a`| wanto `| C mo |amw fmdxsh" tm|a |ah
wj`bb a`bf*snxol chbnt |ah fmbbh| njm||hl/ \amw c`wh C- mw |a`| xwhl
c} Vmdonb` mo amw lho|mgxb`s Nslhs" tambh ah `wwmdow |ah whg|mno `| L
|n |ah jx|xb`s fnsj/
Xwh nf Gnbxjo mo Gnoohg|mno tm|a @sg`lh \ah \`cxb`smxj/
\ah \`cxb`smxj `| Snjh" cxmb| c} G`|xbbxw mo 41 C/ G/" g`ssmhw |ah
h`sbmhw| ionto xwh nf |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo hjubn}hl |n whu`s`|h |ah `sgahw
nf `o `sg`lh" `f|hs |ah j`oohs wanto mo Fmd/ ==/ \amw w|sxg|xsh t`w
cxmb| `d`mow| |ah G`um|nbmoh Ambb" `ol ushwho|hl ` f`gh nf mjjhowh t`bb"
g`ss}mod" |ams|}*wmqfhh| `cnvh |ah dsnxol" ` whsmhw nf `sgahw f`gmod
|nt`sl |ah Fnsxj `olwxuuns|hl
noumhsw/
\ah ohq| hq`jubhw" mo gasnonbndmg`b whpxhogh" `sh |anwh mo |ah
\ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" 37 C/ G/ Fmd/ 007-" `ol mo |ah Gnbnwwhxj" 43
@/ L/ Fmd/ 003-/ Mo cn|a |ahwh g`whw" |ah gnbxjow `sh hod`dhl `ol
wh| xuno ` gno|moxnxw gnxswh ns fnn|mod" tamga j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w
wxddhw|mod |ah molmvmlx`b gnbxjo uhlhw|`b wanto c} Vmdonb`/ \ah
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0=1 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
LNSMG*NSLHS9
\AH@\IHNFJ@SGHBBVW
Fmd/ 007/
jnxblmodw nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`s*
ghbbxw `ol |ah \`cxb`smxj `sh
wxddhw|mvhb}Dshhi mo
ga`s`g|hs"tambh mo |ah Gnbnwwhxj |ah
jnxblmod whg|mnow `sh `bjnw|
|ansnxdab} Snj`o mo nx|bmoh `ol
|ah Nslhsw `sh `bb nf ` jnsh ns*
lmo`s} |}uh/@bb |ashh nf |ahwh
cxmblmodw `sh mo Snjh" `ol |ah
|tn b`w| `sh `bwn |ah |tn chw|
ionto hq`jubhw nf |ah xwh nf |ah
Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs/
\ah Gnbnwwhxj/ \ah Gnbnw*
whxj mw xolnxc|hlb} |ah chw|
ionto `juam|ah`|hs" `ol" tambh
gnjjhoghl mo 43 @/ L/ c} Vhw*
u`wm`o" t`w gno|moxhl c} \m|xw"
`olfmo`bb} mo`xdxs`|hl c}
Lnjm*
|m`o mo 13 @/ L/ @| |amw |mjh
|ah |ashh bnths w|nsmhw nob} thsh
gnjubh|hl/ \ahwh w|nsmhw `sh
h`ga lhgns`|hl no |ah f`gh c} `o
`||`gahl Nslhs" |ah bnthw| chmod
\xwg`o |ahsh `sh on |smdb}uaw
mo |ah fsmh{h-" tm|a jnxblmodw
fnbbntmod jnsh |ah H|sxwg`o |a`o
|ah Dshhi whg|mno/ \ah whgnol
w|ns} mw lhgns`|hl tm|a `o Mnomg
Nslhs" `ol |ah |amsl tm|a ` Gn*
smo|am`o" wh| no ` l`ln csh`imod
nx| |n fnsj ` wns| nfuhlhw|`b
xolhsoh`|a h`ga gnbxjo wa`f|/
\ah ho|`cb`|xshw `sh `bb g`ssmhl
`snxol |ah cxmblmod tm|anx| `o}
csh`i/ \ah |nu w|ns}" `cnvh |ah
`sg`lhw" t`w on| `llhl xo|mb |ah
h`sb} u`s| nf |ah |amsl gho|xs}
@/ L/
35<
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Lh|`mb nf \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" Snjh/
Wantmod Snj`o xwh nf Mnomg Nslhs nvhs Lnsmg9 `bwn ga`s`g|hsmw|mg #hod`dhl# gnbxjow `ol`sg`lh |sh`|jho|/ Shw|nshl c} Ga/ Dms`xb| `ol H/ Unxbmo/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 05=
\ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw/ Mo Fmd/ 007 mw ls`to nx| |ah Snj`o
Lnsmg Nslhs fsnj |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw/ \amw wa`f| mw wanto
smwmod lmshg|b} fsnj ` whsmhw nf w|huw/ B`|hs lmwgnvhsmhw whhj |n mo*
lmg`|h |a`| |amw wa`f| a`l ` vhs} wmjubh c`wh |sh`|jho|/ Fmd/ 005 mw `
uhswuhg|mvh nf ` wxuunwm|m|mnxw gnsohs `odbh wantmod |ah xwh nf `
Snj`o Nslhs" tm|a lh|`mbw |`iho fsnj |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw/
\amw hq`jubh nf ` Lnsmg Nslhs tm|a |ah gnsomghf`bwhb} wanto `w
|anxda csniho `snxol `o nx|hs `odbh ns gnsohs nf |ah cxmblmod mw on|
|}umg`b" mo |a`| m| njm|who|mshb} |ah jx|xbh mo |ah gnsomgh/ \ah jx*
|xbh mw `w mjuns|`o| ` u`s| nf |ah dhohs`b xwh nf |ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs
`w m| t`w nf |ah Dshhi" w`vh |a`| mo |ah b`|hs Snj`o xw`dh |ah jx|xbh
t`w ohvhs wu`ghl nvhs |ah jh|nuh" cx| |ah wnffm| nf |ah gnsomgh fsnj
jx|xbh |n jx|xbh t`w fmbbhl c} jh`ow nf ` lhgns`|hl u`ohb/ \amw
u`s|mgxb`s gnsomgh g`ssmhw ` snt nf lho|mbw mo ub`gh nf |ah jx|xbhw"
tambh ` u`ohb mo |ah wnffm| nggxssmod nvhs |ah |smdb}ua mw fmbbhl tm|a lh*
uholho| dx||nh9 `ol |ah Nslhs wanto ahsh `ol mo Ub`|h VMM" `ggnj*
u`o}mod U`s| M" j`} ch jnsh `uusnusm`|hb} |hsjhl Lho|mgxb`s Lnsmg"
`o movho|mno nf |ah Snj`ow/ @w ` j`||hs nff`g|" anthvhs"
th a`vh on
`x|aho|mg Snj`o hq`jubh mo tamga |amw gnsohs |sh`|jho| a`w chho
`g|x`bb} hjubn}hl/ Vmdonb`" mo ub`gmod amw |smdb}ua `ol jh|nuh nvhs
|ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `ol bh`vmod |ah gnsohs `odbh ub`mo"`w mw
wanto mo |amw uhswuhg|mvh wih|ga" whhjw |n a`vh |`iho m| fns ds`o|hl
|a`| |ah Snj`ow" mo g`wh |ah} hjubn}hl |ah Nslhs mo |amw t`}" tnxbl
wn a`vh |sh`|hl |ah hq|hso`b `odbh nf |ah fsmh{h/ Cx| mo |ah chw| b`|h
Snj`o mow|`ogh nf |ah xwh nf |amw Nslhs" |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw
`ol |a`|" |nn" |ah mow|`ogh no tamga Vmdonb` mw wxuunwhl |n a`vh fnxol*
hl amw vhswmno nf |ah Nslhs |ahsh mw on wxga gnsohs `odbh |sh`|jho|"
|ah cxmblmod m|whbf chmod gmsgxb`s nshbbmu|mg`b
mo ub`o" `ol |ahshfnsh
shpxmsmod on `odbh |sh`|jho| ta`|wnhvhs/
\ah Uhlhw|`b nf |ah Nslhs/ \ah unwwmcbh lhsmv`|mno nf |ah uhl*
hw|`b |sh`|jho| mw wxddhw|hl mo Fmd/ 038" tahsh |ah Mnomg Nslhs nf |ah
\ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw mw ls`to nx|/ M| mw ahsh whho |a`| |ah uhlhw|`b
`ol m|w g`u fnsj ` gno|moxnxw chb| gnxswh" jhshb} csh`imod nx| `snxol
|ah usnkhg|mod gnbxjo9 cx| |ah `g|x`b hffhg| mo |ah cxmblmod mw jnsh
|a`| nf ` gno|moxnxw l`ln" xuno tamga `sh wh| |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w/
\ah sh`wno fns |amw mw hvmlho|" `w n|ahstmwh |ah usnkhg|mod gnsomgh nf
|ah bnths Nslhs" |ah Lnsmg" tnxbl gnjubh|hb} gx| nff |ah bnths uns|mno
nf |ah Mnomg gnbxjo wa`f| taho whho fsnj |ah nslmo`s} dsnxol bhvhb/
754
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355 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
@w ` j`||hs nf f`g|" |ahsh mw" mo Snj`o xw`dh" on mow|`ogh nf ta`|
j`} w|smg|b} wuh`imod ch |hsjhl ` #uhlhw|`b# nggxssmod tm|a `o}
Nslhs9 `ol wxga `uu`sho| mow|`oghw j`} ch |s`ghl |n noh nf |ah |tnjh|anlw `bsh`l} jho|mnohl `w xwhl no |ah Gnbnwwhxj ns no |ah \hj*
ubh `| Gns`/ Mo W}sm` |ahsh `sh ` fht hq`jubhw nfuhlhw|`bw" `w `|
I`o`t`|" Jnxwjmha" U`bj}s`" `ol |ah Usnu}bwh` `| C``bchg9 cx| mo
|ah |hjubhw" |ah`|hsw" `ol `juam|ah`|hsw nf Snjh |ah} ln on| hqmw|"
hqghu| `w u`s|w nf `o `||mg ns l`ln shpxmshl |n `bbnt ` wu`gh fns |ah
v`xb|mod nf |ah bnthsw|ns}" `w mo |ah Gnbnwwhxj" ns `w ` cx||shww
xwhl |n cnxol |ah w|huuhl `uusn`ga |n ` |hjubh" `w mo |ah \hjubh `|
Gns`/
\ahsh mw" jnshnvhs" on b`|h `ol uxshb} Snj`o fnsj nf |ah Lnsmg
Nslhs xwhl mo ` cxmblmod tahsh `o `odbh |sh`|jho| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh
Fmd/ 00</
a`w chho shpxmshl/ \amwbmchs|}
nf Vmdonb`$w" `w thbb `w |ah wmjmb`s noh
tahsh ah a`w chw|nthl ` uhlhw|`b xolhs |ah Snj`o gnbxjo" mw on|
gnowmlhshl |n a`vh `lhpx`|h fnxol`|mno mo |sxh Snj`o tnsi" `b|anxda
m| xolnxc|hlb} hqushwwhw |ah dhohs`b gxw|nj ns xw`dh lxsmod |ah Sho*
`mww`ogh uhsmnl/
351
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 350
Vmdonb`$w Jx|xb`s Snj`o Lnsmg/ \ah jx|xb`s Snj`o Lnsmg"
`ggnslmod |n Vmdonb`" mw wanto mo Ub`|h MQ" U`s| M/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh"
`w `bsh`l} w|`|hl" mw noh*px`s|hs nf |ah gnbxjo ahmda|9 `ol |ah g`u*
m|`b noh jnlxbh mo ahmda| nggxswlmshg|b}
xolhs |ah |smdb}ua mo |ah
fsmh{h" tamga mw m|whbf ` jnlxbh mo csh`l|a/ \amw |smdb}ua mw wanto
jnsh u`s|mgxb`sb}mo Fmd/ 00<9 `ol c} shfhssmod |n |amw mbbxw|s`|mno" m|w
uhgxbm`sm|mhw j`} ch jnsh sh`lmb} gnjushaholhl `ol xolhsw|nnl/
@| |ah bhf| mw wanto ` vmht nf |ah hol ns wmlh nf |ah |smdb}ua 9 tambh" ch*
wmlh m|" mw |ah hbhv`|mno nf |ah fsno|" tm|a ` whg|mno |asnxda |ah ga`oohbw
g`o`bw- no m|w f`gh/ Chbnt mw wanto ` ub`o bnnimod xu `| |ah dx||wh
a`odmod fsnj m|9 tambh `| |ah smda| mw ` uhswuhg|mvh nf |ah|smdb}ua"
tamga wanxbl ch whbf*hqub`o`|ns}/ M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| a`bf nf |ah
dx||wh `sh wanto gmsgxb`s mo ub`o 9`ol a`bf" wpx`sh ns shg|`odxb`s/ \ah
gmsgxb`s" gnomg`b wa`uh mw |a`| jnsh nf|ho xwhl9 cx| |ah wpx`sh" u}*
s`jml`b fnsj nggxsw mo j`o} hq`jubhw/ \ah |smdb}uamo Ub`|h MQ"
U`s| M" mw gnowmlhshl `w `bt`}w chmod ub`ghl nvhs |ah gnbxjow `ol
no |ah w`jh `qmw" `b|anxda |amw lhlxg|mno shw|w no uhsa`uw mowxffmgmho|
fnxol`|mno" `w th a`vh `bsh`l} whho/ Ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw mw `b*
bnthl noh `ol noh*a`bf jnlxbhw" ns" mo lmw|`ogh" `wu`gh hpx`b |n |ah
ahmda| nf |ah fsmh{h/ \amw mw ihu| fns |ah jh|nuh" tamga mo nbl hq*
`jubhw mw `bt`}w wpx`sh" ns `u*
u`sho|b} wpx`sh/ \ahwh wu`ghw
thsh wnjh|mjhw nso`jho|hl c}
g`svmodw nf lmffhsho| nckhg|w" wxga
`w ah`lw nf `omj`bw" |snuamhw nf
`sjw" h|g/ ` gxw|nj cnssnthl
fsnj |ah Dshhiw" `ol lhsmvhl" `w
th iont" fsnj |ah ub`gmod nf `g*
|x`b nckhg|w mo |ah nuho wu`gh
nvhs |ah bmo|hb ch`j/
\ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs
wanto mo |amw ub`|h mw nf vhs} dnnl dhohs`b usnuns|mnow" `ol wxga `w
tnxbl`g|x`bb}
ch xwhl no |ah
dsnxol w|ns}
nf `cxmblmod
ns mo |ah
bnths u`s| nf ` jnoxjho|`b lhwmdo/ \ah uhlhw|`b j`} ch wxu*
ushwwhl" `w |ah `ogmho|w molhhl whblnj xwhl m| hqghu| taho |ah}
g`ssmhl |ah Nslhs no `o xomo|hssxu|hl uhlhw|`b*c`wh fns |ah uxsunwh
nf s`mwmod m| `cnvh ` usnkhg|mod chb| gnxswh/ \ah wa`f| nf |amw
gnbxjo mw wnjh|mjhw ga`oohbhl tm|a |tho|} ga`oohbw" whu`s`|hlfsnj
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353 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
h`ga n|ahs c} ` wa`su `ssmw `f|hs |ah Dshhi f`wamno" `ol mw `w nf|ho
BKW
nnnnnn555555nnnnnn
8; 08 A Wf* 03" mRf*m/
Fmd/ 006/
bhf| ub`mo 9tambh m| mw ngg`wmno`bb} ga`oohbhl `w wanto no |ah smda|
wmlh nf |ah gnbxjo mo Ub`|h MQ" U`s| M" tamga |sh`|jho|" fns tnsi nf `
Fmd/ 004/
lmw|mog|b} jnlhso ga`s`g|hs" mw uhsa`uw jnsh `uusnusm`|h/ \amw
305
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 357
ub`|h `bwn wantw |ah xwh nf |ah Snj`o jx|xbh" tamga mw ls`to nx|
whu`s`|hb}mo
uhswuhg|mvh mo Fmd/ 008/ \ah shb`|mnow nf |ah jnxblmodw
|n h`ga n|ahs" `ol |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah wj`bbhs u`s|w ns jhjchsw nf
|ah lhwmdo" `sh fxbb} wanto mo |amw ub`|h `ol mo Ub`|h VMM" U`s| M/ \ah
b`||hs ub`|h `bwn wantw |ah ub`o nf |ah gnbxjo `ol `o hbhv`|mno nf |ah
___;V"+2//_;_Y/?+/vv2_
SNJ@OLNSK
C@\AWNULM
SNJHoxo
Fmd/ 001/
uhlhw|`b" `w thbb `w |tn mjunw| jnxblmodw tamga `sh xwhl |n shghmvh
|ah `sgahw shw|mod no |ah umhswch|thho |ah gnbxjow" taho hjubn}hl
`f|hs |ah Snj`o f`wamno wanto mo Fmd/ ==/
M| wanxbl ch on|hl |a`| |asnxdanx| |amw Nslhs |ah `c`gxw mw wpx`sh
moub`o"
`ol mw nso`jho|hl `snxol m|w xuuhs hldh tm|a ` g}j` shvhsw`
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35< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
`ol fmbbh|/ Fsnj |ah cn||nj nf |ah `c`gxw" |ah gnbxjo `ol jnxblmodw
`sh snxol ns gmsgxb`s mo ub`o lnto |asnxda |ah |nsxw nf |ah c`wh/
\amw |nsxw shw|w xuno ` ubmo|a wpx`sh mo ub`o `ol shg|`odxb`s mo whg|mno/
\ah wnffm| nf |ah gnsomgh" wanto mo |amw ub`|h" mw ls`to nx| mo Fmd/ 006/
Mo Ub`|h VMMM" U`s| M" mw wanto `on|ahs Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs" `f|hs
U`bb`lmn" mo tamga |ahsh `sh on jx|xbhw mo |ah gnsomgh `ol |ah lho|mbw
`sh `bwn njm||hl/ \amw ub`|h wanxbl ch gnju`shl tm|a |ah |tn ush*
ghlmod ub`|hw mo nslhs |n xolhsw|`ol |ah dsh`| unwwmcbh v`sm`|mno mo |ah
jnxblmodw" whg|mnow" h|g/ M| wanxbl ch jho|mnohl |a`| ` f`xb| mo |ah
Nslhs mo Ub`|h MQ" U`s| M" mw |ah wbmda| usnkhg|mno nf |ah |smdb}ua" j`i*
mod ohghww`s} wn fb`| ` |sh`|jho| nf |ah a`bf*ga`oohb nggxssmod no m|w
|tn hldhw |a`| mous`g|mgh m| tnxbl ch c`shb} uhsghu|mcbh/ \amw |sm*
db}ua tnxbl jxga ch||hs a`vh ` whg|mno nf `w jxga usnkhg|mno `w mw
wanto mo Fmd/ 00</
N|ahs Fnsjw nf Lnsmg/ \ah Lnsmg Nslhs fsnj |ah Vmbb` `|
@bc`om oh`s Snjh" mw wanto mo Fmd/ 004/ M| mw `o mo|hshw|mod cx| wnjh*
ta`| uhgxbm`s mow|`ogh nf |ah xwh
nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" hwuhgm`bb} mo
|ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah dx||wh no |ah
jx|xbh wnffm|" `w thbb `w mo |ah
|smdb}ua `ol `sgam|s`vh |sh`|jho|
chbnt/ \ah Snj`o Nslhs fsnj
|ah C`|aw nf Lmngbh|m`o `| Snjh"
wanto mo Fmd/ 001" mw nf s`|ahs `
b`|h l`|h `cnx| @/ L/ 3=5-" `w mw
fxs|ahs cnsoh nx| c} |ah ga`s`g*
|hs nf |ah jnxblmodw `ol |ahms
nvhs*nso`jho|`|mno `bb pxm|h
|}umg`bnf b`|hs Snj`o `sgam*
|hg|xsh"
Ohm|ahs |amw hq`jubh ons |ah
noh wanto mo Fmd/ 004 mw |n ch
`lvng`|hlfnm
hq`g| shusnlxg|mnomo dhohs`b tnsi" `b|anxda cn|a nf
|ahj gno|`mo j`o} v`bx`cbh wxd*
dhw|mnow f n s | a h |sh`|jho| nf
v`smnxw u`s|w nf |ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs/
\ah g`um|`bfsnj Unjuhmm" mbbxw|s`|hl mo Fmd/ 00=" mw `o
mo|hshw|mod
CLSMDGTM@c
$UNJUHMM+
Fmd/ 00=/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 358
v`sm`|mno no |ah Dshhi fnsj" |a`| mw|}umg`b
nf jxga nf |ah h`sb} Snj`o
tnsi/ \ah gnbxjo wa`f|w nf |amw uhsmnl thsh `bb |`bb `ol wbholhs mo
|ahms usnuns|mnow/
GB@WWMG SNJ@O MNOMG
Lhvhbnujho| `ol Xwh nf |ah Nslhs/ \ahsh `sh gnju`s`|mvhb}
fht shj`mow nf Snj`o cxmblmodw tahsh |ah Mnomg Nslhs t`wnsmdmo`bb}
xwhl/ @jnod |ah Snj`ow |amw Nslhsghs|`mob} ohvhs jh| tm|a |ah
f`vns `ggnslhl |n m| c} |ah Dshhiw/ @| |ah w`jh |mjh" |ah dsh`| oxj*
chs nf `o|mpxh Mnomg g`um*
|`bw xwhl mo |ah o`vhw nf
Snj`o C`wmbmg`w nf b`|hs
l`|h" molmg`|h |a`| `| noh
|mjh |amw Nslhs jxw| a`vh
chho hjubn}hl |n ` gnowml*
hs`cbh hq|ho| usnc`cb} mo
|ah h`sb} Fnsxjw |a`| thsh
`f|hst`slw lhw|sn}hl |n
j`ih snnj fns b`|hs cxmbl*
modw/ \ah Snj`o gnbxjow"
chmod dhohs`bb} jnonbm|aw
nf j`scbh ns n|ahs ch`x|mfxb
j`|hsm`b" mow|h`l nf chmod
wa`f|w gnjunwhl nf v`smnxw
wj`bb whg|mnow `f|hs |ah
Dshhi f`wamno" thsh wxffm*
gmho|b} v`bx`cbh |n ch w`vhl
`ol xwhl `d`mo mo |ah
ohths tnsi |a`| t`w |n
|`ih |ah ub`gh nf |a`| |nso
lnto/ \ah g`um|`bw j`}a`vh chho xwhl ` whgnol
|mjh tm|a |ah gnbxjow |nFmW* 03 *
tamga |ah} chbnodhl" ns|ah} j`} a`vh chho |s`owunwhl `ol xwhl
tm|a n|ahs gnbxjow/ @w ` gnowhpxhogh" mo j`o} Snj`o gaxsgahw"
fshpxho|b} ohm|ahs |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w ons |ahg`um|`bw hq`g|b} j`|ga mo
hm|ahs gnbns" j`|hsm`b" lhwmdo" ns tnsij`owamu" nf|ho chmod ncvmnxwb}
nf lmffhsho| l`|hw `ol |`iho fsnj lmffhsho| cxmblmodw/
WG@JN[[
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356 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Mo |ah Snj`o gnbnomhw `ol mo W}sm`"|ah Mnomg Nslhs whhjw |n
a`vh chho hjubn}hl bnodhs |a`o mo Snjh m|whbf" unwwmcb}chg`xwh nf |ah
lmffmgxb|} nf g`svmod |ah hb`cns`|h Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`b tamga a`l b`|hs
wn jxga vndxh/ Hq`jubhw nf |ah Mnomg g`um|`b g`ss}mod |ah g`o|hl
vnbx|h no |ah `odbh" `sh vhs} s`sh/ @| |ah b`sdh wm{h mo tamga |amw
Nslhs t`w hjubn}hl c} |ah Snj`ow" |ah `tit`slohww nf |amw `odxb`s
|sh`|jho| nf |ah Mnomg G`um|`b xolnxc|hlb} chg`jh jnsh `uu`sho|" `ol
fns |amw sh`wno |ah} j`} a`vh `vnmlhl m|w xwh tahohvhs m| t`w unwwmcbh/
Taho" lxsmod |ah Sho`mww`ogh" `o Mnomg g`um|`btm|a |ah `odxb`s vn*
bx|h |sh`|jho| no |ah fnxs gnsohsw g`jh mo|ndhohs`b xwh"
m| t`w g`bbhl
|ah #Wg`jn{{m# g`um|`b" `f|hs |ah `sgam|hg| tan fmsw| jnw| fshpxho|b}
ooooooo
MNO0NG@UM\@B*UNJUHX*
Fmd// 030/
hjubn}hl m|" fns |ah uxsunwh nf lmw|modxmwamod m| fsnj |ah jnsh xwx`b
Gb`wwmg fnsj/ \ah `g|x`b |sh`|jho| nf |amw g`um|`b `w xwhl c}
Wg`jn{{m amjwhbf mw wanto mo Fmd/ 035/
\ah h`sbmhs Snj`o Mnomg Nslhsw thsh hvmlho|b} j`lh c} Dshhi
tnsijho9 `ol |ah g`um|`b fsnj Unjuhmm wanto mo Fmd/ 030gbh`sb}
hvmlhoghw |amw f`g|/ Mo |amw hq`jubh |a`| nf `o `||`gahl gnbxjo `
s`|ahs mo|hshw|mod |sh`|jho| nf |ah vnbx|h no |ah `odbh mw wanto/ Whho
fsnj |ah fsno|" |ah vnbx|h mw g`o|hl `f|hs |ah w`jh f`wamno `w m| tnxbl
ch mo nslhs |n j`ih `bb fnxs ns mo |amw g`wh" |ashh hbhv`|mnow nf |ah
g`um|`b `dshh9 cx| no |ah hol |ah snbb mw w|mbb hjubn}hl" `b|anxda |sh`|hl
mo ` wnjhta`| fshh j`oohs/
\ah C`wh/ \ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 354
nffhs bm||bhlmwwmjmb`sm|} mo |sh`|jho|/ \amw mw vhs} gbh`sb}
wanto mo
Fmd/ 033" mo tamga @ mw fsnj |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" `ol C fsnj |ah
C`|aw nf Lmngbh|m`o" cn|a Gb`wwmg hq`jubhw" tambh G `ol L `sh |`ihofsnj |ah gnbxjow nf U`bb`lmn `ol Vmdonb`/ M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`|
|ah fnsj dmvho c} Vmdonb` mw s`|ahs `o hqghu|mno`b noh" |ah dhohs`b
|}uh chmod jnsh oh`sb} |a`| wanto c} U`bb`lmn/
\ah G`um|`b/ \ah g`um|`bnf |ah Snj`o Mnomg gnbxjo mw f`wamnohl
`f|hs |ah w`jh dhohs`b j`oohs `w |a`| lhwgsmchl mo lh|`mb mo |ah Dshhi
*ILJ@O_MNOMNC@WHW*Fmd/ 033/
Mnomg Nslhs" cx| |ah jnxblmodw `sh on| wnfmohb}
gx|/ \ah wa`f| t`w
ohvhs dmvho ` ohgimod" wxga `w |ah Dshhiw" `ol b`|hs" wnjh nf |ah Sh*
o`mww`ogh `sgam|hg|w" ngg`wmno`bb} hjubn}hl/ M| tmbb `bwn ch on|mghl |a`|
|ah vnbx|h nswums`b nf |ah Snj`o Nslhs mw jxga bhww shfmohl |a`o mo
|ah Dshhi hq`jubhw/ M| gno|`mow" jnshnvhs" fhthswums`bw
no |ah f`gh/
Tah|ahs |amw u`xgm|} nf wums`bw t`w ngg`wmnohl c} ` b`gi nf wimbb mo |ah
g`svhs" ns tah|ahs `w mo |ah g`wh nf |ah xwh nf |ahwums`b
mo |ah \ah`|hs
nf J`sghbbxw" no |ah whgnol w|ns}m| t`w chg`xwh |ahwh lh|`mbw thsh
wnjhta`| shjnvhl fsnj |ah h}h `ol |ahshfnsh |amwwmjubmfmg`|mno t`w
|n ch ushfhsshl mo |ah kxldjho| nf |ah cxmblhsw" th ln on| iont/
Fns|xo`|hb} |ah vnbx|h nf |ah Snj`ow mw jxga jnshh`wmb} sh*
lxghl |n ` sxbh |a`o |a`| nf |ah Dshhiw/ \ah Snj`o vnbx|h j`} a`vh
chho b`ml nx| tm|a
gnju`wwhw"
tambh |ah Dshhi vnbx|h t`wghs|`mob}
b`ml nx| mo on wxga wmjubh f`wamno/ M| a`w chho wxddhw|hl |a`|" mo |ah
Dshhi Lnsmgg`um|`b"
|ah vnbx|h h}h t`w fmbbhl tm|a ` snxol tnnlho
ubxd" `ol |a`| ` w|smod f`w|hohl |n |amw `ol tnxol xu `snxol m| tnxbl
usnlxgh |ah gnogho|smg gmsgbhw nf |ah vnbx|h f`ghw/
\ah Ho|`cb`|xsh/ \ah `sgam|s`vh `ol fsmh{h nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh
304
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305 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
MNOMG*NSLHS
\AHI\SH*$NF*
J@SGHBBVW*Fmd/ 038/
mod" |ah \hjubh nf W`|xso" t`w |ah
Mnomg Nslhs xwhl" `b|anxda ahsh m|
mw nf ` s`|ahs lhc`whl |}uh/
\ah g`um|`b fsnj |ah \hjubh#nf
Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw" `w wanto mo Fmd/
03<" wxffmgmho|b} lmwub`}w |ah ga`s*
`g|hs nf m|w gx||mod `ol |ah dhohs`b
#w|xcc}# hffhg| nf |ah ho|msh g`u/
\ah ho|`cb`|xsh xwhl no |amw |hj*
ubh mw s`|ahs gsxlh mo |}uh" `ol mw
|ahshfnsh on| mbbxw|s`|hl/ \ah Sn*
j`o Mnomg g`u wanto mo |ah xuuhs
u`s| nf |ah w`jh fmdxsh" mw ` jxga
jnsh mo|hshw|mod"mf b`|hs `ol jnsh
hb`cns`|h" hq`jubh" `ol m|w dhohs`b
bmohw `sh jnsh tns|a} nf chmod
gnumhl/ \ah hq`jubhw nf |ah Gnbnw*
whxj `ol |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw
`sh `bwn |n ch gnowmlhshl `w wuhgm`b
xwhw nf wxuhsmjunwhl `ol hod`dhl
Nslhsw no |ah whgnol w|nsmhw nf
|ahwh cxmblmodw/ Nf |ah |tn" |a`|
no |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw mw
jxga |ah ch||hs" `w m| a`w chho
jnsh g`shfxbb} w|xlmhl mo usnuns|mno
`ol lh|`mb `w thbb `w mo shb`|mno |n m|w
unwm|mno`ol |n |ah ho|msh cxmblmod"
|a`o |a`| no |ah Gnbnwwhxj/ \amw
Nslhs mw wanto mo Fmd/ 038/ \ah
Nslhs wanto mo Ub`|h BM" no |ah bhf|
nf |ah ub`|h"mw |ah umb`w|hs
xwhl mo
|ah C`|awnf
Lmngbh|m`o`|
Snjh"`ol mw mo|hshw|mod fns |ah usnuns*
|mnow nf m|w ho|`cb`|xsh" `b|anxda
|amw ho|`cb`|xsh mw |nn fmoh mo wg`bh
fns |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah gnbxjo
m|whbf" tahsh |ah gn`swh fbx|mod `ol
335
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|fPJ@O*
MNOMG+
NSLHSW
UB@\H BM/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BM/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 300
ah`v} gx||mod nf |ah g`u `ol c`wh tnxbl nslmo`smb} wxddhw| ` ah`vmhs
`ol jxga bhww fmohb}jnxblhl gsntomod jhjchs/ No |amw ub`|h" `| |ah
smda|"mw
`bwn wanto ` wmjubh w}w|hj nf usnuns|mnomod |ah Snj`o MnomgNslhs |a`| wanxbl usnvh v`bx`cbh mo shls`tmod ns shusnlxgmod ` gnb*
xjo nf |amw dhohs`b |}uh/ \ah Snj`o Mnomg Nslhs ls`to mo Ub`|h
QMMM" U`s| M" wantw no ` b`sdhs wg`bh |ah ho|`cb`|xsh `olg`um|`b
`g*
gnslmod |n Vmdonb`" `ol t`w wxuunwhlb} `l`u|hl c} amj fsnj |ah
whgnol*w|ns} Nslhs nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" uhsa`uw |ah jnw|
ch`x|mfxb hq`jubh nf `o|mpxm|}/ \amw ub`|h wanxbl ch gnju`shl tm|a
Fmd/ 038" mo tamga |ah `g|x`b Nslhs fsnj |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw mw
wanto/
\ah Snj`o Mnomg Nslhs wanto c} U`bb`lmn mw dmvho mo Ub`|h QMV"
U`s| M" `ol wanxbl ch gnju`shl tm|a |a`| dmvho mo Ub`|h QMMM" U`s| M/
M|w wuhgm`b v`bxh bmhw mo |ah f`g| |a`| m| wantw ` gnsomgh tm|a jnlmbbmnow"
tamga mo jnlhso us`g|mgh m| mw fshpxho|b} lhwms`cbh |n xwh tm|a `o Mnomg
gnbxjo9 `ol ` ushghlho| fns |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh taho
xwhl mo |amw t`}" m| mw wnjh|mjhw lmffmgxb| |n fmol/
GB@WWMG SNJ@O GNSMO\AM@O\s`owm|mno fsnj Dshhi |n Snj`o Nslhs" `ol Lmffhshogh ch|thho
|ah \tn/ @ jhsh db`ogh `| |ah `sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Snj`ow wantw
|a`| |ah} lhuholhl xuno smgaohww nf nso`jho|`|mno `ol |shjholnxw
wm{h |n j`ih `o hffhg| xuno |ah chanblhs/ *
\ah} fnxol |a`| |ah Gn*
smo|am`o Nslhs usnvhl |n ch jxga jnsh v`bx`cbh fns |amw uxsunwh |a`o
|ah wmjubhs Dshhi `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw9 `ol" tm|a |ah unwwmcbh hqghu|mno
nf |ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs" m| t`w |amww|}bh
|a`| |ah Snj`ow hvmlho|b}
jnw| lhbmda|hl |n xwh/
Hqmw|mod hq`jubhw nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs f`s hqghhl mo oxjchs
`o} nf |ah shj`mow nf n|ahs |}uhw9 `ol m| jxw| ch `giontbhldhl |a`|"
|`iho `| m|w chw|" |ahsh `sh Snj`o hq`jubhw nf |amw fnsj nf gnbxjo `ol
g`um|`b |a`| hqghb |ah $h`sbmhs Dshhi hquhsmjho|w/ \amw wxddhw|hl
gnju`smwno jxw| ch px`bmfmhl c} |ah fxs|ahs w|`|hjho|" anthvhs" |a`|
|ahsh mw on mow|`ogh nf ta`| j`} ch gnowmlhshl `o hq`g|b} u`s`bbhb
|sh`|jho| nf |ah Gnsmo|am`ow|}bh c}
|ah |tn o`|mnow" mo`wjxga `w |ah
Dshhi hq`jubhw nf |ah \nths nf |ah Tmolw `ol |ah Jnoxjho| nf
B}wmgs`|hw `sh pxm|h s`lmg`bb} lmffhsho| fsnj |ah wxgghhlmod Snj`o
Gnsmo|am`o/ M| jxw| `bwn ch w`ml |a`| |ahsh mw on Snj`o hq`jubh
tamga hpx`bw molhbmg`g}" shfmohjho|" ns w|shod|a" |a`| xwhl mo |ah
\anbnw `| Huml`xsnw" ` uxsh Dshhi |}uh/
337
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303 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
@w `bsh`l} mo|mj`|hl" |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs j`} ch gnowmlhshl
`w |}umg`bb}Snj`o mo
wumsm|`ol lhvhbnujho|" mo |ah w`jh t`} |a`|
|ah Dshhi Lnsmg j`} ch gnowmlhshl |}umg`bb} Dshhi/ \ah fmo`b lhvhb*
nujho| nf |ah Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`blmffhsw j`|hsm`bb} fsnj |ah
|ashh thbb*ionto Dshhi hq`jubhw9 molhhl" |ah nob} fh`|xshw |ah} unw*
whww mo gnjjno `sh |ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah bh`vhw xwhl mo gnvhsmod |ah chbb
nx|bmoh nf |ah g`um|`b" `ol |ah dhohs`b `ss`odhjho| nf |ahg`um|`b m|whbf/
\ah fnbm`dh v`smhw dsh`|b} mo |ah lmffhsho| hq`jubhw/ Mo jxga nf |ah
Snj`o tnsi m| mw ohm|ahs `w lhgns`|mvh" `w gnovho|mno`b" ons `w shfmohl
`w mo Dshhi hq`jubhw" `ol dhohs`bb} gnsshwunolw jnsh oh`sb} tm|a |ah
o`|xs`b fnsjw/
\ahg`um|`b
mw |ah jnw| lmw|modxmwamod fh`|xsh nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o
Nslhs" `ol m| mw `bt`}w fmsw| gnowmlhshl mo `o} lhwgsmu|mno nf |amww|}bh
nf `sgam|hg|xsh/ Mo dhohs`b m| j`} ch w`ml |a`| |ah Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o
g`um|`bmw c`whl xuno |ah fnsj xwhl mo |ah \hjubh nf
Kxum|hs Nb}juxw
`| @|ahow/ Whh Ub`|h BMM/-
\ah dsh`| gnofxwmno o`|xs`bb} `||holmod |ah hshg|mno nf cxmblmodw
c}|ah
Snj`o Hjuhsnsw" |anxda hqhgx|hl tanbb} c} Dshhi `s|mw|w"
`sgam|hg|w" `ol tnsijho" j`ihw m| wnjhta`| lmffmgxb| |n hw|`cbmwa `
lmvmlmod bmoh ch|thho Dshhi `ol Snj`o tnsi mo ghs|`mo thbb*ionto
`sgam|hg|xs`b jnoxjho|w/ \ahg`um|`b
fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs
Nb}juxw mw `o mow|`ogh mo hvmlhogh/ \amw cxmblmod mw v`smnxwb} |hsjhl
Dshhi ns Snj`o c} lmffhsho| `x|ansm|mhw" `ggnslmod |n |ahms nto uhs*
wno`b bh`omodw/ M| a`wfmo`bb} whhjhl chw| |n mogbxlh |ah Gnsmo|am`o
Nslhs fsnj |amw |hjubh wnjh|mjhw g`bbhl |ah \hjubh ns @pxhlxg|
nf A`lsm`o- `w Snj`o tnsi" `b|anxda m| t`w xolnxc|hlb} g`ssmhl nx|
`ol hqhgx|hl c} Dshhiw" `ol |a`|" |nn" `| ` uhsmnl taho |ahms o`|mvh
|`w|h g`oon| ch wxuunwhl |n a`vh chho jxga `ffhg|hl c} Snj`o mo*
fbxhogh/ Ohvhs|ahbhww" |amw molmvmlx`b hq`jubh mw wn oh`sb} `bbmhl |n
|ah b`|hs Snj`o |sh`|jho| |a`| m| j`} ch gnowmlhshl `bnod tm|a |ahms
fnsj nf |ah Gnsmo|am`og`um|`b
s`|ahs |a`o tm|a |ah n|ahs `ol vhs}
lmffhsho| hq`jubhw tamga th a`vh `bsh`l} fnxol mo Dshhgh m|whbf/
M| jxw| on| chfnsdn||ho"
anthvhs" |a`| |amw Nslhs mw nf Dshhi
tnsij`owamu9 `ol wn" amw|nsmg`bb}"m| nggxumhw ` unwm|mno jmlt`} ch*
|thho |ah h`sbmhs Dshhi hquhsmjho|w `ol |ah Nslhs |a`| |ah Snj`ow
b`|hs g`ssmhl |n wn dsh`| ` lhdshh nfuhsfhg|mno/ On|
nob} lnhw |amw
`uub} |n |ahg`um|`b mo tamga |ah `tit`sl g`ss}mod nx| nf |ah xuuhs
ubmo|a ns `c`gxw |n ` wa`su unmo| no |ah gnsohs wanxbl ch on|hl cx|
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UB@\H B0M/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wmx_X wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BMB-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 307
`bwn |n |ah ho|`cb`|xsh m|whbf" tamga b`|hs m| j`} ch mo|hshw|mod |n gnj*
u`sh tm|a |a`| xwhl no |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw" `bnod tm|a wnjh
nf |ah b`|hs Snj`o ho|`cb`|xshw/
\ahsh `sh nob} |tn |}uhw nf c`whw xwhl tm|a |ah Gnsmo|am`o gnb*
xjo c} |ah Snj`ow/ Cn|a nf |ahwh |}uhw `sh wanto mo Fmd/ 036/ @|
@ mw wanto |ah c`wh jnxblmod fsnj |ah \hjubh nf A`lsm`o `| @|ahow9
`ol `| G" |ah fnsj dmvho c} U`bb`lmn/ \amw b`||hs hq`jubh j`} ch
|`iho `w |ah jnw| oh`sb} |}umg`bfnsj nf Gnsmo|am`o xw`dh9 |anwh no |ah
C`wmbmg` nf @o|nomoxw `ol F`xw|mo` `ol |ah @sga nf Gnow|`o|moh" fns
hq`jubh"`sh
hvho wmjubhs" chmod|ah
w`jh`w |ah U`bb`lm`o Mnomg c`whw
wanto `| G mo Fmd/ 033/ Jnsh hb`cns`|h fnsjw" cx| fnsjw |a`| `sh
s`shb} xwhl |n*l`}" usnc`cb} chg`xwh |ah jnlhso Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs
Fmd/ 036/
whblnj hpx`bw mo wm{h |ah Snj`o |}uh |n tamga |ah j`o} jhjchsw nf
|ahwh c`whw `sh hwuhgm`bb} wxm|hl" `sh wanto `| C `ol L mo Fmd/ 036" |ah
fmsw| chmod fsnj |ah \hjubh nf W`|xso" `ol |ah whgnol fsnj |ah Nslhs
nf Vmdonb`/
Tambh m| a`w `bsh`l} chho w`ml |a`| |ah gasnonbndmg`b whpxhogh nf
Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh mw on| j`|hsm`bb} mjuns|`o| mo fnbbntmod m|w usnghww
nf lhvhbnujho|" w|mbb m| mw mow|sxg|mvh |n |s`gh `w oh`sb} `w unwwmcbh |ah
l`|h*shb`|mno nf |ah lmffhsho| hq`jubhw" `w |amw tmbb ahbu jnsh ns bhww |n
want |ah lhvhbnujho| `ol lhgbmoh nf |ahw|}bh
mo |ah lmffhsho| Snj`o
uhsmnlw/ Wnjh nf |ah b`|hs Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh mw `w uxsh `w |ah
h`sbmhs tnsi9 `ol wnjh nf |ah h`sbmhs tnsi mw `w lhc`whl `w jnw| nf |a`|
lnoh lxsmod |ah |amsl gho|xs}/ @w ` sxbh |ah Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh nf
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30< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
`cnx| |ah uhsmnl nf @xdxw|xw mw |ah jnw| shfmohl" cx| lxsmod |ah shmdow
nf cn|a \s`k`o `ol A`lsm`o" |ahsh t`w hvmlhoghl ` Sho`mww`ogh ns
|holhog} |n sh|xso |n |ah ch`x|} `ol uxsm|} nf |ah h`sbmhs uhsmnl/
\hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw" @|ahow/ M| mw thbb" |aho" |n shjhjchs
|a`| |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @|ahow" chdxo `cnx| 045 C/ G/"
|ah Nslhs fsnj tamga mw wanto mo Ub`|h BM\" t`w fmomwahl `cnx| 004
@/ L/" c} A`lsm`o/ \ah lhwmdo nf |ahg`um|`b t`w usnc`cb} lh|hs*
jmohl `| ` l`|h oh`s |ah chdmoomod nf |ah tnsi" unwwmcb} c} Gnw*
Fmd/ 074/ H`sb} Gnsmo|am`o G`um|`b/
wx|mxw" `b|anxda m| mwbmihb}
|a`| |ah tnsij`owamu nf j`o} nf |ahwh
g`um|`bw chbnodw |n ` jxga b`|hs l`|h/ \ah gnbxjow nf |amw |hjubh
thsh 81 fhh| mo ahmda|/
@o h`sb} Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`b Fmd/ 034-" |`iho fsnj |ah gaxsga
nf W/ Omggnbn mo G`sghsh" wantw ` g`um|`b" hvmlho|b} nf Dshhi tnsi*
j`owamu" tamga ch`sw ` gbnwh shb`|mno |n |anwh hjubn}hl mo |ah \hjubhnf
Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @|ahow/
\hjubh nf G`w|ns `ol Unbbxq" Gns`/ \ahg`um|`b fsnj |ah \hjubh
nf G`w|ns `ol Unbbxq Fmd/ 031- mw noh nf |ah shj`mow fnxol `| Gns`"
`ol mw `w xolnxc|hl} nf Dshhi tnsij`owamu `w m| mw `o h`sb} Snj`o
hq`jubh nf |ah Nslhs/ \amw mw `on|ahs nf |ah ls`tmodw c} Hj`oxh-
