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1
saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centri
The Folklore State Centre of Georgia
k a v s a Z e e b imonografia
K A V S A D Z E S
monograph
eZRvneba daTaSka kavsaZis dabadebidan 100 wlisTavs
Dedicated to the 100th anniversary since Datashka (Davit)
Kavsadze’s birth
Tbilisi 2007
Tbilisi 2007
2
folkloris saxelmwifo centri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas ux-
dis: kaxi da anzor kavsaZeebs, patiko tatiSvils, erovnuli arqivis
generalur direqtors Teona iaSvils, kinofotofono arqivis di-
reqtors marlen kitias, ilia WavWavaZis saguramos saxl-muzeumis
direqtors andro bedukaZes.
teqstis avtori da redaqtori _ baia asieSvili
gamocemaze muSaobdnen:
nana kalandaZe
nana valiSvili
nunuka SveliZe
Tea kasaburi
damkabadonebeli _ kaxa wurwumia
wigni daibeWda Sps `favoritSi~
The State Folklore Centre of Georgia thanks for the assistance: Kakhi and Anzor Kavsadzes, Patiko Tatishvili, Teona Iashvili (General Director of the National Archive), Marlen Kitia (Director of the Cinema-Photo-Phono Ar-chive), Andro Bedukadze (Director of Ilia Chavchavadze’s Home-Museum in Saguramo).
Author an editor of the text: Baia Asieshvili
Works for this publication were performed by:
Nana KalandadzeNana ValishviliNunuka Shvelidze Tea Kasaburi
Typographic design by Kakha Tsurtsumia
The book was printed in ”Favoriti”, Ltd.
3
qarTulma xalxurma mravalxmianma simReram ganviTarebisa
da srulyofis xangrZlivi periodi ganvlo. didi momRerle-
bis, momRerali gvarebis, Cveni lotbar-mgalobelTa warmo-
Cena-gamomzeurebis `oqros xana~ XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze
dadga, roca daiwyo maTi Cawera-dafiqsireba da qarTuli
simRerebis scenaze Sesruleba. qarTuli xalxuri sasimRe-
ro xelovneba erovnuli cnobierebis TvalsawierSi moeqca
da erovnuli meobis gamoxatvis erT-erT niSansvetad iqca.
qarTvel kacs bunebrivi moTxovnileba gauCnda saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva kuTxis simReris erTad Tavmoyrisa da am erTia-
nobis scenaze xilvisa. amdenad, meoreuli sasimRero fol-
kloris warmoSoba gardauvali aRmoCnda. aRniaSvil-rati-
lis pirveli gundis Semdeg es misia, XIX saukunis miwuruls,
sandro kavsaZis `qarTulma gundma~ ikisra da popularobiT
ratilisas gautolda. `kavsaZeebis momReral gvarze wera ar
aris advili. es gvari, rogorc karbelaSvilebi, faliaSvile-
bi, dumbaZeebi, CavleiSvilebi, erqomaiSvilebi da sxvebi, Ta-
viseburebebiT gamoirCeva. simReriT gataceba da siyvaruli
am gvarSi Taobidan Taobaze gadadis~ (lado gegeWkori, `qar-
Tuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi~, folkloris saxelmwifo
centris arqivi).
kavsaZeTa gvaris modgmas, wina Taobebs, mxolod grigol
kavsaZisgan SegviZlia mivadevnoT Tvali. ucxovria sofel
xovleSi, yofila mRvdeli, kargi momRerali da mgalobeli,
mravalricxovani ojaxis patroni. grigolis Svilebisagan sa-
simRero-samgaloblo tradicia Zmebma _ sandrom da longi-
nozma da maTma STamomavlebma _ andro, mixeil, giguSa, da-
TaSka, nikoloz(kolia) da anzor kavsaZeebma gaagrZeles da
Tavisi sityva Tqves qarTuli xalxuri simReris saSemsru-
leblo da salotbaro xelovnebaSi.
4
Temuri
vaJa
ciala
givi
qeTo
elguja
ciala
rusiko
naTela
rezo
irakli
lado
dinara
niko
qeTo
kako
nodari
gurami
JuJuna
zeinabi
dodo
griSa
gogi
vaJa
giuli
sandro
soso
anzori
iveri
naTela
kaxi
imeri
Tamara
gia
manana, nana
dima besiki
maka
qeTi
miSa
malxazi, givi
amirani, Temo
kote
qeTino
rusiko
giorgi
soso
daTo, maiko
nino, miSiko
daTo, Tea
vaxo, mamuka
Sorena
guri
giorgi
elene
oTari
TaTia
vaJa
zaza
TamTa
andro
daTo
cira
salome
iveri
giorgi
laSa
irina
natalia
TinaTini
giguSa
daTaSka
ritasa
nd
ro
babulia
vaxtangi
irakli
io
se
bi
Saqro
qucuna
Tamara
vano
il
ia
andro
miSa
kola
lado
vera
lo
ng
in
oz
i
fiso
naTia
omari
irina
nana
lado
laura
enguli
rusudani
nugzari
gia
paata
nukri
zaza
gia, qeTi, marika
irakli, SoTa, TamTa
nino, nestani, daTo
Tika
sandro
gia
nino
daTo
irakli
daTaSka
grigoli longinozi ilia iosebi gola sandro maSo ekaterine
5
sandro kavsaZe (1874-1939)
saqarTveloSi sagundo mRe-
ris saTaveebTan sandro kav-
saZe dgas. sandrom udidesi
roli Seasrula qarTl-kax-
uri simRerebis aRdgena-po-
pularizaciis saqmeSi. `misi,
rogorc Semsrulebel-so-
listis uzado ostatoba,
didi diapazonis, iSviaTi si-
lamazis kolorituli xma
(tenori) da qarTluri kilos
araCveulebrivi, Taviseburi
interpretacia aRafrTova-
nebs msmenels, xolo mis mier
namReri `urmuli~ da `mTao,
gadmiSvi~ dRemde samagaliTo
rCeba~ (anzor erqomaiSvili).
sandro kavsaZe daibada 1874 wels sofel xovleSi (dRevan-
deli kaspis raioni). simRera mamam Seaswavla, simRera-galo-
baSi ki goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi simon gogliCiZesTan
daostatda. lotbarma sandro saswavleblis gundSi Tavis
moadgiled daniSna. am gundSi eufleboda simRera-galo-
bas soso juRaSvilic (stalini). sandro kavsaZe 15-17 wlisa
lotbarobda, Tan SesaniSnavi