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Umd 031/ Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o G`um|`b `ol C`wh/ Shw|ns`|mno/-
Fsnj ls`tmod c} Hmo`oxhb Csxoh/
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306 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Csxoh/ \ah c`wh mw `o mo|hshw|mod hq`jubh nf `o h`sb} Snj`o Gn*
smo|am`o nx|bmoh9 `ol |ah g`um|`b mw wnjhta`| wans|hs mo usnuns|mno |a`o
|ah b`|hs Snj`o |}uh/ \ah bh`f`dh `ol nso`jho|`|mno `sh vhs} oh`s|ah Dshhi mo fhhbmod" `ol m| wanxbl ch on|hl ant
gbnwhb} |ah bh`vhw mo
|ahms usnfmbh fnbbnt |ah dsnt|a `ol hjua`wm{h |ah nx|bmohw nf |ah gnb*
xjo m|whbf/ \ah g`um|`b `bsh`l} shfhsshl |n `ol wanto mo Fmd/ 05= mw
usnc`cb} nf `cnx| |ah w`jh l`|h9 `ol cn|a |ahwh hq`jubhw" `bnod tm|a
|ah |tn ns |ashh n|ahs h`sbmhw| Snj`o xwhw nf |ah Nslhs" want ` jh|anl
nf |sh`|jho| `ol ` w|shod|a nf nx|bmoh |a`| mw |nn nf|ho b`gimod mo n|ahs
Snj`o tnsi/
\hjubh nf J`sw Xb|ns" Snjh/ @jnod |ah h`sbmhw| Snj`o cxmbl*
modw xuno tamga |amw Nslhs t`w hjubn}hl" mw |ah \hjubh nf J`sw
Xb|ns ns J`sw Vhodhxs" l`|mod fsnj `cnx| <3 C/ G/" nf tamga |ashh
gnbxjow shj`mo w|`olmod mo |ah Fnsxj/ \amw cxmblmod" c`gimod xu
`d`mow| |ah Pxmsmo`b Ambb" fnsjhl ` u`s| nf |ah Fnsxj nf @xdxw|xw"
`ol `bsh`l} lmwub`}w`
ch`x|mfxbb} lhvhbnuhl Snj`o |}uh Fmd/ 03=-/
\amw Nslhs mw wanto mo `o/ hods`vmod fsnj `on|ahs nf |ah f`jnxw
Csxoh ls`tmodw" |ah nsmdmo`b chmod |ah usnuhs|} nf |ah J`ww`gaxwh||wMow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/ \ah nsmdmo`b t`w ls`to `| ` wg`bh nf |tn
gho|mjh|hsw uhs jh|hs `cnx| hpxmv`bho| |n |ah noh*px`s|hs moga
wg`bh nf nxs w}w|hj nffmdxsmod/ \ah |shjholnxw wm{h nf |ah cxmblmod"
`ol |ah wg`bh nf |ah lmffhsho| u`s|w" j`} ch hw|mj`|hl fsnj |ah w|huw
`ol |ah ahmda| nf |ah fmdxshw wanto mo |ah bnths uns|mno nf* |ah
ls`tmod/ #@wmlh fsnj |ah ch`x|} nf |ah sholhsmod" |ah w|xlho| wanxbl
on|mgh u`s|mgxb`sb} |a`| |ah gnbxjow `sh `bb sholhshl vhs} bmda|b}"
|ah dhohs`b hffhg| chmod `bjnw| tam|h mo fsno| nf |ah c`gidsnxol"
tamga" `b|anxda on| ho|mshb} mo wa`lnt" mw sholhshl l`sihs |n want
|a`| m| mw no ` ub`oh f`s|ahs c`gi |a`o |ah gnbxjow/ \amw ls`tmod
lmwub`}w tm|a xoxwx`b ch`x|} nf sholhsmod |ah wa`f|w `ol fxbb usn*
uns|mnownf |ah Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs" `ol" mogmlho|`bb}" ` vhs}
shw|s`mohl hq`jubh nf ` Snj`o lnnst`} `uusnusm`|h fns xwh tm|a
|ah Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjo/
\ah \hjubhnf
Gnognsl"shcxmb|
c} @xdxw|xw `uusnqmj`|hb}4
C/ G/" a`w `o hq|shjhb} ch`x|mfxb g`um|`b `ol ho|`cb`|xsh/ \ah g`um*
|`b gno|`mow |tn s`j$w ah`lw xwhl mo |ah ub`gh nf |ah jnsh gnovho|mno`b
gnsohs vnbx|hw9 cx| |amw hggho|smgm|}" tm|a |ah gnowhpxho| bnww nf wa`su*
ohww nf nx|bmoh nf |ah g`um|`b m|whbf" mw on| wxffmgmho| |n wunmb|ah hffhg| nf
|ah Nslhs `w ` tanbh/
375
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Fmd* 03=/ Lh|`mb fsnj \hjubh nf J`sw Vhodhxs" Snjh/ Shw|ns`|mno/-
Fsnj ls`tmod c} Hj`oxhb Csxoh/
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301 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
U`o|ahno" Snjh/ \ah uns|mgn nf |ah U`o|ahno mw nf h`sbmhs l`|h
|a`o |ah shj`molhs nf |ah cxmblmod/ \amw cxmblmod t`w hshg|hl no
|ah wm|h nf `o h`sbmhs |hjubh cxmb| c} @dsmuu` wnjh |mjh lxsmod |ah
shmdo nf @xdxw|xw C/ G/ 34 @/ L 0<- 9`ol |ah ushwho| ho|s`ogh uns*
|mgn gno|`mow hmda| gnbxjow nf |ah nsmdmo`b |ho*gnbxjo uhlmjho|hl
hol nf |ah nblhs cxmblmod/ \amw `ggnxo|w fns |ah f`g| |a`| |ah wmlhw nf
|ah cs`gih|w" ns jnlmbbmnow" mo |ah gnsomgh nf |ah uhlmjho| `sh on| hq*
`g|b} uhsuholmgxb`s" cx|wbmda|b}
mogbmohl/ \amw lmffhshogh tnxbl
o`|xs`bb}nggxs mo `l`u|mod |ah |tn mogbmohl gnsomghw nf |ah h`sbmhs
uhlmjho| |n |ah lmffhsho| wbnuh shpxmshl c} |ah o`ssnths c`wh nf |ah
oht uhlmjho| f`gh/ \ah lho|mb gnxswh mo |ah gnsomgh a`w ohvhs chho
g`svhl whh Ub`|h BMMM-/ \ah gnbxjow fsnj cn|a |ah mo|hsmns `ol
|ah hq|hsmns nf |ah U`o|ahno `sh wxuhsc fnsjw nf |ah chw| |}uh nf Sn*
j`o Gnsmo|am`o/ \ah snxol u`s| nf |ah cxmblmod l`|hw fsnj `cnx|
035 @/ L/ \ah Nslhsw xwhl no |ah U`o|ahno `sh nf `wuhgm`b mo|hshw|
fsnj |ah f`g| |a`| |amw cxmblmod wantw wmlh c} wmlh |ah lmffhsho| tnsi*
modw nx| nf |ah w`jh Nslhs taho xwhl no |ah hq|hsmns `ol mo|hsmns 50 `
jnoxjho|`b cxmblmod/ \ahshfnsh |ah lmffhshoghw lmwub`}hl mo |ahv`smnxw usnuns|mnow `ol shb`|mnow nf |ah jnxblmodw `ol |ah ub`gmod nf
|ah nso`jho| mo |ahwh |tn Nslhsw" `sh jnw| wxddhw|mvh" `ol" xo|mb |ah
sh`wnow gnvhsmod |ahms `ss`odhjho| `sh `uushaholhl" tmbb lhwhsvh
g`shfxb w|xl}/
\hjubhw nf Vhw|`/ \ahsh `sh |tn \hjubhw nf Vhw|`" usnc`cb}
cn|a hshg|hl lxsmod |ah shmdo nf @xdxw|xw/ \ah noh mo Snjh" nf
tamga |ashh wbholhs gnbxjow `sh w|mbb w|`olmod mo |ah Fnsxj" t`w noh
nf |ah jnw| ch`x|mfxb hq`jubhw nf Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh" `ol t`w usnc*
`cb} nf Dshhi tnsij`owamu/ \ah n|ahs" ` gmsgxb`s |hjubh nvhs*
a`odmod |ah dnsdh nf |ah smvhs `| \mvnbm" a`w `g`um|`b vhs} wmjmb`s mo
dhohs`b ga`s`g|hs `ol nx|bmoh |n |ah |tn hq`jubhw mbbxw|s`|hl fsnj
Gns`/ \ah |hjubh m|whbf a`w ` ghbb`" tamga }h| sh|`mow noh nf m|w |tn
tmolntw `ol ` lnnst`}" |ah b`||hs mbbxw|s`|hl whu`s`|hb} no `ub`|h
|a`| mw shfhsshl |n b`|hs/ \amw ghbb` mw 30 fhh| mo lm`jh|hs" unwwmcb}
nf `o h`sbmhs l`|h |a`o |ah 01 gnbxjow nf |ah
uhsmw|}bh
tamga wxssnxol
m|/ \ahwh gnbxjow `sh 01 fhh| 8 mogahw amda" `ol `sh ub`ghl no `
unlmxj 6 fhh| amda/ \ah gnbxjow" m| tmbb ch whho" `sh s`|ahs w|xju}
mo hffhg|" chmod nob} `cnx| =K lm`jh|hsw amda" tm|a |ah g`um|`b0 lm`jh*
|hs usnuns|mnow nf xoxwx`b w|shod|a" `olhvmlho|b}
mo u`s| `l`u|hl
|n |ah bng`|mno nf |ah |hjubh no |ah|nu nf ` gbmff nvhsa`odmod |ah smvhs
373
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SNJ@O_NNSMO\AM@O$NSLHS_
_U@O\AHNO
HQ\HSMNS> MO\HSMNS>
UB@\H BMMM/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BMMM/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 30=
chbnt/ \ah g`svmod nf |ahwh
g`um|`bw mwhwuhgm`bb} vmdnsnxw `ol
jnw| hffhg|mvhb} wxm|hl |n |ah usn*
uns|mnow nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|/
Whh Fmd/ 075-/
\ahsh mw jxga iontbhldh nf
Dshhi ushghlho| lmwub`}hl mo |amw
shj`si`cbh hq`jubh9 cx| |ah
|sh`|jho| mw }h| onvhb" nsmdmo`b"
`ol" `bb mo `bb" noh nf |ah jnw|
mo|hshw|mod g`um|`bw nf |ah Snj`o
Gnsmo|am`o fnsj/ \ahsh mw `
vmdns mo |ah ub`gmod" gx||mod" `ol
lmw|smcx|mno nf |ah jhjchsw |a`|
lmwub`}w dsh`| w|shod|a" vmsmbm|}"
`ol fhhbmod no |ah u`s| nf m|w
lhwmdohs/
Gnju`smwnonf \ashh
Hq`j:umhw/ \ah ahmda| `ol usnuns|mnow
nf |ah gnbxjow nf |ashh nf |ah
chw|*ionto hq`jubhw nf |ah Gn*
smo|am`o Nslhs j`} ch mo|hshw|*
modb} gnju`shl/ \ah gnbxjo
xwhl mo |ah Uns|mgn nf |ah U`o*
|ahno mw <8 fhh| 7 mogahw amda 9mo
|ah \hjubh nf G`w|ns" <1 fhh| 7
mogahw9 `ol mo |ah \hjubh nf
J`sw Xb|ns" 84 fhh| = mogahw/
\ah usnuns|mnow nf |ahms lm`jh*
|hsw |n |ahms ahmda|w `shshwuhg|*
mvhb}0 |n =K" 0 |n 05m `ol 0 |n
05" mogbxlmod |ah wpx`sh ubmo|a9
|ah mo|hs*gnbxjom`|mnow`sh 3r"
A" A" shwuhg|mvhb}/ \ah w|xs*
lmhs ns ah`vmhs |ah gnbxjo" |ah
dsh`|hs |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/
\hjubh nf Jmohsv`" @wwmwm/
\ahsh mw `o hq`jubh nf |ah @xdxw*
*SNJ@O*
GNSMO\AM@O*
\MVNBM
Fmh/ 075/
378
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BMV/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BMV/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 330
|`o hs` |a`| mw gnju`s`|mvhb} bm||bh ionto |a`| nf |ah \hjubh nf
Jmohsv` `| @wwmwm/ \ahg`um|`bw shwhjcbh |anwh nf |ah \hjubh nf
G`w|ns `ol Unbbxq `| Gns`/ \ah w|huw nf |amw hq`jubh `sh g`ssmhl
c`gi ch|thho |ah gnbxjow" tamga |ahshfnsh a`vh |ah `uuh`s`ogh nf
chmod ub`ghl no uhlhw|`bw/ \amw mw |ah nob} M|`bm`o hq`jubh nf |amw
gxw|nj" `b|anxda m| mwngg`wmno`bb} fnxol xwhl mo W}sm`o cxmblmodw"
tahsh uhlhw|`bw `sh fshpxho|b} xwhl tm|a |ah Gnsmo|am`o `w thbb `w
tm|a |ah n|ahs Snj`o Nslhsw/
\hjubh nf @o|nomoxw `ol F`xw|mo`" / Snjh/ \ah \hjubh nf
@o|nomoxw `ol F`xw|mo` mw `o hqghu|mno`bb} uxsh hq`jubh" `b|anxda
nf b`|h l`|h/ Unwwmcb} ` Dshhi `s|mw| j`} a`vh chho hjubn}hl no |amw
tnsi" mo tamga g`wh m|w ch`x|} `ol shfmohjho| j`} ch hqub`mohl c}
|a`| f`g|/ \amw |hjubh mw wanto mo Ub`|h BMV" `ol mw nf wuhgm`b mo|hshw|
ntmod |n |ah xoxwx`b kxldjho| lmwub`}hl mo |ah nso`jho|`|mno nf |ah
ho|`cb`|xsh/ \ah g`svhl jhjchsw `sh ahsh `b|hso`|hl `ol gno*
|s`w|hl tm|a |ah ub`mo jnxblmodw" tm|a ` shwhsvh `ol lmwgsh|mno |a`| mw
whblnj `||`mohl mo Snj`o tnsij`owamu/ \ah g`um|`b wxddhw|w `
w|xl} nf |ah ch||hs `ol h`sbmhs Dshhi `ol Snj`o fnsjw/
\hjubh nf Omjhw" Fs`ogh/ \ah J`mwno G`sshh ns \hjubh nf
Omjhw mo Fs`ogh Fmd/ 070-" |n tamga |ah `uusnqmj`|h l`|h nf 033
@/ L/ a`w chho dmvho" j`} ghs|`mob} ch mogbxlhl tm|amo |ah l`|hw j`si*
mod |ah chdmoomod `ol |ah hol nf A`lsm`o$w shmdo 004*071 @/ L/-/
\amw |hjubh mw shg|`odxb`s mo wa`uh" `ol mw s`mwhl no ` unlmxj `ol
`uusn`gahl c} ` fbmda|nf
w|huw/ \ah gnbxjow nf |amw |hjubh `sh 75
fhh| amda" tm|a ` lm`jh|hs nf 6 fhh| = mogahw" `ol |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno
mw |tn lm`jh|hsw/ \amw cxmblmod mw |n*l`} mo `o hqghu|mno`bb} dnnl
w|`|h nf ushwhsv`|mno/
\hjubh nf |ah Wxo" Snjh/ No |ah w`jh ub`|h tm|a |ah Nslhs
fsnj |ah \hjubh nf @o|nomoxw `ol F`xw|mo` Ub`|h BMV-" mw wanto |ah
Nslhs fsnj |ah \hjubh nf |ah Wxo no |ah Pxmsmo`b Ambb/ \amw cxmbl*
mod" n|ahstmwh g`bbhl |ah Fsno|mwumhgh ns Uns|mgn nf Ohsn" t`w cxmb| c}
@xshbm`o no amw sh|xso fsnj U`bj}s` mo 347 @/ L/" `ol |ah tnsi mw
hqghu|mno`bb}
shfmohl mo ga`s`g|hs fns wn b`|h ` l`|h/ \ahg`svmod
`ol
nso`jho|`|mno `sh ahsh `ss`odhl tm|a ` lmwgsh|mno tns|a} nf tnsi nf
` ch||hs uhsmnl/ \ah fnsj nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh m|whbf mw xoxwx`b" tm|a
|ah cs`gih|w |a`| thsh `f|hst`slw shbhd`|hl |n ch xwhl tm|a |ah Gnj*
unwm|h Nslhs9 `ol |ah jnlmbbmno gnxswh fnsjw |ah usmogmu`b jhjchs nf
|ah chl*jnxbl9 cx| |ah usnuns|mnow |n noh `on|ahs nf |ah whu`s`|h
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333 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
u`s|wnf |amw gnsomgh `sh shj`si`cb} wxgghwwfxb" `ol |ah fnbm`|hl wgsnbb
g`svmod nf |ah fsmh{h mw lnoh tm|a wxga w|shod|a `ol vmdns nf gnjun*
wm|mno |a`| m|w xwh mw ahsh `jub} kxw|mfmhl/ @ f`xb| tamga mw jnsh `u*
u`sho| mo |ah ub`|h |a`o mo |ah `g|x`b cxmblmod" mw |a`| |ah ho|msh ho|`c*
b`|xsh mw wnjhta`| ah`v} `ol nvhs*b`sdh mo wg`bh fns |ah lm`jh|hs `ol
|amgiohww nf |ah gnbxjo `olg`um|`b
tamga wxuuns| m|/ \ah gnbxjo
mw 81 fhh| amda" `ol |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw oh`sb} 06 fhh| amda/
Gnju`smwno nf H`sb} `ol B`|h Hq`jubhw/ M| wanxbl ch on|mghl
|a`| h`ga nf |ahwh Nslhsw mogsh`whw mo hb`cns`|hohww nf g`svmod `ol nf
lhwmdo nvhs m|w ushlhghwwnsw/ Mo ghs|`mo nf |ahj" |amw a`w shwxb|hl mo `
jhsh gnjubhqm|} nf jnxblmod `ol g`svhl lh|`mb" nf|ho tm|anx| wxffm*
gmho| jh`omod ns `uu`sho| sh`wno" `ol tm|anx| lxh shb`|mno |n m|w ub`gh
ns |n |ah jnxblmod tamga m| mw mo|holhl |n nso`jho|/ \ahg`um|`bw
|ahjwhbvhw lmwub`} |amw w`jh sh|sndshwwmno9 `ol mo ub`gh nf |ah gsmwu
bh`f`dh `ol gx||mod" |ah fmsj xusmda| bmohw" |ah lhgmwmno nf gnjunwm|mno"
`ol |ah cnblohww nf j`wwmod nf |ah Dshhi `ol h`sb} Snj`o hq`jubhw"
|ah} sxo |n jhsh usnfxwmno nf nso`jho|/ \ah nx|bmoh `uuh`sw fb`cc}"
`ol |ah g`um|`b nf mowxffmgmho| w|shod|a |n shwmw| |ah wxuhsmjunwhl
thmda|/ \ah chbb nf |ah g`um|`b mw wnho|mshb} gnvhshl tm|a fnbm`dh |a`|
m| mw jhshb} shw|bhww `ol jnon|nonxwb} xomo|hshw|mod mo j`ww/
\amw lmffhshogh mw thbb gno|s`w|hl mo Ub`|h BMM" tahsh `o h`sb}
hq`jubh |ah noh xwhl no |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @|ahow-
`ol noh nf |ah b`|h Nslhsw |a`| nf |ah \hjubh nf W`|xso `| Snjh-
`sh cn|a wanto |ndh|ahs/ \ah fmsw| mw u`s|b} Dshhi" `ol |ahshfnsh
shw|s`mohl mo m|w lhwmdo9 |ah b`w|" tanbb} Snj`o `ol |ahshfnsh nvhs*
fbnsml mo m|w nso`jho|`|mno/
Vmdo nb`$w Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs/ \ah Nslhs wanto mo Fmd/ 073 mw |ah
vhswmno nf Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o dmvho c} Vmdonb`" `ol" tambh fnxolhl no
nbl hq`jubhw" m| `g|x`bb} l`|hw fsnj |ah uhsmnl nf |ah Sho`mww`ogh/
\n |amw w`jh |mjh `bwn chbnodw |ah hq`jubh wanto mo Ub`|h BV" lmw*
ub`}mod |ah jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mno/
Vmdonb`$w hq`jubh nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs mw wxuunwhl |n ch
lhsmvhl fsnj |ah v`smnxw jnoxjho|w mo
Snjh"`ol
u`s|mgxb`sb}fsnj
|ah gmsgxb`s \hjubh nf |ah U`o|ahno" `ol fsnj |ashh gnbxjow tamga
`sh w|mbb w|`olmod |n*l`} mo |ah Snj`o Fnsxj/ @f|hs a`vmod gnju`shl
`bb |ahms lh|`mbw `ol usnuns|mnow" ah hw|`cbmwahl ` sxbh tamga" tm|anx|
j`|hsm`bb} lmffhsmod fsnj |ah `ogmho| fnsjw" dmvhw wxga ` shb`|mno |a`|
` jnlmbbmno `bt`}w nggxsw no |ah `qmw nf |ah gnbxjo9`ol |ah hddw*`ol*
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Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o Gnbxjow fsnj \hjubh nf G`w|ns `ol Unbbxq/
Mo |ah Fnsxj" Snjh/
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Fmd/ 073/
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33< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
l`s|w" lho|mbw" `ol n|ahs jnxblmod nso`jho|`|mnow `bwn gnsshwunol mo
`qmw tm|a |ah gnbxjow" `w j`} ch fnxol c} ls`tmod nx| |amw Nslhs
tm|a |ah jh`wxshjho|w dmvho/ \ah c`wh nf |amw gnbxjo mw wmjmb`s |n
|a`| `bsh`l} wanto mo |ah Mnomg hq`jubh" Ub`|h QMMM" U`s| M9 cn|a ch*
mod lhsmvhl fsnj |ah Dshhi @||mg c`wh" cx| |ah Gnsmo|am`o c`wh mw jnsh
wxc|b} jnxblhl `ol dhohs`bb} mogbxlhw noh ns |tn jhjchsw jnsh |a`o
|ah Mnomg/ Mo cn|a |ahwh c`whw |ah jhjchsw `sh snxol mo ub`o" `ol
hol mo ` |nsxw shw|mod xuno ` ub`mo ubmo|a" wpx`sh mo ub`o `ol shg|`o*
dxb`s mo hbhv`|mno/
\ah uhlhw|`b nf |amw Nslhs mwwxffmgmho|b}
thbb hqub`mohl mo |ah
ub`|h m|whbf" cx| m| j`} `d`mo ch shuh`|hl |a`| |ah uhlhw|`b mw on| wn
jxga `o `x|aho|mg u`s| nf |ah Snj`o Nslhs `w m| mw ` gsh`|mno nf |ah
Sho`mww`ogh/ No |amw ub`|h |ah uhlhw|`b mw wanto tm|a ` ohgimod
tamga g`oon| ch gnowmlhshl `w `o mov`sm`cbh `lkxog| |n m|w xwh tm|a
|ah Snj`o Nslhs/ \ah g`um|`b m|whbf" mo |amw hq`jubh" j`} ch gsm|m*
gmwhl on| nob} fns b`gi nf shfmohjho| mo |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ahfnbm`dh"
`ol nvhs*bxqxsm`ogh mo |ah jh|anl nf m|w `uubmg`|mno" cx| `bwn *fns `
ghs|`mo gbxjwmohww lmshg|b} `||smcx|hl |n |ah |amgiohww |asnxda |ah
g`um|`b chmod dsh`|hs |a`o |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi nf |ah gnbxjo" `ol
|n |ah f`g| |a`| |ah fnbm`dh a`w ` |holhog} |n wthbb nx| |nns`umlb}"
j`imod |nn dsh`| ` gno|s`w| tm|a |ah wbholhs nx|bmoh lmjhowmnow nf |ah
wa`f| chbnt/ \amw |holhog} a`w chho gnsshg|hl mo b`|hs tnsi" `b*
|anxda molhhl m| lnhw on| want `| `bb mo |ah Dshhig`um|`bw9 `ol |n*l`}
noh nf |ah wxshw| ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw nf |ah chw| Gnbnom`b tnsi mw |a`| |amw
Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`b mw g`ssmhl xu tm|a |ah bh`vhw ahbl c`gi `ol sh*
w|s`mohl |n fnbbnt |ah ub`oh nf |ah gnbxjo chbnt fns wnjh lmw|`ogh"
gxsvmod nx| nob} `| |ah|nu"
chbnt |ah vnbx|h `ol wj`bbhs g`xbmgxbm/
\ah `c`gxw nf |ah Nslhs mw anbbnthl nx| no |ah fnxs wmlhw `ol jnxblhl
`w mo |ah Dshhi fnsj/
\ah ho|`cb`|xsh nf |amw Nslhs mw hwwho|m`bb} lmffhsho| fsnj |a`|
nf `o} |a`| th a`vh ahsh|nfnsh whho" `ol j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w chmod
jnsh lmw|mog|b} Snj`o |a`o `o} n|ahs lh|`mb nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs/
\ah`sgam|s`vh mw lmvmlhl mo|n |ashh f`wgm`w ns
c`olw" whu`s`|hl c} `wj`bb jnxblmod" dhohs`bb} nso`jho|hl/ Molhhl" hvho |ah ub`oh
f`ghw nf |ah c`olw |ahjwhbvhw `sh wnjh|mjhwhb`cns`|hb} g`svhl/ \ah
fsmh{h mw nf|ho g`svhl usnfxwhb} mo amda shbmhf/ \ah gnsomgh mogbxlhw
|ah jnxblmodw nf |ah Mnomg lho|mbhl chl*jnxbl" tm|a |ah `llm|mno nf `
whsmhw nf cs`gih|w ns jnlmbbmnow Fmd/ 077- pxm|h lmffhsho| fsnj |ah
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@JH\ANL+ NFQ75OW\SVG\MOD*
NSLHSW-
JNLXBBW*W$*U@S/\/W* f
z\sjsfs G$ Y
PLJUN7M\H9UB@\H BV/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BV/-
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Gnsmo|am`o Gnbxjon/
Fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs" C``bchg" W}sm`/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 338
* 077 *
jx|xbhw nf |ah Dshhiw" cx| hvmlho|b} wxddhw|hl c} |ahj" `b|anxda |ah}
mognsuns`|h" mou`s|" |ah bh`f `ol vnbx|h |sh`|jho| nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o
g`um|`b/ \ah wu`gh ch|thho |ahwh jnlmbbmnow t`w fmbbhl c} hb`cns`|hb}
g`svhl u`ohbw" `ol |ah tanbh
gsntohl c} |ah xwx`b gsntomod
jhjchsw nf |ah gnsomgh" `d`mo
nso`jho|hl no hvhs} unwwmcbh
wxsf`gh/ \ah snxol jnxblmodw
nf |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo `ol
|ah jnxblmodw nf |ah c`wh `ol
g`u nf |ah uhlhw|`b mo |ah Gnsmo*
|am`o `ol Gnjunwm|h Snj`o
Nslhsw" `sh `bwn nf|ho ah`vmb}
hosmgahl c} g`svmod/
\ah wxclmvmwmnow `ol usn*
uns|mnow nf jhjchsw gnjunwmod |amw ho|`cb`|xsh `ol m|w `sgam|s`vh"
fsmh{h" `ol gnsomgh" `sh wanto mo u`s|mgxb`s mo Fmd/ 073/ \ah bmno$w
ah`l g`svhl no |ah xuuhs jhjchs `ol gnjmod nvhs |ah jnlmbbmno"
mw wnjh|mjhw `o nckhg| nf lhgns`|mno jhshb}" cx| nf|ho whsvhw `w `
wunx| fns |ah lmwga`sdh nf s`mo*t`|hs d`|ahshl no |ah snnf" `ol t`w
hvmlho|b} `l`u|hl fsnj ` wmjmb`s nso`jho| hjubn}hl c} |ah Dshhiw/
\ahwh wunx|w `sh xom|hl c} ` dx||hs gx| mo |ah xuuhs jhjchs nf |ah
gnsomgh `| |ah c`gi nf m|w f`gh" mo tamga g`wh |ah nuho jnx|aw mo |ah
ah`lw `sh fxsomwahl tm|a ` umhghnf |mbh |asnxda tamga |ah t`|hs fsnj
|ah snnf
hwg`uhw/
\AH GNJUNWM\H NSLHS
\ah @sga nf \m|xw Fmd/ 07<- gno|`mow |ah h`sbmhw| ionto hq`jubh
mo Snjh nf |ah xwh nf |ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs/ Anthvhs" tambh |ah fmsw|
hq`jubh mo Snjh" |ahsh `sh w|mbb h`sbmhs nohw hqmw|mod mo gm|mhw nf
@wm` Jmons/ Uhsa`uw |ah h`sbmhw| mow|`ogh nf |ah xwh nf |amw Nslhs mw
fnxol mo |ah Usno`nw mo |ah \hjubh nfKxum|hs `| @m{`om" tahsh `
g`um|`b Fmd/ 078-tm|a `
wmodbh
snt nf `g`o|axw bh`vhw mw xwhl tm|a `
vnbx|h/ \amw l`|hw fsnj |ah fmsw| gho|xs} C/ G/ \amw g`um|`b wxd*
dhw|w |ah unwwmcbh gnoohg|mno ch|thho |ah nso`jho|hl Mnomgg`um|`b"
wxga `w xwhl mo |ah Hshga|ahxj" `ol |ah b`|hs Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o `ol
Gnjunwm|h g`um|`bw9 wantmod" `w m| lnhw" `unwwmcbh hvnbx|mno nf |ah
bh`f |sh`|jho| nf |ah fsmh{h fsnj |ahwh fmsw| hq`jubhw |n |ah jnsh hb`cn*
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Fmd/ 07</ @sga n| \m|xw/
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@sga nf \m|xw" Wantmod Vmht nf Gnbnwwhxj/
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331 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
G@UM\@B_
s`|h bh`f |sh`|jho| no |ah f`gh nf |ah chbb nf |ah b`|hs g`um|`b kxw| wxga
` |s`owm|mno `w mw wanto mo |amw Dshhi g`um|`b fsnj @m{`om/ Wn m| mw
unwwmcbh |a`| |ah Gnjunwm|h g`um|`b mw jnsh usnuhsb} `o nx|dsnt|a nf
|ah smgahs fnsjw nf |ah
Mnomg Nslhs" tamga j`}a`vh fmsw| wxddhw|hl |ah xwh
nf bh`f`dh chbnt |ah Mnomg
vnbx|hw/
Cx| |ah fxbb lhvhbnu*
jho| nf |ah Gnjunwm|h
fnsj" gnjcmomod `bb |ah
smgahw| `ol jnw| hb`cns`|h
u`s|w nf |ah fnsjhs Nslhsw"
mw xolnxc|hlb} lxh |n |ah
Snj`ow/ @wmlh fsnj |ah
f`g| |a`| `bb |ah jnxblmodw
nf |amw Nslhs `sh jnsh
hb`cns`|hb} g`svhl hvho|a`o mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o
cxmblmodw" m|w lmw|modxmwamod
ga`s`g|hsmw|mg mw `d`mo fnxol
mo |ah g`um|`b" tamga t`w `o
`uu`sho| gnjcmo`|mno nf |ah@M[@OM
Fmd/ 078/Gnsmo|am`o v`wh*wa`uhl chbb
`bnod tm|a m|w nso`jho|`b
fnbm`dh" ub`ghl choh`|a |ah vnbx|h `ol g`um|`bnf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/
\amw g`um|`b j`} uhsa`uw ch gnowmlhshl `w ` dnnl mow|`ogh nf |a`|
nvhs*hb`cns`|mno nf |ah Snj`ow tamga mw on| gnowmw|ho| tm|a |ah |`w|h
nf |n*l`}/ \amw f`g| j`ihw |ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs nf bm||bh ushwho|
`lv`o|`dh9 `ol m| mw ohghww`s} |n |`ih xu `ol mbbxw|s`|h nob} ` fht
hq`jubhw" mo nslhs |n gnjubh|h `ol snxol nx| |ah usndshww nf Snj`o
`sgam|hg|xsh/
M| mw mo |ah Fnsxj nf Ohsv` |a`| |ah fmsw| chdmoomodw nf |ah `sgam*
|hg|xs`b lhg`lhogh nf Snjh j`} ch on|hl/ M| mw ahsh hvmlho|
|a`| mofhsmns `s|mw|w `sh chmod hjubn}hl9 `ol |ah gno|moxnxw usndshww
nf |amw lhgbmoh j`} ch on|mghl mo |ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs `ol gnsomgh
nf |ah @sga nf Whu|mjxw Whvhsxw" mo |ah C`|aw nf Lmngbh|m`o" `ol hvho
mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs hjubn}hl no |ah @sga nf Gnow|`o|moh*
383
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UB@\H BVM/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BVM/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 33=
\ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs wanto mo |ah hq`jubh fsnj |ah b`sdh a`bb
nf |ah C`|aw nf Lmngbh|m`o `| Snjh" molmg`|hw ta`| j`} ch gno*
wmlhshl |ah xb|mj`|h ua`wh nf |ah lhvhbnujho| nf Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh/
\amw Nslhs l`|hw fsnj `cnx| 3=5 @/ L/9 `ol" hwuhgm`bb}mo |ah bh`f
|sh`|jho|" |ah lhg`lhogh tamga a`w nvhs|`iho |amw" `bnod tm|a |ah
n|ahs `s|w" mw ub`mob} hvmlhoghl/
\amw Nslhs mw wanto no |ah w`jh ub`|h tm|a |ah Sho`mww`ogh vhs*
wmno nf U`bb`lmn Ub`|h BVM-" |ah b`||hs l`|mod ch|thho 0801 `ol 0815
@/ L/9 tambh `on|ahs hq`jubh vhs} wmjmb`s |n U`bb`lmn$w fnsj mw wanto
mo Ub`|h BV `bnod tm|a ` jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mno jxga |ah w`jh `w
|a`| hjubn}hl tm|a |ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs ls`to nx| chwmlh m|/ \ah
wmjubh jh|anlw nf usnuns|mnomod |ah Nslhsw wanto mo |ahwh |tn hq*
`jubhw j`} ch gnowmlhshlwxffmgmho|b}
hq`g| |n ch xwhl gxw|nj`smb}
mo snxdamod nx| |ah usnuns|mnow `ol nx|bmohw nf |ahwh |tn |}uh fnsjw/
SNJ@O D@\HT@]W @OL \SMXJUA@B @SGAHW
Nf |ah f`jnxw |smxjua`b `sgahw bhf| c} Snj`o cxmblhsw" |ah
j`knsm|} hjubn}hl |ah xwh nf |ah Nslhs mo hm|a`s |ah Gnsmo|am`o ns
Gnjunwm|h fnsjw/ \ahwh `sgahw thsh dhohs`bb} nf |tn |}uhw/ Mo
noh |ah ds`olhs `ol |ah jnsh mjunwmod |ahsh t`w noh b`sdh gho|s`b
`sga fns |ah u`ww`dh nf answhw `ol ga`smn|w" tm|a |tn wj`bb `sgahw
fns fnn| u`wwhodhsw"noh no hm|ahs wmlh/ Nf |amw
|}uh"|ah @sga
nf Gnow|`o|moh"/ cxmb| 703 @/ L/Fmd/ 076-" mw uhsa`uw |ah chw| hq*
`jubh/ M| mw lhgns`|hl tm|a whu`s`|hl ns lh|`gahl gnbxjow nf
|ah Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs" `ol mw gsntohl" `w t`w xwx`b mo |amw fnsj nf
jnoxjho|" tm|a ` ah`v} @||mgw|ns}/
M| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`|
|ahwh w|sxg|xshw gxw|nj`smb} g`ssmhl `o hb`cns`|h wgxbu|xshl px`lsmd`
nf answhw `ol w|`|xhw" tamga tnxbl ln jxga |n csh`i |ah wi}*bmoh `ol
`ll |n |ah fhw|`b hffhg| nf |ah gnjunwm|mno/
\ah n|ahs |}uh t`w nf ` wmodbh `sga wxuuns|hl c} s`|ahs ah`v}
umhsw"hm|ahs ub`mo ns nso`jho|hl/ Nf |amw |}uh" uhsa`uw |ah chw| hq*
`jubh mw |ah @sga nf @ogno`" l`|mod fsnj `cnx| 003 @/ L/Fmd/ 074-"
tamga" chmod ub`ghl `| |ah ah`l nf ` fbmda| nf w|huw tahshc} `bnoh m| g`o
ch `uusn`gahl" mw wnjhta`| xompxh/
N|ahs Snj`o `sgahw thsh cxmb| mo v`smnxw gnbnomhw nf |ah Hjumsh/
Mo j`o} g`whw |ah} fnsjhl |ah ho|s`ogh d`|hw |n ` |nto ns ` fns|mfmhl
g`ju" |anxda fshpxho|b} |ah} thsh ub`ghl `| |ah mo|hswhg|mno nf |tg
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Fmd/ 074/ @sga nf \s`k`o" @mmgno`
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373 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
usmogmu`b w|shh|w" tamga thsh usnc`cb} gnbnoo`lhl `bnod wnjh u`s| nf
|ahms bhod|a/
Nf |ahwh bnod gnbnoo`lhl w|shh|w |ahsh `sh j`o} shj`mow/ Usnc*
`cb} |ah jnw| mjunwmod `sh |anwh `| U`bj}s`" tahsh |ah honsjnxw
wm{h nf |ah gnbxjow `ol |ah shj`momod hvmlhoghw nf |ah dsh`| bhod|a
nf |ahwh w|shh|w j`ih |ah sxmow" hvho |n*l`}" |shjholnxwb} mjushwwmvh/
\ah dsh`| wmjubmgm|} `ol dnnl usnuns|mnow nf |ah @sga nf \m|xw
j`ih m| |ah jnw| wxgghwwfxb nf `o} nf |ahwh w|sxg|xshw/ \ah gnbxjow
`sh `||`gahl |anwh no |ah @sga nf Gnow|`o|moh chmod whu`s`|hl- 9`ol
|ah wmjubmgm|}nf |ah tanbh
lhwmdo"tm|a |ah gnogho|s`|mno nf mo|hshw|
`| |ah w`jh |mjh xuno |ah g`svhl u`ohbw |a`| gno|s`w| tm|a |ah n|ahs*
tmwh ub`mowxsf`gh nf |ah w|noh" j`ihw m|
hwuhgm`bb} gnjjhol`cbh fsnj
` jnlhso unmo|nf vmht/
\ahsh `sh |tn n|ahs Snj`o `sgahw hjubn}mod |ah xwh nf |amw
Nslhs |a`| j`} ch wuhgm`bb}jho|mnohl noh nf |ah wmodbh*`sga `ol
noh nf |ah |smubh*`sga |}uh/\ah fmsw| nf |ahwh mo unmo| nf l`|h mw |ah
@sga nf Chohvho|xj" 00< @/ L/" hshg|hl mo anons nf \s`k`o" tamga mw `
jnw| hb`cns`|hb} g`svhl `ol nso`jho|hl hq`jubh nf |ah wmodbh `sga"
ho|mshb} b`gimod |ah dnnl usnuns|mnow nf |ah @sga nf \m|xw/
\ah @sga nf Whu|mjxw Whvhsxw" 357 @/ L/" mw `o hq`jubh nf |ah
|smubh d`|ht`} tm|a lh|`gahl Gnjunwm|h gnbxjow" g`ss}mod bhww `sgam*
|hg|xs`b g`svmod |a`o |ah noh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl/
SNJ@O LNNST@]W
\ah lnnst`} wanto mo Fmd/ 071 t`w ls`to `ol sholhshl c}
Hj`oxhb Csxoh" `| kxw| noh*|ho|a nf m|w nsmdmo`b wm{h" fsnj |ah shj`mow
nf ` lnnst`} mo |ah Lnsmg \hjubh nf Ahsgxbhw `| Gns`/ \ah wg`bh
mo |ah gho|hs nf |ah ls`tmod `| |ah cn||nj molmg`|hw |ah bhod|a nf noh
jh|hs" ns `uusnqmj`|hb} <5 mogahw mo nxs gxw|nj`s} jh|anl nffmdxsmod
7=/74 mogahw" |n ch hq`g|-/ \ah lh|`mbw nf ` wmlh hbhv`|mno nf |ah
cs`gih| ns gnownb wxuuns|mod |ah lnns*g`u" `bnod tm|a ` whg|mno |asnxda
|amw gnownb `ol |ah `sgam|s`vh wxssnxolmod |ah lnns" `sh ls`to nx| mo
Fmd/ 07=/ \amw lhwmdo wantw w|snodb} |ah mofbxhogh nf Dshhi
ushghlho|tamga th a`vh `bsh`l} fnxol wn jxga mo hvmlhogh mo `bb |ah `sgam|hg*
|xsh nf Gns` `ol m|wvmgmom|}"
`ol |ahshfnsh m| j`} on| ch gnowmlhshl
`w wn lmw|mog|mvhb}Snj`o `w |ah jnsh mjunwmod lnnst`} nf |ah U`o*
|ahno" wanto mo Ub`|h BVMMM/
\ah lnnst`} nf |ah U`o|ahno mw |sxb} Snj`o mo m|w usnuns|mnow
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Fmd/ 071/ Lnsmg Lnnst`} fsnj Snj`o \hjubh `| Gnsm" M|`b}/
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37< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
`ol |sh`|jho|" `ol m|w smgaohww nf nso`jho|/ Mo ub`gh nf |ah wbnumod
nuhomod `ol `sgam|s`vh" o`ssnths `| |ah |nu |a`o `| |ah cn||nj `ol
s`shb} nso`jho|hl tm|a
g`svmod" th fmol ` b`sdh"
shg|`odxb`s nuhomod tm|a
uhsuholmgxb`s k`jcw nso`*
jho|hl no |ahms f`gh c} `
Gb`wwmg `sgamvnb| tm|a hb`c*
ns`|hb}g`svhl jnxblmodw"
`ol wxsjnxo|hl tm|a `
fsmh{h a`vmod ` ub`mo" gxsvhl
wxsf`gh `ol ` gnsomgh nf
gnowmlhs`cbh usnkh g | m n o /
\ah jnxblmodw `sh nf `
dnnl |}uhnf Snj`o whg*
|mno" `ol |ah g`svmod mw xo*
xwx`bb} `uusnusm`|h mo ga`s*
`g|hs |n |ahms nx|bmohw/ \ah
nuhomod mw fmbbhl tm|a `o
hb`cns`|h wgshho nf Gb`wwmg
umb`w|hsw" dsmbbhw"`ol lnnsw"
`bb nf csno{h/ \amw jh|`b
tnsi usnc`cb} t`w nsmdmo*
`bb} ub`|hlmo dnbl" `ol mw
noh nf |ah chw|*ushwhsvhl
wuhgmjhow nf Snj`o lh|`mb
|a`| a`w gnjh lnto |n xw/
FmW* 07= * \amw hb`cns`|h lnnst`} bmhw
`| |ah sh`s nf |ah lhhu Gnsmo|am`o uns|mgnno |ah fsno| nf |ah cxmbl*
mod" `ol fnsjw |ah j`mo ho|s`ogh |n |ah gmsgxb`s sn|xol` nf |ah
mo|hsmns/ Whh Ub`|h BVMMM /
SNJ@O TMOLNTW
Snj`o tmolnt nuhomodw `sh" mo h`sbmhs cxmblmodw" pxm|h gbnwhb}
gnumhl fsnj Dshhi jnlhbw" `b|anxda mo tnsi nf |ah |sxh Snj`o uhsmnl"
wxga `w |ah \hjubh nf Vhw|` `| \mvnbm" |ah jnxblmodw |ahjwhbvhw `sh
Snj`o mo |ahms whg|mno nx|bmoh/ \ah_chw| Gb`wwmg tmolntw" anthvhs"
`sh |anwh lhwmdohl lxsmod |ah b`|hs Sho`mww`ogh uhsmnl 9`ol m| mw ch||hs
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 378
|n shvhs| |n wnjh noh nf |ahwh |}uhw `w ` ushghlho| fns xwh no `o} jnl*
hso Gb`wwmg w|sxg|xsh/
SNJ@O JNXBLMODW\ah jnxblmodw hjubn}hl c} |ah Snj`ow `sh dhohs`bb}
fnb*
bnthl" |asnxda |ah jhlmxj nf |ah Sho`mww`ogh tnsi nf M|`b}`ol Hod*
b`ol" mo jnw| nf |ah tnsi hqhgx|hl |n*l`}9 `ol |ahwh whg|mnow `sh |ahsh*
fnsh hvmlho|b} hvho jnsh mjuns|`o| |n |ah w|xlho| |a`o |ah Dshhi
jnxblmodw tamga ah$ a`w`bsh`l} w|xlmhl/ \ah `sgam|hg|w nf |ah M|`bm`o
Sho`mww`ogh whbhg|hl tm|a `bjnw| mov`sm`cbh dnnl |`w|h |ah chw| jnxbl*
mod whg|mnow hjubn}hl c} |ah Snj`ow mo |ah Gb`wwmg hq`jubhw tm|a
tamga |ah} thsh f`jmbm`s9 `ol |ahwh w`jh whg|mnow thsh b`|hs gnumhl c}
|ah `sgam|hg|w nf Hodb`ol `ol n|ahs gnxo|smhw" xo|mb nxs jnlhso jnxbl*
mod vng`cxb`s} mwwxcw|`o|m`bb} gnofmohl fns ushghlho|w |n |ahwh usnfmbhw/
\ah v`smnxw jnxblmod whg|mnow j`} ch w|xlmhl mo Fmd/ 0<5" `w thbb
`w mo `bb |ah n|ahsub`|hw" tamga `sh g`shfxbb} lh|`mbhl fns |amw uxsunwh mo
nslhs |n want |ah dhohs`b uxsunwh `ol xwh nf `bb |ah Snj`o jnxblmodw
mo gnjjno xwh" wn |a`| |ah v`sm`|mnow `ol shfmohjho|w mo |ahms nx|bmohw
g`o ch h`wmb} `uushaholhl `ol xolhsw|nnl/ Mo w|xl}mod|ahwh ls`t*
modw" hwuhgm`bb} |anwh nf |ah Snj`o Nslhs Ub`|hw" m| jxw| ch shjhjchs*
hl |a`| |ah} `sh mo|holhl jhshb} `w ` |}uh ns dhohs`b fnsj nf |ah j`o}
v`smh|mhw lhvmwhl c} |ah `ogmho|w/ \ah v`smnxw nx|bmohw wanxbl ch
w|xlmhl mo |ah ub`|hw shls`to fsnj nsmdmo`b tnsi `ol mo |ah v`smnxw
tnsiw dmvho mo |ah cmcbmnds`ua} hbwhtahsh `oohqhl/
Mo j`o} nf |ah Ub`|hw ahsh shusnlxghl" |ah jnxblmod nso`jho| mo
|ah nsmdmo`b hq`jubhw a`w chho njm||hl mo nslhs |n want jnsh gbh`sb}
|ah jnxblmod nx|bmoh `ol whg|mno `ol |n gnovh} `| |ah w`jh |mjh |ah
f`g| |a`| |ah Nslhs `bnoh j`} ch hjubn}hl tm|a |ah jmomjxj `jnxo|
nf nso`jho|`|mno `ol }h| nc|`mo ` vhs} w`|mwf`g|ns} shwxb|/ Mo n|ahs
g`whw" |ah jnxblmod nso`jho| a`w chho wxddhw|hl nvhs nob} ` wj`bb
uns|mnonf |ah ls`tmod" fns |ah w`jh uxsunwh nf wmjubmf}mod |ah `sgam*
|hg|xs`b hffhg| `w `o `ml |n m|w sh`lmhs gnjushahowmno/ \ah xwh nf
nso`jho|`|mno" |n |ah hq|shjh lhdshh j`omfhw|hl c} |ah Snj`ow" mw
hvmlhogh nf ` bxqxsm`ogh `ol ` b`gi nf shfmohjho| no |ah
u`s|
nf |ah
cxmblhsw `ol |ah o`|mno `| b`sdh/ Xwhbhww nso`jho| mo `o} hvho| mw
hjubn}hl nob} fns |ah uxsunwh nf sholhsmod xuno |ah chanblhs `o
hffhg| nf dsh`|hs gnw|bmohww9`ol m| mw ` jnn|hl unmo| tah|ahs nso`jho|"
`w `uubmhl c} |ah Snj`ow mo hb`cns`|h g`svmod no ub`mo wxsf`ghw `w thbb
`w no jnxblmodw" nc|`mow `o hffhg| gnjjhowxs`|h tm|a m|w gnw|/
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SNJH@V PV@S\
Fmd/ 0<5
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 374
HO\@WMW NF \AH SNJ@O GNBXJO
\ah Snj`ow whhj |n a`vh `lnu|hl noh dhohs`b jh|anl nf lmjmo*
mwamod ns |`uhsmod |ahms gnbxjow" hvmlho|b} c`whl no |ah Mnomg `ol
Gnsmo|am`o wa`f|w nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw/ Mo `l`u|mod |n |ahms nto uxs*
unwhw |ah Dshhi ho|`wmw" |ah} j`lh on `bbnt`ogh fns |ah f`g| |a`| |ahms
gnbxjow thsh fshpxho|b} xwhl `||`gahl |n ` gxs|`mo t`bb" cx| whhj |n
a`vh cnssnthl |ah Dshhi jh|anl nx|smda|" jhshb} wmjubmf}mod m| fns
|ahms nto sh`lmhs xwh/
\ah dhohs`b usnuns|mnow nf |ah c`whw `ol gnbxjow nf |ah Snj`o
Nslhsj`}
ch jnshg`shfxbb}
w|xlmhl mo Ub`|h
BVMM"mo tamga |ashh
thbb*ionto hq`jubhw nf gnbxjo wa`f|w `sh ls`to nx| |n `o hpx`b
ahmda|/
\ah Lnsmg wa`f| mw |a`| xwhl mo |ah Vmbb` `| @bc`om oh`s Snjh9|ah
Mnomg gnbxjo mw |`iho fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw" `cnx| 055
C/ G/9 `ol |ah Gnsmo|am`o mw |a`| xwhl no |ah U`o|ahno `| Snjh" `cnx|
035 |n 03< @/ L/" `b|anxda |ah gnbxjo m|whbf mw nf h`sbmhs l`|h/ \ahwh
gnbxjow `sh `bb wanto ls`to nx| |n |ah w`jh ahmda|" cx| a`vh `
lmffhsho| c`wh lm`jh|hs/
\ah Lnsmg gnbxjo mw `cnx| 4R lm`jh|hsw amda 9`ol m| tmbb ch on|hl
|a`| mf ` c`wh thsh xwhl tm|a |amw gnbxjo" m| tnxbl csmod m|w ahmda| xu |n
4f lm`jh|hsw" nswxcw|`o|m`bb} |ah hmda| lm`jh|hsw |a`| a`w chho
`lnu|hl mo jnlhso xw`dh fns |ah ahmda| nf |ah Snj`o Lnsmg gnbxjo/
\ah f`g| |a`| |amw mw `o h`sb} hq`jubh ju} ahbu |n `ggnxo| fns |ah njmw*
wmno nf |ah c`wh `ol fns |ah hq|s` thmda| nf |ah wa`f|/
Mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" |ah gnbxjow `sh
1 lm`jh|hswamda""
`ol `| |ah |nu |`uhs noh*whvho|a nf |ahms bnths
lm`jh|hs/
\ah Mnomg gnbxjo fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw mw 1 lm`jh*
|hsw amda/ \amw gnbxjo" th jxw| shjhjchs" mo m|w nsmdmo`b xwh mo |amw
\hjubh" t`w wanto `||`gahl |n ns lhgns`|mod |ah f`gh nf ` gxs|`mo t`bb/
\ah Mnomg gnbxjo xwhl mo |ah whgnol w|ns}nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw
mw = lm`jh|hsw amda/
\ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah U`o|ahno mw `cnx| = lm`jh|hsw amda" `ola`w ` g`um|`b hqghbbho|b} usnuns|mnohl mo shb`|mno |n |ah wa`f|/
\ah wa`f| fsnj `o mo|hsmns gnbxjo nf |ah U`o|ahno a`w chho g`sh*
fxbb} jh`wxshl9 `ol m|w hq`g| lm`jh|hs `| v`smnxw unmo|w nf m|w ahmda| mw
wanto `| |ah bhf| mo Fmd/ 0<0/ M|w |n|`b ahmda| <3 fhh| 6 mogahw- mw
lmvmlhl mo|n 08 jnlxbhw `ol 36u`s|w"
fsnj |ah |nu nf |ah ohgimod |n |ah
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371 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
GNBVJO|fA@F\
cn||nj nf |ah wa`f|" ch|thho |ah unmo|w wanto no |amw ls`tmod/ H`ga
jnlxbh ns whjm*lm`jh|hs mw wxclmvmlhl mo|n 75u`s|w"
`ol |ah lmjmox*
|mno nf |ah gnbxjo mw g`sh*
fxbb} fmdxshl mo |ahwhu`s|w/
@| |ah smda| nf |amw
ls`tmod mw wanto ` wa`f|
lmwub`}mod ` jh|anl tamga
`bjnw|u`s`bbhbw
|a`| hj*
ubn}hl no |ah gnbxjo fsnj
|ah U`o|ahno9 `ol |amw
jh|anl j`}" fns dhohs`b
uxsunwhw" ch gnowmlhshl |n
`uub} |n |ah |`uhsmod nf `bb
Snj`o wa`f|w/ \ah nob}
lmffhshogh ch|thho |amw
jnlhso jh|anl `ol |ah
Gb`wwmg wa`f| nf |ah U`o*
|ahno mw fnxol mo |ah
bnths noh*|amsl nf |ah
ahmda|" tamga" mo |ah Gb`w*
wmg hq`jubh" mow|h`l nf ch*
mod hq`g|b} uhsuholmgxb`s"
chdmow |n fhhb vhs} wbmda|b}
|ah |`uhs nf |ah xuuhs
uns|mno nf |ah wa`f|/ \amw
mw ` shfmohjho| |a`| tnxbl
nslmo`smb} ch |nn wxc|mbh |n
ch `uushgm`|hl ns lmwghsohl9
`ol mo `g|x`b us`g|mgh mo `
wa`f| xwhl no |ah hq|hsmns
nf ` cxmblmod" m| mw dhohs`bb}
gnowmlhshl chw| |n mogsh`wh
FmW*
0<0 *
wbmda|b} |ah lm`jh|hs `| |amw
unmo| noh*|amsl nf |ah ahmda| nf |ah wa`f|-" mow|h`l nf lmjmomwamod m|
`w t`w lnoh mo |amw mow|`ogh" taho |ah Nslhs t`w xwhl mo |ah mo*
|hsmns" `| ` |shjholnxw wm{h" gnju`s`|mvhb} mwnb`|hl" `ol mo wxga `
j`oohs |a`| on dsh`| lmw|`ogh gnxbl hvhs mo|hsvhoh ch|thho |ah wuhg*
|`|ns `ol |ah nckhg| m|whbf/ Fns `bb nslmo`s} uxsunwhw" |ah jh|anl
*U@O\ALO$*MO\HSMNS"$
@*JNLHSO+U@S@BBHB+
36<
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@BC@OM@/*7+
DNBVJOW
UB@\H BVMM/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmnUb`|h
BVMM/-
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 37=
wanto `| |ah smda| nf |amw ls`tmod mw wxffmgmho|b} lmw|modxmwahl `ol
hq`g|/
SNJ@O UHLMJHO\WFmd/ 0<3 wantw |tn jh|anlw nf usnuns|mnomod ` uhlmjho|/ \ah
xuuhs noh mw |ah Sho`mww`ogh gxw|nj |a`| mw wanto c} Whsbmn9 |ah bnths
mw ` jh|anl dmvho c} |ah Snj`o `sgam|hg| `ol tsm|hs" Vm|sxvmxw/
Nf |ahwh |tn jh|anlw |ah bnths mw jnsh `uusnusm`|h |n cxmblmodw
nf |shjholnxw wm{h" wxga `w |anwh hshg|hl c} |ah Snj`ow9 tambh |ah
UHLMJHO\ UNS\MNOW
*\AH*JH\Agm-L*NF*2WHHXN$
\AH*JMANr? GFVB\HTMVW*
Fmd/ 0<3/
Sho`mww`ogh jh|anl nf Whsbmn tnxbl ch jnsh `uusnusm`|h fns xwh no
jnlhso tnsi/ Mo |amw mbbxw|s`|mno m| tmbb ch whho |a`| |ah s`lmxw nf |ah
`sg |a`| lh|hsjmohw |ah xuuhs unmo| nf |ah uhlmjho|" `ol |ahshfnsh m|w
ahmda|" mw fnxol `w molmg`|hl" c} jh`wxsmod lnto no |ah gho|hs bmoh"
fsnj ` unmo| `| |ah ahmda| nf |ah |nu jhjchs nf |ah gnsomgh" ` lmw|`ogh
hpx`b |n noh*a`bf |ah uhlmjho| tml|a" `ol |aho" tm|a |ah unmo| |axw
nc|`mohl `w ` gho|hs" w|smimod ` gmsgbh u`wwmod |asnxda |ah |tn holw
nf |amw w`jh jhjchs/ \ah mo|hswhg|mno nf |amw gmsgbh tm|a |ah uhs*
uholmgxb`s gho|hs bmoh nf |ah uhlmjho|" dmvhw |ah gho|hs fns |ah `sg
|a`| lh|hsjmohw |ah uhlmjho| ahmda|/
364
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3<5 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
Mo |ah jh|anl nf Vm|sxvmxw" |ah ho|msh tml|a `gsnww |ah f`gh nf |ah
uhlmjho| mw lmvmlhl mo|n omoh u`s|w 9`ol |ah lmw|`ogh nf noh nf |ahwh
u`s|w mw dmvho |n |ah ub`mo f`gh ns |}ju`oxj nf |ah uhlmjho| `| |ah
gho|hs/ C} lmvmlmod |ah tml|a mo|n hmda| mow|h`l nf omohu`s|w"
` |}j*
u`oxj ahmda| no |ah gho|hs bmoh tnxbl ch nc|`mohl |a`| tnxbl ch `u*
usnqmj`|hb} jmlt`} ch|thho |anwh wanto mo |ahwh |tn jh|anlw/
SNJ@O MO\HSGNBXJOM@\MNO
\ah Snj`o gxw|nj mo |ah wu`gmod nf gnbxjow mw nf jxga dsh`|hs
mo|hshw| |n |ah `sgam|hg| nf |n*l`} |a`o |ah gxw|nj nf |ah Dshhiw" mo |a`|
|ah Snj`ow thsh on| ahbl lnto c} |ah gnowmlhs`|mnow |a`| shw|smg|hl
|ah Dshhiw mo |ah xwh nf `v`mb`cbh bhod|aw nf w|noh tamga |ah} gnxbl
px`ss} ns a`olbh fns |ahms wxuuns|mod bmo|hbw/ ]h| |ah Snj`ow" m| jxw|
`bwn ch shjhjchshl" dhohs`bb} xwhl Nslhsw nf |shjholnxw wm{h" `ol
hjubn}hl |ahj no cxmblmodw pxm|h lmffhsho| mo |ahms tanbh gnjunwm|mno
`olw|}bh
fsnj |anwh no tamga
th ont hjubn} |ah gnbxjo9 wn"
`w `
dhohs`bsxbh" m|
j`}ch w`ml
|a`| th wanxbl dhohs`bb} wu`gh
nxs gnbxjow f`s|ahs `u`s| |a`o
t`w hvho |ah Snj`o gxw|nj/
Mo `bb Lnsmg tnsi" |ah gnb*
xjo jxw| `bt`}w nggxs lmshg|b}
xolhs ` |smdb}ua9 cx|" mow|h`l nf
|ah |tn* ns |ashh*|smdb}ua wu`gmod
nf |ah Dshhiw" th fmol |a`| |ah
Snj`ow fshpxho|b} wu`ghl |ahms
gnbxjow tm|a |ashh |smdb}uaw`ol
fnxs jh|nuh wu`ghw nggxssmod ch*
|thho |ah |smdb}uaw |a`| gnjh no
|ah gho|hs bmohw nf |ah gnbxjo
wa`f|w" `w mo |ah \ah`|hs nf
J`sghbbxw `| Snjh9 `ol tambh
|ah Sho`mww`ogh `x|ansm|mhw xom|hl mo dmvmod |ahj bhwwhs wu`ghw |a`o
|amw Fmd/ 0<7-" jnlhso gxw|nj `ol us`g|mgh u`} cx| bm||bh shd`sl |n
|ahwh ushghlho|w/ M| mw ont gnowmlhshl usnuhs |n wu`gh |ah gnbxjow
`| `o} lmw|`ogh |a`| |ah chw| wnbx|mno nf |ah usncbhj j`} shpxmsh" |ah
nob} gnowmlhs`|mno chmod |a`| |ah} wa`bb on| ch wn f`s `u`s| `w |n dmvh
v7n }?`hs"w KO M *JNLXBH/*
361
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 3<0
SNKVM@KWINOMG*
|ah hffhg| nf mowxffmgmho|w|`cmbm|}
nf wxuuns|/ Nf gnxswh" mo wu`gmod
gnbxjow `| dsh`|hs lmw|`oghw |a`o |anwh dmvho c} Vmdonb` `ol n|ahs
`x|ansm|mhw" m| tmbb dhohs`bb} ch fnxol `lvmw`cbh |n lhgsh`wh |ahms
ahmda| wbmda|b}mo shb`|mno |n |ahms lm`jh|hs" mo nslhs |n dmvh |ah gnb*
xjo ` dsh`|hs hffhg| nfwnbmlm|} `ol w|shod|a/
\ah Snj`o xwh nf gnbxjow ub`ghl `d`mow| |ah f`gh nf |ah umhsw
nf `o `sg`lh" shpxmshw ` ghs|`mo shb`|mno ch|thho |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah
gnbxjo `ol m|w wu`gmod `ol ahmda|/ \ahwh `sh chw| w|xlmhl c} on|mod
|ah wu`gmodnf |ah gnbxjow `u`s| mo lm`jh|hsw/ Mo |ah \`cxb`smxj"
|ah gnbxjow `sh wu`ghl `u`s| fsnj gho|hs |n gho|hs fmvh lm`jh|hsw/
Mo |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw `ol mo |a`| nf Unjuh}" |amw lmw|`ogh t`w
fmvh `ol noh*px`s|hs lm`jh|hsw9 `ol mo |ah C`wmbmg` Kxbm` m| t`w fmvh
`ol noh*a`bf/ \ah lmw|`ogh fsnj gho|hs |n gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjow no
|ah Gnbnwwhxj mw whvho `ol noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw/ Mo |amw cxmblmod" `bb
|ah gnbxjow Lnsmg" Mnomg" `ol Gnsmo|am`o `sh |ah w`jh lm`jh|hs
`| |ah c`wh/ Mo |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" |ah Lnsmg gnbxjow `sh
hmda| lm`jh|hsw amda" `ol |`uhs `|
|ah |nu |n whvho*hmda|awnf |ahms
bnths lm`jh|hs/ \ah Mnomg gnb*
xjow mo |ah whgnol w|ns} `sh
omoh lm`jh|hsw amda" `ol |ahms
bnths lm`jh|hs mw |ah w`jh `w
|ah xuuhs lm`jh|hs nf |ah Lnsmg
gnbxjo chbnt/ Mo |ah Gnbnw*
whxj" |ah Lnsmg ns \xwg`o- gnb*
xjow no |ah fmsw| w|ns} `sh omoh
`ol noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw amda" `ol
|ah Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o gnb*
xjow `sh kxw| hmda| `ol |ashh*
px`s|hsw lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|/
\ahwh lhu`s|xshw fsnj |ah ns*
lmo`s} sxbhw `sh usnc`cb} `g*
gnxo|hl fns
c}|ah f`g| nf |ah
s`|ahs wuhgm`b j`oohs mo tamga
"" Fmd/ 0<</
|ah gnbxjow `sh ahsh hjubn}hl/
@llm|mno`b ahmda| t`w ohghww`s}" mo nslhs |n `bbnt snnj fns |ah v`xb|*
mod nvhs |ah gnssmlns mowmlh/ No |ah fmsw| w|ns} |ah ahmda| mw nc|`mohl
c} mogsh`wmod |ah bhod|a nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|9 `ol mo |ah n|ahs w|nsmhw
Wn }.wq\k NO 0 JNLXBH"
36=
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3<3 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
+IPJ@O*GNSKO\KM@O*
|amw `llm|mno`b ahmda| mw d`mohl mo |ah l`ln" tamga csh`iw nx| mo|n `
wns| nf uhlhw|`b xolhsoh`|a |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w/ \ah `tit`slohww
nf |amw wnbx|mno mw lmwub`}hl c} |ah f`g| |a`| |ah `sgam|hg| t`w lsmvho
|n ub`gh ch|thho |ah f`ghw nf amw umhsw `o `llm|mno`b l`ln ns wnbml
c`bxw|s`lh mo nslhs |n `g| `w ` u`s`uh| fns |ah gnssmlnsw mo |ah whg*
nol `ol |amsl w|nsmhw `o `sgam|hg|xs`b j`ihwamf| |a`| ah tnxbl xo*
lnxc|hlb} a`vh jxga ushfhsshl |n njm|/
Mo Fmd/ 0<7" |ah hq`jubh nf Snj`o Lnsmg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno fsnj
|ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" tahsh
gnbxjow `sh xwhl no |ah f`gh nf
`o `sg`lh" |ah gnbxjow `sh
wanto wu`ghl `u`s| < lm`jh*
|hsw9 tambh |ah us`g|mghnf U`b*
b`lmn" Wg`jn{{m" `ol Vmdonb`"
tahsh |ah gnbxjo mw xwhl `bnoh"
mw |n wu`gh |ahj `u`s| fsnj |ashh
|n fnxs lm`jh|hsw" ns fnxs |n fmvh
lm`jh|hsw" no gho|hsw/
\ah Mnomg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno
/wanto mo Fmd/ 0<<" `d`mo molm*
g`|hw |ah `ss`odhjho| nf |ah
; \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" `ol wantw
chbnt m| |ah wu`gmod nf U`bb`lmn"
Wg`jn{{m" `ol Vmdonb`/ M| jxw|
ch shjhjchshl|a`| mo |ah
\ah*
C@_MBMG@/ NF@O\NOKOV8
A
\HJUBH *NF$*J@HW XB\LS7g@m| FHH\ /> m+
/75 U@S\+ T 0TcLXB/
Fmd/ 0<8/
`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" |ah Mnomg
Nslhs nggxsw lmshg|b} nvhs |ah
Lnsmg Nslhs chbnt9 `ol mo cn|a
mow|`oghw |ah gnbxjo mw `||`gahl
|n ` t`bb" `ol mw whu`s`|hl fsnj m|w ohmdacns c} |ah `sgahw nf |ah
`sg`lh/
Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o gnbxjo wu`gmod mw wanto mo whvhs`b nf |ah thbb*
ionto hq`jubhw mo Fmd/ 0<89 mo `llm|mno |n tamga |ah lmjhowmnow `ol
usnuns|mnow nf |ah gnbxjow no wnjh nf |ah usmogmu`b |hjubhw `sh `w
fnbbntw ;
Mo |ah \hjubh nf Vhw|` `| \mvnbm" tahsh |ah gnbxjow `sh 01 fhh|
8 mogahw amda" `ol `sh s`mwhl no ` amda c`whjho|" |ah} `sh =K lm`jh*
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U@O\AHNO_JJO_LNNST@]
UB@\H BVMMM/
@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BVMMM/ -
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 3<7
|hsw amda" |ah g`um|`b chmod kxw| noh lm`jh|hs/ Mo |amw mow|`ogh m| t`w
|ah hvmlho| mo|ho|mno nf |ah lhwmdohs |n nc|`mo ` w|xju} hffhg|/
Mo |ah \hjubh `| Omjhw |ah gnbxjow `sh 75 fhh| amda" tm|a `
lm`jh|hs nf 6 fhh| = mogahw" `ol |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno mw |tn lm`jh|hsw/
\ah gnbxjow nf |ah Uns|mgn nf |ah U`o|ahno `sh <8 fhh| 7 mogahw ns
= 0 lm`jh|hsw amda" `ol |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno mw 3r lm`jh|hsw/
Mo |ah \hjubh nf Vhw|` `| Snjh" |ah gnbxjow `sh <1 fhh| 7 mogahw
amda ns bNk lm`jh|hsw" `ol |ah j|hsgnbxjom`|mno mw 0 R lm`jh|hsw/ Mo
|amw |hjubh |ah |`bb `ol wbholhs gnbxjo wa`f|w `sh `ggnxo|hl fns c} |ah
f`g| |a`| |ahcxmblmod
t`w gsntlhl mo `ol wxssnxolhlc} amdahs
w|sxg*
|xshw" `ol |amw hovmsnojho| j`lh |ah hq|s` gnbxjo ahmda| hwwho|m`b
mo nslhs |n nc|`mo |ah ohghww`s} lmdom|}/
Mo |ah \hjubh nf J`sw Xb|ns" |ah gnbxjow `sh 84 fhh| = mogahw ns
05 lm`jh|hsw amda" `ol |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno mw RR lm`jh|hsw/
\ah gnbxjow nf |ah Fsno|mwumhgh nf Ohsn `sh 81 fhh| amda" `w `sh
`bwn |ah gnbxjow nf |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw/
SNJ@O UMB@W\HSW
\ah xwh nfumb`w|hsw c} |ah Snj`ow t`w vhs} lmffhsho| fsnj |ah
Dshhi gxw|nj" `ol |ahumb`w|hs
mw dmvho ` jxga jnsh mjuns|`o| ub`gh
mo |ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b lhvhbnujho|/
\ah Snj`o umb`w|hs mo |ah b`|hs uhsmnlw mw us`g|mg`bb} |ah w`jh
`w |ah gnbxjo mo m|w |sh`|jho| nf |ah g`um|`b `ol c`wh" `ol |ahshfnsh
pxm|h lmffhsho| fsnj |ah Dshhi `o|`/ \ah pxhw|mno nf lmjmomwamod
|ah wa`f| `| |ah |nu mw noh |a`| whhjw |n a`vh chho bhf| b`sdhb} |n |ah
lmwgsh|mno nf |ah lhwmdohs" `ol on dhohs`b sxbh g`o ch dmvho |a`| tmbb
`uub} mov`sm`cb}/ /Mo wnjh mow|`oghw |ah usnghlxsh fnbbntw |ah w`jh
jh|anl `w xwhl mo |ah gnkxjo m|whbf" `ol `| n|ahs |mjhw |ah wa`f| mw
g`ssmhl xu mo ` ubxjc" uhsuholmgxb`s bmoh fsnj |ah c`wh/ Mo dhohs`b"
|ah w`jh gnowmlhs`|mnow |a`| a`vh chho dmvho mo |ah lmwgxwwmno nf |ah
umb`w|hs |sh`|jho| mo U`s| M j`} ch hm|ahs `uubmhl hq`g|b} `w |ahsh nx|*
bmohl" ns j`} ch v`smhl c} |ah lhwmdohs `| amw nto lmwgsh|mno/
Mo jnw| Gb`wwmg mow|`oghw |ah umb`w|hs t`w |sh`|hlhq`g|b} |ah
w`jh `w |ah gnbxjo/ M| t`w dmvho |ah w`jh g`u `ol c`wh9 |ah wa`f|"
nf gnxswh" chmod ub`mo`ol wpx`sh mo ub`o/ @w shd`slw |ah umb`w|hs
lmjhowmno `| |ah ohgi `ol c`wh" |ahsh mw gnowmlhs`cbh lmffhshogh nf
gxw|nj `jnod |ah nblhw| hq`jubhw/ Mo Snj`o us`g|mgh |ah umb`w|hs
mw wnjh|mjhw |sh`|hl tm|a wmlhw |`uhsmod mo |ah w`jh j`oohs `w |ah
747
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3<< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
wmlhw nf |ah gnbxjo `ol hq`g|b} |n `dshh tm|a m|/ @| noh |mjh" |ah
tanbh wa`f| tmbb ch |sh`|hl tm|a |ah hq`g| lmjmox|mno dmvho |n |ah `g*
gnju`o}mod gnbxjo9`|
n|ahsw" |ah umb`w|hsmw nf
|ah w`jh tml|a `| |ahohgi `w `| |ah c`wh" |ah wm{h chmod lh|hsjmohl c} |ah `vhs`dh ch|thho
|ah lm`jh|hs lmjhowmnow nf |ah gnbxjo `| ohgi `ol c`wh" `uusn`gamod"
mf `o}|amod" jnsh oh`sb} |ah b`sdhs |a`o |ah wj`bbhs lm`jh|hs/ Mo
n|ahs g`whw `w" fns hq`jubh" tahsh umb`w|hsw`bnoh `sh xwhl |ah} `sh
dhohs`bb} j`lh w|s`mda| `ol nf hpx`b tml|a |asnxdanx| |ahms ho|msh
ahmda|9 cx| hvho |aho |ah} `sh wnjh|mjhw dmvho `o ho|`wmw |ah w`jh
`w |ah gnbxjo/ \ah wa`f|w nf |ah umb`w|hs `sh dhohs`bb} |sh`|hl |n
`dshh tm|a |ah gnbxjow tm|a tamga |ah} `sh xwhl/ \ah} j`} ch
ub`mo" fbx|hl" nshwuhgm`bb}
mo Sho`mww`ogh tnsi u`ohbhl/
\ah usnkhg|mno nf |ah umb`w|hsw fsnj |ah t`bb t`w dhohs`bb}`cnx|
fsnj noh*px`s|hs |n noh*a`bf |ahms tml|a9 cx| wnjh|mjhw ` dsh`|hs
lhu|a t`w shpxmshl" mo nslhs |a`| |ah} wanxbl shj`mo fshh fsnj usn*
khg|mod chb| gnxswhw ns ansm{no|`b gnsomghw |a`| w|nuuhl `d`mow| |ahj/
Mf dmvho dsh`|hs lhu|a |a`o |amw" `umb`w|hs mw `u| |n gnju`sh xof`vns*
`cb}
tm|a |ah gnbxjo m|whbf" `ol |n
dmvh
`gbxjw}"
w|mff hffhg|" tambh
g`xwmod |ah gnbxjo c} gno|s`w| |n `uuh`s |amoohs/ \ah umb`w|hs
wanxbl `bt`}w ch xwhl `d`mow| |ah t`bb chamol ` gnbxjo" mo nslhs |n
shghmvh |ah ch`j ns ho|`cb`|xsh tamga m| g`ssmhw/ Ngg`wmno`bb} `
snxol a`bf*gnbxjo ns |ashh*fnxs|aw gnbxjo j`} ch xwhl fns |ah w`jh
uxsunwh mo ub`gh nf |ah umb`w|hs"cx| |amw xwh mw gnju`s`|mvhb} s`sh mo
nbl tnsi/ M| a`w |ah ncvmnxw lmw`lv`o|`dh |a`| mf `o hq`g| a`bf*gnb*
xjo mw xwhl" m| `uuh`sw |n |ah h}h nf bhww wm{h |a`o |ah ho|msh gnbxjow
tamga w|`ol fshh fsnj |ahms wxssnxolmodw" tambh `o} ansm{no|`b gnxswhw
gx||mod mo|n m| a`vh ` |holhog} |n lmvmlh ns gx| nff/m|w `uu`sho| ahmda|
`ol lm`jh|hs/
Unwwmcb} `o mo|mj`|h `ol |ansnxda `gpx`mo|`ogh tm|a ` b`sdh
v`smh|}nf jnxblmod whg|mnow" |ndh|ahs tm|a ` omgh `uushgm`|mno nf |ahms
usnuns|mnow `ol xwh" mw |ah jnw| mjuns|`o| shwxb| fns tamga |ah w|xlho|
g`o anuh fsnj |ah w|xl} nf |ah Nslhsw/ Ghs|`mob} m| mw |ah jnw| |`o*
dmcbh sh|xso" |ah nob} noh |a`| g`o ch gnowmlhshl `w nf dsh`|hs mjuns*
|`ogh chmod `o xognowgmnxw lhvhbnujho| nf |ah whowh nf usnuns|mno
tamga g`oon| f`mb |n shwxb| fsnj `o h`sohw| w|xl} nf |ah nbl hq`jubhw/
@o mo|hbbmdho| `uushgm`|mno nf |ah sh`wnow dnvhsomod |ah v`smnxw usn*
uns|mnow nf gnbxjow `ol |ah lmffhsho| whg|mnow nf jnxblmodw" tmbb shwxb|
mo `o hpx`bb} wxc|mbh whowh nf usnuns|mno mo shd`sl |n |ah nx|bmohw `ol
34<
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 3<8
|ah gnjunwm|mno nf |ah v`smnxw u`s|w nf ` cxmblmod ns dsnxu nf cxmblmodw/
\amw whowh j`} `bwn ch lhvhbnuhl c} ` w|xl} nf |ah amw|ns} nf |ah v`*
smnxw s`ghw `ol cxmblhsw" `ol c} ` iontbhldh nf |ah uxsunwh fns tamga|ah cxmblmodw thsh mo|holhl" nf |ahms gnju`s`|mvh ahmda| `ol wxssnxol*
modw"nf |ah bng`|mno nf |ah Nslhs ns jnxblmodw no |ah cxmblmod `ol
|ah uxsunwhw |ah} thsh mo|holhl |n fxbfmbb/ Mf" mo `llm|mno" |ah w|xlho|
mw `cbh" fsnj |ah gno|s`w| ch|thho |ah hffhg| nf `o} hqhgx|hl jnxblmod
whg|mno `w dmvho |n amw h}h `ol m|w `g|x`b gno|nxs mo |ah whg|mno nx|bmoh"
|n lhlxgh |ah shb`|mno |a`| |ah noh ch`sw |n |ah n|ahs" ah tmbb a`vh dnoh
f`s no |ah sn`l |nt`sl ` j`w|hs} nf `sgam|hg|xsh/
HQ@JMO@\MNO UB@\HW
Mo `llm|mno |n |ah fnbbntmod Hq`jmo`|mno Ub`|hw" |ah w|xlho|
mw hquhg|hl|n j`ih wxga wih|gahw ns ls`tmodw nf |ah lmffhsho|
u`s|wnf |ah Nslhs" fsnj |ah
lhwgsmu|mnow`ol shfhshoghw mo |ah
|hq|" `w tmbb ho`cbh amj |n xolhsw|`ol |ansnxdab} |ah lmffhsho|
u`s|w`ol |ahms dhohs`b
fnsjw `olusnuns|mnow/
\ah fnbbntmod ub`|hw `sh |n ch ls`to nx| |n |ah shpxmshl
wm{hw" `w molmg`|hl mo |ahfnbbntmod whg|mno/ \ah
ub`|hwwanxbl ch
g`shfxbb}`ol |ansnxdab} ls`to nx| mo
uhogmb chfnsh `||hju|mod |n
moi |ahj mo" tm|a |ahhqghu|mno
nf |ah |ashh w|xlmhw jho|mnohl mo
usncbhj 05" tamga j`} ch wxcjm||hl mouhogmb
fns gnsshg|mno" |ah
w|xlho|fmomwamod
|ahj mo moi fns amw ntounwwhwwmno
`| `o} |mjh
`f|hs/ @bb nf |ahb`sdh ub`|hw
`sh |n ch ls`to no ` a`bf*wahh| nf
W|s`|ajnsh wjnn|a*fmomwa ns Ta`|j`o$wan|*ushwwhl ls`tmod
u`uhs" tm|a |ah cnslhs bmoh b`ml nx| |n |ah wm{hdmvho" 03 c} 060
mogahw9 `ol |ah u`uhs wanxbl ch |smjjhl tm|a ` a`bf*moga cnslhs
nx|wmlh nf |amw bmoh" j`imod |ahu`uhs wm{h nf |ah fmomwahl
ub`|h
07 c} 040 mogahw/
\ah jh`wxshjho| fmdxshw dmvhono |ah v`smnxw
ub`|hw j`} ch
njm||hl fsnj |ah ls`tmodw j`lh c} |ah w|xlho|/
\ah |m|bhw nf |ahub`|hw `sh" dhohs`bb} wuh`imod" |n ch bh||hshl
mo |ah w`jh f`wamno `w `sh |ah usmogmu`b ls`tmodw mbbxw|s`|mod |ah
fnshdnmodwhg|mno/ \ah w|xlho| wanxbl fmsw| ch g`shfxb |n
ub`gh
uhogmb dxmlh*bmohw`| |ah |nu
`ol cn||nj nf amw bh||hsw" fns cn|a
g`um|`bw`ol wj`bb bh||hsw/
\ah l`|h" |ah w|xlho|$w o`jh `ol `llshww" `ol |ahub`|h
oxj*
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3<6 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
chs wanxbl ch bh||hshl no h`gaub`|h
mo noh*bmoh bh||hsw" wxga `w `sh
xwhl mo |ah |m|bh nfFmd/
<4/
UB@\H @\a$h w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw `
ub`|h wantmod |ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs/ \amwub`|h
wanxbl ch `s*
s`odhlmo |ah w`jh j`oohs `w Ub`|hw VMM `ol VMMM U`s| M-" `ol
wanxbl want ` Gb`wwmg Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs gnjubh|hmo `bb m|w
u`s|w/
\ah w|xlho| j`} xwh hm|ahs |ah Ax|xb`s ns Lho|mgxb`sw|}bh"
`w ah
j`} hbhg|/
UB@\H C
\ah w|xlho| wanxbl ls`t nx| |ah gnjubh|h Snj`o Lnsmg gnb*
xjo `f|hs |ah j`oohs wanto mo Ub`|h BVMM" cx| hjubn}mod |ah
jh|anl nf lh|hsjmomod |ah ho|`wmw dmvho`| |ah smda|
moFmd/ 0<0"
`ol hjubn}mod |ahg`um|`b
`ol c`wh wanto mo Ub`|h VMMM U`s| M-/
\ah ahmda|nf |ah gnbxjo wanxbl ch
hmda| lm`jh|hsw9 `ol |ah fbx|*
mod"tamga wanxbl ch wanto mo |ah ushvmnxw usncbhj ub`|h" j`}
ahsh ch njm||hl/ \amw gnbxjo wanxbl ch ls`to no u`uhs nf |ah
w`jh ahmda| `w |ah n|ahs ub`|hw" cx| nf jxga o`ssnths tml|a/
UB@\H G
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t ` c`} nf `o `sg`lh" hjubn}mod |ah
Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs" no `ub`|h
nf |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06r mogahw/
Ah wanxbl shfhs |nFmdw/
=1 `ol == fns |ahusnuns|mnow nf |amw
`sg`lh" cx| wanxbl wn `ss`odh amwgnjunwm|mno" |a`|" tm|anx| bnwmod
|ahusnuns|mnow nf |ah `sga nuhomod ns |ah shb`|mnow nf |ah gnbxjo
lm`jh|hs |n m|w ahmda| `ol |n |ah ho|`cb`|xsh" ah j`} }h| njm| |ah
ub`mowhg|mno nf |ah t`bb nggxssmod ch|thho |ah Nslhs ho|`cb`|xsh
`ol |ah `sgamvnb|" j`sihl @ moFmd/
==/ Mo amwls`tmodw"
|ah
gho|hs nf |ah `sga wanxbl ch |ah gho|hs bmoh nf amwu`uhs"
tamga
tmbb ho`cbh amj |n mogbxlh |ah |tn gnbxjow `ol |ahmsumhsw/
Ah
j`} x|mbm{h `o}noh nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhsw wanto mo |ah mbbxw|s`|mnow
nf |amwu`s|/
UB@\H L
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw `
ub`|h wantmod |ah Snj`o Mnomg Nslhs/ \amwub`|h
wanxbl ch `s*
s`odhl mo |ah w`jh j`oohs `w Ub`|h QMV U`s| M-"cx| wanxbl
mbbxw|s`|h |ah Nslhs wanto mo Ub`|h QMMM U`s| M-"`ol wanxbl
want ` gb`wwmg Snj`o Mnomg Nslhs gnjubh|h mo `bb m|wu`s|w/
=4=
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 3<4
UB@\H H
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |ah Snj`o Mnomg gnbxjo fsnj |ah
\hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw" gnjubh|h" `w wanto mo Ub`|h BVM0"
hw|`cbmwamodamw ho|`wmw `f|hs |ah jh|anl wanto mo
Fmd/ 0<0" `w
chfnsh/ \amw gnbxjo wanxbl ch fbx|hl9 `ol |ah w`jh shpxmshjho|w
`w |nahmda|"
wm{h nfu`uhs" h|g/" |a`|
`uubmhl|n Ub`|h C" tmbb `bwn
anbl |sxh nf |amw ls`tmod/
UB@\H F
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw `
ub`|h wantmod|ah
Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs/\amw
ub`|h wanxblch wmjmb`s mo `ss`odhjho| |n Ub`|h QQM U`s| M-"
`ol wanxbl
want ` Gb`wwmg Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs gnjubh|h mo `bb m|wu`s|w/
\ah w|xlho| wanxbl hjubn} fns |amwub`|h
|ah Gb`wwmg Snj`o
Nslhs fsnj |ah hq|hsmns nf |ah U`o|ahno wanto mo Ub`|h BMMM/
UB@\H P
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| `o ho|msh gnbxjo `ol wa`f| nf |ah
Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs" hjubn}mod |ah jh|anl nf lh|hsjmomod
|ah ho|`wmw wanto moFmd/ 0<0/ |mh mw |n |`ih |ah gnbxjo `ol
wa`f| fsnj |ah \hjubh nf @o|nomoxw `ol F`xw|mo` mbbxw|s`|hl mo
Ub`|h BMV/
UB@\H A
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| `| |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06K mogahw |ah
j`mo lnnst`} nf |ah U`o|ahno" wanto mo Ub`|h BVMMM/ Ah j`}njm| |ah jh|`b lnnsw" umb`w|hsw"
`ol |s`ownj tnsi wanto no |amw
ub`|h" mo nslhs |n mogsh`wh |ah wm{h nf amw lnnst`}/ \ah whg|mno
|asnxda |ah ho|`cb`|xsh j`} |aho ch wanto mowmlh nf |ah lnns
nuhomod/
UB@\H K
\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t mowmlh |ah cnslhs nx|bmohw nf 03 c}
06_ mogahw |ah fnbbntmod hq`jubhw nf Snj`o Gb`wwmg nso`jho|;
Mo |ah xuuhs bhf|*a`ol px`s|hs nf amwu`uhs"
ah mw |n ls`t |ah
ho|`cb`|xsh fsnj |ah
\hjubhnf @o|nomoxw `ol
F`xw|mo`9
`ol mo
|ah xuuhs smda|*a`ol gnsohs" |ah ho|`cb`|xsh fsnj |ah \hjubh nf
|ah Wxo" cn|a wanto mo Ub`|h BM]/ Mo |ah bnths bhf|*a`ol gnsohs"
ah mw |n ls`t |ah ho|`cb`|xsh fsnj |ah \hjubh nf ]hw|` `| \mvnbm"
`ol mo |ah bnths smda|*a`ol gnsohs" |ah Gnsmo|am`og`um|`b
`ol
c`wh fsnj |ah w`jh |hjubhwanto mo |ah w`jh ls`tmod Fmd/ 075-/
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3<1 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW
\ah |ashh ho|`cb`|xshw `sh |n ch `bb nf |ah w`jh ahmda|9 `ol |ah
g`um|`b`ol c`wh" fsnj |ah gnbxjo nf |ah \hjubh nf ]hw|`" nf `
wm{h chw| `l`u|hl |n fmbb |ah shj`momod wu`gh/
UB@\H I
\amw usncbhj mw |n gnowmw| nf |ashh ls`tmodw9 cx| |ah} `sh
on| shpxmshl |n ch hb`cns`|hb} fmomwahl/ Mo Ub`|h BM mw wanto `
jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mod ` Snj`o Mnomg Nslhs9 `ol mo Ub`|h BV mw
wanto ` wmjmb`s jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mod |ah Gnsmo|am`o `ol Gnj*
unwm|hNslhsw/ \ah w|xlho| mw |n j`ih |ashh ls`tmodw"
h`ga tm|a
` cnslhs nx|bmoh wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw" hjubn}mod |amw jh|anl
nf gnow|sxg|mno `ol g`ss}modm| |n `
unmo||a`| tmbb
wxffmgmho|b}
want amw `gpx`mo|`ogh tm|a m|w hjubn}jho|/ \ahg`svmod" m| mw
ohghww`s} nob} |n cbngi mo9 `ol |ahwh |ashhub`|hw j`} ch bhf| mo
uhogmb mow|h`l nf chmod moihl mo/
\ah nckhg| nf |amw hq`jmo`|mno usncbhj mw |n+* f`jmbm`sm{h |ah
w|xlho| tm|a |ahwh jh|anlw nfusnuns|mnomod"
tamga `sh wmjubhs
`ol jnsh sh`lmb} gnjushaholhl `ol shjhjchshl |a`o |ah jnshhb`cns`|h #jnlxbhw# `ol #u`s|w# w}w|hjw/
FSHHA@OL HQ@JMO@\MNO WIH\GAHW
\ah w|xlho| mw shpxmshl |n ls`t fshha`ol |ahfnbbntmod
wih|gahw" x|mbm{mod|ah mofnsj`|mno ah a`w nc|`mohl fsnj |ah Ub`|hw
mogbxlhl mo |ah fnshdnmod whg|mno" `ol mw |n chu`s|mgxb`s
|n sho*
lhs |ah ls`tmodw wn `w |n molmg`|h ` gbh`sxolhsw|`olmod nf |ahms
usnuns|mnow `ol nf |ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah g`svmod `ol nso`jho|/\ahwh wih|gahw `sh |n ch b`ml nx| mo
uhswuhg|mvh `w lhwgsmchl
mo |ah fnshdnmod whg|mno no |a`|wxckhg|9 `ol `sh |n `uuh`s taho
gnjubh|h"`w |ah jnlhb
dmvhomo
Fmd/ 005/ @ px`s|hs*wahh| nf |ah
w`jh u`uhs xwhl fns |ah n|ahs hq`jmo`|mnoub`|hw j`} ch hjubn}hl
fns |ahwh wih|gahw/
\ahwhuhswuhg|mvh w|xlmhw `sh |n ch j`lh c} |ah w|xlho| `|
|ah |mjh taho ah mw w|xl}mod |ahwhu`s`|` Nslhsw9 `ol
|ah} wanxbl
`bb |ashh chg`shfxbb} w|xlmhl |ndh|ahs" taho |ah b`w| noh mw gnj*
ubh|hl/ /
UB@\H B
@ wih|ga nf |ah Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs wanto mouhswuhg|mvh
wmjmb`s |nFmd/
005/ \ah nx|bmoh wm{h mw |n ch 1K c} 03 mogahw/
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W\XL] NF \AH NSLHAW 3<D
UB@\H J@ wih|ga" mo
uhswuhg|mvh"nf |ah Snj`o Mnomg Nslhs" xwmod
`o}noh nf |ah
w|}bhw
wanto mo |ah
fnshdnmod whg|mno"
`ol `s*
s`odhl mo |ah w`jh j`oohs `ol `| |ah w`jh wm{h `w mo |ahushghl*
modUb`|h
B-" xwmod Fmd/005 `w ` jnlhb/
UB@\H O
@ wih|ga nf ` Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs" hjubn}mod `o} nf
|ah|}uhw
wanto `ol`ss`odhl
mo |ah w`jh j`oohs `ol `| |ah w`jh
wm{h `w Ub`|hw B `ol J" `cnvh/
34=
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DBNWW@S]
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@ DBNWW@S] NF @SGAM\HG\XS@B \HSJW@OL GB@WWMG@B USNUHS O@JHW
Mo |ah wgahjh nf usnoxogm`|mno" `bb bnod vnthbw `sh j`sihl9 |anwh a`vmod on
px`o|m|} molmg`|hl `sh wans|/
@c`gxw `c$`*ixw-/ \ah wpx`sh ubmo|a ns |`cbh| fnsjmod |ah xuuhs ns gsnto*
mod jhjchs nf |ah g`um|`b nf ` gnbxjo ns umbb`s" wxuuns|mod |ah Gb`wwmg`b
ho|`cb`|xsh/ Whh Fmd/ 60/-
@cx|jho| `*cx|$jho|-/ \ah wnbml j`wnos} gnow|sxg|mno wxuuns|mod h`ga
wmlh nf `o `sga" `ol g`bgxb`|hl |n shwmw| m|w |asxw|/ @ umhs ns cx||shww
cxmb| `d`mow| ` t`bb |n shghmvh ns |s`owjm| ` |asxw|/ Whh Ub`|h QQMQ/-
@g`o|axw `*i`o$|axw-/ @ wumo} ub`o| tanwh bh`f mw xwhl mo gnovho|mno`b*
m{hl fnsj `w ` lhgns`|mno fns g`um|`bw" cs`gih|w" h|g/ Whh Fmd/ 6=/-
@gsnunbmw `*isnu$n*bmw- / \ah xuuhs ns amdahs u`s| nf ` Dshgm`o gm|} 9 ahogh" `
gm|`lhb ns g`w|bh9 dhohs`bb} xwhl tm|a wuhgm`b shfhshogh |n |ah @gsnunbmw
`| @|ahow" gsntohl tm|a |ah U`s|ahono/ Whh Fsno|mwumhgh mbbxw|s`|mno/-
@gsn|hs `i$sn*|hs-" @gsn|hsmxj `i*sn*|h$sm*xj- 9 ubxs`b" @gsn|hsm` `i*sn*|h$*
sm*`-/ @ wj`bb uhlhw|`b ub`ghl no |ah `uhq ns `| |ah c`w`b `odbh nf `
uhlmjho| |n wxuuns| ` w|`|xh ns n|ahs nso`jho|9 ` w|`|xh ns nso`jho|
ub`ghl no wxga ` uhlhw|`b/ Whh Fmd/ <8/-
/fbkdh`o h*kh$`o-/ @ #wh`# ns dxbf nf |ah Jhlm|hss`oh`o" b}mod h`w| nf Dshhgh/
kHdmo` h*km$o`-/ \ah g`um|`b gm|} nf `o mwb`ol nf |ah w`jh o`jh mo |ah KWdh`o
Wh`" gno|`momod ` f`jnxw Dshhi Lnsmg |hjubh nf U`bb`w @|ahoh ns Jmohs*
v`" |ah dnllhww nf tmwlnj `ol t`s/
@dsmdho|xj `d*sm*kho$|xj- / @ gm|} no |ah wnx|a gn`w| nf Wmgmb} |ah jnlhso
Dmsdho|m-" on|hl fns m|w Lnsmg |hjubh nf [hxw `ol j`o} n|ahs Dshhi
w|sxg|xshw l`|mod fsnj chfnsh |ah G`s|a`dmom`o gnopxhw| mo |ah 8|a gho*
|xs} C/ G/
@dsmuu` `*dsmu$u`-/ @ Snj`o dhohs`b" cnso C/ G/ 67" |ah bh`lmod w|`|hwj`o
nf |ah shmdo nf @xdxw|xw/ \ah ushwho| U`o|ahno t`w hshg|hl no |ah wm|h
`ol mo u`s| fsnj |ah j`|hsm`bw nf `o h`sbmhs |hjubh cxmb| c} amj" lhlm*
g`|hl mo 34 C/ G/
@m{`omm*{`o$M-/
@ wj`bb |nto nf
Uas}dm`"@wm`
Jmons" gno|`momodwnjh
h`sb}shj`mow nf Dshhi tnsij`owamu/ Whh Fmd/ 078/-
@isn|hs `i$sn*|hs-/ W`jh `w @gsn|hs/
@bc`om `b*c`$om-/ @ vmbb` oh`s Snjh gno|`momod `o xoxwx`b hq`jubh nf |ah
Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhs/ Whh Fmd/ 004/-
@bchs|! `b*chs$|h-" Bhnoh C`||mw|`/ @ Sho`mww`ogh `sgam|hg| `ol tsm|hs no
`sgam|hg|xsh/
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@jcxb`|ns} `j$cx*b`*|n*sm-/ @ gnvhshl u`ww`dh ns t`bi" dhohs`bb} bng`|hl
kxw| tm|amo |ah j`mo t`bbw nf ` cxmblmod9 ` u`ww`dh `snxol |ah ganms mo
|ah `uwh ns ga`oghb nf ` g`|ahls`b" ns ch|thho |ah gnbxjow `ol t`bbw nf `
gmsgxb`s cxmblmod/ Whh Fmd/ 41/-
@juamusnw|}bh `j*uamu$sn*w|fb-/ Usnvmlhl tm|a ` gnbxjohl uns|mgn `| h`ga
hol/ Whh Fmdw/ 77 `ol 7</-
@juam|ah`|sh `j*fm*|ah$`*|hs-/ @ w|sxg|xsh tanwh ub`o mw b`ml nx| no ` w}w*
|hj nf gxsvhw `snxol ` gho|s`b um| ns `sho`" `ol dhohs`bb} mo|holhl fns
wuhg|`gxb`s uxsunwhw/ Whh Fmd/ 003/-
@ogno `o$ino-/ @ cnww ns usnkhg|mno bhf| no ` cbngi nf j`wnos} |n whsvh `w `
gnownbh ns wj`bb cs`gih|/ \ah vhs|mg`b gnschb wxuuns|mod |ah gnsomgh mo `
Snj`o lnnst`}/ Whh Fmdw/ 071 `ol 07=/-
@ogno` `o*gn$o`-/ @/ |nto no |ah @lsm`|mg Wh`" gno|`momod ` Snj`o wmodbh
`sga mo ` gnju`s`|mvhb} dnnl w|`|h nf ushwhsv`|mno" l`|mod fsnj `cnx|
003 @/ L/" hshg|hl mo anons nf \s`k`o/ \amw `sga mw xompxh fsnj |ah f`g|
|a`| m| g`o ch `uusn`gahl nob} c} `wgholmod ` fbmda| nf w|huw/ Whh
Fmd/ 074/-
@olsno `o$lsno-/ @o nuho wu`gh" gnxs|" ns u`ww`dh mo ` Dshhi cxmblmod9 `bwn
|ah uns|mno nf ` anxwh hwuhgm`bb} `uusnusm`|hl fns j`bhw/
@olsnomgxw G}ssahw|hw `o*lsno$m*ixw wms*sahw$|h{-/ @ W}sm`o j`|ahj`|mgm`o"
chw| ionto `w |ah cxmblhs nf |ah wn*g`bbhl \nths nf |ah Tmolw mo @|ahow/
Whh Fmd/ 43/-
@ooxbh| `o$ox*bh|-/ @ wj`bb fmbbh|" gmsgxb`s mo ub`o `ol xwx`bb} wpx`sh ns
`odxb`s mo whg|mno" xolhs |ah hgamoxw nf |ah Lnsmg g`um|`b/ M| mw `bwn
wnjh|mjhw xwhl `| |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo `ol mo gnoohg|mno tm|a n|ahs
jnxblmodw/ Whh Fmdw/ <0*<<9 `ol 0" 3" 7" <" 8" `ol 6" Ub`|h QQQMQ/-
@o|h `o$|`-/ Ubxs`b" `o|`h/ Dshhi umb`w|hsw" ub`ghl `| |ah holw nf |ah wmlh
t`bbw nf ` |hjubh" fnsjmod |ah gnsohsw" tanwh c`whw" g`um|`bw `ol usnuns*
|mnow lmffhs fsnj |ah `ggnju`o}mod gnbxjow" taho gnbxjow `sh ub`ghl
ch|thho |ahj/ Whh L" Fmd/ 39 `bwn Fmd/ =0/- \ahwh gnbxjow `sh w`ml
|n ch mo `o|mwm/ h/" ch|thho `o|`h/ Whh Ub`|h QQQV" \hjubh nf
Lm`o` Usnu}bwh`/-
@o|hfmq `o$|h*fmiw-/ Ubxs`b" `o|hfmqhw/ Nso`jho|`b cbngiw ub`ghl `| shdxb`s
mo|hsv`bw no |a_ h`vhw ns gnsomghw nf Gb`wwmg cxmblmodw |n gn}hs |ah |hsjm*
o`|mno nf |ah |mbmod smldhw/ Whh Ub`|hw QQQVM `ol B/-
@o|ahjmno `o*|ah$jm*no-/ Wnjh|mjhw g`bbhl #anoh}wxgibh/# @ fbns`b
nso`jho| hjubn}hl dhohs`bb} tm|a |ah `gsn|hsm` |n lhgns`|h Gb`wwmg
fsmh{hw `ol g`um|`b ohgimodw/ Whh Ub`|h QB `ol Fmd/ =3/-
@o|no$oxw `x*|n*ob$oxw-/ @ Snj`o hjuhsns" @/ L/ 071*060/ Whh Ub`|h
BMV/-
@unbbn Lml}j`hxw `*unb$bn lml*m*jh$xw-/ Noh nf |ah j`o} o`jh wxolhs
tamga |ah Nb}jum`o dnl @unbbn t`w ionto/ Mo amw anons t`w cxmb| `
|hjubh oh`s Jmbh|xw mo @wm` Jmons" ` wubholml hq`jubh nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/
Whh Fmd/ 40/-
@unua}dh `*unf$m*kh-/ \ah g`vh||n ns gnog`vh wthhu `| |ah |nu `ol cn||nj
nf wnjh gnbxjo wa`f|w" bh`lmod |n |ah g`um|`b `ol c`wh9 |ah anbbnt ns
wgn|m` choh`|a |ah hgamoxw nf |ah h`sbmhw| Lnsmg g`um|`bw" bh`lmod |n |ah
wa`f|/ Whh Fmdw/ 033" 036" `ol 031/-
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@uwh `uw-/ \ah gxsvhl ns `odxb`s `ol v`xb|hl hol nf ` gaxsga" c`gi nf |ah
`b|`s/
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fns t`|hs *fsnj noh lmw|`o| unmo| |n `on|ahs/ Mo gsnwwmod ` v`bbh}" m|
dhohs`bb}gnowmw|w nf ` whsmhw nf `sgahw
shw|modno
umhsw/ Whh Fmd/ 050/-
@s`hnw|}bh `*sh$6*w|mb-/ @o `ss`odhjho| nf gnbxjow a`vmod fnxs lm`jh|hs
wu`ghw" ns jnsh |a`o |ashh" ch|thho |ahms wa`f|w" gho|hs |n gho|hs/ Whh
Fmd/ 0=/-
@sg`lh `s*i`l$-/ @ gno|moxnxw whsmhw nf `sgahw shw|mod hm|ahs no umhsw ns
gnbxjow/ Whh Fmdw/ 30 `ol 050/-
@sga `sga-/ @ jhjchs" xwx`bb} g`svhl" wu`oomod `o nuhomod mo ` t`bb ns gnb*
noo`lh" `ol wxuuns|mod |ah t`bb ns n|ahs jhjchsw `cnvh |ah nuhomod/
Whh Fmdw/ < `ol 07<-/ Mo |ah #fb`| `sga"# |ah whu`s`|h u`s|w nf tamga m|
mw gnjunwhl `sh wn wa`uhl `w |n wxuuns| noh `on|ahs tm|anx| smwmod |n `
gxsvh/
@sgam|s`vh `s$im*|s`v-/ `- \ah bnths lmvmwmno nf ` Gb`wwmg ho|`cb`|xsh9 |a`|
jhjchs tamga shw|w mjjhlm`|hb} xuno |ah gnbxjo g`um|`b `ol wxuuns|w
|anwh uns|mnow nf |ah w|sxg|xsh tamga `sh `cnvh m|/ Whh Fmd/ 7/- fh- \ah
nso`jho|`b jnxblmod sxoomod `snxol |ah hq|s`lnw nf `o `sga/ @bwn
g`bbhl @sgamvnb|/ Whh Fmd/ </- g- Wnjh|mjhw" bhww usnuhsb}" |ah jnxbl*
hl hosmgajho|w no |ah f`gh nf |ah k`jcw `ol bmo|hbw nf ` lnns" tmolnt" ns
n|ahs nuhomod/ @bwn g`bbhl @o|hu`djho|/ Whh Fmdw/ 1< `ol =8/-
@sgamvnb| `s$im*vnb|-/ \ah whsmhw nf jnxblmodw no |ah f`gh nf `o `sga fnbbnt*
mod |ah gno|nxs nf |ah hq|s`lnw" `ol holmod xuno |ah mjunw|w/ Whh
Fmd/ </-
@sgat`} `sga$t`-/ @ t`} ns u`ww`dh xolhs `o `sga/ Whh Fmd/ </-
@smhw `sb-/ @ gm|} nf wnx|ahso Fs`ogh" ghbhcs`|hl fns m|w j`o} Snj`o
shj`mow/
@ssmw `s$mw-/ \ah usnkhg|mod `odbh ns hldh fnsjhl c} |ah jhh|mod nf |tn wxs*
f`ghw9 u`s|mgxb`sb} |ah hldhw nf jnxblmodw" `ol |ah wa`su hldhw ch|thho
`lk`gho| ga`oohbw mo |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo/ Whh C" G" `ol L" Fmd/ <=/-
@s|hjmw `s$|h*jmw-/ Dshhi o`jh nf |ah Snj`o dnllhww Lm`o`/ L`xda|hs
nf [hxw `ol B`|no`" `ol |tmo wmw|hs nf @unbbn/ Cnso no |ah mwb`ol nfLhbnw/ Noh nf |ah h`sbmhw| mow|`oghw nf |ah xwh nf |ah Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs
whhjw |n a`vh chho no ` |hjubh `| Huahwxw lhlmg`|hl |n |amw dnllhww/
@wwmwm `w*wh$wh-/ @ gm|} mo gho|s`b M|`b} gno|`momod whvhs`b Snj`o sxmow" mo*
gbxlmod ` Gnsmo|am`o |hjubh |n Jmohsv` chbnodmod |n |ah @xdxw|`o hs`/
@w|s`d`b `w$|s`*d`b-/ @ wj`bb" gnovhq jnxblmod" dhohs`bb} nso`jho|hl ns gx|
mo|n |ah fnsj nf ` w|smod nf ch`lw/ Xwhl mo Gb`wwmg `sgam|hg|xsh" hwuh*
gm`bb} mo gnoohg|mno tm|a |ah hdd*`ol*l`s| jnxblmod" `ol ch|thho |ah
f`ghw nf |ah lmffhsho| usnkhg|mnow nf |ah Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o `sgam|s`vhw/
Whh @ `ol D" Ub`|h QB" `ol Ub`|h QBMMM/-
@w|}b`s `*w|m$b`s-/ @ Gb`wwmg w|}bh nf cxmblmod tm|anx| gnbxjow" wxcw|m|x|mod
mo |ahms ub`gh ` ub`mo t`bb/
@|b`o|hw `|*b`o$|h{-/ Fmdxshw ns u`s|m`b fmdxshw nf jho xwhl mo |ah ub`gh nf
gnbxjow ns umb`w|hsw |n wxuuns| `o ho|`cb`|xsh9 `bwn g`bbhl |hb`jnohw/
Taho fhj`bh fmdxshw `sh xwhl" |ah} `sh g`bbhl g`s}`|mlw ns g`s}`|mlhw/
31<
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@||mg `|$mi-/ \ah xuuhs u`s| nf ` cxmblmod/ @ w|ns} `uuh`smod mo |ah f`d`lh
nf ` cxmblmod `cnvh |ah gnsomgh `ol ho|`cb`|xsh/ Wnjh|mjhw `uubmhl |n
|a`| uns|mno nf ` |smxjua`b `sgat`} `cnvh |ah gnsomgh `ol chbnt |ah
gsntomod jhjchs" `w mo |ah @sga nf \s`k`o `| @ogno`/ Whh Fmd/ 074/-
@||mg `|$mi-/ @|ahom`o/
@||mg C`wh/ @ c`wh" usnuhsb} xwhl tm|a |ah Mnomg nslhs" gnowmw|mod nf `o xuuhs
|nsxw" ` wgn|m`" `ol ` bnths |nsxw" whu`s`|hl c} fmbbh|w/ Whh @" Fmd/ 84/-
@xlm|nsmxj `x*lm*|n$ sm*xj-/ \a`| uns|mno nf ` uxcbmg a`bb nf `wwhjcb`dh mo*
|holhl fns wuhg|`|nsw/
@xdxw|xw `x*dxw$|xw-/ Noh nf |ah Snj`o hjuhsnsw" C/ G/ 34 |n @/ L/ 0</
Lxsmod amw shmdo thsh cxmb| |ah U`o|ahno `| Snjh `ol n|ahs thbb*ionto
`sgam|hg|xs`b w|sxg|xshw" mogbxlmod |tn |hjubhw nf Vhw|`" noh mo |ah Sn*
j`o Fnsxj `ol noh `| \mvnbm/
@xshbm`o `x*sh$bm*`o-/ Noh nf |ah Snj`o hjuhsnsw" 345*348 @/ L/ Ahcxmb| |ah \hjubh nf |ah Wxo no |ah Pxmsmo`b Ambb/
@qmw `i$wmw-/ \ah gho|hs bmoh nf `o nckhg| ns w|sxg|xsh `w whho mo ub`o ns mo
hbhv`|mno9` w|s`mda| bmoh lmvmlmod ` cnl} mo|n |tn hpx`b u`s|w/ Whh Fmdw/
68 `ol 66/-
C
C`bxw|s`lh c`b*xw*|s`l$-/ @ s`mbmod ns t`bb tm|a xuuhs s`mb ns gnumod wxu*
uns|hl c} c`bxw|hsw/ Whh G" Ub`|h QQQMV/-C`ol c`ol-/ @ fb`| jhjchs ns jnxblmod nf wj`bb usnkhg|mno/ Whh Fmd/ 60/-
C`wh c`w-/ \ah u`s| nf ` gnbxjo ch|thho |ah xuuhs u`s| nf |ah uhlhw|`b `ol
|ah cn||nj nf |ah wa`f|9 ns" mf |ahsh mw on uhlhw|`b" ch|thho |ah cn||nj nf
|ah gnbxjo*wa`f| `ol |ah ubmo|a9 |ah bnths usnkhg|mod u`s| nf |ah t`bb nf
` snnj" gnowmw|mod nf ` ubmo|a `ol m|w jnxblmodw/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 `ol <9`bwn
Fmdw/ 84" 60" 000" 033" `ol 036/-
C`wmbmg` c`*wmb$m*i`-/ @ Snj`o A`bb nf Kxw|mgh" tanwh dhohs`b ub`o t`w `f|hs*
t`slw `lnu|hl `w |ah fnsj nf |ah h`sb} Gasmw|m`o gaxsga/
C`wmbmg`Kxbm` c`*wmb$m*i` k$nn$bm*`-/
\ah|hjubh
mo |ah gho|hs nf |ahFnsxj
Kxbmxj" |ah fmsw| nf |ah wj`bbhs Snj`o Fnsxjw" gnow|sxg|hl c} Kxbmxw
G`hw`s mo anons nf amw tmfh/ Whh Fmd/ 0<5/-
C`ww`h c`w$wh-/ @ |nto mo @sg`lm`" Dshhgh" oh`s Uamd`bm`" on|hl fns |ah
Lnsmg `ol Mnomg \hjubh nf @unbbn" tamga ohq| |n |ah \ahwhxj `| @|ahow
mw |ah jnw| gnjubh|hb} ushwhsvhl wuhgmjho nf Gb`wwmg Dshhi `s|/
C`|no c`$|no-/ \ah w|hj ns t`ol wxuuns|mod |ah g`xbmgxbm wj`bb wgsnbbw `ol
bh`vhw- nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`b/ Whh Ub`|h QVM -
C`||hs c`|$|hs-/ @ c`git`sl ns shghlmod wbnuh mo |ah f`gh nf ` t`bb `w m|
smwhw/
Ch`l chl-/ @ wj`bb" a`bf*snxol jnxblmod/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Ch`l*`ol*Shhb chl*`ol*shb-/ @ jxga*xwhl lhgns`|mvh jnxblmod gnowmw|mod
nf ` wj`bb wuahsh `ol noh ns |tn gmsgxb`s lmwgw" shuh`|hl9 xwhl nob} |n
nso`jho| ` wj`bb ch`l jnxblmod/ Whh @ `ol G" Ub`|h QB/-
Ch`i*jnxblmod chi*jnbl$mod-/ @ jnxblmod tm|a ` lntot`sl usnk$hg|mod
u`s| no m|w hq|hsmns hldh |ah tanbh nx|bmoh wnjhta`| shwhjcbmod ` cmsl$w
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ch`i |n j`ih ` lsmu fns s`mo t`|hs `ol ushvho| m| fsnj tnsimod c`gi
`d`mow| |ah f`gh nf |ah t`bb choh`|a/ Whh J" Fmd/ <6/-
Chbb*wa`uhl chb$*wa`u|-/ Mo |ah fnsj nf ` chbb9 fb`smod/ Whh Fmd/ 47/-
Chbb}chb$m-/ \ah wbmda| wthbb" ns mogsh`wh mo lm`jh|hs" tamga wnjh|mjhw ng*
gxsw ch|thho |ah c`wh `ol ohgi nf ` gnbxjo/ M| j`} shfhs |n |a`| u`s|
oh`s |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo tahsh m|w lm`jh|hs chgnjhw dsh`|hs |a`o `|
|ah c`wh/ Whh `| #Wa`f|"# Fmd/ 60/-
Chb| gnxswh chb| insw-/ @ gnxswh nf w|noh ns jnxblhl tnsi g`ssmhl `| |ah
w`jh bhvhb `gsnww ns `snxol ` cxmblmod/ Whh F" Fmd/ 3/-
Chom*A`ww`o c`$oh*a`w$w`o- / @ vmbb`dh no |ah Ombh" oh`s tamga `sh whvhs`b `o*
gmho| sngi*gx| |njcw l`|mod fsnj `cnx| 7555 C/ G/
Chohvho|xj cho*h*vho$|xj/- @o mob`ol |nto nf M|`b}" ons|ah`w| nf O`ubhw"
tahsh |ahsh mw `o `sga nf l`|h 00< @/ L/ hshg|hl mo anons nf \s`k`o/
Cnww cnw-/ @ usnkhg|mod nso`jho|" ub`ghl `| |ah mo|hswhg|mnow nf |ah smcw ns
dsnmow mo v`xb|hl ns fb`| snnfw ns ghmbmodw" `ol mo n|ahs wm|x`|mnow/ Whh mo
lnnst`}" Ub`|h BVMMM/-
Cnxolmod t`bb/ @ t`bb hogbnwmod `o} `sh` ns lhfmomod ` cnxol`s}/
Cs`gih| cs`i$h|- / @o nso`jho|`b usnkhg|mno dhohs`bb} nf u`s|m`bb} snxolhl
nx|bmoh mo|holhl |n wxuuns| ` w|`|xh" umhs" gnsomgh" h|g9 ` gnschb/ Whh
Fmdw/ 077 `ol 07=/-
G`cbh i`$c$b- / @ wj`bb" s`mwhl jnxblmod nf snxolhl whg|mno" j`lh |n shwhjcbh
|ah wums`b |tmw| nf ` snuh9 xwhl fns nso`jho|mod |ah ub`mo wxsf`ghw nf
fmbbh|w" ns |ah fxssntw nf fbx|modw9 taho xwhl no ` gnbxjo" |amw jh|anl nf
lhgns`|mno mw |hsjhl g`cbmod/
G`mwwno i`w$wno-/ @ lhhu u`ohb ns gnffhs mo ` ghmbmod ns wnffm|/ Whh Ub`|hw
QQQ `ol QQQM9 `bwn Fmd/ 057/-
G`b}q i`$bmiw-/ \ah nx|hs gnvhsmod nf ` g`svhl fbnths nso`jho|/ Whh Ub`|h
QV/-
G`ju`ombh i`ju$`*jb-/@ chbb
|nths" hwuhgm`bb}
noh cxmbfh
whu`s`|h
fsnj `
gaxsga/ Whh Ub`|h QQVM/-#
G`o`bw i`*o`b{$-/ \ah o`jh wnjh|mjhw dmvho |n |ah ga`oohbw mo |ah Lnsmg
|smdb}ua/ Whh Fmd/ 4/-
G`o`bmw i`*o`$bmw- / \ah wu`gh hogbnwhl ch|thho |ah fmbbh|w nf |ah Mnomg vnbx|h"
gnovhq mo whg|mno mo h`sb} tnsi9 `ol b`|hs" gnog`vh/ Whh Ub`|h QBMM/-
G`o|hl i`o$|hl-/ Wh| `| `o `odbh9 |mb|hl ns jnvhl fsnj ` ansm{no|`b bmoh/
Whh vnbx|h mo/ Fmd/ 035/-
G`u i`u-/ @ |nu ns gsntomod jhjchs" ns whsmhw nf jhjchsw `w |ah g`um|`b
nf ` gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/ 7/-
G`um|`b i`u$m*|`b-/ \ah xuuhsjnw| u`s| nf ` gnbxjo" umbb`s" ns umb`w|hs" tamga
whsvhw `w ` gsnto |n |ah wa`f|" `ol nggxsw ch|thho m| `ol |ah ho|`cb`|xsh
ns n|ahs xuuhs uns|mnow nf |ah w|sxg|xsh/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 `ol 38/-
G`um|nbmoh i`u$m*|n*bj-/ \ah o`jh dmvho |n noh nf |ah whvho ambbw no tamga
Snjh t`w cxmb|" wm|x`|hl `| |ah hol nf |ah Fnsxj9 xuno m| t`w cxmb| |ah
G`um|nb/
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G`s}`|ml i`s*m*`|$ml-/ Ubxs`b" G`s}`|mlhw/ @ fh|o`bh fmdxsh whsvmod `w `
gnbxjo |n wxuuns| `o ho|`cb`|xsh" ns xwhl mo ub`gh nf ` gnbxjo xolhs `o}n|ahs wmjmb`s gnolm|mnow/ Whh Fmdw/ 15 `ol 10/- Gnsshwunolmod j`bh
fmdxshw `sh g`bbhl @|b`o|hw/
G`w|ns `ol Unbbxq i`w$|ns `ol unb$bxiw- / \tn Dshhi lhm|mhw mo tanwh anonst`w hshg|hl ` |hjubh `| Gns`/
G`|hbbxw i`*|hb$bxw- / @ Snj`o bh`lhs" xolhs tanwh lmshg|mno |ah \`cxb`smxj
mo Snjh t`w cxmb|/
G`|ah|xw i`|a$h*|xw-/ \ah vhs|mg`b bmoh ls`to |asnxda |ah h}h `ol vnbx|h nf
|ah Mnomg g`um|`b" xuno tamga mw c`whl |ah dhnjh|smg`b jh|anl nf b`}mod
nx| |ah wums`b/ Whh Fmd/ 00/-
G`xbmgxbxw i`x*bmi$x*bxw-/ Ubxs`b" G`xbmgxbm/ \ah vnbx|hw ns wj`bb w|`biw
xolhs |ah fbnths no |ah `c`gxw mo |ah Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`b/ @bwn wnjh*
|mjhw g`bbhl Ahbmghw ubxs`b nf Ahbmq-/ Whh Ub`|hw QV `ol QVM/-G`vh||n i`*vh|$6-/ @ anbbnthl*nx| ns gnog`vh jnxblmod/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Ghbb` whb$`-/ \ah snnj ns ga`jchs gno|`momod |ah mj`dh nf |ah Lhm|}" tamga
fnsjhl |ah oxgbhxw nf `o `ogmho| Dshhi ns Snj`o |hjubh" `w lmw|mo*
dxmwahl fsnj |ah `llm|mno`b snnjw nf|ho gnjcmohl tm|a m| |n fnsj |ah
gnjubh|h |hjubh/ Whh Fmdw/ 77" 7<" `ol 64/-
Ga`oohb ga`o$hb-/ `- Noh nf ` whsmhw nf dsnnvhw" xwx`bb} vhs|mg`b `ol nf
hbbmu|mg`b whg|mno" whu`s`|hl c} wa`su hldhw ns `ssmwhw" `ol fnsjmod ` ga`s*
`g|hsmw|mg fh`|xsh nf |ah wa`f| nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs/ \ah ga`oohb mw
|n ch lmw|modxmwahl fsnj |ah fbx|h" nf tamga |ah whg|mno mw `o `sg nf ` gmsgbh/
Whh Fmd/ <=/- 6- \ah V*wxoi mogmwmno nggxssmod mo |ah f`gh nf |ah Lnsmg
|smdb}ua/ Whh Fmd/ 4/-
Ga`jchsw ga`j$chs{-" Wms Tmbbm`j/ @o Hodbmwa `sgam|hg| `ol tsm|hs no
`sgam|hg|xsh" chbnodmod |n |ah hol nf |ah Hodbmwa Sho`mww`ogh uhsmnl/
Ga`jfhs ga`j$fhs-/ @ wbnuh ns chvhb dhohs`bb} shfhssmod |n `o}|amod nsm*
dmo`bb} smda|*`odbhl" `w ` wpx`sh gnsohs" gx| `t`} wn `w |n j`ih `o `odbh
tm|a |ah wmlhw |a`| fnsj m|/ Whh C" Fmdw/ <4 `ol <1/-
Gahoh`x wa`$on-/ @ gshw|mod ns nso`jho|`b jn|mvh no |ah xuuhs u`s| nf `
gnsomgh/ \ah dx||hs" `ol `bwn |ah usnkhg|mod umuh |n g`ss} `t`} t`|hs
fsnj |ah dx||hs/ Whh Ub`|h B/-
Gans`dmg in*s`k$mi-/ Uhs|`momod |n" ns mo anons nf" ` gans`dxw/ Whh Fmdw/ 48"
46" `ol 44" `ol Ub`|h QBMQ/-
Gans`dxw in*s`$dxw-/ \ah Dshhi |m|bh dmvho |n |ah wxuhsmo|holho| nf ` jxwm*
g`b ns |ah`|smg`b ho|hs|`mojho|" tan usnvmlhl ` gansxw `| amw nto hq*
uhowh/
Gb`wwmg ib`w$mi-/ Shb`|mod |n `ogmho| Dshhi `ol Snj`o tnsi `w hq`jubhw nf
`sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah fmsw| s`oi ns hw|mj`|mno" tamga `sh w|mbb w|xlmhl `w |ah
chw| jnlhbw nf fmoh cxmblmod/ Hw|`cbmwahl c} gxw|nj `ol ushghlho| `w `
jnlhb ahogh gnsshg|9 uxsh9 `ol" wnjh|mjhw" gnblb} uhsfhg|/
Gbhuw}ls` ibhu$wm*ls`- / @ t`|hs gbngi" ` gno|smv`ogh xwhl `ogmho|b} fns
|hbbmod |mjh c} |ah ds`lx`b" jh`wxshl lmwga`sdh nf t`|hs fsnj ` wj`bb
`uhs|xsh" |ah fbnt fns ` dmvho xom| nf |mjh chmod fmsw| lh|hsjmohl/
Gbh`sw|ns} ibhs$w|n*sm-/ \ah xuuhs w|ns} nf ` gaxsga" uhsfns`|hl tm|a tmo*
lntw fnsjmod gamhf wnxsgh nf bmda| fns gho|s`b uns|mnow nf |ah cxmblmod/ M|
314
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w|`olw `cnvh |ah |smfnsmxj ns cbmol w|ns}" tahsh wxga mw ushwho|/ Wuhbbhl
`bwn Gbhshw|ns}/
Gbnmw|hs ibnmw$|hs-/ \ah gnvhshl u`ww`dht`} gnoohg|mod ` g`|ahls`b `ol
ga`u|hs anxwh" ns sxoomod `snxol ` gnxs|}`sl/
Gnffhs inf$hs-/ @ wxoi u`ohb ns gnju`s|jho| nf `o nso`jho|`b ga`s`g|hs
mo ` ghmbmod ns wnffm|9 dhohs`bb} hosmgahl tm|a jnxblmodw" `ol a`vmod `
snwh" w|`s" ns n|ahs nso`jho| mo |ah gho|hs/ Whh Fmd/ 0</-
Gnbb`smon inb*`*sh$on- / \ah ohgimod nf |ah Lnsmg ns Mnomg gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/
05 `ol Ub`|h QBMMM/-
Gnbnwwhxj inb*n*wh$*xj-/ @ ghbhcs`|hl `juam|ah`|hs `| Snjh/ T`w gnj*
jhoghl 43 @/ L/ c} Vhwu`wm`o" gno|moxhl c} \m|xw" `ol fmo`bb} lhlm*
g`|hl c} Lnjm|m`o mo 13 @/ L/ Wnjh|mjhw wuhbbhl Gnbmwhxj/ Whh Fmd/
003/-
Gnbnoo`lh inb*n*o`l$- / @ snt nf gnoohg|hl gnbxjow ub`ghl `| shdxb`s mo|hs*
v`bw/ Whh Ub`|h QQV/-
Gnbxjo inb$xj-/ @ u`s| nf |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhs whh Fmd/ 7-/ @ wnbml" vhs|mg`b
cnl} nf dsh`|hs ahmda| |a`o |amgiohww" dhohs`bb} whsvmod `w ` wxuuns|/ @
g}bmolsmg`b ns wbmda|b} |`uhsmod cnl} wh| vhs|mg`bb} xuno ` w|}bnc`|h" `ol
wxsjnxo|hl c} ` wush`lmod j`ww tamga fnsjw m|w g`um|`b/
Gnbxjom`|mno in*bxj$om*`*|mno- / @o `ss`odhjho| nf gnbxjow tahsh |ahms
ub`gmod `ol shb`|mno |n h`ga n|ahs fnsj ` usmogmu`b fh`|xsh nf ` lhwmdo/
Gnju`s`|mvh inj*u`s$`*|mv-/ Mo usnuns|mno ns mo shb`|mno |n `on|ahs jhj*
chs ns u`s|/
Gnjunwm|h inj*un{$m|-/ \ah o`jh nf |ah b`w| nf |ah fmvh Nslhsw" `ol ` #gnj*
unwm|h# nf |ahj `bb" |ah usnuns|mnow chmod cnssnthl fsnj |ah Gnsmo|am`o"
tambh |ah g`um|`b tamga ga`s`g|hsm{hw m| mw gnjunwhl fsnj |anwh nf |ah
n|ahs Nslhsw" cnssntmod ` px`s|hs*snxol fsnj |ah \xwg`o ns Snj`o
Lnsmg" |ah bh`f`dh fsnj |ah Gnsmo|am`o" `ol vnbx|hw fsnj |ah Mnomg Nslhs/
Whh Fmd/ 04/-
Gnognsl ino$insl-/ `- \ah o`jh nf noh nf |ah usmogmu`b Dshhi Lnsmg |hj*
ubhw nf @dsmdho|xj/ 6- @ Gnsmo|am`o |hjubh mo Snjh nf l`|h `cnx|
4 C/ G/" chbnodmod |n |ah @xdxw|`o uhsmnl/
Gnodh ino${a`-/ @ jnxblmod mo |ah fnsj nf ` px`s|hs*anbbnt ns ` g`vh||n9
`o `unua}dh/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Gnow|`o|moh ino$w|`o*|j-/ Noh nf |ah hjuhsnsw nf |ah H`w| @/ L/ 343*774-"
`f|hs tanj mw o`jhl ` Gnsmo|am`o |smxjua`b `sga mo |ah Snj`o Fnsxj/
Whh Fmd/ 076/-
Gnownbh ino$wnb-/ @ wxuuns|mod cs`gih|" dhohs`bb} dsh`|hs mo ahmda| |a`o m|w
usnkhg|mno/ Whh Fmdw/ 07 `ol 06/-
Gno|nxs ino$|nns-/ \ah nx|bmoh nf |ah f`gh ns wxsf`gh nf ` jnxblmod ns usn*
khg|mod fh`|xsh nf `o} wns|9 |ah gnofmdxs`|mno nf |ah wxsf`gh nf |ah dsnxol
ns b`olwg`uh/ Whh Ub`|h QQQMQ/-
Gnumod in$umod-/ \ah g`uumod ns gnvhsmod nf ` t`bb" xwx`bb} usnkhg|mod nvhs
m|" `ol chvhbhl |n |asnt nff t`|hs/
Gns` in$s`-/ @ gm|} mo wnx|ahso M|`b} |ah jnlhso Gnsm-" gno|`momod `o hq*
`jubh nf ` shg|`odxb`s Snj`o Lnsmg |hjubh nf xoxwx`b ds`gh `ol `s|mw|mg
fhhbmod" l`|mod fsnj `cnx| 15 C/ G/ Whh Fmdw/ 05= `ol 071/-
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DBNWW@S] 38=
Gnschb ins$chb-/ @ usnkhg|mod cbngi nf w|noh" ns ` whsmhw nf csmgiw ns w|nohw
wh| nx| noh nvhs `on|ahs |n fnsj ` cs`gih| ns |n wxuuns| `o nvhsa`odmod
jhjchs nf t`bb/ Whh Fmd/ =4/-
Gnsmo|a in$smo|a-/ @ gm|} nf Dshhgh wm|x`|hl no |ah mw|ajxw nf Gnsmo|a" f`*
jnxw fns m|w h`sb} Dshhi Lnsmg |hjubhw/
Gnsomgh ins$omw-/ @o} jnxblhl usnkhg|mno tamga gsntow ns fmomwahw |ah nc*
khg| |n tamga m| mw `ffmqhl9 |ah xuuhsjnw| lmvmwmno nf `o ho|`cb`|xsh/
Whh Fmd/ 7/-
Gnsmo|am`o in*smo$|am*`o- / \ah jnw| nso`|h `ol wbholhs mo$ m|w usnuns|mnow
nf |ah |ashh j`mo Gb`wwmg Nslhsw/ Whh Fmdw/ 85 `ol 031/-
Gnsno` in*sn$o`-/ \ah usnkhg|mod" gsntomod jhjchs nf ` gnsomgh" wm|x`|hl
`cnvh |ah chl*jnxblmod/ Whh u`dh 051/-
Gnwwx|mxw gnw*wx$wam*xw-/ @ Snj`o `sgam|hg|" tan usnc`cb} lhwmdohl |ahg`um|`bw mo |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @|ahow/
Gnxubhl ixu$bl-/ Bmoihl |ndh|ahs/ #Gnxubhl gnbxjow# `sh `ss`odhl mo
u`msw" tm|a |ahms c`whw `ol g`um|`bw |nxgamod" `ol tm|a ` gnsshwunolmodb}
tmlhs wu`o ch|thho |ah dsnxuhl u`msw/ Whh Fmdw/ 0= `ol 35/-
Gnvh inv-/ @ g`vh||n" ns gnog`vh jnxblmod9 ` jhjchs tanwh whg|mno mw `
gnog`vh gxsvh/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Gshw|mod ishw$|mod-/ @o nso`jho|`b fmomwa |n ` t`bb ns smldh/ \ah xuuhs
jhjchs nf ` gnsomgh ns smldh" dhohs`bb} mo|holhl |n ch lhgns`|mvh mo ga`s*
`g|hs/ Whh Ub`|h B/-
Gsntomod isnx$omod-/ Fmomwamod `| |ah |nu/ \ah xuuhs jhjchs nf ` gns*
omgh ns n|ahs `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsj/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Gxunb` ix$u8*b`-/ @ wj`bb v`xb|hl w|sxg|xsh `ffmqhl |n |ah snnf nf ` cxmblmod"
dhohs`bb} ahjmwuahsmg`b ns gxsvmbmoh`s mo nx|bmoh" gnvhsmod ` gmsgxb`s ns
unb}dno`b `sh`" `ol wxuuns|hl hm|ahs xuno fnxs `sgahw ns xuno wnbml
t`bbw/
Gxsvmbmoh`s ixs*vm*bmo$h*`s- / Cnxolhl c} gxsvhl bmohw/
Gxwu ixwu- \ah mo|hswhg|mod unmo| nf |ah wj`bb `sgw lhgns`|mod |ah mo|hso`b
gxsvhw nf Dn|amg fnmbw9 `bwn |ah fmdxsh fnsjhl c} |ah mo|hswhg|mno nf wxga
`sgw/
G}gbnuh`o wm*ibn*uh$`o-/ Uhs|`momod |n |ah G}gbnuw" ` f`cbhl s`gh nf dm`o|w9
|ahshfnsh" b`sdh mo wg`bh `ol j`wwmvh mo wm{h/
G}bmolsmg`b wm*bmo$lsm*i`b- / A`vmod |ah fnsj nf ` g}bmolhs9 |ah |hsj mw `bwn
`uubmhl |n ` whg|mno a`vmod `o hq|holhl gnovhq wxsf`gh/
G}j` wm$j`-/ @ jnxblmod tanwh whg|mno mw ` lnxcbh gxsvh ns t`vh*bmih mo
fnsj/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
G}j`shg|`
wm$j` shi$|`-/@g}j`
tanwh whg|mno mw anbbnt mo m|w
xuuhs u`s|`ol wthbbmod chbnt/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
G}j` shvhsw` wm$j` sh*vhs$w`-/ @ g}j` nf whg|mno wthbbmod `cnvh `ol anbbnt
chbnt9 w`jh `w ndhh/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
G}j`|mxj wm*j`$wam*xj-/ @ gsntomod jnxblmod gnjunwhl nf |ah g}j`/
Whh Ub`|h MQ/-
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365 DBNWW@S]
L
L`ln l`$ln-/ \ah lmh" ns |ah wpx`sh ns shg|`odxb`s mo|hsjhlm`|h u`s|" nf |ah
uhlhw|`b |n ` gnbxjo" bng`|hl ch|thho |ah c`wh `ol |ah gnsomgh9 `bwn"
|a`| u`s|nf `
w|s`mda| umb`w|hsch|thho |ah
ubmo|a`ol |ah
mjunw|jnxbl*
mod9 `bwn" |ah fmomwamod nf |ah bnths u`s| nf |ah t`bbw mo |ah mo|hsmns nf `
anxwh/ Whh Fmd 7/-
L`uaomw l`f$omw- / @ Dshhi `sgam|hg| nf Jmbh|xw/
Lhg`w|}bh lhi`$w|fb-/ A`vmod |ho gnbxjow mo fsno|" ns gnowmw|mod nf |ho
gnbxjow/
Lhdshh lh*dshN / `- @ w}ono}jnxw |hsj fns #u`s|# xwhl mo |ah jh`wxshjho|
`ol usnuns|mnomod nf |ah Nslhsw/ 6- @ usnuns|mno`b u`s| nf `o `sg nf `
gmsgbh/
Lhbnwlh$bnw-/
@o mwb`ol nf |ah
KLdh`o Wh`"ghbhcs`|hl fns m|w Dshhi Lnsmg
\hjubh nf @unbbn/
Lhjh|hs lh*jh$|hs- / Dnllhww nf `dsmgxb|xsh 9|ah Snj`o Ghshw/ @| U`hw|xj
`ol `| Hbhxwmw |ahsh `sh shj`mow nf |hjubhw lhlmg`|hl |n ahs/
Lho|mgxb`s lho*|mi$x*b`s-/ Gno|`momod lho|mbw9 taho `uubmhl |n `o Nslhs"
gno|`momod ` gnxswh nf wj`bb shg|`odxb`s cbngiw mo |ah gnsomgh/ Whh Ub`|h
MV `ol Fmd/ 005/-
Lho|mb lho$|mb-/ Noh nf |ah whsmhw nf wj`bb gxchw mo|n tamga |ah wpx`sh jhj*
chs mo |ah chl*jnxblmod nf `o Mnomg" ` Gnsmo|am`o" ` Gnjunwm|h" ns" ngg`*
wmno`bb}" ` Snj`o Lnsmg gnsomgh mw gx|/ Whh Ub`|h MV `ol Fmd/ 005/-
Lh|`mb lh$|`b-/ Hob`sdhl uns|mno" ` whg|mno ns u`s| nf ` ub`o ns hbhv`|mno"
xwx`bb} ls`to `| b`sdh wg`bh fns |ah xwh nf |ah tnsijho/
Lm`dno`b lm*`d$n*o`b- / @ w|s`mda| bmoh ls`to fsnj nuunwm|h `odbhw" lmvmlmod
` fmdxsh mo|n |tn `odxb`s u`s|w/
Lm`jh|hs lb*`j$h*|hs-/ \ah lmw|`ogh |asnxda |ah wa`f| nf ` gnbxjo fsnj
wmlh |n wmlh9 dhohs`bb} shfhssmod |n |ah b`|hs`b lmw|`ogh |asnxda |ah bnths
u`s| nf ` wa`f| mjjhlm`|hb} `cnvh |ah c`wh jnxblmod/
Lm`o` Usnu}b`h` lb*`o$` usnu*m*bh$`-/ Noh nf |ah wj`bbhs Dshhi |hjubhw `|
Hbhxwmw" wantmod ` wmjubh xwh nf gnbxjow mo `o|mw/ Whh Ub`|hw QQQV `ol
QQQVM/-
Lm`w|}bh lb$`*w|fb-/ \ah |hsj lhwgsmcmod ` Gb`wwmg `ss`odhjho| nf gnbxjow"
a`vmod |ah wu`gh nf fnxs lm`jh|hsw fsnj gho|hs |n gho|hs nf |ahms wa`f|w"
`ol tahsh |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno jh`wxshw |ashh lm`jh|hsw/ Whh Fmd/
0=/-
Lmh lm-/ \ah gxcmg`b u`s| nf |ah uhlhw|`b ch|thho m|w c`wh `ol g`u9 |ah l`ln/
Whh Fmd/ 7/-
Lmjhowmno lm*jho$wano-/ \ah jh`wxshl lmw|`ogh ch|thho |tn unmo|w9 |ah
wm{h nf ` snnj ns cxmblmod/
Lmjmox|mno lmj*m*ox$wano-/ \ah ds`lx`b shlxg|mno mo wm{h |nt`slw |ah holnf `o nckhg| ns gnbxjo/ \`uhsmod/
Lmngbh|m`o lm*n*ibh$wa`o-/ @ Snj`o hjuhsns" tanwh chw| ionto shj`momod
`sgam|hg|xs`b jnoxjho| mw |ah f`jnxw C`|aw mo Snjh" mo |ah sxmow nf
tamga a`vh chho fnxol b`|h `cnx| 3=5 @/ L/- Snj`o hq`jubhw nf |ah
v`smnxw Nslhsw/ Whh Ub`|h BVM/-
3=5
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DBNWW@I] 360
Lmu|hs`b lmu$|h*s`b-/ @ w|sxg|xsh gnowmw|mod nf ns fxsomwahl tm|a ` lnxcbh
s`odh nf gnbxjow/ Whh u`dh 0<19 `bwn holw nf Fmd/ 7</-
Lm|smdb}uamg lm*|sb*dbmf$mg-/ @o mo|hsv`b ns wu`gh ch|thho |tn gnbxjow" `l*
jm||mod nf |ah xwh nf |tn |smdb}uaw no |ah ho|`cb`|xsh/ Whh Fmd/ 01/-
Lnjm|m`o ln*jm$wa*}`o-/ @ Snj`o hjuhsns sxbmod 10*=6 @/ L/
Lnsmg lns*mi-/ \ah nblhw|" ah`vmhw|" `ol wmjubhw| nf |ah |ashh usmogmu`b
Dshhi `ol Snj`o Nslhsw/ Whh Fmd/ 85/-
Lsmu lsmu-/ @ jnxblmod ns usnkhg|mod jhjchs mo|holhl |n |asnt nff s`mo
t`|hs `ol ushvho| m|w sxoomod lnto |ah t`bb nf ` cxmblmod/ Whh A `ol
J" Fmd/ <6/-
HH`vhw hv{- / \ah hldh ns bnths u`s| nf ` snnf usnkhg|mod ch}nol |ah wxsf`gh
nf|ah t`bb
|n|asnt
nfft`|hs/ Whh Fmd/ 8=/-
Hggho|smg hi*who$|smi-/ On| a`vmod |ah w`jh gho|hs9 shfhssmod |n gmsgbhw"
tamga" |anxda shb`|hl" `sh on| w|sxgi fsnj |ah w`jh gho|hs/
Hgamoxw h*im$oxw-/ `- Usnuhsb} |ah hdd*`ol*l`s| nso`jho| gx| ns u`mo|hl
no |ah px`s|hs*snxol jnxblmod |a`| nggxsw mo gnbxjo g`um|`bw/ 6- \ah
gnovhq usnkhg|mod jnxblmod nf hggho|smg gxsvh mo whg|mno mo Dshhi hq*
`jubhw wxuuns|mod |ah `c`gxw nf |ah Lnsmg g`um|`b9 ahogh |ah gnssh*
wunolmod fh`|xsh mo |ah g`um|`bw nf |ah n|ahs Nslhsw" ns `o} jnxblmod nf
wmjmb`s usnfmbh |n |ah Lnsmg hgamoxw/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Hdd*`ol*L`s| whh Hgamoxw-/ @ Gb`wwmg jnxblmod lhgns`|hl tm|a `o nv`b" hdd*
wa`uhl nso`jho| `b|hso`|mod tm|a ` o`ssnt" unmo|hl" l`s|*wa`uhl fnsj"
xwhl nob} |n lhgns`|h `o hgamoxw/ Whh M" Ub`|h QB/-
Hbhxwmw h*bx$wmw-/ @ gm|} nf @||mg` f`jhl fns |ah ghbhcs`|mno nf |ah j}w|hsmhw
nf Lhjh|hs/
Hbhv`|mno hb*h*v`$wano-/ @ dhnjh|smg`b ls`tmod nf ` vhs|mg`b t`bb" ns ` u`s|
nf ` cxmblmod ns n|ahs w|sxg|xsh mo vhs|mg`b usnkhg|mno/ Whh Fmd/ 3/-
Hog`suxw ho*i`s$uxw-/ @ wgxbu|xshl nso`jho| mo mjm|`|mno nf ` fhw|nno nf
fsxm|w" bh`vhw" ns fbnthsw" ns nf n|ahs nckhg|w" a`odmod ch|thho |tn unmo|w/
Whh Fmdw/ 00= `ol 075/-
Hod`dhl ho*d`$kl-/ @||`gahl9 hwuhgm`bb} ` gmsgxb`s gnbxjo cxmb| noh*|amsl
ns noh*px`s|hs mo|n ` t`bb" |ah shj`molhs usnkhg|mod ch}nol `ol fshh
fsnj |ah t`bb f`gh/ Whh C/ Fmd/ 055/-
Ho|`cb`|xsh ho*|`c$b`*|xs-/ \a`| u`$s| nf ` bmo|hb gnow|sxg|mno" ns nf ` Gb`wwm*
g`b w|sxg|xsh" gnowmw|mod nf ansm{no|`b jhjchsw" tamga shw|w xuno wxu*
uns|mod gnbxjow ns vhs|mg`b jhjchsw `ol hq|holw xut`sl |n |ah snnf/
Mo |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhsw m| gnjusmwhw |ah `sgam|s`vh" fsmh{h" `ol gnsomgh/
Whh Fmd/ 7/-
Ho|`wmw ho$|`*wmw-/ @ wthbbmod ns nx|t`sl gxsvh `bnod tm|a `o mot`sl
|`uhs mo |ah vh#|mg`b usnfmbh nf |ah wa`f| nf ` gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/ 14/-
Humgxsmxw hu*m*ix$sm*xw-/ @ f`jnxw ua}wmgm`o/ @ |hjubh |n @unbbn Humgx*
smxw hshg|hl `| Uamd`bm`/ Whh Fmd/ 6</-
Huml`xsnw hu*m*l`x$snw-/ @ |nto mo @sdnbmw" gamhf wh`| nf |ah tnswamu nf
_Hwgxb`umxw" gno|`momod whvhs`b hq`jubhw nf b`|h Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh"
u`s|mgxb`sb} ` |anbnw ns gmsgxb`s |hjubh/ Whh Ub`|h B `ol Fmd/ 41/-
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363 DBNWW@S]
Humw|}bmxj h*um$w|m*bm*xj- ns Humw|}bh h$um*w|mb-/ \ah `sgam|s`vh nf ` Gb`wwmg
ho|`cb`|xsh/ Whh @sgam|s`vh/
Hshga|ahxj h*shi*|ah$xj-/ @o Mnomg |hjubh no |ah @gsnunbmw `| @|ahow"
chdxo<4= C/
G/" gnjubh|hl<51 C/ G/
Whh Fmdw/ 61" 15*18/-
Hxw|}bh x$w|mb-/ Lhon|mod `o `ss`odhjho| nf gnbxjow a`vmod `o mo|hs*
gnbxjom`|mno ns wu`gh ch|thho gnbxjo wa`f|w nf |tn `ol noh*fnxs|a
lm`jh|hsw/ Whh Fmd/ 0=/-
Hqhls` hiw$h*ls`-/ @ s`mwhl" whjmgmsgxb`s ns hbbmu|mg`b ub`|fnsj tm|a wh`|
f`gmod |nt`slw |ah gho|hs" nf|ho xwhl mo uxcbmg ub`ghw `w ` jhjnsm`b/
Hq|s`lnw hiw*|s`$*lnw-/ \ah hq|hsmns gxsvh nf `o `sga/ Whh Fmd/ =6/-
F`g`lh f`*w`l$-/ \ah fsno| vmht ns hbhv`|mno nf `o hlmfmgh" ns `o} noh nf m|w
usmogmu`b f`ghw mf m| a`w jnsh |a`o noh/ Whh Fmd/ <8/-
F`gxsh f`$waxs-/ @ ub`mo f`gmod nf v`s}mod tml|a lhfmohl c} `odbhw ns jnxbl*
modw xuno h`ga wmlh" `w mo |ah `sgam|s`vh nf |ah Gb`wwmg ho|`cb`|xsh/
F`wgm` f`wa$m*`-/ @o} csn`l" fb`| jhjchs ns jnxblmod tm|a cx| bm||bh usn*
khg|mno" `w |ah ansm{no|`b c`olw ns csn`l fmbbh|w mo|n tamga |ah `sgam|s`vhw
nf |ah Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o ho|`cb`|xshw `sh lmvmlhl/ Whh Ub`|hw V `ol
QM/-
F`xw|mo` f`xw*|m$o`-/ Tmfhnf
@o|nomoxw Umxw9 on|nsmnxwfns
ahsbmgho|mnxw*
ohww/ Whh Ub`|h BMV/-
Fhohw|s`|mno fho*hw*|s`$wano- / @o `ss`odhjho| nf tmolntw tahsh |ahms
ub`gmod `ol shb`|mno |n h`ga n|ahs fnsj |ah usmogmu`b fh`|xsh nf |ah lh*
wmdo/
Fmbbh|w fmb$h|w-/ Wj`bb jnxblmodw a`vmod |ah `uuh`s`ogh nf o`ssnt" fb`| c`olw/
Taho no t`bb wxsf`ghw" |ah} `sh shg|`odxb`s mo usnkhg|mod whg|mno/ \ah}`sh dhohs`bb} xwhl |n whu`s`|h n|ahs nso`jho|w `ol jnxblmodw/ Whh
Fmd/ 8/-
Fbnthsh| fbnx*hs*hf-/ @ wj`bb fbnths9 noh nf |ah u`s|w nf |ah Gb`wwmg Gnsmo*|am`o `ol Gnjunwm|h g`um|`bw/ Whh Ub`|h QV/-
Fbx|h fbnn|-/ Noh nf ` whsmhw nf gxsvhl fxssntw" xwx`bb} whjmgmsgxb`s mo ub`o"
whu`s`|hl c} o`ssnt fmbbh|w/ Whh F" Fmd/ <=" `ol Fmdw/ 88 `ol 86/- Taho
wxga fmbbh|w `sh u`s|m`bb} fmbbhl xu c} ` wj`bbhs" s`mwhl" whjmgmsgxb`s jnxbl*
mod whg|mno" |ah} `sh w`ml |n ch g`cbhl/
Fbx|mod fbnn$|mod-/ @ dsnnvh ns fxssnt9 |ah w}w|hj nf lhgns`|mod c} |ah xwh
nf fbx|hw/ Whh Fbx|h/-
Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw fns*|x$o` vms*0$bmw-/ @ Gnsmo|am`o |hjubh mo Snjh/ Whh Fmd/
037/-
Fsmh{h fsh{-/ \a`| u`s| nf `o ho|`cb`|xsh tamga mw ch|thho |ah `sgam|s`vh
`ol |ah gnsomgh/ Whh Fmd/ 7/-
Fsno|mwumhgh fsno$|mw*uhw- / \ah usmogmu`b fsno| nf ` cxmblmod 9`o nso`jho|`b
fmdxsh ns mbbxw|s`|mno f`gmod |ah |m|bh*u`dh nf ` cnni/
Fxw| fxw|- / \ah wa`f| nf ` gnbxjo" ns |ah |sxoi nf ` umb`w|hs/ Whh Fmd/ 7/-
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PD`cbh d`$cb-/ \ah o`jh dmvho |n `o `odxb`s*wa`uhl t`bb wxsf`gh usnkhg|mod
fsnj ` snnf" taho nggxssmod lmshg|b} `cnvh ` ansm{no|`b gnsomgh `olcnxolhl c} s`imod gnsomghw/ Whh Ub`|h QQQV/-
Dmccw dmc{-" K`jhw/ Noh nf |ah chw| ionto Hodbmwa `sgam|hg|w `ol tsm|hsw nf
|ah Sho`mww`ogh/
Dms|a dhs|a-/ \ah gmsgxjfhshogh nf `o}|amod9 ns |ah lmw|`ogh `snxol `
gnbxjo/
Db}uaw dbmfw-/ \ah ga`oohbw gx| mo |ah f`gh nf |ah Lnsmg |smdb}ua/ Whh
Fmd/ 4/-
Dshhi Fsh| dshi fsh|-/ @ dhnjh|smg`b" shuh`|mod nso`jho|" dhohs`bb} xwhl
|n nso`jho| ` f`wgm`" c`ol" ns fsmh{h/ Whh B `ol O" Ub`|h QB/-
Dsmbbh dsmb-/ \ah c`sshl jh|`b tnsi ns n|ahs j`|hsm`b fnsjmod `o hogbnw*
mod wgshho" ns usn|hg|mod |ah nuhomodw nf ` w|sxg|xsh/ Whh lnnst`}" Ub`|h
BVMMM/-
Dsnmohl dsnmol-/ \ah |hsj `uubmhl |n |ah gxsvhl mo|hswhg|mno nf |tn v`xb|w
jhh|mod h`ga n|ahs `| `o} `odbh/ Whh Fmd/ 34/-
Dxmbbngah dm*bnwa$-/ \ah |hsj dmvho ` whsmhw nf mo|hsbngimod gmsgbhw ns gxsvhl
bmohw fnsjmod `o nso`jho|`b" shuh`|hl lhwmdo 9` Gb`wwmg jh|anl nf lhgn*
s`|mod ` fb`| ns wbmda|b} gxsvhl c`ol/ Whh J `ol N mo Ub`|h QB/-
Dx||`h dx|$h-" um/ nf Dx||`/ Noh nf ` whsmhw nf uholmod nso`jho|w" dhohs`bb}mo |ah fnsj nf ` fsxw|xj nf ` gnoh cx| wnjh|mjhw g}bmolsmg`b `||`gahl
|n |ah xolhswmlh nf |ah jx|xbh `ol shdxb` nf |ah Lnsmg ho|`cb`|xsh/ Whh
Fmdw/ 4 `ol 1/- \ah} usnc`cb} shushwho| |ah tnnlho uhdw ns |shh*o`mbw
tamga nggxumhl |ahwh unwm|mnow mo usmjm|mvh tnnlho gnow|sxg|mno/
|m
A`lsm`o a`$lsm*`o-/ Snj`o hjuhsns" @/ L/ 46*071/ Lml jxga |nt`slw
shw|nsmod `ol mjusnvmod Snjh/ Hshg|hl |hjubhw |n \s`k`o" Vhoxw" h|g/
A`bmg`so`wwxw a`b*m*i`s*o`w$wxw- / @ Lnsm`o gm|} mo @wm` Jmons" f`jnxw fns
|ah j`xwnbhxj cxmb| |ahsh c} @s|hjmw fns ahs axwc`ol/
A`|gamod a`ga$mod-/ @ jh|anl nf ls`tmod lm`dno`b u`s`bbhb bmohw |n molmg`|h
ns hjua`wm{h ghs|`mo u`s|w nf ` lhwmdo9 taho |ahwh `sh gsnwwhl c} n|ahs
bmohw" |ah ls`tmod mw |hsjhl gsnww*a`|gamod/ Whh G" L" H" `ol F" Fmd/ 3/-
Ahbmq ah$bmiw-" um/ nf Ahbmghw ah$bmw*h{-/ @o} wums`b9 u`s|mgxb`sb} ` wj`bb vn*
bx|h ns |tmw| xolhs |ah `c`gxw nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o g`um|`b/ Whh G`xbmgxbxw/-
Ahs`ah$s`-/ Tmfh nf [hxw/ Pxhho nf |ah ah`vhow/ \ahsh hqmw|hl ` f`jnxw
w|`|xh nf ahs mo |ah \hjubh nf @sdnw" `ol `| W`jnw ` Dshhi Mnomg \hjubhmo ahs anons/
Ahsgxbhw ahs$ix*b6{-/ @ Dshhi dnl/ @| Gns` mw `o h`sb} Snj`o Lnsmg
wpx`sh |hjubh nf Dshhi tnsij`owamu" g`bbhl c} amw o`jh/ Whh Fmd/ 07=/-
Ahsjhw ahs$jh{-/ @ wj`bb" wpx`sh wa`f|" dhohs`bb} |`uhsmod |nt`sl |ah cn|*
|nj `ol |hsjmo`|mod `| |ah |nu mo ` cxw| ns ah`l/
Ahq`w|}bh ahiw$`*w|bb-/ A`vmod wmq gnbxjow/ Whh Fmd/ 77/-
A}u`h|as`b ab$uh$|as`b-/ Nuho |n |ah wi} 9 b`gimod ` snnf/ Whh Fmd/ 7</-
A}unw|}bh am$un*w|mb- / Gno|`momod umbb`sw/
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Anoh}wxgibh axo$m*wxi*0-/ @o `sgam|hg|xs`b nso`jho| wxddhw|hl c} |ah
fbnths" dhohs`bb} xwhl no ` lhgns`|mvh fsmh{h/ Whh P mo Ub`|h QB/-
A}un|s`gahbmxj am$un*|s`*ih$bm*xj-/ Mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs |ah kxog|mno nf |ah
g`um|`b `ol |ah wa`f|" j`sihl c} ` chvhb ns gx| `snxol |ah bnths hldn nf
|ah g`um|`b cbngi/ Whh Fmd/ 7=/-
M
Mg|moxw mg*|b$oxw-/ @ f`jnxw `sgam|hg| nf Dshhgh chbnodmod |n |ah whgnol
a`bf nf |ah 8|a gho|xs} C/ G/ Ah t`w |ah gamhf lhwmdohs nf |ah
U`s|ahono `ol nf |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn oh`s Uamd`bm`/
Mbmwwxw m*bmw$wxw-/ @ wj`bb smvhs mo @||mg` |a`| fbntw |asnxda ` u`s| nf |ah gm|}
nf @|ahow/
Mjunw| mj$unw|-/ \ah ansm{no|`b jnxblmodw tamga shghmvh" ns xuno tamga
shw|" `o `sga wusmodmod fsnj ` t`bb ns wpx`sh gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/ </-
Mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno mo$|hs*in*bxj*om*`$wano-/ @ wu`gmod `u`s| nf gnbxjow/
\ah lmw|`ogh mo |ah gbh`s ch|thho gnbxjow/ Whh Fmdw/ 01" 0=" 1=" =5" 0<7"
0<<" `ol 0<8/-
Mo|hsmns mo*|h$sm*ns-/ \ah mowmlh nf ` cxmblmod" anxwh" ns snnj/
Mo|hswhg|mno mo*|hs*whi$wano-/ \ah gsnwwmod nf `o} |tn ns jnsh bmohw `| `o}
`odbh tm|a h`ga n|ahs/
Mo|s`lnw mo*|s`$lnw-/ \ah mo|hsmns gxsvh nf `o `sga/ Whh Fmd/ =6/-
Mnomg M*no$mi-/ Noh nf |ah |ashh Dshhi Nslhsw o`jhl fsnj |ah Mnomg s`gh"
c} tanj m| mw ahbl |n a`vh chho lhvhbnuhl `ol uhsfhg|hl |ah jnw| lmw*
|modxmwamod fh`|xsh nf tamga mw |ah vnbx|h nf |ah g`um|`b tm|a m|w #snbb#
holw `ol |tn f`ghw/ Whh Fmd/ 85/-
K`jcw k`j{-/ \ah vhs|mg`b wmlh umhghw nf `o} nuhomod mo ` t`bb" wxga `w `
lnns ns tmolnt" |ah |nu chmod dhohs`bb} |hsjhl ` wnffm|/ Whh Fmd/ 1</-
Kxum|hs Nb}juxw kx$um*|hs 6*b}j$uxw-/ \ah wxushjh Dshhi lhm|}/ \ah chw|
ionto |hjubh |n |amw dnl mw |ah Gnsmo|am`o cxmblmod `| @|ahow" chdxo c}
Dshhi tnsijho `cnx| 045 C/ G/" `ol fmomwahl c} |ahj 004 @/ L/ xolhsA`lsm`o/ Whh Ub`|h BMM/-
II`o`t`| i`o$`*t`|-/ @ |nto mo W}sm` gno|`momod wnjh hq`jubhw nf h`sb}
Snj`o `sgam|hg|xsh/
Ih}w|noh ih$w|no-/ \ah w|noh `| |ah `uhq nf `o `sga" tamga" chmod b`w| ux|
mo ub`gh" mw shd`slhl `w ih}mod ns bngimod |ah tanbh w|sxg|xsh |ndh|ahs/
Whh Fmdw/ 07 `ol =1/-
BB`gxo`sm` b`*ix*o`$sm*`-/ @ u`ohbhl ghmbmod" wn g`bbhl fsnj |ah wxoiho ns
anbbnt gnju`s|jho|w gnjunwmod m|/ Whh Ub`|hw QQQ `ol QQQM" `ol
Fmd/ 057/-
B`|hs`b b`|$h*s`b-/ Usnghhlmod fsnj ns |n" ns wm|x`|hl `|" ` wmlh9 ns `| smda|
`odbhw |n |ah bhod|a ns ahmda|/ Whh Fmd/ 60/-
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DBNWW@S] 368
Bh`f `ol*L`s| bhf*`ol*l`s|- / @onso`jho|`b lhwmdo t`|hs ub`o| `ol `ssntw
`uubmhl |n |ah ndhh/ Whh D `ol K" Ub`|h QB/-
Bmo|hb Io$|hb-/ @ ansm{no|`b umhgh nf |mjchs ns w|noh shw|mod `gsnww gnbxjow
ns umhsw" ns xuno |ah k`jcw nf ` lnns ns tmolnt" ns wu`oomod `o} n|ahs
nuho wu`gh mo ` t`bb ns mo ` gnbxjo`s gnow|sxg|mno" `ol whsvmod |n wxuuns|
wxuhsmogxjcho| thmda|/ Whh Fmd/ 3/-
Bmw|hb bmw$|hb-/ @ wj`bb" wpx`sh jnxblmod dhohs`bb} xwhl mo gnokxog|mno tm|a
` b`sdhs jhjchs 9`bwn |hsjhl ` fmbbh|/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Bnchw bnc{- / Usnkhg|mnow" hwuhgm`bb} taho nf ` snxolhl fnsj/
Bnodm|xlmo`b bno*km*|x$lm*o`b-/ Nf ns uhs|`momod |n bhod|a/
Bn|xw bn$|xw-/ @o Hd}u|m`o t`|hs ub`o|" nf|ho xwhl `w ` lhgns`|mvh jn|mvh
mo Hd}u|m`o `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw/
Bn{hodh bn{$hok-/ @ fmdxsh a`vmod fnxs hpx`b wmlhw" tm|a |tn `gx|h `ol |tn
nc|xwh `odbhw/ Whh Fmd/ G/-
B}wmgs`|hw bb*wmi$s`*|h{-/ \ah o`jh nf ` Dshhi gans`dxw" tamga a`w chho
dmvho |n |ah fmohw| wxsvmvmod Dshhi gans`dmg jnoxjho|/ Whh Fmdw/ 48" 46"
`ol 44/-
JJ`ghlnom` j`w*h*lno$m*`-/ @ gnxo|s} ons|a nf Dshhgh/
J`sghbbxw j`s*whb$bxw-/ \ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw mw |ah o`jh nf ` Snj`o
Lnsmg cxmblmod nf gmsgxb`s ub`o" cxmb| mo Snjh/ Whh Fmdw/ 007 `ol 038/-
J`sw Xb|ns j`s{ xb$|ns- / Wnjh|mjhw g`bbhl J`sw Vhodhxs/- J`sw t`w |ah
Snj`o dnl nf t`s/ @ |hjubh mo |ah Fnsxj @xdxw|m gnowhgs`|hl C/ G/ 3"
cxmb| mo |ah |mjh nf @xdxw|xw/ Whh Fmd/ 03=/-
Jhga`omg`b jh*i`o$m*i`b- / Hq`g|9 |ah nuunwm|h nf fshh9 mo`s|mw|mg9 b`ml nx|
`ggnslmod |n w|smg| sxbh/
Jhjchs jhj$chs- / @ u`s| nf `o Nslhs ns nf ` cxmblmod 9` gnbxjo ns ` jnxbl*
mod/
Jh|nuh jh|$8*uh-/ @ wb`c mowhs|hl ch|thho |tn |smdb}uaw nf |ah Lnsmg
fsmh{h9 wnjh|mjhw" hwuhgm`bb} mo b`|h tnsi" gx| mo |ah w`jh cbngi tm|a noh
|smdb}ua ns jnsh/ Whh Fmd/ 8</-
Jmohsv` Unbm`w jm*ohs$v` un$bm*`w-/ \ah o`jh nf ` Dshhi Mnomg \hjubh no
|ah @gsnunbmw mo anons nf noh nf |ah |ashh gamhf Dshhi lmvmom|mhw" |ah
l`xda|hs nf Kxum|hs/ Whh Ub`|h QBMV/- @ |hjubh mo anons nf |ah w`jh
dnllhww t`w hshg|hl `| Usmhoh mo @wm` Jmons/ Whh Ub`|h QBVM/-
Jmbh|xw jm*bh$|xw- / @ |nto mo @wm` Jmons oh`s tamga mw |ah |hjubh nf @unbbn
Lml}j`jw/ Whh Fmd/ =</-
Jmox|h jmo$m|-/ Noh nf |ah lmvmwmnow nf |ah jnlxbh" dhohs`bb} |ams|} mo oxj*
chs fns |ah Dshhi Nslhsw" |thbvh fns |ah Snj`o Lnsmg" `ol hmda|hho fns
|ah Snj`o Mnomg `ol Gnsmo|am`o / Whh U`s|/-
Jm|hs jm$|hs- @o `odbh nf <89 ns" mo gnow|sxg|mno" |ah xomno nf |tn umhghw
nf jnxblmod `| `o `odbh nf <8/ Taho |ah `cx||mod umhghw `sh lshwwhl |n
`o `odbh dsh`|hs ns bhww |a`o <8" |ah knmo| mw usnuhsb} g`bbhl ` chvhb*knmo|/
Whh Fmd/ 35/-
Jnlmbbmno jn*lmb$}no-/ @ usnkhg|mod cs`gih| ns cbngi xwhl xolhs |ah gnsno`
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366 DBNWW@S]
mo |ah gnsomgh nf |ah Gnsmo|am`o" |ah Gnjunwm|h" `ol ngg`wmno`bb} |ah
Snj`o Lnsmg Nslhsw9` gnschb
9` cs`gih|/ Whh Fmd/ 0 77/-
Jnlxbh jnl$xb-/ @ xom| nf jh`wxsh xwhl mo tnsimod nx| |ah usnuns|mno`b
u`s|w nf `o Nslhs nf `sgam|hg|xsh" mov`sm`cb} noh*a`bf |ah lm`jh|hs nf |ah
gnbxjo `| m|w c`wh/
Jnon|smdb}uamg jno*6*|sm*dbmf$mi- / \a`| jnlh nf mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno tamga"
mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" shpxmshw |ah wu`ghl xwh nf noh |smdb}ua `ol |tn jh|*
nuhw mo |ah ho|`cb`|xsh `cnvh/ Whh Fmd/ 01/-
Jnxblmod j80l$mod-/ @o `sgam|hg|xs`b nso`jho| ns jhjchs tm|a ` wxsf`gh
nf v`s}mod gno|nxs9 ` usnkhg|mod jhjchs/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Jx|xbh jx$|xb-/ @ usnkhg|mod umhgh mo |ah fnsj nf ` fb`| cbngi tm|a `o nso`*
jho|hl xolhs*wxsf`gh" ub`ghl xolhs |ah gnsno` nf |ah Lnsmg gnsomgh `ol
gnsshwunolmod |n |ah jnlmbbmno nf |ah n|ahs Nslhsw/ Whh Fmd/ 1/-
OA`nw o`$nw-/ \ah gho|s`b snnj nf ` Gb`wwmg |hjubh" tahsh thsh ub`ghl |ah
w|`|xh `ol ghshjnom`b `b|`s nf |ah lmvmom|}/ Whh Fmdw/ 73" 77" `ol 7</-
O`vh o`v-/ \ah j`mo gho|s`b uns|mno nf ` gaxsga hq|holmod ch|thho |ah
wmlh gnbxjow fsnj |ah ganms c`gi |n |ah j`mo ho|s`ogh/
Ohgi ohi-/ \ah u`s| nf ` gnbxjo nggxssmod ch|thho |ah g`um|`b `ol |ah
wa`f|/ Whh Fmd/ 7/-
Ohjh` oh*jh$`-/ @ v`bbh} mo @sdnbmw" ghbhcs`|hl fns |ah \hjubh nf [hxw
Ohjhxw/ @bwn tahsh |ah Ohjh`o d`jhw thsh ahbl/
Ohsv` ohs$v`-/ \ah o`jh nf noh nf |ah Snj`o Fnsxjw/
Omih @u|hsnw om$ih `u$|h*snw- @ |hjubh no |ah @gsnunbmw cxmb| mo anons nf
Omih" dnllhww nf Vmg|ns}/ @bwn g`bbhl Tmodbhww Vmg|ns}/
Omjhw Ohj-/ @ gm|} mo wnx|ahso Fs`ogh gno|`momod ` Gnsmo|am`o shg*
|`odxb`s |hjubh `uusn`gahl c} ` fbmda| nf w|huw" cxmb| lxsmod |ah shmdo nf
A`lsm`o" nf|ho g`bbhl |ah J`mwno G`sshh/ Whh Fmd/ 070/-
Onsgm` ons$ga`-/ @ wj`bb H|sxwg`o |nto mo gho|s`b M|`b}/
Onsj`ol ons$j`xol-/ @ Fshoga tsm|hs no `sgam|hg|xsh bmvmod lxsmod |ah
Sho`mww`ogh/
nNg|`w|}bh ni$|`*w|bb- / A`vmod hmda| gnbxjow `w ` uns|mgn nf ` cxmblmod
a`vmod hmda| gnbxjow mo fsno|/ Whh Fmd/ 7</-
Nlhxj 6*lh$xj-/ Noh nf ` gb`ww nf cxmblmodw `imo |n |ah`|hsw" lhwmdohl
usmj`smb} fns |ah uxcbmg uhsfnsj`ogh nf jxwmg`b gno|hw|w nf v`smnxw imolw/
Ndhh 6*kh$-/ @ g}j` shg|` ns g}j` shvhsw`9 ` jnxblmod gnowmw|mod nf |tn
jhjchsw" |ah noh gnog`vh" |ah n|ahs gnovhq" ns ` snxol `ol ` anbbnt/
Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Numw|anlnjnw nu*mw*|anl$n*jnw-/@o
nuhovhw|mcxbh tm|amo |ah
uns|mgn
nf `
|hjubh `| |ah hol chamol |ah ghbb`9mo jnw| `ogmho| |hjubhw gnsshwunolmod
|n |ah usno`nw `| |ah usmogmu`b hol/
Nslhs ns$lhs-/ @ gnbxjo ho|msh mogbxlmod c`wh" wa`f|" `ol g`um|`b-" tm|a `
wxuhsmogxjcho| ho|`cb`|xsh" vmhthl `w fnsjmod `o `sgam|hg|xs`b tanbh
ns |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mg hbhjho| nf ` w|}bh/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 `ol 85/-
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Nsmho|`|mno n*sm*ho*|`$wano-/ \ah bng`|mno nf ` w|sxg|xsh mo shd`sl |n |ah
lmshg|mno m| f`ghw" hwuhgm`bb} mo fsno|mod |nt`sl |ah h`w|/
Nx|bmoh nx|$bbo-/ @ bmoh tamga j`siw ns cnxolw |ah nx|wmlh nf ` fmdxsh9 `
wih|ga nf `o} wgahjh/
Nvnbn n$vn*06-/ @o hdd*wa`uhl jnxblmod mo Snj`o tnsi" wnjh|mjhw `
px`s|hs nf ` gmsgbh mo whg|mno" cx| mo Dshhi tnsi dhohs`bb} u`s| nf `o
hbbmuwh ns a}uhscnb`/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
U
U`hw|xj uhw$|xj-/ @ gm|} mo Bxg`om` f`jnxw fns |ah sxmow nf |tn ns jnsh
Lnsmg |hjubhw/
U`b`|moh u`b$`*|bo- / Noh nf |ah whvho ambbw nf Snjh/
U`bb`lmn u`b*b`l$m*6-/ @o M|`bm`o tsm|hs `ol `sgam|hg|" chw| ionto fns amw
u`b`ghw `| Vmgho{` `ol gaxsgahw `| Vhomgh/ \ah b`w| dsh`| `sgam|hg| nf
|ah M|`bm`o Sho`mww`ogh/"
U`bjh||h u`b*jhf-/ @ gnovho|mno`b fbns`b nso`jho| ns bh`f" jnsh ns bhww
shwhjcbmod ` u`bj bh`f/ Whh U `ol P" Ub`|h QB/-
U`bj}s` u`b*jm$s`-/ @ |nto mo W}sm`" bnod wmogh lhwhs|hl" tahsh }h| shj`mo
hq|howmvh `ol wxuhsc Snj`o sxmow/
U`olsnwnw u`o*lsn$wnw-/ L`xda|hs nf Ghgsnuw/ Mo ahs anons ` |hjubh
w`og|x`s} t`w cxmb| `| @|ahow/
U`ohb u`o$hb-/ @ gnju`s|jho| tm|a s`mwhl j`sdmow" jnxblhl ns n|ahstmwh"
`w mo ghmbmodw" t`mowgn|w" `ol |ah bmih/ Whh Fmd/ =/-
U`o|ahno u`o$|ah*no-/ @ b`sdh" gmsgxb`s |hjubh tm|a ` Gnsmo|am`o uns|mgn"
mo Snjh" nsmdmo`bb} lhlmg`|hl mo shmdo nf @xdxw|xw C/ G/ 34 @/ L/ 0</
\ah gnbxjow" ho|`cb`|xshw" h|g/" nf |ah uns|mgn nf |ah ushwho| cxmblmod"
tamga l`|hw jnw|b} fsnj 035*03< @/ L/" thsh u`s|w nf |ah nsmdmo`b
w|sxg|xsh/ Whh Fmdw/ 053 `ol 057/-
U`s`uh| u`s$`*uh|-/ @ bnt t`bb usn|hg|mod |ah hldh nf ` |hss`gh" csmld7"
lhgbmvm|}" h|g/ Whh Ub`|hw QQQMM `ol QQQMV/-
U`s| u`s|-" `- \ah xom| mo|n tamga |ah jnlxbh" ns noh*a`bf lm`jh|hs" nf
gnbxjow mw lmvmlhl mo
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|ah \xwg`o `ol Lnsmg" `ol \V nf |ah jnlxbh f /ah Mnomg" Gnsmo|am`o" `ol
Gnjunwm|h Nslhsw" c- @ whu`s`|h lmvmwmno" fs`g|mno" ns fs`djho| nf `
tanbh/
U`s|ahono u`s$|ah*ono-/ \ah \hjubh nf @|ahoh U`s|ahonw `| @|ahow/ M|
gsntohl |ah @gsnunbmw" `ol mw shd`slhl `w |ah jnw| oh`sb} uhsfhg| cxmbl*
mod mo |ah tnsbl/ Chdxo `cnx| <85 C/ G/ `f|hs lhwmdow c} Mg|moxw `ol
G`bmcs`|hw" xolhs |ah unbm|mg`b lmshg|mno nf Uhsmgbhw" `ol |ah `s|mw|mg
wxuhsmo|holhogh nf |ah dsh`| wgxbu|ns Uamlm`w/ Lhlmg`|hl <71 C/ G/
Whh Fsno|mwumhgh mbbxw|s`|mno9 `bwn Fmd/ <8/-
Uhlhw|`b uhl$hw*|`b-/ \ah c`wh ns fnn| nf ` gnbxjo" w|`|xh" ns |ah bmih9 |ah
u`s| no tamga `o xusmda| tnsi w|`olw9m| gnowmw|w nf |ashh u`s|w" |ah c`wh"
lmh" `ol |ah g`u ns gnsomgh/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 `ol 38/-
Uhlmjho| uhl$m*jho|-/ \ah d`cbh ns |sm`odx`s hol nf |ah snnf nf ` cxmblmod/
Whh Fmd/ 35/-
Uhb`wdm`ow uhb*`w$km*`ow-/ O`jh dmvho |n |ah h`sbmhw| moa`cm|`o|w nf Dshhgh/
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Uholho|mvhw uho*lho$|mv{-/ \ah v`xb|hl uns|mnow wxuuns|mod |ah `odbhw nf
` lnjhl gxunb`/ Whh Fmd/ 31/-
Uho|hbmg uho*|hb$mi-/ @ Gb`wwmg v`smh|} nf uxsh" fmoh*ds`mohl j`scbh" nc|`mohl
fsnj Jnxo| Uho|hbmgxw mo @||mg`/
Uhsmgbhw uhs$m*ibh{-/ @ ghbhcs`|hl @|ahom`o w|`|hwj`o `ol ns`|ns/ Cnso
`cnx| <=8 C/ G9 lmhl `| @|ahow <3= C/ G/ \ah @dh nf Uhsmgbhw t`w |ah
Dnblho @dh nf Dshhgh" |ah uhsmnl nf m|w amdahw| unbm|mg`b" `s|mw|mg" `ol
bm|hs`s} lhvhbnujho|/
Uhsmu|hs`b uh*smu$|h*s`b-/ A`vmod ` snt nf gnbxjow `bb `snxol/ Whh Fmdw/
77 `ol 7</-
Uhsmw|}bh uhs$m*w|mb- / @ s`odh ns s`odhw nf gnbxjow wxssnxolmod `o} u`s| nf `
|hjubh ns anxwh/ Whh Fmdw/ 77 `ol 7</-
Uhswuhg|mvh uhs*wuhi$|mv-/ `- @ ls`tmod ns sholhsmod nf `o nckhg| wn `w |n
want m| `w m| tnxbl `g|x`bb} `uuh`s |n |ah h}h nf ` wuhg|`|ns/ \ah usn*
khg|mno dhnjh|smg`bb} no ` umg|xsh ub`oh wn |a`| |ah nckhg| ls`to tmbb
`uuh`s `w taho whho fsnj wnjh u`s|mgxb`s unmo|/ &- \ah `uu`sho|
v`omwamod nf u`s`bbhb bmohw `w |ahms lmw|`ogh fsnj |ah h}h mw mogsh`whl/
Uamlm`w fml$m*`w-/ @ ghbhcs`|hl Dshhi wgxbu|ns cnso `cnx| 855 C/ G/9 lmhl
`cnx| <75 C/ G/ Ah t`w `wwngm`|hl tm|a Uhsmgbhw mo |ah `s|mw|mg ch`x|m*
f}mod nf @|ahow/ Amw dsh`|hw| tnsi t`w |ah gnbnww`b dnbl `ol mvns}
w|`|xh nf @|ahoh Jmohsv`- tamga `lnsohl |ah ghbb` nf |ah U`s|ahono/
Uamd`bm` fm*d`$bm*`-/ @o `ogmho| |nto mo |ah Uhbnunoohwxw/ @bwn wuhb|
Uamd`b`h`/On|hl fns m|w
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|n w|mffho ` t`bb/ Whh L" Fmd/ 3" `ol Fmd/ </-
Umbb`s umb$bhs-/ @ snxol umhs g`ss}mod |ah `sgahw ns t`bb nf ` cxmblmod/ Whh
G" Fmd/ 3/-
Umb`w|hs um*b`w$|hs-/ @ shg|`odxb`s gnbxjo ns umhs" `||`gahl |n ` t`bb `ol
usnkhg|mod `cnx| noh*fnxs|a |n noh*wmq|a nf m|w csh`l|a fsnj |ah t`bb wxs*
f`gh" gnsshwunolmod mo g`u" c`wh" `ol dhohs`b usnuns|mnow tm|a |ah gnb*
xjow nf |ah Nslhs tm|a tamga m| mw xwhl9 cRm| |ah wa`f| ho|`wmw nf |an
gnbxjo mw fshpxho|b} njm||hl fsnj |ah umb`w|hs/ Whh Fmd/ =3/-
Ub`o ub`o-/ @ ls`tmod no ` ub`oh wxsf`gh" nf |ah ansm{no|`b whg|mno nf `o nc*
khg|" `ol mo|holhl |n want m|w `ss`odhjho| `ol lmwunwm|mno 9 dhohs`bb} `u*
ubmhl |n |ah ansm{no|`b usnkhg|mno ns whg|mno nf ` cxmblmod ls`to `| `
wj`bb wg`bh/ Whh Fmd/ 3/-
Ub`oh ub`o-/ Bhvhb9 `o hvho wxsf`gh tm|anx| hbhv`|mnow ns lhushwwmnow/
Ub`|fnsj ub`|$fnsj-/ @ fbnns s`mwhl `cnvh |ah dhohs`b bhvhb" fns |ah wxuuns|
nf nckhg|w ns uhnubh/
Ubmo|a ubmo|a-/ @ jhjchs" wpx`sh mo ub`o `ol shg|`odxb`s mo hbhv`|mno"
fnsjmod |ah bnthw| lmvmwmno nf |ah c`wh nf ` gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/ </- \ah
ub`oh" usnkhg|mod wxsf`gh `| |ah cn||nj nf ` t`bb" mjjhlm`|hb} `cnvh |ah
dsnxol/
Ubxjc ubxj-/ Uhsuholmgxb`s/
Unbbxq unb$bxq-/ @ Dshhi dnl" csn|ahs nf G`w|ns/ Whh G`w|ns/-
Unb}gbh|xw unb*m*ibh$|xw-/ @ ghbhcs`|hl Dshhi wgxbu|ns `ol `sgam|hg| tan
bmvhl mo |ah b`w| u`s| nf |ah fmf|a gho|xs} C/ G/
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7 l|` J
mbm
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Unb}w|}bh unb$m*w|mb-/ A`vmod ns wxuuns|hl c} j`o} gnbxjow" ns wxssnxolhl
c} whvhs`b sntw nf gnbxjow/
Unjuhmm unj*u`$}h-/ @ gm|} mo G`ju`om` fnxolhl 6|a gho|xs} C/ G/" cxsmhl
4= @/ L/ c} `o hsxu|mno nf |ah vnbg`on nf Vhwxvmxw/
Unjuh} unj$um-/ F`jnxw Snj`o dhohs`b9 cnso 056 C/ G/9 jxslhshl mo
Hd}u| mo <1 C/ G/ Fnsjhl tm|a G`hw`s `ol Gs`wwxw |ah Fmsw| \smxj*
vms`|h" 65 C/ G/9b`|hs ` unbm|mg`b smv`b nf G`hw`s" c} tanj a/h t`w gsxwahl
mo gmvmb t`s/ @ |ah`|hs nf |ah Snj`o h`sb} uhsmnl cxmb| c} Unjuh}amjwhbf/
Unsga unsga-/ @ imol nf nx|wmlh vhw|mcxbh ns usnkhg|mod w|sxg|xsh wahb|hsmod
|ah ho|s`ogh |n ` cxmblmod/ Whh Fmdw/ 61 `ol 4</-
Uns|mgn uns$|m*in-/ \ah gnvhshl wu`gh ns unsga mo fsno| nf ` |hjubh/ Whh
Fmd/ 053/-
Unwhmlno un*wm$lno-/ Dnl nf |ah Wh`" `ol w`ml |n a`vh cxmb| |ah t`bbw nf
\sn}/ Tnswamuhl |asnxdanx| Dshhgh `ol M|`b}/ Mlho|mfmhl tm|a |ah
Snj`o Ohu|xoh/
Unw|mgxj unw*|m$ixj- / \ah gnvhshl wu`gh chamol ` |hjubh/
Usmhoh usb*h$oh-/ @o $Mnom`o gm|} wm|x`|hl mo G`sm`" @wm` Jmons" ons|a nf
Jmbh|xw/ On|hl fns m|w Mnomg \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w/ Whh Ub`|h
QBVM `ol Fmd/ =7/-
Usnfmbh usn$fhb ns *fms-/ \ah b`sdhw| gno|nxs ns nx|bmoh nf `o} nckhg|" hwuhgm*
`bb} taho whho mo wmbanxh||h/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Usnkhg|hl usn*khi$|hl-/ G`ssmhl nx|9 hq|holhl9 gno|moxhl9 lhbmoh`|hl `g*
gnslmod |n `o} w}w|hj nf gnsshwunolhogh ch|thho |ah unmo|w nf ` fmdxsh
`ol |ah unmo|w nf |ah wxsf`gh no tamga |ah lhbmoh`|mno mw j`lh/
Usnoh nsno-" Usnw|s`|h ns b}mod tm|a f`gh lnto/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
Usnuns|mno`|h usn*uns$wano*`|h-/ Ch`smod ` ghs|`mo a`sjnomnxw shb`|mno |n
n|ahs jhjchsw ns `lknmomod u`s|w/
Usnu}b`h` usnu*m*bh$`-" um/ nf usnu}b`hxj usnu*m*bh$xj-/ @o mjuns|`o| `sgam*
|hg|xs`b vhw|mcxbh ns ho|s`ogh |n ` w`gshl hogbnwxsh" `w |a`| nf |ah @gsnun*
bmw `| @|ahow/ Whh Fmd/ 11/-
Usnwghomxj usn*wh$om*xj-/ \ah w|`dh nf ` |ah`|hs9 |ah t`bb whu`s`|mod |ah
w|`dh fsnj |ah `xlm|nsmxj/ Mo |ah Gb`wwmg |ah`|hs |ah t`bb csh`iw c`gi
`ol dnhw `gsnww |ah sh`s nf |ah w|`dh" gnjubh|hb} hogbnwmod |ah uns|mnow
nf |ah w|`dh xwhl c} |ah `g|nsw" `ol dhohs`bb} gno|`mow |ashh nuhomodw
|asnxda |ah c`gi ns gxs|`mohl t`bb noh mo |ah gho|hs" `ol |tn wj`bbhs
nohw no h`ga wmlh `ol noh mo h`ga hol ns sh|xso nf |ah t`bb/ Mo |ah
jnlhso |ah`|hs" |ah usnwghomxj mw |a`| u`s| nf |ah anxwh ch|thho |ah
gxs|`mo ns lsnu*wghoh `ol |ah nsgahw|s`9 `bwn" |ah gxs|`mo `ol |ah `sga
ns fs`jhtnsi |a`| anblw m|/
Usnw|}bh usn$w|mb-/ Lhon|mod ` uns|mgn mo tamga |ah gnbxjow w|`ol gx| >o*
|mshb} mo fsno| nf |ah t`bbw nf |ah cxmblmod |n tamga m| mw `||`gahl9 `bwn lh*
on|mod ` |hjubh ns n|ahs w|sxg|xsh a`vmod gnbxjow mo fsno| nob}" cx|
`gsnww |ah tanbh fsno|/ Whh Ub`|h QQQMMM/-
Uwhxln*lmu|hs`b wx*ln*lmu$|h*s`b-/ \ah |hsj `uubmhl |n ` |hjubh f`bwhb} ns
mjuhsfhg|b} lmu|hs`b" |ah moohs s`odh nf gnbxjow wxssnxolmod |ah ghbb`
chmod njm||hl/ Whh Fmd/ 77/-
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U|hsnj` |h*sn$j`-/ \ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah t`bb nf |ah ghbb` nf ` Gb`wwmg`b
|hjubh ns `o} wmjmb`s gnbxjo`s w|sxg|xsh" `ol |ah u|hsno ns |ah gnbxjow
nf |ah uhsmw|}bh/ Whh Fmdw/ 77 `ol 7</-
Uxsbmo uxs$bmo-/ Wj`bb snnf ch`jw shw|mod xuno |ah s`f|hsw `ol sxoomod
u`s`bbhb tm|a smldh `olh`vhw/
U}gonw|}bh umg$on*w|fb- / @ |hsj lhon|mod ` gnbnoo`lh mo tamga |ah gnbxjow
w|`ol vhs} gbnwh |n h`ga n|ahs" xwx`bb} nob} 0K lm`jh|hsw chmod `bbnthl
|n h`ga mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ Whh Fmd/ 0=/-
U}bno umb$no-/ @ jnoxjho|`b w|sxg|xsh fnsjmod u`s| nf `o ho|s`ogh |n `o
Hd}u|m`o |hjubh ns n|ahs mjuns|`o| cxmblmod" `ol gnowmw|mod nf ` gho|s`b
d`|ht`} fb`oihl no h`ga wmlh c} ` |sxog`|hl" u}s`jml`b |nths tm|a t`bbw
gnvhshl tm|a wgxbu|xshw" |ah u}s`jml`b |nths m|whbf chmod wnjh|mjhw
g`bbhl ` u}bno/
U}s`jml`b um*s`j$m*l`b-/ Uhs|`momod |n" ns a`vmod |ah fnsj nf" ` u}s`jml/
Pxmsmo`b pxms$m*o`b- / Noh nf |ah whvho ambbw nf Snjh" no tamga mw cxmb| |ah
fnsjhs wxjjhs U`b`gh nf |ah Unuhw/ Ahsh mw |ah ushwho|" wh`| nf |ah
M|`bm`o Dnvhsojho|" |ah uno|mfmg`b shwmlhogh ont chmod |ah U`b`gh nf
|ah V`|mg`o/
SS`lm`b s`$lm*`b- / Wann|mod nx| ns s`lm`|mod fsnj ` gho|hs/
S`lmxw s`$lm*xw-/ @ bmoh ls`to ns hq|holmod fsnj |ah gho|hs nf ` gmsgbh |nm|w gmsgxjfhshogh9 |ah whjm*lm`jh|hs nf ` gmsgbh ns wuahsh/
S`f|hs s`f|hs-/ Noh nf |ah wbnumod ch`jw nf ` snnf" sxoomod fsnj smldh |n
h`vhw" |n tamga mw whgxshl |ah fs`jhtnsi ns uxsbmow xuno tamga |ah nx|hs
gnvhsmod mw o`mbhl/
Shdbh| shd$bh|-/ @ fb`|" o`ssnt jnxblmod xwhl |n whu`s`|h jhjchsw nf gnj*
u`s|jho|w `ol u`ohbw/ Whh Fmd/ =/-
Shdxb` shd$x*b`-/ @ wans| c`ol ns fmbbh| nf ` bhod|a gnsshwunolmod |n |ah |sm*
db}uaw nf |ah Lnsmg fsmh{h" ch`smod dx||wh ns lsnuw no |ah bnths wmlh" `ol
ub`ghl kxw| chbnt |ah gsntomod |whom` nf |ah `sgam|s`vh/ Whh Fmd/ 4/-
Sh|xso sh*|xso$-/ \ah |xso `ol gno|mox`|mno nf ` jnxblmod" t`bb" h|g/" mo `o
nuunwm|h ns lmffhsho| lmshg|mno/
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uholmgxb`s jnxblmod9 |ah vhs|mg`b f`gh nf ` tmolnt*nuhomod ns lnnst`}
ch|thho |ah f`gh nf |ah t`bb `ol |a`| nf |ah tmolnt*fs`jh ns lnns*fs`jh/
Whh Fmd/ 1</-
Snbb snm-/ Mo |ah Mnomg Nslhs" |ah snxolmod hol nf |ah vnbx|h" tamga snbbw xuno m|whbf/ Whh Fmd/ 60/-
Snwh||h sn*{hf-/ @ g`svhl" gnovho|mno`bm{hl mjm|`|mno nf ` snwh ns n|ahs lh*
wmdo nf wmjmb`s" gmsgxb`s nx|bmoh" hqhgx|hl mo wnjh j`|hsm`b/ Whh Fmd/ =/-
Sxoomod lnd sxoomod lnd$- / @ Gb`wwmg" nso`jho|`b jnxblmod" dhohs`bb} xwhl
mo ` fsmh{h ns c`ol" shwhjcbmod |ah t`vh nso`jho|/ Whh J mo Ub`|h QB/-
Sxw|mg`|hl sxw$|m*i`*|hl-/ Shfhssmod |n |ah |sh`|jho| nf ` w|noh t`bb wxs*
f`gh" tahsh whu`s`|h cbngiw `sh bhf| tm|a ` snxda*ahto wxsf`gh usnkhg|mod
755
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fsnj |ah bmoh nf |ah knmo|w" tamga `sh shghwwhl mo ga`jfhshl ns shg|`odxb`s
dsnnvhw" `ol tanwh tml|a mw hjua`wm{hl/ Whh Fmd/ 48/-
8W`|xso w`$|xso-/ @ Snj`o dnl |n tanj t`w cxmb| `| Snjh `o hb`cns`|h
Gnsmo|am`o |hjubh/
Wg`bh wi`b-/ @ jh`ow nf usnuns|mno`|h jh`wxshjho|9 ds`lx`|hl" hwuhgm`bb}
taho hjubn}hl `w ` sxbh" chmod j`sihl c} bmohw ns lhdshhw `| shdxb`s mo*
|hsv`bw/ Whh `| bnths smda| gnsohs" Ub`|h MM/-
Wg`jn{{m wi`*jn{${m-/ @o M|`bm`o tsm|hs `ol `sgam|hg|" ` fnbbnths `ol uxumb
nf U`bb`lmn/ Whh Fmd/ 035/-
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ncwhsv`|mno/ @ jhwatnsi ub`ghl mo ` fs`jh |n usn|hg| ` uns|mno nf `
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|ah ub`gmod nf noh Nslhs `cnvh `on|ahs/ Whh Fmdw/ 37 `ol 3</-
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xw`dh nf tamga th iont/ M| l`|hw fsnj `cnx| 41 C/ G/
\`hom` |h$om*`-/ @ fmbbh| wxsjnxo|mod |ah Lnsmg `sgam|s`vh/ Whh Fmd/ 4 `ol
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QQQMMM/-
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ghs|`mo Lnsmg |hjubh cxmb| mo @|ahow tamga mw noh nf |ah |ashh jnw| uhs*
fhg| wxsvmvmod Dshhi |hjubhw/ Whh Fmd/ +0/-
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DBNWW@S] 347
\anbnw |an$bnw- ns \anbxw |an$bxw-/ @ gmsgxb`s cxmblmod9 ` lnjhl w|sxg|xsh9
h/ d/" |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw/ Whh Fmd/ 41 `ol Ub`|h B/-
\m|xw |m$|xw-/ Snj`o hjuhsns" 4=*10 @/ L/ Ah g`u|xshl Khsxw`bhj 45 @/ L/-
lxsmod |ah shmdo nf amw f`|ahs Vhwu`wm`o/ \ah @sga nf \m|xw mo Snjh
t`w hshg|hl mo gnjjhjns`|mno nf |amw hvho|/ Whh Fmd/ 07</-
\mvnbm |hv$n*bh-/ @ |nto oh`s Snjh ghbhcs`|hl fns m|w gmsgxb`s |hjubh nf Vhw*
|`" wantmod `o hqghbbho| hq`jubh nf |ah Snj`o Gnsmo|am`o Nslhs/ Whh
Fmd/ 075/-
\nsxw |n$sxw-/ \ah b`sdh" gnovhq jnxblmod nf whjmgmsgxb`s usnfmbh xwhl dho*
hs`bb} `w |ah bnthw| jhjchs" `ol kxw| `cnvh |ah ubmo|a taho m| mw hj*
ubn}hl nf |ah gnbxjo c`wh/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-
\s`k`o |s`$k`o-/ Snj`o hjuhsns" =1*004 @/ L/ F`jnxw fns amw t`sw
`d`mow| |ah L`gm`ow `ol U`s|am`ow/ \smxjua`b `sgahw mo amw anons thsh
hshg|hl `| Snjh `ol @ogno`/ Whh Fmd/ 074/-
\smdb}ua |sm$dbmf-/ @ lhgns`|mvh nso`jho| nggxssmod `| shdxb`s mo|hsv`bw mo
|ah fsmh{h nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" `ol ch`smod uhsuholmgxb`s mogmwmnow
ns ga`oohbw xuno m|w wxsf`gh/ Whh Fmd/ 4/-
\xjcbh*anjh |xj$cb*anj-/ W|smg|b}" ` o`x|mg`b |hsj shfhssmod |n |ah |`uhs*
mod ns wbnumod mo nf |ah wmlhw nf ` vhwwhb `w |ah} oh`s |ah |nu nf |ah cn`|9
xwhl mo |amw gnoohg|mno `w shfhssmod |n ` wmjmb`s wbnumod*mo nf ` gnbxjo ns
cxmblmod |nt`sl m|w |nu/ Whh Fmdw/ 78 `ol 76/-
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wxuunwhlb} lhsmvhl c} |ah Snj`ow fsnj ` gnjcmo`|mno nf |ah Dshhi
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\}ju`oxj |mj$u`*oxj-/ \ah |sm`odxb`s `sh` wxssnxolhl c} |ah gnsomghw
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\}uh |mu-/ \ah nsmdmo`b jnlhb ns imol tamga chgnjhw |ah wxckhg| nf gnu}9
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dmvmod ` lhhu anbbnt ns l`si wa`lnt choh`|a/ Whh J" Fmd/ <6/-
V`omwamod unmo| v`o$mwa*mod unmo|-/ @o mj`dmo`s} unmo| |nt`slw tamga |ah
ansm{no|`b bmohw nf ` cxmblmod `uuh`s |n gnovhsdh/
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ansm{no9 xusmda| 9 ubxjc/
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uhsmnl/ Whh Fmd/ 075/-
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CMCBMNDS@UA]
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CMCBMNDS@UA]
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uns|`o|" |anwh tm|a ` lnxcbh `w|hsmwi chmod hwuhgm`bb} shgnjjholhl/
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CMCBMNDS@UA] 344
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jnsh shgho| shwh`sgahw/
++D`xlh|; \ahnsmh lh M$ @sgam|hg|xsh/ \ahns} nf @sgam|hg|xsh/- U`smw/ 7
vnbxjhw/ \ah jnw| xu*|n*l`|h `ol hqa`xw|mvh tnsi no |ah wxckhg|"
fxbb} mbbxw|s`|hl/ C} ` usnfhwwns nf |ah Hgnbh lhw Ch`xq @s|w/ M| sh*
pxmshw ` s`|ahs dnnl gnjj`ol nf jnlhso gnovhsw`|mno`b Fshoga |n sh`l
m| tm|a h`wh/
D`mba`c`xl; Jnoxjho|w @ogmhow h| Jnlhsohw/ @ogmho| `ol Jnlhso Jnox*
jho|w/- @ gnbbhg|mno fnsjmod ` amw|ns} nf `sgam|hg|xsh/ U`smw" 0188/ <
vnbxjhw" 7== ub`|hw/ @o hb`cns`|h `ol wnjhta`| uhl`o|mg Fshoga tnsi/
+Bnodfhbbnt; Hog}gbnuhlm` nf @sgam|hg|xsh mo Dshhgh" M|`b}" `ol Fs`ogh/ Oht
]nsi/ @o mo|hshw|mod tnsi" |anxda ohm|ahs gnjubh|h ons c`b`oghl mo
wgnuh/
+Bxhcih; Amw|ns} nf @s|/ Hlm|hl c} Sxwwhbb W|xsdmw/ Oht ]nsi/ @ thbb*
gnowmlhshl vnbxjh/
Shchs; Amw|ns} nf @ogmho| @s|/ \s`owb`|hl c} K/ \/ Gb`sih" Oht ]nsi" 0113/
Mbbxw|s`|hl/ Wnjhta`| `sga`_nbndmg mo mo|ho|mno/
Sh}o`xl; \s`m|h l$ @sgam|hg|xsh/ \sh`|mwh no @sgam|hg|xsh/- U`smw/ \hq|
3 vnbxjhw9 ub`|hw" 3 vnbxjhw/ @on|ahs thbb*mbbxw|s`|hl Fshoga tnsi/
Wgabmhj`oo; J}gho`h/ \hq|/ Mbbxw|s`|mnow nf vhs} h`sb} Dshhi tnsi_
G}gbnuh`o/-
Wmjuwno" F/ J/; Amw|ns} nf @sgam|hg|xs`b Lhvhbnujho|/ Bnolno" 0=58/ @o
s*bmih vnbxjh/
W|xsdmw; Lmg|mno`s} nf @sgam|hg|xsh `ol Cxmblmod/ 7 vnbxjhw/ Oht]nsi;
\ah J`gjmbb`o Gn/ ,01/ @ jnlhso lmg|mno`s} mo Hodbmwa" tm|a j`o}
mbbxw|s`|mnow/
Xalh; @sgam|hg|xs`b Fnsjw nf Gb`wwmg @dhw" Oht ]nsi/ ,01/
+Vmnbbh|*bh*Lxg; Lmwgnxswhw no @sgam|hg|xsh/ Cnw|no/ 0148/ 3 vnbxjhw9
ub`|hw/ @ |s`owb`|mno nf ` cnni c} ` Fshoga shw|nshs `ol `x|ansm|}/
754
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341 CMCBMNDS@UA]
DSHHI @SGAM\HG\XSH
++@g`lhjmh lh b` Fs`ogh ` Snjh; Shw|`xs`|mnow lhw Jnoxjho|w @o|mpxhw/
Shw|ns`|mnow nf @ogmho| Jnoxjho|w/- U`smw/ 0144*=5/ Fnblmod
ub`|hw9vm{/ ;
\hjubhnf
Kxum|hs" U`o*Ahbbhomg"`|
*_Hdmo`/ C}G/ D`jmhs/
Wantw Dshhi gnbnsmod/- \ah \hjubhw nf Uwhw|xj/ Shw|ns`|mno c} A/
B`csnxw|h/ Ch`x|mfxbb} sholhshl `ol gnbnshl Fshoga ls`tmodw/
+@lbhs; Lmh C`xlhoij`bhs vno Nb}jum`/ Shj`mow nf Nb}jum`/- Chsbmo"
01=3/ \hq|" noh vnbxjh9 `|b`w" 43 ub`|hw/
Chxbh; B$ @gsnunbh l$ @|ahohw/ \ah @gsnunbmw nf @|ahow/- U`smw" 0187"
018</ \hq|9 ub`ow/
Cnh||mgahs" @/; Lmh @isnunbmw vno @|aho/ \ah @gsnunbmw nf @|ahow-/ Chs*
bmo" 0111/#
@/; Nb}jum`9 l`w Fhw| xol whmoh W|`||h/ Nb}jum`9 |ah Fhw|mv`b
`ol m|w Bng`|mno/- Chsbmo" 0117/ Mbbxw|s`|mnow9 ub`|hw/#
#
G`sb" D/ T/;* Xhchs lho U`s|ahono {x @|aho/ Gnoghsomod |ah
U`s|ahono `| @|ahow/- [hm|wgasmf| fxs C`xthwho" Vnbxjhw 3 `ol 7"
gnbnshl mbbxw|s`|mnow/ 0183" 0187/#
G/; Lmh \hi|nomi lhs Ahbbhoho/ \ah \hgaompxh nf |ah Ahbbh*
ohw-/ Chsbmo" 014</ #\hq|" 3 vnbxjhw mo noh9 `|b`w" <8 fnblmod ub`|hw
Csxoo; Lmh Cmblthsih lhw U`s|ahono/ \ah Umg|xshw nf |ah U`s|ahono/-
Usnghhlmodw nf |ah Sn}`b C`v`sm`o @g`lhj} nf Wgmhoghw/ Vnbxjh 3"
uu/ 7*85/ 014</
Cxssnt; \ah Hbdmo J`scbhw" tm|a `o `csmldhl amw|nsmg`b `ol |nunds`uamg`b`ggnxo| nf @|ahow/ Vnbxjh 0/ Bnolno" 0104/
Cx|bhs" A/ G/; @sgam|hg|xsh `ol N|ahs @s|w/ Oht ]nsi/ Gho|xs} Gn/" 0=57/
U`s| MM nf |ah uxcbmg`|mnow nf `o @jhsmg`o `sga`hnbndmg`b hquhlm|mno |n
W}sm` mo 01==*0=55/-*
Fnblmod ub`|hw/
+Gamumh{ ; Amw|nmsh Gsm|mpxh lhw Nsmdmohw h| lh b` Fnsj`|mno lhw Nslshw Dshgw/
Gsm|mg`b Amw|ns} nf |ah Nsmdmo `ol Fnsj`|mno nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw/-
U`smw/ Mbbxw|s`|hl/ @ w|`ol`sl cx| s`|ahs `sga`hnbndmg`b Fshoga tnsi/
+Gngihshbb; \hjubhw `| Hdmo` `ol C`wwnw" h|g/ Bnolno" 0165/
Ub`|hw/
Gnbbmdono; J`ox`b nf Dshhi @sgahnbnd} / \s`owb`|hl c} K/ A/ Tsmda|/
Bnolno/ 0116/ Mbbxw|s`|hl/ \ah Fmoh @s|w Bmcs`s}/- G`wwhbb/ 8
wambbmodw/
+Lxsj; Lmh C`xixow| lhs Dsmhgaho/ \ah @sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Dshhiw/-
L`sjw|`l|" 0110/ Ub`|hw/ A`olcxga lhs @sgam|hi|xs/ U`s| 3" Vnb*
xjh 0/-*
J`o} dnnl mbbxw|s`|mnow/
Lxsx}; Lmh @isnunbmw vno @|aho/ \ah @gsnunbmw nf @|ahow/- Jxomga"
01=8/
Hv`ow `ol F}fh; Jmol`o U`b`gh nf Ionwwnw" Gsh|h/ Knxso`b" Sn}`b Mow|m*
|x|h Csm|mwa @sgam|hg|w/- 0=57/
F`xsh; Bh G`ono lhw Usnuns|mnow ho @sgam|hg|xsh Dshgpxh/ \ah B`t nf Usn*
uns|mnow mo Dshhi @sgam|hg|xsh/- \ah U`s|ahono" ns \hjubh nf Jmohsv`"
`| @|ahow/ U`smw" 01=8/
Ahx{h} `ol L`xjn|; Jmwwmno @sgaghnbndmpxh lh b` J`ghlnmoh/ @sga`hnbndm*
g`b Jmwwmno nf J`ghlnom`/- U`smw" 0146/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/
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CMCBMNDS@UA] 34=
Am||nsff `ol [`o|a; @sgam|hg|xsh @o|mpxh lh b` Wmlbh/ @ogmho| @sgam|hg|xsh
nf Wmgmb}/- U`smw/ 0134>- <1 fnblmod ub`|hw/
Motnnl; Hshgabahmno/ \ah Hshga|ahxj/- Bnolno" 0170/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/
Inblhth} `ol Uxgaw|hmo; Lmh Dsmhgamwgaho \hjuhb mo Xo|hsm|`bmho xol Wml*bmho/ \ah Dshhi \hjubhw mo Bnths M|`b} `ol Wmgmb}/- Wantw ushwho|
gnolm|mno nf |hjubhw/
++B`bnxq; B$ @sgam|hg|xsh Dshgpxh/ Dshhi @sgam|hg|xsh/- U`smw" 0111/ Mb*
bxw|s`|hl/ @o hqghu|mno`b gnbbhg|mno nf Gb`wwmg lh|`mbw `ol shw|ns`|mnow"
`bb ch`x|mfxbb} ls`to `ol shusnlxghl/
++B`bnxq `ol Jnogh`xq; Shw|`xs`|mno l$ Nb}jumg / Shw|ns`|mno nf Nb}j*
um`/- U`smw" 011=/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/ @on|ahs tnsi nf wmjmb`s ga`s`g|hs
|n |ah ushghlmod" `ol nf `bjnw| hpx`b v`bxh/
B`csnxw|h; Whh @g`lhjmg/
Bh C`w; Vn}`dh @sgaghnbndmpxh ho Dshgh h| ho @wmh Jmohxsh 01<3*<<-/ @s*
ga`hnbndmg`b \s`vhbw mo Dshhgh `ol @wm` Jmons/- U`smw" 0111/ Ub`|hw
Cmcbmn|ahpxh lhw Jnoxjho|w Fmdxshw Dshgw h| Snj`mow/ Cmcbmnds`ua}$
nf |ah Dshhi `ol Snj`o Wgxbu|xshl Jnoxjho|w/-
J`doh; Bh U`s|ahono/ \ah U`s|ahono/- U`smw" 01=8/
Jmga`hbbw; Lhs U`s|ahono/ \ah U`s|ahono/- Bhmu{md" 0145/ \hq|" 0 vnb*
xjh9 fnblmod ub`|hw" 0 vnbxjh/
Jmllbh|no; Ub`ow `ol Ls`tmodw nf @|ahom`o Cxmblmodw/ Hlm|hl c} H/ @/
D`slohs/ Bnolno" 0=55/ Wngmh|} fns |ah Usnjn|mno nf Ahbbhomg
W|xlmhw/- Gno|`mow ub`|hw nf @gsnunbmw `ol Hshga|ahxj/
Jxss`}" @/ W/ ; A`olcnni nf Dshhi @sgaghnbnd}/ Bnolno" 01=3/ Mbbxw|s`|hl
tm|a ub`|hw/
Oht|no `ol Uxbb`o; @ Amw|ns} nf Lmwgnvhsmhw `| A`bmg`so`wwxw" Gomlxw" `ol
Cs`ogamlgh/ Bnolno" 0163/ \hq|" 3 vnbxjhw9 `|b`w" 0 vnbxjh9 fnblmod
ub`|hw/
Njno| Hlm|ns- ; @|ahohw `x QVMMh Wmhgbh/ @|ahow mo |ah 04|a Gho|xs}/-
Lhwmdow nf |ah wgxbu|xshw nf |ah U`s|ahono/ U`smw" 01=1/
Uhooh|ansoh; \ah Dhnjh|s} `ol Nu|mgw nf @ogmho| @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno"
0141/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/
Uhosnwh; @o Movhw|md`|mno nf |ah Usmogmubhw nf @|ahom`o @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno"
0180/ Ub`|hw/ Wngmh|} nf Lmbh||`o|m/-
Uhssn| `ol Gamumh{; Amw|nmsh lh V @s| l`ow M$@o|mpxm|h/ Amw|ns} nf @ogmho|
@s|/- \s`owb`|mno/
Whss`lmf`bgn ; Bh @o|mgam|` lhbb` Wmgmbm`/ \ah @sgam|hg|xsh nf Wmgmb}/- U`*
bhsjn" 017<*<3/ 8 vnbxjhw/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/ Want Dshhi gnbnsmod/-
Wngmh|} nf Lmbh||`o|m; @o|mpxm|mhw nf Mnom`/ Bnolno" 04=4/ < vnbxjhw/
Fnblmod ub`|hw/
Xohlm|hl @o|mpxm|mhw$ nf @||mg` //// Hbhxwmw" Sa`joxw" Wxomxj" `ol
\ansmgxw/ Bnolno" 0104/ 41 ub`|hw/
Wngmh|} fns |ah Usnjn|mno nf Ahbbhomg W|xlmhw ; Uxcbmg`|mnow/
++W|x`s| `ol Shvh||; @o|mpxm|mhw nf @|ahow/ Bnolno" 0463*0175/ 8 vnb*
xjhw" fnblmod ub`|hw/ @o nbl" w|`ol`sl tnsi" tm|a j`o} dnnl `ol v`b*
x`cbh ub`|hw/
75=
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315 CMCBMNDS@UA]
\hqmhs; @wmh Jmohxsh/ @wm` Jmons/- U`smw" 017=/ 7 vnbxjhw" 3<0 fnblmod
ub`|hw/
\sntcsmldh; \ah @gsnunbmw nf @|ahow" 0114/ \ah shwxb|w nf |ah b`|hw| hq*
ubns`|mnow nf |ah `sga`hnbndmg`b wgannbw nf @|ahow/ Oht ]nsi" 0114/
++T`||" K/ G/ ; Hq`jubhw nf Dshhi `ol Unjuhmm`o Lhgns`|mno/
Tmbimow ; @ o|mpxm|mhw nf J`do` Dsghgm`/
DSHHI UNB]GASNJH
Fhodhs; Lnsmwgah Unb}gasnjmh/ Lnsmg Unb}gsnjh/- Chsbmo" 0116/
F}fh; Lhgns`|mnow `| Ionwwnw/ Mo Knxso`b" Sn}`b Mow|m|x|h Csm|mwa @sgam*
|hg|w" vnbxjh 05" u`dh 054" ub`|hw 0*3/
Am||nsff; Shw|m|x|mno lx \hjubh l$ Hjuhlngbh & Whbmono|h9 nx B$@sgam|hg|xsh
Unb}gasnjh gah{ bhw Dshgw/ Shw|ns`|mno nf |ah \hjubh nf Hjuhlngbhw`| Whbmoxw9 ns |ah Unb}gasnjh @sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Dshhiw/- U`smw" 0180/
\hq|" 0 vnbxjh9 `|b`w" 38 ub`|hw/
+Knohw" Ntho/ ; Ds`jj`s nf Nso`jho|/ Bnolno" 0186/ 7 vnbxjhw" fnblmod
ub`|hw/ @ thbb*ionto tnsi nf gnbnshl nso`jho| mo lmffhsho| w|}bhw `ol
uhsmnlw/
B`x; Dshhi V`whw/
Shmo`ga; Vn}`dh @sgaghnbndmpxh/ @sga`hnbndmg`b \s`vhbw/-
[`ao; Nso`jho|h/ Nso`jho|/- Ub`|hw/
CNNIW NO SNJ@O @SGAM\HG\XSH SHB@\MOD \N\AH NSLHSW
+@g`lhjmg lh b` Fs`ogh ` Snjh; B` C`wmbmpxh Xbumhooh/ \ah Xbum`o C`*
wmbmg`/- B` Gnbnooh \s`k`ooh \ah Gnbxjo nf \s`k`o/- Snjh/ Bh
\hjubh lh J`sg*@xshbh/ \ah \hjubh nf J`sgxw @xshbmxw/- Bh \hjubh
lh Vhw|`/ \ah \hjubh nf Vhw|`/- \ahsjhw lh Lmngbh|m`o/ \ahsj`h" ns
C`|aw" nf Lmngbh|m`o/-
@l`j; Sxmow nf |ah U`b`gh nf Lmngbh|m`o `| Wu`b`|sn/ Bnolno" 046</-
Fnblmod ub`|hw/
+Ganmw}; B$ @s| lh C`|ms gah{ bhw Snj`mow/ \ah @s| nf Cxmblmod `jnod |ah
Snj`ow/- U`smw" 0147/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/
Lhwdnlh|{; Bhw Hlmfmghw @o|mpxhw lh Snjh/ \ah @ogmho| Cxmblmodw nf
Snjh/- Snjh" 0133" 01<7/ < vnbxjhw" 335 fnblmod ub`|hw/
+Lxsj; Lmh C`xixow| lhs Snjhs/ \ah @sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Snj`ow/-
L`sjw|`l|" 0118/ Ub`|hw/ A`olcxga lhs @sgam|hi|xs" U`s| 3" vnbxjh
3/-
++l$Hwunx}; Fs`djho|w @o|mpxhw/ @ogmho| Fs`djho|w/-
B`ogm`om; @ogmho| Snjh mo |ah Bmda| nf Shgho| Lmwgnvhsmhw/ Cnw|no" 0111/
Jmllbh|no" K/ A/ ; \ah Shj`mow nf @ogmho| Snjh/ Bnolno" 01=3/ 3 vnbxjhw"
mbbxw|s`|hl/
++U`bb`lmn; Nhxvshw Gnjubh|hw/ Gnjubh|h Tnsiw/- U`smw" 01<3/ 3 vnb*
xjhw" fnblmod ub`|hw/ \ah chw| nf |ah Sho`mww`ogh tnsiw xuno |ah Gb`w*
wmg Nslhsw/
705
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CMCBMNDS@UA] 310
+Ums`ohwh; Tnsiw gno|`momod csmbbm`o| hods`vmodw nf `ogmho| `sgam|hg|xsh/-
U`smw" 0178*7=/ 3= vnbxjhw mo 34-" fnblmod ub`|hw/
+\`}bns `ol Gshw}; \ah @sgam|hg|xs`b @o|mpxm|mhw nf Snjh Jh`wxshl `ol Lh*
bmoh`|hl/ Bnolno" 0130*33/ 3 vnbxjhw" 03= fnblmod ub`|hw/
Vm|sxvmxw Unbbmn; Gmvmb @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno" 0103/ Ub`|hw/ \ah nob}
Snj`o tsm|hs no `sgam|hg|xs`b wxckhg|w tanwh tnsiw a`vh chho ush*
whsvhl/ \ah mbbxw|s`|mnow `bb l`|h fsnj |ah Sho`mww`ogh nob}/ \ah
dsh`| `x|ansm|} no |ah Nslhsw" cx| nf jnsh amw|nsmg`b |a`o us`g|mg`b v`bxh/
Tnnl; \ah Sxmow nf U`bj}s` `ol C``bchg/ Bnolno" 0134/ Fnblmod ub`|hw
700
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@ W|xl} mo Uho `ol Moi Sholhsmod/ Fns ` lmffhsho| |sh`|jho| nf |ah
w`jh cxmblmod whh u`dh 4<" U`s| VMM/
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SHOLHSMOD MO UHO @OL MOI"
\n sholhs mo uho `ol moi `
b`sdh`ol mjuns|`o| ls`tmod mw
on wj`bb`ggnjubmwajho|/ Xwx*
`bb} }h`sw nf hquhsmhogh `sh ohg*
hww`s} chfnsh noh g`o wxghww*
fxbb} xolhs|`ih wxga ls`tmodw/
Ont `ol |aho ` w|xlho| mw |n ch
fnxol a`vmod |`bho| |n |ah hq*
|ho| |a`| |ah `||`mojho| nf |amw
wimbb whhjw ` vhs} h`w} j`||hs"
cx| modhohs`b |amw |`bho| mw gnj*
u`s`|mvhb} s`sh/ Omoh|}*fmvh
nx|
nf hvhs} axolshl a`vh `bnod
|`wi `ah`l chfnsh wxgghww mw
unw*wmcbh/ \amw
lmffmgxb|}nf `||`mo*
jho|" anthvhs" j`ihw |ah `g*
gnjubmwajho| `bb |ah jnsh v`b*
x`cbh/ On noh tnxblhquhg| |n
bh`so hods`vmod no tnnl mo ` fht csmhf bhwwnow" `ol }h| mo uho `ol
moisholhsmod lmffmgxb|mhw `sh |n ch jh| on| xobmih |anwh gnoohg|hl
tm|ahods`vmod/
Cx| |ahsh `sh j`o} |amodw gnoghsomod uho `ol moi tnsi
tamga g`o chsh`lmb}
bh`sohl9 |ah} `sh tns|a |ah |snxcbh `ol |ah
b`cns hquholhl" `ol j`} usnvh xwhfxb/ @ gnowmlhs`|mno nf |ahwh
tmbb" mo `o} g`wh" mo|snlxgh |ah `s| `ol whsvh `bwn `w ` dnnl fnxol`*
|mno fns fxs|ahs uxswxm| nf |ah wxckhg|mf lhwmshl/
M| mw |ah uxsunwh nf |amw u`uhs |n whhi |ah jnw| jnlhw| nf
shwxb|w" tamga j`} ch wh| fns|a |axw" |ahsholhsmod nf ` wj`bb
cxmblmod`| ` wj`bb wg`bh mo |ah
vhs} wmjubhw| j`oohs"tm|a fht
ns on `gghwwnsmhw/
Imol nf Ls`tmod/ \ahsh `sh |ashh t`}w mo tamga ` wih|ga
j`} ch sholhshl" vm{; tm|auho" uhogmb"
ns csxwa/ Uho sholhsmod
tmbb ch gnowmlhshl fmsw|" `ol b`|hs `llm|mno`b on|hw tmbb ch j`lh `w
|nuhogmb tnsi/ Iholhsmod tm|a |ah csxwa mw `on|ahs bmoh nf tnsi"
707
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SHOLHSMOD
cx| jxga |a`| j`} ch `lvmwhl moshd`sl |n uho sholhsmod tnxbl
`bwn `uub}|n csxwa tnsi/
J@\HSM@BW/
Uhow/ \ah |holhog} nf$ chdmoohsw mw |n xwh |nn fmoh `uho/
M| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`| j`o} uho ls`tmodw `sh shusnlxg|mnow
jxga wj`bbhs |a`o |ah nsmdmo`bw"`ol
gnowhpxho|b} |ah bmohw `uuh`s
jxga fmohs |a`o mo |ah ls`tmod m|whbf/ \ahsh `sh |tn uhow |a`| g`o
ch shgnjjholhl" wanto ahshtm|a/ ]h`sw nf hquhsmhogh usnvh
|ahj |n chuhsfhg|b} w`|mwf`g|ns}/ Ngg`wmno`bb}
` fmohs
uho
mw
ohhlhl" wxga `w Dmbbn|| On/ 757/ \ah Hw|hscsnni On/ 0<" `b`sdhs
uho"mw
ohghww`s}mo j`imod |ah cb`gihs
uns|mnownf `
ls`tmod/\ah
Dmbbn|| <5< mw |n ch xwhl fnsdhohs`b
tnsi" mo |ah w`jh ls`tmod/Moi mw on| nf `w
HW\HHCSNNI C@OIUHO" ON/ 0</ jxga mjuns|`ogh
`wuhow/ \ah v`*
DMBBN\\ ON/ <5</ smnx w ushu`shl
Molm` moiw ux| xumo cn||bhw `sh `bb |a`| g`o ch lhwmshl/ \ah} `sh jnsh gnovhomho|
|a`o moi |a`| jxw| ch sxcchl xu" `ol |ah} a`vh |ah `lv`o|`dh
nf `bt`}w chmod usnuhsb} cb`gi/ Wnjh nslmo`s} tsm|mod*moiw
whsvh |ah uxsunwh vhs} thbb mf shusnlxg|mno mw on| `o nckhg|" cx|
mf shusnlxg|mno mw lhwmshl" Molm` moi" chmod cb`gi" mwushfhsshl/
U`uhs/ \ah vhs} chw| wxsf`gh mw ` a`sl Csmw|nb cn`sl/ \ah
wnf|hs imolw nf Csmw|nb cn`slw wanxbl ch `vnmlhl" `w |ah} tmbb on|
w|`ol hs`wxsh/ Jnw| nf |ah ls`tmod u`uhsw ln vhs}thbb/ Ta`|*
j`o$w an| ushwwhl u`uhs mw vhs} w`|mwf`g|ns}/@o hqghbbho| ls`t*
mod wxsf`gh mw nc|`mohl c} jnxo|mod ` wjnn|a u`uhs no g`slcn`sl"
|axwnc|`momod
` bhvhb wxsf`gh |a`| tmbb on| wusmod xu tm|a h`ga
ushwwxsh nf |ahuho/
\amw mw hpxmv`bho| |n ` Csmw|nb cn`sl/
Anthvhs" |ah wm{h nf Csmw|nb cn`sl mw bmjm|hl `ol fshpxho|b} ls`t*
modwjxw| ch jxga
b`sdhs"mo tamga g`wh |ah jnxo|hl u`uhs mw `
ohghwwm|}/
BMOH TNSI/
Px`bm|} nf Bmoh/ \nn jxga w|shww g`oon| ch b`ml no |ah mj*
uns|`ogh nf ` dnnl bmoh" anthvhsmowmdomfmg`o|
m| j`} whhj/ G`sh
mo h`ga molmvmlx`b bmoh mw`cwnbx|hb} ohghww`s}
fns dnnl tnsi/ @ bmoh
70<
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ANXWH @\ FS@JMODA@J" J@WW/" @W SHJNLHBHL FNS
G/ B@ VHSOH CX\BHS" HWP/
Fs`oi Ganx|h`x Csnto" @sgam|hg|" Cnw|no" J`ww/
@b|hs`|mnow no |amw Ub`w|hs Anxwh Gnjubh|hl mo |ah Wusmod nf 0=56 `| ` Gnw| nf
,1"555/ \`imod mo|n Gnowmlhs`|mno |ah Ga`odhw J`lh mo |ah Anxwh `ol |ah TnsiUx| mo no Shu`msmod `ol S`mwmod |ah Snnf" h|g// `o Ho|mshb} Oht Anxwh nf |amw
Wm{h Gnxbl ch Cxmb| fns Oh`sb} |amw Wxj*Ghs|`mob} tm|amo ,="555/ Fns Ub`ow/ Whh
U`dh 770/
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HHOLHHMOD
DNNL PX@BM\] NF BMOH/
|a`| mw w|mff `ol a`sl" fhhcbh" wgs`|ga}ns csniho" tmbb on| ln/ Wxga
tnsi tmbb sxmo `
ls`tmod
|a`| mo n|ahs
shwuhg|w j`}ch hqghb*
bho|/ \ah `ggnju`o}mod mbbxw|s`|mno c} noh nf |ah w|xlho|w nf |ah
J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd} mw `o hq`jubh nf hqghbbho|
px`bm|}nf bmoh/ H`ga bmoh" hvho |n |ah vhs} wj`bbhw|" a`w ds`gh
`ol
ch`x|}/ C} ` vhs} fht" |ah`cmbm|}
|n j`ih wxga bmohw mwwuhhlmb}
`g*
pxmshl cx| c} ` fhtnob} n|ahsw j`} `||`mo m| c} g`shfxb
us`g|mgh/
Hvhs} bmoh nf ` ls`tmod |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah cxmblmod`ol
h`ga bmoh nf |ahsholhsmod" hvho |n |ah vhs} wans|hw| jxw| ch lnoh
fhhbmodb}" ds`ghfxbb}" unwm|mvhb}/ Xwx`bb} `
wbmda|gxsvh mw `lvmw`cbh `ol mf bnod bmohw `sh
xwhl" ` px`vhs ns |shjcbh `llw jxga |n |ah
shwxb|/ H`ga bmoh nf ` wa`lnt wanxbl a`vh
`wbmda| ushwwxsh
nf |ah uho `| |ah bnths
$hol/ \amw usnlxghw` l`si hldh mo |ah dsnxu nf bmohw |a`|
708
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SHOLHSMOD
j`ih |ah wa`lntw" dmvmodlhfmom|hohww |n |ah wa`lnt `ol gno|s`w|
|n |ah tam|h bmda|chbnt m|/
Jh|anl/ \ah gnjcmo`|mno nf molmvmlx`b bmohw usnlxghw ta`|th j`} |hsj ` jh|anl/ \ah molmvmlx`b bmoh j`} ch dnnl cx|
|ah gnjcmomod j`} ch xofns|xo`|h/ Mo j`imod ` t`wa ls`tmodon |anxda| mw ohghww`s} gnoghsomod |ah lmshg|mno nf |ah t`wa" cx|
mo xwmod bmohw `| nogh |ah pxhs} `smwhw `w |n ta`| lmshg|mno |ah}
HQGHBBHO\ JH\ANL/
wa`bb |`ih/ @ jh|anl mw wnjh|amod noh jxw| dsnt mo|n fsnj `
wj`bb" wmjubh chdmoomod/ \ah `ggnju`o}mod mbbxw|s`|mno" |ah
tnsi nf `on|ahs J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd} w|xlho|" mw
`o hq`jubh nf s`sh wimbb mo jh|anl pxmgib} `gpxmshl/ \ahsh mw `o
x||hs `cwhogh nf `o}|amod smdmlns jhga`omg`b mo |ah tanbh/ Nc*
whsvh antwnf|b}
|ah hldhw nf |ah ls`tmod jhsdh mo|n |ah tam|h nf
|ahu`uhs/
\ahvmdns nf |ah ls`tmod mw d`|ahshl mo |ah lnsjhs
m|whbf/
706
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HHOLHHMOD
Vhs|mg`b Bmohw/ \ah
wmjubhw| jh|anl mw nc*
|`mohl c} |ah xwh nf |ahvhs|mg`b bmoh/ Wnjh ls`t"
modwg`o ch j`lh
ho|mshb}
c} |amw jh`ow/ WhhFmd/
7" hvhs}bmoh nf tamga mw
vhs|mg`b/ \amw mbbxw|s`|hw
|ah v`bxh nf ` dnnl molm*
vmlx`b bmoh/ M| tmbb ch
ncwhsvhl |a`| `b|anxda vhs*
|mg`b" |ahwh bmohw `sh on|
whvhshb} w|s`mda|`ol
w|mff"
|ah}|shjcbh ` bm||bh" ns
a`vh `wbmda| wxddhw|mno
nf ` gxsvh/ Mo |ah wa`l*
Fmd/ </
FHHH BMOH JH\ANL"
Fmd/ 7/
VHS\MG@B BMOH JH\ANL/
nt `| |ah cn||nj nf |ah
ls`tmod h`ga bmoh mw hj*
ua`wm{hl `| |ah |nu c} `
wbmda| ushwwxsh" `ol j`lh
|amo `| |ah bnths hol mo
nslhs |n wnf|ho nff |ah
hldhw nf |ah ls`tmod `w `
tanbh/
Fshh Bmohw/ Fmd/<
wantw `on|ahs jh|anl/
\ah vhs|mg`b bmoh mw lmw*
g`slhl `ol |ah fshhw|unw*
wmcbh bmoh mw xwhl/ On
noh lmshg|mno mw fnbbnthl"
cx| |ah bmohw dn mo `o}
ns `bb lmshg|mnow/ #Tbmmga
704
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IHOLHIMOD
mw |ah ch||hs jh|anl > \ah `owths lnxc|bhww jxw| ch |a`| |ah fshh
jh|anl mw |ah bh`w| gnowumgxnxw/M| mw ch||hs `l`u|hl fns
dhohs`b
xwh" mo |ah wantmod nf v`smnxw wxsf`ghw `ol |hq|xshw/
V@SMNXW HQ@JUBHW NF C@L JH\ANLW/
Wans|" csniho bmoh" shwxb|mod mo
` wun||} hffhg|9 ` f`xb| gnjjno
tm|a chdmoohsw/ \ah tam|h wu`ghw
ch|thho |ah holw nf |ah bmohw `sh
vhs} gnowumgxnxw/
\ah nuunwm|h mo ga`s`g|hs |n @/
Bnod" xocsniho bmohw" cx| wn wh*
vhshb} w|s`mda| `w |n ch a`sl `ol
ls} mo dhohs`b `uuh`s`ogh/
Wans| bmohw" molmvmlx`bb} |ah} Lmshg|mno nf bmoh on| c`l" cx| mw
j`} ch vhs} dnnl" `w |ah} gxsvh s`|ahs |nn gn`swh |n ch `dshh`cbh"
fshhb}" cx| |ah gnjcmo`|mno mw Tmlh wu`gmod nf bmohw no bmda| uns*
fxww} `ol fmoomgi}/ |mnow `ll |n |ah gn`swh shwxb|/
\ahwh mbbxw|s`|h fnxs c`l jh|anlw/ @ a`w |ah bh`w| jhsm|" |ah
n|ahsw `uusn`ga |n ` f`mspx`bm|}/
Mo H `o hffns| mw j`lh |n `vnml
`bb |ah f`xb|w wanto mo |ah n|ahsw |ah wans| ns whvhshb} w|s`mda|
bmoh" |ah nvhs b`cns gnjcmo`|mno nf G" `ol |ah gn`swh bmoh nf L/
BMDA\ @OL WA@LH/
V`bxhw/ Mf whvhs`b bmohw `sh ls`tou`s`bbhb
`ol pxm|h gbnwh
|ndh|ahs"cx| on|
|nxgamod"`ds`}"
ns a`bf*|noh v`bxh mw |ah shwxb|/
701
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SHOLHSMOD
Bmohw ls`to wn gbnwh|ndh|ahs
|a`| |ah moi nf noh sxow mo|n |a`| nf
|ah n|ahs" tm|a bm||bh ns on tam|hwu`gh ch|thho" dmvh
` cb`gi
v`bxh/ \ah tam|h nf |ah u`uhs xo|nxgahl c} |ah uho dmvhw`
tam|h v`bxh/Fmd/
8 wantw nob} |tn v`bxhw cb`gi `ol tam|h9
Fmd/6 `bwn a`w |tn" ds`}
`oltam|h9 Fmd/
4 a`w |ah
|ashh" cb`gi" ds`} `ol tam|h/
\ah fmsw| mw a`swa" |ah whgnol
mwu`bh"
`ol |ah |amsl whhjw
jnw|w`|mwf`g|ns}/
\amw mw ` w`fh sxbh |n fnbbnt
dh| mo|n hvhs} uho ls`tmod"
cb`gi" ds`} `ol tam|h/ Xwx*
`bb}" mo h`sb} `||hju|w" |ahsh
mw ` |holhog} |n njm| |ahcb`gi/CB@GI\OL TAM\H/
Bnni fns |ahub`gh
mo |ah
Fmd/ 6/
DS@] @OL TAM\H/
Fmd/ 4/
CB@GI" DS@] @OL TAM\H/
70=
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05 IHOLHIMOD
ls`tmod tahsh }nx g`o bng`|h |amw cb`gi9 }nx `sh on|bmihb}
|ndh|
|nn jxga nf m|/ Bh| |ah a`bf |noh ns ds`} ch s`|ahsbmda|"
jml*
t`} mo w|shod|a ch|thho tam|h `ol cb`gi/ @ ah`v} a`bf |noh mw
Fmd/ 1/
NOH WMLH MO WA@LH/
` l`odhsnxw v`bxh/ \ah cb`gi j`} nf|ho ds`lh nff mo|n |ahds`}"
ns |ahsh j`} ch lmw|mog| fmhblw ns `sh`w nf h`ga v`bxh/
Bmda|mod/ \ah fmsw| |amod |n gnowmlhs mo |ahsholhsmod nf `o
`sgam|hg|xs`b wxckhg| mw |ah gannwmod nf |ah lmshg|mno nfbmda|/
Wnjh|mjhw taho |ahcxmblmod
mw |xsohl thbb |n |ah fsno|" wantmod
Fmd/
=/
@BB MO BMDA\/
` wa`su sh|xso nf |ah hol" m| j`} ch chw| |n ux| |a`| wmlh mo wa`lh/
Fmd/ 1" cx| m| mw on| ohghww`s}/ ]`bxhw j`} ch nc|`mohl c} n|ahs
jh`ow wxga `w c} wa`lntw" ns gnbns nf j`|hsm`b/ M| mw on|
tmwh |n`||hju|
` ah`v} sholhsmod mo uho tnsi/ Xwx`bb} m| mw w`fhs
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HHOLHSMOD 00
|n ihhu cn|a wmlhw nf |ahcxmblmod
mobmda|
`w wanto mo |tn nf |ahwh
wih|gahw" Fmdw/= `ol 05/
Fmd/ 05/
@BB MO BMDA\ TM\A A@BF*\NOH V@BXH \N SNNF/
Gnbns nf A`|hsm`b/ Noh nf |ah jh`ow c} tamga v`bxhw j`} ch
mo|snlxghl mo|n `sholhsmod"
mw c} gnowmlhsmod |ah gnbns nf |ah j`*
|hsm`b nf tamga|ah
cxmblmodmw gnow|sxg|hl/
Fmd/ 00/
A@BF*\NOH T@BBW/
Mo |amw hq`jubh" Fmd/ 00" th j`} fmsw| xwh |ah csmgi t`bbw `w
`ub`gh
|n bng`|h ` ds`}v`bxh/ Mo |ah whgnol hq`jubh" Fmd/ 03"
|ah snnf mw xwhl fns |ah w`jh v`bxh/ Fns |ah vhs}l`si ns cb`gi
v`bxh th jxw| lhuhol no |ah wa`lntw/ Ohm|ahs noh nf |ahwh ls`t*
730
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03 SHOLHSMOD
modwmw tanbb} w`|mwf`g|ns}/
Mo |ah fmsw|" |ah snnf" `ol mo |ah n|ahs"
|ah t`bbw" whhj |nn db`smodb}tam|h/ Fns |a`| sh`wno m| mw on|
`bt`}w chw| |n xwh|ah j`|hsm`b
gnbns wn csn`lb}/ \n dmvh gnbns |n
Fmd/ 03/
A@BF*\NOH SNNF/
Fmd/ 07/
@ GNJUSNJMWH/
cn|a t`bbw `ol snnf tnxbl lhw|sn} |ah tam|h v`bxh" `ol |ah tam|h
v`bxh jxw| on| ch bnw|/Fmd/
07 wantw `o`||hju| `| ` gnjusn*
jmwh/
Wa`lntw Nob}/ \ahwmjubhw| jh`ow fns nc|`momod v`bxhw mw
733
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SHOLHSMOD 07
c} |ah xwh nf wa`lntw/ Wnjh|mjhw |ah wa`lntw `bnoh tmbb gnj*
ubh|h` ls`tmod mo ` vhs} w`|mwf`g|ns} j`oohs" `w mo
Fmd/0</
Wnjh nf |ah wa`lntwj`}
ch j`lhds`}"
`ol n|ahsw cb`gi nsoh`sb}
wn" mo nslhs |ndh|
|ah ohhlhlv`smh|}
mo
v`bxhw/
@ cxmblmod bmih |a`| wanto moFmd/ 08"
\ah @blho Anxwh" mw on| f`vns`cbh |n
wa`lntwnob}/
M| a`w on unsga ns n|ahs
usnkhg|mno wxffmgmho|b} b`sdh|n g`w| `
w|snodwa`lnt/ Mo wxga ` g`wh ` bm||bh
`gghwwns} ahbuw noh nx| nf |ah lmffmgxb|}"
`ol ` bm||bh sholhsmod nf |ah j`|hsm`b dmvhw
ohhlhl a`bf |noh/ N|ahstmwh |ah ls`t*
mod tnxbl ch |nn tam|h/
Usmogmu`bm|} ns @ggho|/ Th ont ho|hs
mo|n ` j`||hs nf gnjunwm|mno/ Noh wmj*
ubhsxbh tmbb ch dmvho `ol |ahsh mw onoh
jnsh xwhfxb/ Bh| |ahsh ch nohub`gh
mo
|ah ls`tmod tahsh `w|snod `ggho| nf cb`gi wa`bb hqmw|/ M| j`} ch
noh cb`gi" ns m| j`} ch ` dsnxu nf |ahj/ \amw `ggho| tmbb ch
fnxol mo oh`sb} hvhs} mbbxw|s`|mno mo |amw u`uhs/M| mw
xwx`bb}chw| |n
Fmd/ 0</
WA@LNTW NOB]/
Fmd/ 08/
dh||ah `ggho| mo |ah cxmblmod m|whbf" c} |ah `ml nf wnjh b`sdh
wa`l*
ntuhsa`uw"
cx| taho |ahsh mw on ga`ogh fns |amw m| j`} ch ohghw*
w`s}|n
dh|m| mo `o `gghwwns}
wxga `wfnbm`dh/
\amw mw wanto
moFmd/ 06" ` ls`tmod nf ` c`so/ Mo gnoohg|mno tm|a |amw
cb`gi `ggho| bh| |ahsh ch ` b`sdh tam|h `sh` mfunwwmcbh/
@usmogm*
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IHOLHIMOD 08
u`b tam|h" `w thbb `w `usmogmu`b
cb`gi mw |axw nc|`mohl/ Jnw|
ls`tmodw uhsjm| |ah l`si `ggho| `ol |ahbmda|
`sh` `bwn/
Fmd/ 04 mw sholhshl |n ` dsh`|hs hq|ho| |a`o wanxbl ch `|*
|hju|hl c} |ah w|xlho| mo |amw gnxswh" cx| m| j`} chahbufxb |n
g`bb `||ho|mno |n wnjh |amodw mo m|wgnjunwm|mno/ /
Fmd/ 06/
\ah bng`|mno nf |ah l`si `ggho| mw`uu`sho|
mo |ah |shhw `| |ah
bhf|/ \ah n|ahs cb`giw" |ah |shhw mo fsno| nf |ahcxmblmod `ol
|anwh lnto `| |ah hq|shjhsmda|" wmjub} shuh`|
mo
lmjmomwamodfnsgh `ol wm{h" |amw fmsw| l`si `ggho|/ \ahbmda|
`sh` nf |ah ls`t*
mod mw `wlmw|mog|b}
wanto `w |ah l`si `ggho|9 mo f`g| |amwb`sdh
bmda|mw |ah fh`|xsh nf |amw
sholhsmod/\ah
bmda|csmgi
sholhsmod
nf |ah d`cbhmw ohghww`s}
|n gnofmoh |ahbmda|
` bm||bh jnshwxshb}
|n |ah mjuns|`o| uns|mnonf |ah t`bb/ @bwn" mf |amw
bmda| sholhsmod
thsh njm||hl |ah cxmblmod tnxbl `uuh`s xoubh`w`o|b} tam|h/
\ah a`bf |noh nf |ah snnf mwohghww`s}
|ndmvh
` wnf| gno|s`w|
|n |ah bmda| t`bb wxsf`gh/ \ah wi} a`w m|w xwh//
Gnvhs m| xu" `olwhh ant |ah tanbh wxckhg| wbxjuw lntot`sl/
B`w|" cx| on| bh`w|" ncwhsvh |a`| |ah gnsohsw nf |ah ls`tmod
`sh ihu| fshh fsnjsholhsmod/
\amw mw xwx`bb}w`fh/ Bh| |ah
sholhsmod nf hvhs} wns| d`|ahs `cnx| |ah gho|s`bnckhg|/
\ah gns*
ohsw nf ` ls`tmod j`v |aho ch bhf| |n |`ih g`sh nf |ahjwhbvhw/
UHOGMB TNSI/
@ uhogmb mw ` pxmgihs jhlmxj fns |ah sholhsmod nf ` wih|ga
|a`o `uho/
@uhogmb
wih|ga j`} ch j`lhlmshg|b}
no ` wahh| nf
ls`tmod u`uhs"`ol gnjubh|hl no |a`| w`jh wahh|/ Cx| m| mw
oh`|hs |n fmsw| ls`t |ahuhswuhg|mvh
no wjnn|a tam|hu`uhs"
|aho
ub`gh@bc`
|s`gmod u`uhs nvhs |amw nx|bmoh" `ol |s`gh `ol sholhs/
C} |amw jh`ow `bb gnow|sxg|mno bmohw mo |ahb`}nx|
g`o ch njm||hl"
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06 IHOLHIMOD
`ol |ah wxoo} hldh nfusnkhg|mnow
g`o ch bhf| nx|" |axw `llmod
dsh`|b}|n |ah csmda|ohww
nf |ahls`tmod/
Xwh ` wnf| uhogmb fns sholhsmod" ` CC ns wnf|hs/ Mf |ah ls`t*
mod mw |n ch jxga a`olbhl" wus`} m| tm|a fmq`|mf/ \smj |ah wih|ga"
bmda|b}*dxj |ah gnsohsw" `olb`}
no tam|h g`sl tm|a dnnl j`sdmo/
$
WXJJ@S]/
\ah fnbbntmod wxjj`s} nf `lvmgh fns |ah sholhsmod nf tnsi
dhohs`bb}"tm|a uho ns
uhogmb j`} ch fnxolahbufxb/
0/ Gnowmlhs |ah lmshg|mno nf |ahbmda|/
3/ Lmwgnvhs mo |ah nx|bmoh chfnsh}nx$"
|ah nuuns|xom|} fns `
bh`lmodl`si `ggho|/
7/ Bnni nx| `bwn fns |ah bng`|mno gf `b`sdh bmda|
`sh`/
</ Ux| mo wa`lntw/
8/ Dh| `| bh`w| |ashh lmw|mog| v`bxhw9 cb`gi" ds`} `ol tam|h/
6/ Gnowmlhs |ah gnbns nf snnf ns |ah t`bb" `ol mfohghww`s}
xwh noh nf |ahj nsuns|mnow
nf h`ga fns ` ds`} v`bxh/
4/ Xwh `vhs}
fshh jh|anl/
1/ Ihhu sholhsmod nx| nf |ah gnsohsw nf |ahls`tmod/
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I
v
T*7
U
sh
fg
_7
T2
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WGANNB ANXWH+
@I |n m|w gnjunwm|mno" ` wgahjh mw ahsh xwhl |a`| mw vhs} fshpxho|b}
unwwmcbh `ol `lvmw`cbh" m/ h/" |ah/ j`imod nf ` b`sdh bmda| hffhg| no |ah oh`s
uns|mno nf |ah cxmblmod on| ` wj`bb noh" cx| noh nf dnnl `sh`/ \ah gnbns
v`bxh nf |ah csmgi t`bb `ol nf |ah snnf mw mdonshl mo nslhs |n dh| |amw b`sdh
bmda|/ M| mw nc|`mohl c} wmjub} sholhsmod |anxda|fxbb} `snxol m|/
@on|ahs m|hj mo |ah gnjunwm|mno mw |ah bh`lmod l`si v`bxh" mo |ah |shh"
shuh`|hl mo bhww mo|howm|} mo |ah lnnst`}w" tmolntw" wa`lntw" h|g/
On|h `bwn |a`| |ah tnsi mw snxolhl xu `dshh`cb}" kxw| honxda |n c`b*
`ogh |ah v`bxhw/
@w |n |hgaompxh" w|smvh fns fshhlnj mo lmshg|mno `ol |n `vnml ` a`sl bmoh}
shwxb|/ Tahshvhs unwwmcbh |ah wxoo} hldhw `sh on| ls`to mo c} ` bmoh" |ah
sholhsmod m|whbf usnlxgmod wxffmgmho| lhfmom|mno/ @d`mo" on|h |ah lmw|mog|
v`bxhw" cb`gi" ds`} `ol tam|h/
+ \ah mbbxw|s`|mno shfhsshl |n tmbb ch fnxol no |ah c`gi nf |amw u`dh/
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LHBCXS] GAXSGA+
@w hvhs shgnjjholhl" ` fshh fbntmod bmoh `ol jh|anl `sh xwhl mo hvhs}
u`s| nf |ah ls`tmod/ No wxoo} hldhw whh cx||shwwhw- |ah bmoh mw njm||hl
ho|mshb}/ /
@w |n lmffhshogh mo v`bxhw" |ah cb`gi" ds`} `ol tam|h `sh lmw|mog|b}
j`sihl/
Mo gnjunwm|mno" |ah b`sdh cb`gi nf |ah |shh mw |ah bh`lmod `ggho|" `ol m|w
cb`gi mw shuh`|hl mo wj`bb `sh`w mo v`smnxw u`s|w nf |ah tnsi/
\ah wxckhg| `ffnslw `w thbb ` b`sdh bh`lmod bmda| no |ah wmlh nf |ah
|nths" shuh`|hl `bwn/
@d`mo `ol |amw mw vhs} mjuns|`o|-" |ah gnsohsw nf |ah ls`tmod `sh bhf|
xo|nxgahl" tamga dmvhw ` pxmh| dsnxumod nf `bb |ah v`bxhw/
+ \ah mbbxw|s`|mno shfhsshl |n tmbb ch fnxol no |ah c`gi nf |amw u`dh/
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am
Ko
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@ W\XL] MO UHO *@OL MOI SHOLHSMOD
Fns gsm|mgmwj nf |amw ls`tmod* whh c`gi nf u`dh
o
s
`s|mgbbho|i>Ml#gn_sa_$oo mbbxw$ s
>"|mno
"
!
/
|ah Hodbmwa Mbbxw|s`|hl J`d`{moh`6W______#___af }Moi Gb`ww" J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}
L/ @/ Dshdd" \h`gahs/
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\AH CH@S @\ LHVM[HW
Usnc`cb} on ls`f|wj`o bmvmod g`o wxsu`ww Snchs| S`mb|no mo csmbbm`o|
|hgaompxh" |ah fshh xwh nf bmoh" `ol modhomnxw jh|anl/ Amw tnsi mw hwuhgm`bb}
`l`u|hl |n `sgam|hg|xs`b mbbxw|s`|mno/
M| tmbb shu`} dnnl hffns| |n gnu} |amw tm|a g`sh/ \amw gnu} sh|`mow
jnw| gnjjhol`cb} |ah wumsm| nf |ah nsmdmo`b/ Ncwhsvh |ah `cwhogh nf uxshb}
w|s`mda| bmohw" `ol |ah dsh`| fshhlnj xwhl mo `bb nx|bmohw/
\ah mbbxw|s`|mno shfhsshl |n tmbb ch fnxol no |ah c`gi nf |amw u`dh/
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MO @UUBMG@\MNO NF UHO @OL MOI SHOLHSMOD \N \AH GNOVHO\MNO@B JH\ANL NF MOLMG@\MOD
U@\AW/ WASXCCHS]" \SHHW" \HSS@GHW/ H\G/" MO UB@O/
\amw mw xwx`bb} lnoh mo t`wahw
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SHOLHSMOD
HQ@JMO@\MNO UB@\HW/
Chfnsh `||hju|mod |n sholhs |ah ls`tmodw mo moi" |ah w|xlho|
mw `lvmwhl |nus`g|mgh
cn|a tm|auhogmb
`ol moi" `w wxgaus`g|mgh
tmbb usnvh ` dnnl movhw|jho| nf |mjh/
UB@\H M/
Mo nslhs |n dh| pxmgib} mo|n |ahus`g|mgh"
|ah w|xlho| tmbb ch
`wihl |n j`ih ` gnu} nf |amwsholhsmod" Fmd/
@/ Ln on||s} |n
gnu} |nnhq`g|b}"
cx| xwh |ah w`jh fshhlnj/
Ncwhsvh |a`| |ah l`si `ggho| mw nc|`mohl c} |ah b`sdh wa`lnt. N
`ol |ah hol nf |ah bnod wa`lnt kxw|nvhs m|/ \ah l`si sholhsmod
mo |ah tmolnt mw csnxda| mo|n |ah dsnxu `bwn/
A`vmod |axw fnsjhl |ah `ggho|" m| mw chw| |a`| |ah wa`lnt
xolhs |ah annl mo |ah snnf wanxbl ch j`lh s`|ahsbmda|"
bhw| m|
gnjh mo|n gnjuh|m|mno tm|a |ah unsga wa`lnt/ Mf |ah w|xlho|
ushfhswah j`} j`ih m| ` |smfbh l`sihs |a`o ahsh wanto/
@ bm||bh gb`ucn`sl sholhsmod mw ux| mo no |ah bhf|" |n j`ih
w|mbb jnsh hvmlho| |ah
b`sdh bmda|"
tamga nggxsw
j`mob}no |ah snnf
cx| `| |ah w`jh |mjh |`ihw mo n|ahs tam|hwu`ghw
`| |a`| hol nf |ah
ls`tmod/
UB@\H MM/
\amw wxckhg| mo|snlxghw ` snnfsholhsmod"
`bwn ` wmjubh |sh`|*
jho| nf tmolntw `ol cbmolw/ Ahsh |ah snnf whsvhw `w ` a`bf*|noh
v`bxh/ \ah wa`lnt nf |ah h`vhw `ol wnjh nf |ah cbmolw `sh |ah
cb`gi v`bxhw/ \ndh|
|ah l`si `ggho|" |ah oh`shw| cbmolw `ol |ah
oh`suns|mno
nf |ah wa`lnt no |ah h`vhw `sh j`lh vhs} l`si/
\ah wa`lnt xolhs |ahunsga wantw ant
w`fhb}jxga nf |ah
lh|`mb nf |ah lnns m|whbf j`} ch njm||hl `ol on| ch jmwwhl/ @ csn`l
|sh`|jho| mw ch||hs |a`o `fxww} noh/ Ncwhsvh |a`| |ah snnf bmohw
`sh j`lh `w fshh `wunwwmcbh" `vnmlmod `
w|s`mda|" tms} bmoh/
@f|hs gnu}mod |amwub`|h nsmdmo`b
tnsi j`} ch `||hju|hl/
UB@\HW MMM @OL MV/
J`ih |ah wa`lntw nob} fns |ah fmsw|sholhsmod"
Ub`|h MMM" kxw|
`w wanto mo |amw v`bxh wgahjh" Fmd/G/ \aho j`ih ` whgnol
ls`tmod nf |ah w`jh" Ub`|h MV" `oldmvh
` a`bf |noh |n |ah fsno|
`sh` nf |ah snnf" `ol |n |ah hol nf |ah snnf ` l`sihs v`bxh" `w
wanto mo wxddhw|mnomo xuuhs gnsohs/ Fmo`bb}
no |amw whgnol
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!n
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SHOLHSMOD
ls`tmod" ux| ` wj`bb `jnxo| nf sholhsmod no |ah t`bb `| |ah lmw|`o|
smda|"mo |ah w`jh j`oohs `w no Ub`|h MM/ \amw tmbb
dmvh `b`sdh
tam|hbmda|
no |ah t`bbw oh`shw| |ah ncwhsvhs/ \ahbnod
wa`lntw
xolhs |ah h`vhw wanxbl ch l`sihw| `| |ah gnsohs oh`shw| |ah ncwhsvhs
fmol ds`lx`bb} bmda|ho xu `w m| `uusn`gahw hm|ahs hol/
Fmd/ G/ FNS UB@\HW MMM @OL/MV/-
UB@\H V/
Ux| mo |ah wa`lntw fmsw|/ Dh| |ah oh`shw| wa`lntw vhs} l`si9
|ahodmvh
` a`bf*|noh sholhsmod |n |ah tanbh nf |ah csmgi*t`bb wxs*
f`gh/ Ln on| moi mo |ah bmohw `| |ah hldhwnf |ah csmgi t`bbw/ Bh|
/7
Fmd/ L/ FNS UB@\H V/-
}nxs sholhsmodj`ih |ah hldh
`w wanto mo Fmd/01/ @o nx|bmoh mo
wxga `ub`gh usnlxghw
` jhga`omg`b bnnimod sholhsmod"`w mw whho mo
|ah mbbxw|s`|mno/ Nx|bmomodmw `cwnbx|hb} ohghww`s}
tahsh |ahsh
7<7
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33 SHOLHSMOD
mw on sholhsmod"cx| mo gnoohg|mno tm|a m|" njm| |ah nx|bmoh" mf
unwwmcbh/
UB@\H VM/
\ah lnnst`} wa`lnt whbhg|w fns m|whbf |ah anons nf chmod |ah
bh`lmod `ggho|9 |ah wa`lntw `| bhf| `olsmda| wmjub} shuh`|
m| mo `
wj`bb t`}/ \ah snnf `ffnslw `onuuns|xom|} fns a`bf*|noh/ \ah
Fmd/ H/ FnS UB@\H VM/-
ds`ww" tamga j`} ch sholhshl `w mbbxw|s`|hl mo |ah |tnushghlmod
hq`jubhw" dmvhw
`bwn `o `llm|mno`b a`bf*|noh v`bxh/ \n sh|`mo ns
usnlxgh `b`sdh bmda| `sh`" |ah w|noh knmo|mod
wanxbl ch njm||hl no
|ah xuuhs uns|mnonf |ah t`bb" `w molmg`|hl mo |ah wgahjh/ \ah
snnf j`} ch sholhshl mo ` fshh bmoh jh|anl" `w wanto mo |ah wih|ga/
Tm|a ` dnnl px`bm|}nf bmoh" `ol ` fshh" vmdnsnxw jh|anl" |amw ls`t*
mod tmbb ch ` csmbbm`o| noh" `w m|w gnjunwm|mnonf v`bxhw mw f`vns`cbh/
7<<
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3< SHOLHSMOD
\amw holw |ahus`g|mgh/ Nob} ` chdmoomod a`w chho j`lh mo
|ah tnsi ` fnxol`|mno b`ml" cx| m| mw ` w`fh noh/ Ta`| a`w chho
Fmd/ 01/
|`xda| tmbb ch `ahbu |n ` fxs|ahs
uxswxm| nf |ahwxckhg| wanxbl
|ah w|xlho| fhhb |a`| ah a`wlhvhbnuhl wxffmgmho| |`bho| |n hognxs`dh
fxs|ahsw|xl}/
Wxddhw|mno fns |sh`|jho| nf anxwh wantmod snnf mo bmda| tm|a
a`x*|n`|k v`bxh |n t`bb`"
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH
MO\SNLXG\NS]
\ah W|`ol`sl W|hhb Wpx`sh a`w ` cb`lh 3< mogahw bnod `ol 3
mogahw tmlh" `ol ` |nodxh fsnj 0< |n 01 mogahw bnod `ol 0r mogahw tmlh/
\ah cb`lh mw `| smda| `odbhw |n |ah |nodxh/
\ahf`gh
nf |ah
wpx`sh
mw wanto mo
Fmd/
0/ M| mw
`bt`}w w|`juhltm|a |ah j`oxf`g|xshs$w o`jh `ol oxjchs/
\ah shvhswh mw |ah c`gi whh Fmd/ 3-/
\ah bnodhs `sj mw |ah cb`lh9 |ah wans|hs" `sj" |ah |nodxh/
Mo |ah gho|hs nf |ah |nodxh" no |ah f`gh wmlh" tmbb ch fnxol |tn
u`s`bbhb bmohw lmvmlhl mo|n wu`ghw whh Fmd/ 0-9 |amw mw |ah ng|`dno wg`bh/
\ah wu`ghw tmbb ch fnxol oxjchshl 05" 35" 75" <5" 85" 65" `ol 45"
taho |ah |nodxh mw 01 mogahw bnod/
\n ls`t `o ng|`dno nf 1 mogahw wpx`sh" ls`t ` wpx`sh 1 mogahw
h`ga t`}" `ol ls`t ` uhsuholmgxb`s `ol ` ansm{no|`b bmoh |asnxda
m|w gho|hs/
\n fmol |ah bhod|a nf |ah ng|`dno wmlh" ub`gh noh unmo| nf ` gnj*
u`ww no `o} nf |ah j`mo lmvmwmnow nf |ah wg`bh" `ol |ah n|ahs unmo| nf
|ah gnju`ww no |ah hmda|a wxclmvmwmno9|aho w|hu |amw bhod|a nff no h`ga
wmlh nf |ah gho|hs bmohw no |ah wmlh nf |ah wpx`sh" tamga tmbb dmvh |ah
unmo|wfsnj tamga |n ls`t |ah ng|`dno bmohw/
\ah lm`jh|hs nf |ah ng|`dno jxw| hpx`b mo mogahw |ah oxjchs nf
wu`ghw |`iho fsnj |ah wpx`sh/
No |ah nuunwm|h wmlh nf |ah |nodxh" mo |ah gho|hs" tmbb ch fnxol
|ah cs`gh sxbh whh Fmd/ 7-/ \ah fs`g|mnow lhon|h |ah smwh `ol sxo nf
|ah cs`gh" `ol |ah lhgmj`bw |ah bhod|a/ Fns hq`jubh" ` cs`gh nf 76
mogahw sxo `ol 76 mogahw smwh" tmbb a`vh ` bhod|a nf 85/=0 mogahw9 `
cs`gh nf <3 mogahw sxo `ol <3 mogahw smwh" tmbb a`vh ` bhod|a nf 8=/<5
mogahw9h|g/
No |ah c`gi nf |ah cb`lh Fmd/ <- tmbb ch fnxol |ah cn`sl jh`wxsh"
tahsh hmda| u`s`bbhbbmohw sxoomod `bnod |ah bhod|a nf |ah cb`lh `sh
wanto `ol lmvmlhl `| hvhs} moga c} gsnww*bmohw/ Xolhs 03" no |ah
nx|hs hldh nf |ah cb`lh" tmbb ch fnxol |ah v`smnxw bhod|aw nf |ah cn`slw"
`w 1" =" 05" 00" 03" h|g/ Fns hq`jubh" |`ih ` cn`sl 0< fhh| bnod `ol =
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H\gRm
H* 3
mo M
\AH W\HHB WPX@SH
nn
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH
* | w 50 *
: 5
N ^
!BK n*m
M @Hf _s | *: 5- 3 s
25 5 ~:
55_
550ms> N=
NW W1 041
10 N=mR m 80 m
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH
Umd/ 8/ Xwh nf W|hhb Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs `ol Wmlh nf
Uho|`dno/
mogahw tmlh/ \n
fmol |ah gno|ho|w"
bnni xolhs 03" `olfmol 0<9 |aho fnb*
bnt |amw wu`gh `bnod
|n |ah gsnww*bmoh xo*
lhs =" |ah tml|a nf
|ah cn`sl9`ol ahsh
mw fnxol 05 fhh| 6
mogahw" lhon|mod
|ah gno|ho|w nf `
cn`sl 0< fhh| bnod
`ol = mogahw tmlh/
\n Fmol |ah Jm:
|hs `ol Bhod|a nf
Wmlh fns `o} Unb}:
dno" tm|a |ah W|hhb
Wpx`sh/ Mo Fmd/ 8mw wanto ` uho|`dno fmdxsh/ \ah/ jm|hsw nf |ah uho|`dno w|`ol `|
43 lhdshhw tm|a h`ga n|ahs" `ol `sh fnxol c} lmvmlmod 765 c} 8" |ah
oxjchs nf wmlhw mo |ah uho|`dno/ Cx| |ah `odbh taho `uubmhl |n |ah
wpx`sh |n nc|`mo |ah jm|hs" mw nob} noh*a`bf nf 43" ns 76
lhdshhw" `ol mo|hswhg|w |ah cb`lh `| Wf f"`w wanto mo
Fmd/ 8/
C} wpx`smod xu fsnj 6 no |ah |nodxh" mo|hswhg|mod
|ah lhdshh bmoh `| `" |ah
gho|hs ` mw lh|hsjmohl
hm|ahs fns |ah mowgsmchl
ns |ah gmsgxjwgsmchl lm*
`jh|hs" |ah s`lmm chmod
` 6 `ol ` g" shwuhg*
|mvhb}/
\ah bhod|a nf |ah
wmlhw tmbb ch 1rf mogahw
|n |ah fnn|/
Mf |ah bhod|a nf |ah
mowgsmchl lm`jh|hs ch 1
fhh|" |aho |ah wmlhw tnxbl
M M M MM M M M M M M M M M
W37 "$onVmnn7~3#
# *bmhw/Fmd/ 6/ Xwh nf W|hhb Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs `ol Wmlh nf
Ahq`dno/
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH
\ah fmdxshw |n xwh fns n|ahs unb}dnow `sh `w fnbbntw;
\sm`odbh 35 0r
Wpx`sh03
Ahq`dno 4
Ono`dno <r
Lhg`dno 7r
Mo Fmd/ 6 |ah w`jh usnghww mw xwhl mofmolmod |ah
jm|hs `ol wmlh nf |ah ahq`dno unb}dno/
\n fmol |ah lhdshh bmoh" 765 mw lmvmlhl c} 6" |ah oxj*
chs nf wmlhw" `w fnbbntw ;
765 *:* 6 : 659 `ol
65 *:* 3 * 75 lhdshhw/
Ont" fsnj 03 no
|nodxh" ls`t ` bmoh
j`imod `o `odbh nf 75
lhdshhw tm|a |ah |nodxh/
M| tmbb gx| |ah cb`lh mo
4 `w wanto9 `ol fsnj 4
|n j" |ah ahhb nf |ah
wpx`sh" tmbb ch |ah bhod|a
nf |ah wmlh/ Fsnj 6 no
|nodxh" hshg| ` bmoh |n
gx| |ah lhdshh bmoh mo g9 `ol tm|a g `w gho|hs" lhwgsmch ` gmsgbh a`vmod
|ah s`lmxw nf g 49 `ol `snxol |ah gmsgbh" gnjubh|h |ah ahq`dno c}
|`imod |ah bhod|a 4 j tm|a |ah gnju`ww fns h`ga wmlh" `w wanto/
Mo Fmd/ 4 |ah w`jh usnghww mw wanto `uubmhl |n |ah ng|`dno/ \ahlhdshh bmoh mo `bb |ah unb}dnow mw fnxol c} lmvmlmod 765 c} |ah oxjchs
nf wmlhw mo |ah fmdxsh ;
765 _ 1 : <89 `ol <8 ) 3 : 33( lhdshhw/
\amw dmvhw |ah lhdshh bmoh fns |ah ng|`dno/ Gnjubh|h |ah usnghww `w
t`w lhwgsmchl fns |ah n|ahs unb}dnow/
C} xwmod |ah fnbbntmod fmdxshw fns |ah v`smnxw unb}dnow" |ah jm|hs
bmohw j`} ch fnxol9cx| mo |ahwh fmdxshw on `ggnxo| mw |`iho" nf |ah
shb`|mvh wm{h nf wmlhw |n |ah fnn| `w mo |ah fmdxshw ushghlmod;
\sm`odbh 4 mo/ `ol < mo/
Uho|`dno 00# #
1#
Ahq`dno <# #4#
Ahu|`dno 03# #
6#
Xwh nf W|hhb Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs `ol Wmlhnf Ng|`dno/
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6 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
Ng|`dno 04 mo/ `ol 4 mo/
Ono`dno 33_# #
=#
Lhg`dno=
# #7#
\ah jm|hs mw |n ch ls`to `bnod |ah bmoh nf |ah fmsw| gnbxjo" `w wanto
fns |ah |sm`odbh mo
Fmd/ 1" `ol fns |ah
ahq`dno mo Fmd/ =/
MoFmd/ 05 mw
wanto ` lm`ds`j
fns fmolmod lhdshhw
no |ah wpx`sh/ Fns
hq`jubh" mf ` um|ga
nf 78 lhdshhw mw sh*
pxmshl" xwh 17! no
|nodxh `ol 03 no
cb`lh9mf <8 lhdshhw"
Fmd/ 1/ Xwh nf Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs nf Hpxmb`|hs`b\sm`odbh/
xwh
`ol
h|g/
03 no
03
|nodxh
no cb`lh9
Mo Fmd/ 0 0 mw wanto |ah shb`|mvh bhod|a nf sxo fns ` s`f|hs `ol `
amu" |ah s`f|hs chmod 03 mogahw `ol |ah amu 04 mogahw/ \ah sh`wno" `w
wanto mo |amw lm`ds`j" ta} 04 mw
|`iho fns |ah sxo nf |ah amu" mo*
w|h`l nf 03 `w fns |ah gnjjno
s`f|hs" mw |a`| |ah wh`|w nf |ah gnj*
jno s`f|hs `ol amu ln on| sxo
u`s`bbhb tm|a h`ga n|ahs" cx| lm*
vhsdh mo snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga `| `o
`odbh nf <8 lhdshhw9 |ahshfnsh" 04
mogahw |`iho no |ah sxo nf |ah amu
mw hpx`b |n nob} 03 mogahw taho
|`iho no |a`| nf |ah gnjjno
s`f|hs" `w wanto c} |ah ln||hl
bmoh fsnj ahhb |n ahhb nf |ah |tn
wpx`shw mo Fmd/ 00/
Mo Fmd/ 03 mw wanto ant
n|ahs fmdxshw no |ah wpx`sh j`} ch
fnxol fns gnsohsw |a`| lhvm`|h fsnj |ah <8 lhdshhw/ M| mw wanto |a`|
Fmd/ =/ Xwh nf Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs nf
Ahq`dno/
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH
fns ` uho|`dno" tamga j`ihw ` 76*lhdshh `odbh tm|a |ah ub`|h" |ah
fmdxsh |n ch xwhl
no |ah
wpx`sh
fns Y
sxo mw 0<f mogahw9~
fns ` ahq`dno" s
tamga j`ihw
75*lhdshh `odbh*
tm|a |ah ub`|h"B
|ah fmdxsh tmbb ch
07r mogahw9 `ol
fns `o ng|`dno"
tamga j`ihw `o
`odbh nf 33 lh*
dshhw tm|a |ah
ub`|h"|ah fmdxsh
|n xwh no |ah
wpx`sh fns sxo
nf amu |n gnssh*
wunol |n |ah sxo
nf |ah gnjjno
s`f|hsw" tmbb ch 07 mogahw/
Fmd/ 05/ Lm`ds`j fns Fmolmod Um|gahw nf V`smnxw Lhdshhwc} Jh`ow nf |ah W|hhb Wpx`sh/
M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |ah ahmda| mo h`ga
g`wh mw = mogahw/
Fmd/ 07 mbbxw|s`|hw `
jh|anl nf fmolmod |ah
shb`|mvh ahmda| nf ` amu
ns v`bbh} uhs fnn| sxo |n
|a`| nf |ah gnjjno s`f*
|hs/ \ah wpx`sh mw wanto
ub`ghl tm|a 03 no cb`lh
`ol = no |nodxh fns |ah
gnjjno s`f|hs9 `ol
wantw |a`| fns |ah amu |ah
smwh mw nob} 6\6\ mogahw/
\ah W|hhb Wpx`sh `w
@uubmhl mo Snnf Fs`j*
mod/ Snnf fs`jmod `|
ushwho| mw `w wmjubh `w m|
unwwmcb}g`o ch" wn |a`| `o} `||hju| `| ` oht jh|anl tnxbl ch wxuhs*
Fmd/ 0 0 / Wpx`sh @uubmhl |n Lh|hsjmoh Shb`|mvh
Bhod|a nf Sxo fns S`f|hs `ol Amu/
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1 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
fbxnxw/ \ahsh j`}" anthvhs" ch ` ghs|`mo t`} nf ushwho|mod |ah wxc*
khg||a`| tmbb g`ss} tm|a m| `bjnw| |ah thmda| `wwmdohl |n ` oht |ahns}"
j`imod ta`| mw `bsh`l} wmjubh w|mbb jnsh wmjubh/
\ah w|hhb wpx`sh mw ` jmda|} f`g|ns mo snnf fs`jmod" `ol tm|anx|
lnxc| |ah dsh`|hw| |nnb mo us`g|mg`b un|hog} |a`| hvhs t`w movho|hl
Fmd/ 03/ Xwh nf Wpx`sh |n Lh|hsjmoh Bhod|a nf Sxo fns S`f|hsw no GnsohswN|ahs |a`o <8/
fns |ahg`suho|hs/
Tm|a m|w xwh |ahbhod|aw
`ol chvhbw nfhvhs} umhgh
nf |mjchs |a`| dnhw mo|n |ah gnow|sxg|mno nf |ah jnw| mo|smg`|h lhwmdo
nf snnf" g`o h`wmb} ch nc|`mohl" `ol |a`| tm|a cx| vhs} bm||bh iontbhldh
nf bmohw/
Mo snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga" `w mbbxw|s`|hl mo Fmd/ 0<" |ah w|hhb wpx`sh
mw `bb |a`| mw shpxmshl mf noh usnuhsb} xolhsw|`olw ant |n a`olbh m|/
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH
Ta`| mw jh`o| c} `um|ga nf ` snnf" mw |ah oxjchs nf mogahw m|
smwhw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/
\o Fmd/ 08 mw wanto |ah w|hhb wpx`sh tm|a fmdxshw shushwho|mod
Fmd/ 07/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Shb`|mvh Ahmda| nf Amu ns V`bbh}uhs Fnn| nf Sxo|n |a`| nf Gnjjno S`f|hs/
|ah v`smnxwum|gahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ Fns |ah r*um|ga snnf" |ah fmdxshw
`w wanto" fsnj 03 no |nodxh |n 03 no cb`lh" `sh |anwh |n ch xwhl no
|ah w|hhb wpx`sh fns |ah gnjjno s`f|hs9 `ol fns f um|ga" |ah fmdxshw |n
ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh tmbb ch 03 `ol =" `w wanto/
Fmd/ 0</ Lm`ds`j |n Mbbxw|s`|h Xwh nf W|hhb Wpx`sh mo B`}mod Nx| \mjchswnf Snnfw nf Hpx`b Um|ga/
\n xolhsw|`ol |amw# fmdxsh" m| mw ohghww`s} nob} |n ihhu mo jmol
|a`| |ah um|ga nf ` snnf mw shginohl fsnj |ah wu`o/ Wmogh |ah sxo mo h`ga
um|ga `w wanto mw 03 mogahw" |ah wu`o mw |tn |mjhw 03 mogahw" tamga
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mo \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
hpx`bw 3< mogahw9 ahogh" 03 no cb`lh |n shushwho| |ah fnn| sxo" `ol 03
no |nodxh |n shushwho||ah smwh nvhs _ |ah wu`o" tmbb ch |ah fmdxshw no
|ah wpx`sh fns ` _*um|ga snnf/
Fns |ah f um|ga" |ah fmdxshw `sh wanto |n ch 03 no |nodxh `ol =
no cb`lh" = chmod f nf |ah wu`o" 3< mogahw/
\ah w`jh sxbh `uubmhw |n `bb |ah um|gahw/ \ah _ um|ga mw wanto
|n smwh < mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" chg`xwh < mogahw mw _ nf |ah wu`o" 3<
mogahw" |ah _ um|ga mw wanto |n smwh 1 mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" chg`xwh
1 mogahw mw _ nf |ah wu`o" 3< mogahw9 h|g/
\ah snnf shfhsshl |n mo Fmdw/ 06 `ol 04 mw |n
smwh = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nfLxo9 m| mw |ahshfnsh `
f*um|gasnnf/ Fns `bb |ah gnjjno s`f|hsw" |ah
fmd*
xshw |n ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh tmbb ch 03 no cb`lh
|n shushwho||ah sxo" `ol = no |nodxh |n shushwho|
|ah smwh |n |ah fnn| nf sxo9 `ol fns `bb |ah amuw
`ol v`bbh}w"04 no cb`lh |n shushwho| |ah sxo" `ol
= no |nodxh |n shushwho| |ah smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah
fnn| nf sxo/
Ta} 04 shushwho|w |ah sxo fns `bb |ah amuw
`ol v`bbh}w"tmbb ch xolhsw|nnl c} hq`jmomod
Fmd/ 0=" mo tamga 04 mw wanto |n ch |ah lm`d*
no`b nf ` fnn| wpx`sh/
Mo hpx`b*um|ga snnfw |ah
gnsohsw `sh wpx`sh" `ol |ah
ub`o nf |ah amu ns v`bbh} tmbb
`bt`}w ch ` lm`dno`b nf `
wpx`sh gnsohs `w wanto `| 0" 3"
7" `ol 8 mo Fmd/ 0</
Mo Fmd/01
`sh wanto _ r Y_
um|ga" um|ga
`ol um|ga nvhs
`
wpx`sh
gnsohs/
\ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh fns |ah amu9 tmbb ch 04 fns
sxo mo h`ga g`wh/ Fns |ah _ um|ga" |ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl tnxbl ch
04 mogahw sxo `ol < mogahw smwh" |n gnsshwunol tm|a |ah 03 mogahw sxo
`ol < mogahw smwh nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ Fns |ah f um|ga"|ah fmdxshw
|n ch xwhl fns amu tnxbl ch 04 mogahw sxo `ol = mogahw smwh" |n gnssh*
M b M |bN 0= 01 04 06 08 A 07 R3 bb
$
3 Um|ga
Fmd/ 08/ W|hhb Wpx`sh Dmvmod V`smnxw Um|gahw |n Fnn| nf Sxo/
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH MM
wunol tm|a |ah 03 mogahw sxo `ol = mogahw smwh nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs9
`ol fns |ah _ um|ga" |ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh tmbb ch 04
mogahw sxo `ol 03 mogahw smwh" |n gnsshwunol tm|a |ah 03 mogahw sxo`ol 03 mogahw smwh nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/
M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl fsnj `cnvh" |a`| mo `bb g`whw tahsh |ah ub`o
nf |ah amu ns v`bbh} mw ` lm`dno`b nf ` wpx`sh" |ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl no
mwf|/ 6m\]
Ubxjc Gx|
Fmd/ 06/ Jh|anl nf B`}mod Nx| Gnjjno S`f|hsw nf ` (*Um|ga Snnf/
|ah wpx`sh fns sxo tmbb ch 04 mogahw9 `ol fns |ah smwh" ta`|hvhs |ah snnf
smwhw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ M| wanxbl `bwn ch shjhjchshl |a`| |amw mw |ah
Gnolm|mno mo `bb snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga"tahsh |ah `odbh nf |ah amu ns
v`bbh} mw ` <8*lhdshh `odbh" ns" mo n|ahs tnslw" tahsh th a`vh |ah
lm`dno`b nf ` wpx`sh/
M| a`w chho wanto mo Fmd/ 03 ant n|ahs fmdxshw fns n|ahs ub`o
`odbhw j`} ch fnxol9`ol |a`| mo h`ga g`wh |ah fmdxshw fns sxo v`s}
Ahhb gx| nf amu
R R
R
Fmd/ 04/
\nu gx| fns 07 f|/sxo nf amu
Jh|anlnf
B`}modNx|
Amuw`ol
V`bbh}w
nf ` (*Um|ga Snnf/
`ggnslmod |n |ah ub`o `odbh nf |ah amu ns v`bbh}" tambh |ah fmdxshfns |ah
ahmda| mo h`ga g`wh mw wmjmb`s/
Mo Fmd/0< `sh wanto ` v`smh|}
nf sxow fns gnjjno s`f|hsw" cx|
`bb a`vh |ah w`jh um|ga9 |ah} smwh = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ \ah j`mo
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03 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
Sxo nf GnjS`f|hs
Dsnxol Bmoh
Um|ga
snnf mw wanto |n a`vh ` wu`o nf 34 fhh|" tamga j`ihw |ah sxo nf |ah
gnjjno s`f|hs 07 fhh| 6 mogahw/ \ah sxo nf |ah fsno| tmod mw wanto
|nch
05 fhh| <mogahw9 `ol
|ah sxo nf|ah wj`bb d`cbh `| |ah bhf| gnsohs
nf |ah fsno|" mw wanto |n ch 1 fhh|/
\ah lmvhswm|} hqamcm|hl mo |ah sxow" `olhwuhgm`bb} |ah fs`g|mno`b
u`s| nf ` fnn| wanto mo |tn nf |ahj" tmbb `ffnsl `onuuns|xom|} |n |sh`|
nf |ah j`mo lmffmgxb|mhw mo b`}mod nx| snnf |mjchsw mo snnfw nf hpx`b
um|ga/ Bh| m| ch lh|hsjmohl |n a`vh ` smwh nf = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf
sxo9 `ol mo |amw gnoohg*
|mno m| j`} ch thbb |n sh*
jhjchs |a`| |ah usnuns*
|mno`b smwh |n |ah fnn| sxo
fns snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga
j`ihw on| |ah bh`w| lmf*
fhshogh mo |ah jh|anl nf
|sh`|jho|/
\nb`} nx| |ah gnjjno
s`f|hsw fns |ah j`mo snnf"
tamga a`w ` sxo nf 07 fhh|
6 mogahw"usnghhl `w wanto"
mo Fmd/ 06/
\`ih 03 no |ah cb`lh
`ol = no |ah |nodxh" `ol
w|hu 07 |mjhw `bnod |ah
s`f|hs |mjchs/ \amw tmbb
dmvh |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs
fns 07 fhh| nf sxo/ Mo
#|amw hq`jubh" anthvhs"
|ahsh mw `on|ahs 6 mogahw
nf sxo |n gnvhs/ Fns |amw `llm|mno`b bhod|a" |`ih 6 mogahw no |ah cb`lh
m| chmod R ` fnn| sxo- fns sxo" `ol |`ih R nf = no |ah |nodxh tamga mw
<r mogahw-" `ol w|hu noh |mjh/ \amw" mo `llm|mno |n ta`| a`w `bsh`l}
chho fnxol c} w|huumod 07 |mjhw tm|a 03 `ol =" tmbb dmvh |ah fxbb bhod|a
nf |ah s`f|hs/
\ah wpx`sh tm|a 03 no cb`lh `ol = no |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah ahhb
`ol ubxjc gx|w/
@on|ahs jh|anl nf fmolmod |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns |ah 6 mogahw
mw wanto mo Fmd/ 06" tahsh |ah wpx`sh mw wanto `uubmhl |n |ah s`f|hs
Jh|anl nf B`}mod Nx| Amuw `ol S`f|hsw fns
Um|gahw nvhs Wpx`sh Gnsohs/Fmd/ 01/
Snnfw nf V`smnxw
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 07
|mjchs fns |ah ubxjc gx|/ Wpx`sh On/ 0 mw wanto `uubmhl tm|a 03 no
cb`lh `ol = no |nodxh fns |ah bhod|a nf |ah 07 fhh|/ Wpx`sh fsnj |amw
gx|" jh`wxsh 6 mogahw" |ah `llm|mno`b mogahw mo |ahsxo9
`ol |n |amw
unmo| jnvh |ah wpx`sh" anblmod m| no |ah wmlh nf |ah s`f|hs |mjchs
tm|a 03 no cb`lh `ol = no |nodxh" `w fns ` fxbb fnn| sxo/
M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |amw jh|anl mwh`wmb} `l`u|hl |n fmol `o}
fs`g|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| mo |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hsw/
Mo |ah fsno| d`cbh" Fmd/ 0<" |ah fs`g|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| mw < mogahw
|n ch `llhl |n 05 fhh| $nf sxo9 |ahshfnsh" mo |a`| g`wh" |ah bmoh wanto
jh`wxshl |n 6 mogahw mo Fmd/ 06 tnxbl jh`wxsh nob} < mogahw fns |ah
fsno| d`cbh/
Ahhb Gx| nf Gnjjno S`f|hs/ Mo Fmd/ 06 mw `bwn wanto ` jh|anl
|n b`} nx| |ah ahhb gx| nf ` gnjjno s`f|hs/ \ah wpx`sh mw wanto
`uubmhl tm|a 03 no cb`lh `ol = no |nodxh9 `ol fsnj tahsh |ah 03 no
|ah wpx`sh mo|hswhg|w |ah hldh nf |ah s`f|hs |mjchs" ` bmoh mw ls`to
wpx`sh |n |ah cb`lh `w wanto c} |ah ln||hl bmoh fsnj 03 |n `/ \aho
|ah |amgiohww nf |ah u`s| nf |ah s`f|hs |a`| mw |n usnkhg| ch}nol |ah
ub`|h|n anbl |ah gnsomgh" mw d`xdhl |n mo|hswhg| |ah ln||hl bmoh `| `9
`ol fsnj `" |ah ahhb gx| mw ls`to tm|a |ah wpx`sh a`vmod 03 no cb`lh
`ol = no |nodxh" j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh fns |ah gx|/
\ah gnjjno s`f|hs fns |ah fsno| tmod" tamga mw wanto |n a`vh
` sxo nf 05 fhh| < mogahw" mw b`ml nx|ushgmwhb} |ah w`jh" hqghu| |a`|
fns |amw s`f|hs |ah wpx`sh tm|a 03 no cb`lh `ol = no |nodxh tmbb a`vh
|n ch w|huuhl `bnod |ah s`f|hs |mjchs nob} 05 |mjhw fns |ah 05 fhh| nf
sxo9 `ol fns |ah fs`g|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| < mogahw- tamga mw mo |ah sxo"
hm|ahs nf |ah |tn jh|anlw `bsh`l} wanto fns |ah j`mo s`f|hs j`}ch xwhl/
\ah usnuns|mno`b fmdxshw|n ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh fns |ah < mogahw
tmbb ch < no cb`lh `ol 3r no |nodxh9 `ol mf |ah whgnol jh|anl mw xwhl"
j`ih |ah `llm|mno |n |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns 05 fhh|" c} ls`tmod `
bmoh < mogahw wpx`sh fsnj |ah/ |nodxh nf wpx`sh On/ 0 whh Fmd/ 06-"
mow|h`l nf 6 mogahw `w |ahsh wanto fns |ah j`mo s`f|hs/
Amuw/\ashh nf |ah
amuw`sh wanto mo
Fmd/
0< |n hq|hol fsnj
|ah ub`|h|n |ah smldh*unbh9 |ah} `sh j`sihl mo |ah fmdxsh `w 0"3" `ol
7 shwuhg|mvhb}"`ol `sh wanto mo ub`o |n ch lm`dno`bw nf ` wpx`sh
jh`wxsmod 07 fhh| 6 mogahw c} 07 fhh| 6 mogahw9 |ah} j`ih `o `odbh"
|ahshfnsh" nf <8 lhdshhw tm|a |ahub`|h/
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0< \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
Mo Fmd/ 01 m| a`w chho wanto |a`| ` amu w|`olmod `| `o `odbh nf
<8 lhdshhw tm|a |ah ub`|htmbb a`vh ` sxo nf 04 mogahw fns hvhs} fnn|
sxo nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ \ahshfnsh" |n b`} nx| |ah amuw" |ah fmdxshw
no |ah wpx`sh tmbb ch 04 fns sxo `ol = fns smwh9 `ol c} w|huumod 07
|mjhw `bnod |ah amu s`f|hs |mjchs" |ah bhod|a nf amu fns 07 fhh| nf sxo
mw nc|`mohl/ \ah bhod|a fns |ah `llm|mno`b 6 mogahw mo |ah sxo j`}ch fnxol c} wpx`smod ` lmw|`ogh nf 1_ mogahw" `w wanto mo Fmd/ 04"
fsnj |ah |nodxh nf |ah wpx`sh" `ol
jnvmod wpx`sh On/ 0 `bnod |ah hldh
nf |ah |mjchs" anblmod |ah cb`lh no
04 `ol |nodxh no =" `ol j`simod
|ah ubxjc gx| tahsh |ah ln||hl bmoh
mw wanto/
Mo Fmd/ 01 mw wanto ant |n fmol |ah
shb`|mvh sxo bhod|a nf ` uns|mno nf `
amu |n gnsshwunol |n |a`| nf ` fs`g*
|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| mo |ah bhod|a
nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ Fsnj 03
mogahw" jh`wxsh `bnod |ah sxo nf
|ah gnjjno s`f|hs 6 mogahw" `ol
lsnu ` bmoh |n gx| |ah lm`dno`b bmoh
mo j/ Fsnj j |n `" `bnod |ah lm`dno`b bmoh" tmbb ch |ah shb`|mvh sxo
bhod|a nf |ah u`s| nf amu |n gnsshwunol tm|a 6 mogahw sxo nf |ah gnjjno
s`f|hs" `ol m| jh`wxshw 1r mogahw/
\ah w`jh shwxb|w j`} ch nc|`mohl c} |ah fnbbntmod jh|anl nf
fmdxsmod;
@w 03 ; 04 ; ; 6
6
03-053
Mo Fmd/ 0= mw wanto ` 03*moga wpx`sh"
|ah lm`dno`b j chmod 04 mogahw/ C}
ls`tmod bmohw fsnj |ah c`wh ` 6 |n gx| |ah
lm`dno`b bmoh" |ah u`s| nf |ah amu |n gnssh*
wunol |n |a`| nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs tmbb ch Z
molmg`|hl no |ah bmoh 04/ Mo |amw fmdxsh
m| mw wanto |a`| ` 6*moga sxo no ` c" tamga shushwho|w |ah sxo nf `
fnn| nf ` gnjjno s`f|hs" tmbb a`vh ` gnsshwunolmod bhod|a nf 1r
cShb`|mvhm`ds`j Wantmod
Bhod|aw nf Sxo fns Amuw `olGnjjno S`f|hsw mo Hpx`b*
Um|ga Snnfw/
ss| 03
/ 35/ Jh|anl nf Lh|hsjmomodxo nf V`bbh} fns @llm|mno`bSxo mo Gnjjno S`f|hs/
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 08
mogahw sxo no |ah bmoh 04" tamga shushwho|w |ah ub`o bmoh nf |ah amu ns
v`bbh} mo `bb hpx`b*um|ga snnfw/
Mo|ah
fsno|d`cbh" Fmd/ 0<"
m| mw
wanto |a`| |ah sxo nf |ah gnjjnos`f|hs mw 05 fhh| < mogahw/ \n fmol |ah bhod|a nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs"
Fmd/ 30/ Gnsohs nf Wpx`sh Cxmblmod" Wont*
mod Ub`o Bmohw nf Ub`|hw `ol Amu/
Umd/ 37/ Gnsohs nf Wpx`sh Cxmblmod" Want*mod Ub`o Bmohw nf Ub`|hw `ol V`bbh}/
|`ih 03 no cb`lh `ol = no |nodxh" `ol w|hu 05 |mjhw `bnod |ah s`f|hs
|mjchs9 `ol fns |ah fs`g|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| < mogahw-" usnghhl `w t`w
wanto mo Fmd/ 06 fns |ah s`f|hs nf |ah j`mo snnf9 cx| mo |amw g`wh jh`wxsh
nx| wpx`sh |n |ah |nodxh nf wpx`sh On/ 0" < mogahw mow|h`l nf 6 mogahw/
\ah `llm|mno`b bhod|a fns |ah fs`g|mno`b < mogahw sxo g`o `bwn ch
fnxol c} |`imod < mogahw no cb`lh `ol 7 mogahw no |nodxh nf wpx`sh"
`ol w|huumod noh |mjh9 |amw" mo `llm|mno |n |ah bhod|a nc|`mohl c}
Ahhb gx| nf V`bbh}
Fmd/ 37/ Xwh nf Wpx`sh |n Lh|hsjmoh Ahhb Gx| nf V`bbh}/
w|huumod 05 |mjhw `bnod |ah s`f|hs |mjchs tm|a 03 no cb`lh `ol = no
|nodxh" tmbb dmvh |ah fxbb bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns ` sxo nf 05 fhh| < mogahw/
Mo |ah mo|hswhg|mno nf |amw snnf tm|a |ah j`mo snnf" |ahsh `sh wanto
|n ch |tn v`bbh}wnf lmffhsho| bhod|aw/
\ah bnod noh hq|holw fsnj |ah
ub`|h `| o Fmd/ 0<- |n |ah smldh nf |ah j`mo snnf `| s`9 m| a`w |ahshfnsh
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06 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
` sxo nf 07 fhh| 6 mogahw/ Fns |ah bhod|a" usnghhl `w fns |ah amuw" c}
|`imod 04 no cb`lh nf |ah wpx`sh `ol = no |nodxh" `ol w|huumod 07
|mjhw fns |ah bhod|a nf |ah 07 fhh|9 `ol fns |ah fs`g|mno`b 6 mogahw"
usnghhl ushgmwhb} `w wanto mo Fmd/ 04 fns |ah amu" c} wpx`smod nx| fsnj
|ah |nodxh nf wpx`sh On/ 0" 1_ mogahw9 |amw" mo `llm|mno |n |ah bhod|a
nc|`mohl fns |ah 07 fhh|" tmbb dmvh |ah fxbb bhod|a nf |ah bnod v`bbh} o j/
\ah bhod|a nf |ah wans| v`bbh} ` g" `w wanto" hq|holw nvhs |ah
sxo nf 05 fhh| < mogahw" `ol cx||w `d`mow| |ah wmlh nf |ah bnod v`bbh} `| g/
C} |`imod 04 no cb`lh `ol = no |nodxh" `ol w|huumod `bnod |ah s`f|hs
|mjchs 05 |mjhw" |ah bhod|a fns |ah 05 fhh| mw fnxol9 `ol fns |ah <
mogahw" jh`wxsh 8f
mogahw wpx`sh fsnj
|ah |nodxh nf
wpx`sh On/ 0" mo
|ah j`oohs wanto
/Chvhb |nfb| amuwmo _ 04
?tahsh
$
`d`mow| ` lhhu |ah 1_* mogahw mw
snnf ns \mldhcn`sl wanto `llhl fns
|ah 6 mogahw `llm*
|mno`b sxo nf |ah
j`mo snnf fns |ah
amuw/
\ah bhod|a 8f mw
fnxol `w wanto mo
Fmd/ 3</ W|hhb Wpx`sh @uubmhl |n Fmolmod Chvhb fns Fm||mod+&$ $ _ jh`w*
\nunf
Amu ns V`bbh}|n
Smldh/ xsjd < mogohw fsnj` |nj `bnod |ah sxo
nf gnjjno s`f|hs fns noh fnn|/ Xuno j hshg| ` bmoh |n gx| |ah wh`| nf
|ah v`bbh} `| g9 fsnj g |n ` tmbb ch |ah sxo nf |ah v`bbh} |n gnsshwunol
tm|a < mogahw sxo nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs" `ol m| tmbb jh`wxsh 8r mogahw/
Ant |n \sh`| |ah Ahhb Gx| nf Amuw `ol V`bbh}w/ A`vmod fnxol
|ah bhod|aw nf |ah amuw `ol v`bbh}w |n gnsshwunol |n |ah gnjjno s`f|hsw"
m| tmbb ch ohghww`s} |n fmol `bwn |ah |amgiohww nf h`ga `cnvh |ah ub`|h
|n gnsshwunol |n |ah |amgiohww |ah gnjjno s`f|hs tmbb ch `cnvh |ah
ub`|h/
Mo Fmd/ 30 mw wanto ` gnsohs nf ` wpx`sh cxmblmod" wantmod |ah
ub`|hw `ol |ah ub`o bmohw nf ` amu/ \ah bhod|a nf |ah amu" `w `bsh`l}
fnxol" tmbb gnvhs |ah wu`o fsnj |ah smldh |n |ah gnsohs 39 cx| |ah wmlhw
76<
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 04
nf |ah amu mo|hswhg| |ah ub`|hw `| 7 `ol 7 shwuhg|mvhb}9 |ahshfnsh |ah
lmw|`ogh fsnj 3 |n 0"`w wanto mo |amw lm`ds`j" mw jh`wxshl c`git`slw
fsnj ` |n 0 mo |ah j`oohs wanto mo Fmd/ 049 |aho ` ubxjc bmoh mw ls`to
|asnxda 0 |n j" u`s`bbhb |n |ah ubxjc gx| `*04/ Fsnj \N |n n no |amw
bmoh" jh`wxsh |ah w`jh |amgiohww `w |a`| nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs9 `ol
|asnxda n ls`t |ah ahhb gx| |n ` `w wanto/
Mo bmih j`oohs |ah |amgiohww nf |ah v`bbh} `cnvh |ah ub`|h mw fnxol9
cx| `w |ah v`bbh} `w wanto mo |ah ub`o fmdxsh" Fmd/ 33" usnkhg|w ch}nol
unmo| 3 chfnsh m| mo|hswhg|w |ah nx|wmlh nf |ah ub`|hw" |ah lmw|`ogh fsnj
3 |n 0 mo |ah g`wh nf |ah v`bbh} tmbb a`vh |n ch jh`wxshl nx|t`slw fsnj
3" `w wanto fsnj
` amu ns v`bbh}+
Fmd/ 38/ W|hhb Wpx`sh @uubmhl |n K`gi S`f|hs |n Fmol Chvhb fns
|mjchs |n GX| |ah Fm||mod `d`mow| Wmlh nf Amu ns V`bbh}/
chvhb |a`| tmbb
fm| |ah |nu hol `d`mow| |ah smldh/ \ah fmdxshwno |ah wpx`sh `sh 04
`ol 0=_/ \ah 04 shushwho|w|ah bhod|a nf |ah ub`o bmoh nf |ah amu
ns v`bbh} fns ` fnn| nf sxo" tamga" `w t`w wanto mo ushvmnxw fmdxshw"
tmbb `bt`}w ch 04 mogahw mo snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga"tahsh |ah ub`o bmohw
w|`ol `| <8 lhdshhw |n |ah ub`|hw`ol wpx`sh |n h`ga n|ahs/
\ah 0=k |`iho no |ah cb`lh shushwho|w|ah `g|x`b bhod|a nf ` amu
ns v`bbh} |a`| tmbb wu`o nvhs ` sxo nf 04 mogahw/ \ah chvhb mw j`sihl
`bnod |ah cb`lh/
\ah gx| `gsnww |ah c`gi nf |ah wans| v`bbh} |n fm| m| `d`mow| |ah
wmlh nf |ah bnod v`bbh}"tmbb ch ` wpx`sh gx| ntmod |n |ah |tn ub`o bmohw
chmod `| smda| `odbhw |n h`ga n|ahs/
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mw \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
b m M M M M M 0 M M M
$3 Sxo nf S`f|hs
Fmd/ 36/ Fmolmod Bhod|a |n Wans|hoS`f|hsw fns K`giw uhs Fnn|
nf Sxo/
Mo Fmd/ 38 mw wanto |ah w|hhb wpx`sh `uubmhl |n ` k`gi s`f|hs |n
gx| |ah c`gi chvhb" |n fm| m| `d`mow| |ah wmlh nf ` amu nsv`bbh}/ \ah
fmdxshw no |ah wpx`sh`sh 03 no
|nodxh`ol 08 no
cb`lh" |ah03
shush*
who|mod ` fnn| sxo nf ` gnjjno s`f|hs" `ol |ah 08 |ah bhod|a nf `
s`f|hs |a`| tmbb wu`o nvhs ` fnn| sxo9 j`simod `bnod |ah
cb`lh tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb/
\ah sxbh mo hvhs} g`wh |n fmol |ah c`gi chvhb fns k`giw mo
snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga" mw |n |`ih 03 no |ah |nodxh |n shushwho|
|ah fnn| sxo" `ol |ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns ` fnn| nf sxo no
|ah cb`lh" j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh mo h`ga g`wh fns |ah
chvhb/
Mo ` _*um|ga snnf" tamga mw |ah
jnw| gnjjno mo `bb u`s|w nf |ah
gnxo|s}" |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns `
fnn| nf sxo tmbb ch 0 4 mogahw9ahogh
m| tmbb ch thbb |n shjhjchs |a`| 03
no |nodxh `ol 04 no cb`lh" j`simod
`bnod |ah cb`lh" tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb |n fm| ` k`gi `d`mow| ` amu ns `
v`bbh} mo ` _*um|ga snnf/
Mo ` snnf a`vmod ` smwh nf = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" wxga `w |ah
noh xolhs gnowmlhs`|mno" |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns noh fnn| nf sxo tmbb
ch 08 mogahw/ \ah wpx`sh `w wanto mo Fmd/ 38" tm|a 03 no |nodxh `ol
08 no cb`lh" tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb c} j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh/
\n fmol |ah bhod|a nf ` s`f|hs fns ` fnn| nf sxo fns `o} n|ahs um|ga"
ub`gh |ah |tn*fnn| sxbh lm`dno`bb} fsnj 03 no |ah cb`lh nf |ah wpx`sh
|n |ah fmdxsh no |nodxh shushwho|mod |ah smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah fnn| nf
sxo9 |ah sxbh tmbb dmvh |ah bhod|a nf |ah
s`f|hs |a`| tmbb wu`o nvhs noh fnn| nf
sxo/
\ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns ` fnn| nf
sxo tmbb `bwn lh|hsjmoh |ah lmffhshogh
mo bhod|aw nf k`giw/ Fns hq`jubh" mf `
snnf smwhw 03 mogahw |n noh fnn| nf sxo"
|ah s`f|hs nvhs |amw wu`o a`w chho fnxol
|n ch 04 mogahw9 |amw" |ahshfnsh" mw |ah
oxjchs nf mogahw h`ga k`gi mw wans|hohl mo noh fnn| nf sxo/ Mf |ah
smwh nf |ah snnf mw 1 mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" |ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs mw
fnxol fns noh fnn| nf sxo" c} ub`gmod |ah sxbh lm`dno`bb} fsnj 03 no
Fmd/ 34/S`f|hs mo (*Um|gFmolmod Bhod|a nf K`gi*
*Um|ga Snnf/
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH B=
|nodxh |n 1 no cb`lh" tamga dmvhw 0<_ mogahw" `w wanto mo Fmd/ 36/
\amw" |ahshfnsh" tmbb ch |ah oxjchs nf mogahw |ah k`giw `sh |n ch
wans|hohl mo ` snnf smwmod 1 mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ Mf |ah k`giw `sh
ub`ghl 3< mogahw fsnj gho|hs |n gho|hs" |aho jxb|mub} 0<_ c} 3 : 3=
mogahw/
Mo Fmd/ 34 mw wanto ant |n fmolm`
t
|ah bhod|a tm|a |ah w|hhb wpx`sh/ \ah
wpx`sh mw ub`ghl no |ah k`gi |mjchs
s`f|hs tm|a |ah fmdxshw |a`| a`vh chho
xwhl |n gx| |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ Mo
Fmd/ 34" 03 no cb`lh `ol 03 no |nodxh
thsh |ah fmdxshw xwhl |n gx| |ah gnj*
jno s`f|hs" |ah snnf chmod _ um|ga"
smwmod 03 mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ Mo |ah lm`ds`j m| mw wanto ant
|n fmol |ah bhod|a nf ` k`gi s`f|hs mf ub`ghl 06 mogahw fsnj gho|hs |n
gho|hs/ \ah jh|anl mw |n jnvh |ah wpx`sh `w wanto `bnod |ah bmoh nf
|ah cb`lh xo|mb |ah cb`lh jh`wxshw 06 mogahw9 |ah |nodxh |aho tnxbl ch
`w wanto fsnj t |n
j"`ol |ah
bhod|a
nf |ah
k`gi
tnxbl ch fsnj 03 no
cb`lh |n j no |nodxh" no |ah hldh nf |ah k`gi s`f|hs |mjchs `w wanto/
\amw b`||hs jh|anl chgnjhw gnovhomho| taho |ah wu`gh ch|thho
k`giwmw bhww |a`o 01 mogahw9 cx| mf xwhl taho |ah wu`gh mw jnsh |a`o
j Smlph
Fmd/ 71/ Fmolmod Bhod|a nf K`giS`f|hs mo kAm*Um|ga Innf/
Ub`|h$
Fmd 3= Jh|anl nf Lh|hsjmomod Bhod|a nf K`giw Ch|thho Amuw `ol V`bbh}w9
`bwn Chvhbw fns K`giw" Amuw" `ol V`bbh}w/
01 mogahw m| tmbb chgnjh ohghww`s} |n xwh |tn wpx`shw9 n|ahstmwh |ah
|nodxh `w wanto `| j tnxbl on| sh`ga |ah hldh nf |ah |mjchs/
Mo Fmd/ 31 |ah w`jh jh|anl mw wanto fns fmolmod |ah bhod|a nf `
k`gi s`f|hs fns ` snnf smwmod = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" tm|a |ah k`giw
ub`ghl01 mogahw gho|hs |n gho|hs/ \ah wpx`sh mo |amw lm`ds`j mw
wanto ub`ghlno |ah k`gi s`f|hs |mjchs tm|a 03 no cb`lh `ol = no
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35 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
|nodxh9 |aho m| mw jnvhl fnst`sl `bnod |ah bmoh nf |ah cb`lh |n t/
\ah cb`lh" taho mo |amw b`||hs unwm|mno" tmbb jh`wxsh 01 mogahw/ \ah
|nodxh tmbb jhh| |ah hldh nf |ah |mjchs `| \N" `ol |ah lmw|`ogh fsnj
\N no |nodxh |n 03 no cb`lh tmbb molmg`|h |ah bhod|a nf ` k`gi" ns" mo
n|ahs tnslw" tmbb want |ah bhod|a h`ga k`gi mw wans|hohl taho ub`ghl
Jm|hs Chvhb fns Cn`slw
Chvhb |n gx| |ah Cn_ss. C`gi
. #
R .6k
,. bn?
Fmd/ 75/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Chvhbw fns @bb \mjchsw mo Snnfw nf Hpx`b Um|ga/
01 mogahw ch|thho gho|hsw mo ` snnf a`vmod ` um|ga nf = mogahw |n |ah
fnn| nf sxo/
Taho k`giw `sh ub`ghl ch|thho amuw `ol v`bbh}w `w wanto `|
0" 3" 7" <" h|g/" mo Fmd/ 0<" ` ch||hs jh|anl nf |sh`|jho| mw wanto mo
Fmd/ 3=" tahsh |ah wbnuh nf |ah snnf mw usnkhg|hl mo|n |ah ansm{no|`b
ub`oh/ \ah lmw|`ogh fsnj |ah ub`|h mo |amw fmdxsh |n |ah smldh \N" hpx`bw
|ah bhod|a nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs fns |ah j`mo snnf/ No |ah ub`|h `oo
mw j`lh hpx`b |n ` o o mo Fmd/ 0</ C} ls`tmod ` fmdxsh bmih |amw |n `
wg`bh nf noh moga |n noh fnn|" |ah bhod|a nf `bb |ah k`giw g`o ch jh`wxshl
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 30
`ol `bwn |ah bhod|aw nf |ah amu `ol |ah |tnv`bbh}w/
M| `bwn dmvhw |ah
chvhbw fns |ah k`giw" `w thbb `w |ah chvhb |n fm| |ah amu `ol v`bbh} `d`mow|
|ah smldh9 cx| |amw b`w| chvhb jxw| ch `uubmhl |n |ah amu `ol v`bbh}
taho c`gihl/
M| a`w chho wanto chfnsh" |a`| |ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl no |ah
wpx`sh fns |amw chvhb taho |ah |mjchs mw bhf| wpx`sh no c`gi `w mw |ah
gxw|nj mo gnow|sxg|mno" `sh |ah
bhod|a nf ` fnn| sxo nf ` amu ns v`b*
bh}"tamga mw 04" no |nodxh" `ol |ah
bhod|a nf ` amu ns v`bbh} |a`| tmbb
wu`o nvhs 04 mogahw sxo" no cb`lh
|ah cb`lh dmvmod |ah chvhb/Fmd/ 70/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Chvhb 8" Fmd/
Fmd/ 75 gno|`mow `bb |ah chvhbw ns wn" fns Fm||mod ju ns v`mmh} @d`mow|Smldh tahmm on| C`gihl/
gx|w |a`| a`vh chho |sh`|hl xuno wn
f`s" `ol" mf gnsshg|b} xolhsw|nnl" tmbb ho`cbh `o} noh |n fs`jh `o}
snnf nf hpx`b um|ga/Mo |amw fmdxsh m| mw wanto |a`| 03 mogahw sxo `ol
= mogahw smwh tmbb dmvh chvhbw 0 `ol 3" tamga `sh |ah ubxjc `ol ahhb
gx|w nf s`f|hsw nf ` snnf smwmod = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ C} |`imod
|ahwh fmdxshw" |ahshfnsh" no |ah wpx`sh" = mogahw no |ah |nodxh `ol 03
mogahw no |ah cb`lh" j`simod `bnod |ah |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah ubxjc gx|"
`ol j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh tmbb dmvh |ah ahhb gx|/
Chvhbw 7 `ol < `sh |ah ubxjc `ol ahhb gx|w fns |ah amu"`ol `sh
wanto |n a`vh |ah bhod|a nf |ah wh`| nf amu fns noh fnn| sxo" tamga mw
04 mogahw// C} |`imod 04 mogahw" |ahshfnsh" no |ah cb`lh" `ol = mogahw
no |ah |nodxh" j`simod `bnod |ah |nodxh fns |ah ubxjc gx|" `ol `bnod
F`gh gx|
\NNf
Jm|hs gx| fns \NN+ cn`sl
Fmd/ 73/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod C`gi Chvhb 6" Fmd/ 77/ Lh|hsjmomod Jm|hs Gx| fns Snnf*
Fmd/ 75" fns K`gi S`f|hsw" `ol Chvhb Cn`sl/
4" fns Snnf*Cn`sl/
|ah cb`lh fns |ah ahhb gx|" |ah ubxjc `ol ahhb gx|w `sh fnxol/ Chvhb
8" tamga mw |n fm| |ah amu ns v`bbh} `d`mow| |ah smldh taho on| c`gihl"
mw wanto fsnj n t" |ah bhod|a nf |ah amu fns noh fnn| nf sxo" tamga mw
0=K mogahw" `ol fsnj n w" tamga `bt`}w mo snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga tmbb
ch 04 mogahw `olhpx`b mo bhod|a
|n |ah wh`| nf ` amu ns v`bbh}fns noh
fnn| nf sxo/
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33 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
\ahwh fmdxshw" |ahshfnsh" |`iho no |ah wpx`sh" 0=r no |ah cb`lh"
`ol 04 no |ah |nodxh" tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb c} j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh
`w wanto mo Fmd/ 70" tahsh |ah wpx`sh mw wanto `uubmhl |n |ah amu
|mjchs tm|a 0=K no cb`lh `ol 04 no |nodxh"
|ah cb`lh wantmod |ah gx|/
Chvhbw 6 `ol 4 mo Fmd/ 75 `sh wanto
fnsjhl nf |ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns noh fnn|
nf sxo" tamga mw 08 mogahw" `ol |ah sxo nf |ah
s`f|hs" tamga mw 03 mogahw/ \ahwh fmdxshw `sh
`uubmhl no |ah
wpx`sh" `w wanto
mo Fmd/ 73" |n `
k`gi s`f|hs |mj*
chs9 |`imod 08 no
|ah cb`lh `ol 03
no |ah |nodxh"
j`simod `bnod|ah cb`lh tmbb
Fmd/ 7</ B`}mod Nx| \mjchsw nf Noh*a`bf D`cbh nf (*Um|ga Snnf/
dmvh |ah c`gi chvhb fns |ah k`gi s`f|hsw" `ol j`simod `bnod |ah |nodxh
tmbb dmvh |ah f`gh gx| nf snnf*cn`slw |n fm| `bnod |ah amu nsv`bbh}/
M| mw wanto mo Fmd/ 75" `bwn" |a`| c} |`imod |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs
08 mogahw no cb`lh" `ol smwh nf snnf = mogahw no |nodxh" chvhb 1 tmbb
dmvh |ah jm|hs gx| fns |ah snnf*cn`slw/
Mo Fmd/ 77 |ah wpx`sh mw wanto `uubmhl |n ` snnf*cn`sl tm|a 08
no cb`lh" tamga mw |ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs |n noh fnn| nf sxo" `ol
tm|a = no |nodxh" tamga mw |ah smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah fnn| sxo9 j`simod
`bnod |ah |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah jm|hs fns |ah cn`slw/
N|ahs xwhw j`} ch j`lh nf |ahwh
fmdxshw" `w wanto mo Fmd/ 7<" tamga
mw noh*a`bf nf ` d`cbh nf ` snnf smw*
mod = mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo/ \ah
wpx`shw `| |ah cn||nj `ol |ah |nu
tmbb dmvh |ah ubxjc `ol ahhb gx|w nf
|ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ \ah w`jh
fmdxshw no |ah wpx`sh `uubmhl |n |ah w|xllmod" j`simod* `bnod |ah
|nodxh fns |ah gx|" tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb |n fm| |ah w|xllmod `d`mow| |ah
s`f|hs9 `ol c} j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh th nc|`mo |ah gx| fns |ah
cn`slw |a`| sxo `gsnww |ah d`cbh/ C} |`imod 0=k no cb`lh" tamga mw
Fmd/ 78/ Fmolmod C`gimod nf Amu mo
D`cbh Snnf/
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 37
|ah bhod|a nf |ah amu fns noh fnn| nf sxo" `ol |`imod no |ah |nodxh |ah
smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" tamga mw = mogahw" `ol `uub}mod
|ahwh `w wanto mo Fmd/ 78" th nc|`mo |ah c`gimod nf |ah amu c}
j`simod `bnod |ah |nodxh nf |ah |tn wpx`shw" `w wanto/
M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl fsnj ta`| a`w chho w`ml" |a`| mo snnfw nf
hpx`b um|ga |ah fmdxsh 03 no |ah cb`lh" `ol ta`|hvhs oxjchs nf mogahw
|ah snnf smwhw |n |ah fnn| sxo no |ah |nodxh" tmbb dmvh |ah ubxjc `ol
ahhb gx|w fns |ah gnjjno s`f|hs9 `ol |a`| c} |`imod 04 no |ah cb`lh
mow|h`l nf 03" `ol |`imod no |ah |nodxh |ah fmdxsh shushwho|mod |ah
smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah fnn| sxo" |ah ubxjc `ol ahhb gx|w `sh fnxol fns
|ah amuw `ol v`bbh}w/
C} |`imod |ah bhod|a nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs fns noh fnn| nf sxo
no cb`lh" `ol |ah sxo 03 no |nodxh" j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh tmbb dmvh
6 6
Fmd/ 76/ B`}mod Nx| \mjchsw nf Snnf tm|a \tn Xohpx`b Um|gahw/
|ah c`gi chvhb fns |ah k`gi |n fm| |ah amu ns v`bbh}" `ol j`simod `bnod
|ah |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb |n gx| |ah snnf*cn`slw |n fm| |ah bmoh nf
amu ns v`bbh} xuno |ah snnf/
Tm|a |amw iontbhldh nf ta`| fmdxshw |n xwh" `ol ta} |ah} `sh
xwhl" m| tmbb ch `o h`w} j`||hs fns `o}noh |n b`} nx| `bb s`f|hsw fns
hpx`b*um|gasnnfw/
Mo Fmd/ 76 mw wanto ` ub`o nf ` snnf tm|a |tn xohpx`b um|gahw/
\ah j`mo snnf mw wanto |n a`vh ` smwh nf 03 mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo/ \ah
fsno| tmod mw wanto |n a`vh ` sxo nf 6 fhh| `ol |n smwh 03 fhh|9 m| a`w
|axw ` um|ganf 3< mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo/ \ahshfnsh 03 no cb`lh nf |ah
wpx`sh`ol 03 no |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah ubxjc `ol ahhb gx|w fns |ah
j`mo snnf" `ol c} w|huumod03 |mjhw `bnod |ah s`f|hs |mjchs |ah bhod|a
nf |ah s`f|hs mw fnxol/ \ah fmdxshwno |ah wpx`sh |n fmol |ah ahhb `ol
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3< \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
ubxjc gx|w fns |ah s`f|hs mo |ah fsno| tmod" tmbb ch 03 sxo `ol 3< smwh"
`ol c} w|huumod 6 |mjhw |ah oxjchs nf fhh| mo |ah sxo nf |ah s`f|hs-"
|ah bhod|atmbb
ch fnxol nvhs |ah sxo nf 6 fhh|" `ol m| tmbb jh`wxsh 07fhh| 6 mogahw/
Mf" mo ub`gh nf w|huumod `bnod |ah |mjchs" |ah lm`dno`b nf 03 `ol
3< mw jxb|mubmhl c} 6" |ah oxjchs nf fhh| mo |ah sxo"
|ah bhod|a j`} ch fnxol hvho |n ` dsh`|hs hq`g|m|xlh/
J`o} g`suho|hsw xwh |amw jh|anl nffs`jmod9 `ol
|n |anwh tan a`vh gnofmlhogh mo |ahms`cmbm|} |n fmdxsh
gnsshg|b}"m| mw ` w`vmod nf |mjh" `ol" `w chfnsh w`ml"
tmbb shwxb| mo ` jnsh `ggxs`|h jh`wxshjho|9 cx| |ah
ch||hs `ol jnsh wgmho|mfmg jh|anl nf fs`jmod mw |n tnsi
|n ` wg`bh nf noh moga" `w a`w `bsh`l} chhohqub`mohl/
@ggnslmod |n |a`| jh|anl" |ah
lm`dno`b nf ` fnn| nf sxo" `ol |ah
oxjchs nf mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo |ah
snnf mw smwmod" jh`wxshl |n ` wg`bh"
tmbb dmvh |ah hq`g| bhod|a/ Fns Fmd/74/ Fmolmod Bhod|a nf S`f|hs fns
hq`jubh" |ah j`mo snnf mo Fmd/ 76 mwFs o| T|`
(0
W$ Wanto mo
smwmod 03 mogahw |n ` fnn| nf sxo/ \ah lm`dno`b nf 03 `ol 03 mw 04
mogahw" tamga" gnowmlhshl `w ` wg`bh nf noh moga |n ` fnn|" tmbb dmvh
0*
Smlph+
Fmd/ 71/ B`}mod Nx| \mjchsw nf Snnf Wanto mo Fmd/ 76" c} Usnkhg|mod Wbnuh nf
Snnf mo|n Ansm{no|`b Ub`oh/
04 fhh|" `ol |amw tmbb ch |ah hq`g| bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns ` snnf smwmod
03 mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo `ol a`vmod ` sxo nf 03 fhh|/
\ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns |ah fsno| tmod" tamga a`w ` sxo nf 6
fhh| `ol ` smwh nf 03 fhh|"j`} ch nc|`mohl c} ub`gmod |ah sxbh `w wanto
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH+
mo Fmd/ 74" fsnj 6 no cb`lh |n 03 no |nodxh" tamga tmbb dmvh ` bhod|a nf
07m mogahw/ Mf |ah wg`bh ch gnowmlhshl `w noh moga |n ` fnn|" |amw tmbb
hpx`b 07 fhh| 6 mogahw" tamga tmbb ch |ah hq`g| bhod|a nf ` gnjjnos`f|hs smwmod 3< mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo `ol a`vmod ` sxo nf 6 fhh|/
M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |ah ub`o bmohw nf |ah v`bbh}w mo |amwfmdxsh
mo shwuhg| |n noh `on|ahs lhvm`|h fsnj fnsjmod ` smda| `odbh/ Mo
hpx`b*um|ga snnfw |ah ub`o bmohw `sh `bt`}w `| smda| `odbhw |n h`ga n|ahs"
`ol |ahshfnsh |ah lm`dno`b nf 03 `ol 03" tamga mw 04 mogahw" tmbb ch
|ah shb`|mvh fnn| sxo nf v`bbh}w `ol amuw mo hpx`b*um|ga snnfw/
Mo Fmd/ 76 mw wanto ant |n fmol |ah fmdxshw |n xwh no |ah wpx`sh
fns v`bbh}w `ol amuw taho lhvm`|mod
fsnj |ah smda| `odbh/ @ bmoh mw
ls`to `| ` lmw|`ogh nf 03 mogahw
fsnj |ah ub`|h `ol u`s`bbhb|n m|"
gx||mod |ah v`bbh} mo s` `w wanto/
\ah u`s| nf |ah v`bbh}fsnj j |n
|ah ub`|h tmbb jh`wxsh 07V mogahw"
tamga mw |ah fmdxsh |a`| mw |n ch
xwhl no |a` wpx`sh |n nc|`mo |ah
bhod|a `ol gx|w nf |ah v`bbh}w/
M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |amw
hpx`bw |ah bhod|a nf |ah gnjjno
s`f|hs `w fnxol c} |ah wpx`sh `ol
sxbh mo Fmd/ 74/ Mo |a`| fmdxsh mw
wanto 03 no |nodxh `ol 6 no cb`lh/
\ah 03 ahsh shushwho|w |ah smwh" `ol|ah 6 |ah sxo nf |ah fsno| snnf/ Mf
|ah 03 ch |`iho |n shushwho| |ah
sxo nf |ah j`mo snnf" `ol |ah 6 |n
Hbhv`|mno
Fmd/ 7=/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Bhod|a `olGx|w nf Ng|`dno Amuw Mo|hswhg|*
mod ` Snnf/
shushwho||ah sxo nf |ah fsno| snnf" |aho" |ah lm`dno`b 07_ tmbb molm*
g`|h |ah bhod|a nf |ah wh`| nf |ah V`bbh} fns 03 fhh| nf sxo" `ol |ahsh*
fnsh fns noh fnn| m| tmbb ch 07r mogahw/ Ont" c} |`imod 07 no |ah
cb`lh fns sxo" `ol 03 mogahw no |ah |nodxh fns smwh" `ol w|huumod
`bnod |ah v`bbh} s`f|hs |mjchs 03 |mjhw" |ah bhod|a nf |ah v`bbh}
tmbb ch fnxol/ \ah cb`lh tmbb dmvh |ah ahhb gx|" `ol |ah |nodxh |ah
ubxjc gx|/
Mo Fmd/71 mw wanto |ah wbnuh
nf |ah snnf usnkhg|hl mo|n |ah ansm*
{no|`b ub`oh/ C} ls`tmod ` fmdxsh c`whl no ` wg`bh nf noh moga |n noh
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36 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH
fnn|" `bb |ah |mjchsw no |ah wbnuh nf |ah snnf g`o ch jh`wxshl/ Chvhb
3" wanto mo |amw fmdxsh" mw |n fm| |ah v`bbh}w `d`mow| |ah smldh/ C}
ls`tmod ` bmoh fsnj t wpx`sh |n |ah wh`| nf |ah v`bbh} |n j" j`imod
*_/"Smlgu
mo *Whgnol Unwm|mno
Fmd/ <5/ WantmodAnt Gnsomgh @ffhg|w V`bbh}w `ol Ub`|hw mo Snnf tm|a Xohpx`b Um|gahw/
t 3 hpx`b mo bhod|a |n |ah bhod|a nf |ahv`bbh}" `w wanto" `ol c} gno*
ohg|mod 3 `ol j" |ah chvhb `| 3 mw fnxol" tamga tmbb fm| |ah v`bbh}w
`d`mow| |ah smldh" `w wanto `| 7 `ol 7 mo Fmd/ 76/
Mo Fmd/ 7=" mw wanto ant |n fmol |ah bhod|a `ol gx|w nf ng|`dno
amuw mo|hswhg|mod ` snnf/ Mo Fmd/ 76" a`bf |ah ub`o nf |ah ng|`dno mw
wanto |n ch mowmlh nf |ah ub`|h"`ol |ah amuw n" {" n mo|hswhg| |ah wbnuh
nf |ah snnf/ Mo Fmd/ 7=" |ah bmohw chbnt q } `sh |ah ub`o bmohw9`ol |anwh
`cnvh" |ah hbhv`|mno/ Fsnj {" n"
n" mo |ah ub`o" ls`t bmohw |n q}"
`w wanto fsnj n|nj `ol fsnj {
|n j9 fsnj j `ol j" ls`t |ah hbh*
?b`|h nf O`ssnt SnnfV`|m o bjhW
/
|N |ah `>6Q#
? mo|hb?
whg|mod |ah bmoh nf |ah snnf mo l#
`ol g#/ Fsnj l# `ol g#" ls`t
|ah bmohw l# v# `ol g# `# u`s`bbhb
|n q }9 fsnj g#" lsnu ` bmoh |n mo*
|hswhg| |ah
ub`o
bmoh `n mo g/
J`ih ` t hpx`b mo bhod|a |n `# n#
nf |ah hbhv`|mno" `ol gnoohg| t g9Fmd/ <0/ Wantmod Shb`|mvh Unwm|mno nf
ub`|hw mo Snnf tm|a \TN xx* jh`wxsh msnjt |n o |ah sxo ahmda|hpx`b Um|gahw/
nf |ah ng|`dno `w wanto fsnj q}
|n |ah `uhq n#9 `ol gnoohg| g o/ \ah bhod|a fsnj t |n g mw |a`| nf
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\AH W\HHB WPX@SH
Wh`| nf V`bbh}
|ah |tn amuw wanto `| n n mo Fmd/ 76" cn|a chmod hpx`b amuw mo|hswhg|*
mod |ah snnf `| `o hpx`b lmw|`ogh fsnj |ah ub`|h/ \ah chvhb o|tmw |ah
|nu chvhb" `ol |ah chvhb `| g tmbb fm| |ah snnf/
@d`mo" lsnu ` bmoh fsnj l# |n mo|hswhg| |ah ub`o bmoh ` { mo l/
J`ih ` 3 hpx`b |n v# n# mo |ah hbhv`|mno" `ol gnoohg| 3 l/ Jh`wxsh
fsnj 3 |n c |ah fxbb ahmda| nf |ah |nths `w wanto fsnj q } |n |ah `uhq
n# mo |ah hbhv`|mno" `ol gnoohg| l c/
\ah bhod|a 3 l shushwho|w |ah
bhod|a nf |ah amu { wanto mo
Fmd/ 769 |ah chvhb `| 3 mw |a`| nf
|ah |nu 9`ol |ah chvhb `| l" |ah
noh |a`| tmbb fm| |ah fnn| nf |ah
amu |n |ah mo|hswhg|mod snnf/
Taho ` gnsomgh nf `o} gno*
wmlhs`cbh tml|a sxow `snxol `
snnf nf |amw imol" m| `ffhg|w |ah
ub`|hw `ol |ah `odbh nf |ah v`b*
bh}w `w wantomo
Fmd/<5/ Mo
|amw$ fmdxsh `sh wanto |ah w`jh
v`bbh}w `w mo Fmd/ 769 cx|" ntmod
|n |ah tml|a nf |ah gnsomgh" |ah
fnn| nf h`ga a`w chho jnvhl |ah
lmw|`ogh ` c `bnod |ah ub`|hnf |ah
j`mo snnf/ Ta} |amw mw lnoh mw
wanto mo |ah ls`tmod |n ch g`xwhl c} |ah ohghwwm|}fns |ah v`bbh}w
|n mo|hswhg| |ah gnsohsw g g nf |ah gnsomgh/
\ah ub`|hw`sh `bwn `ffhg|hl `w wanto mo Fmd/ <0" tahsh |ah ub`|h
nf |ah o`ssnt snnf mw wanto |n ch jxga amdahs |a`o |ah ub`|hnf |ah
j`mo snnf/
\ah chvhbw wanto `| 7" Fmd/ <5" `sh |n fm| |ah v`bbh}w `d`mow| |ah
smldh/
Mo Fmd/ <3 mw wanto ` vhs} wmjubh jh|anl nf fmolmod |ah chvhbw fns
uxsbmowmo hpx`b*um|ga
snnfw/ Ls`t |ah ub`onf |ah gnsohs `w wanto"
`ol ` bmoh fsnj \N |n n9 jh`wxsh fsnj n |ah bhod|a q }" shushwho|mod
|ah gnjjno s`f|hs" |n t9 fsnj t ls`t ` bmoh |n \N9 |ah chvhb wanto
`| 3 tmbb fm| |ah |nu f`gh nf |ah uxsbmo/ @d`mo" fsnj n" lhwgsmch `o
`sg |n gx| |ah wh`| nf |ah v`bbh}"`ol gno|moxh w`jh `snxol |n W9 gno*
ohg| W \N9 |ah chvhb `| 7 tmbb ch |ah wmlh chvhb/
Fmd/ <3/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Chvhbw fns Uxs*bmow mo Hpx`b*Um|ga Snnfw/
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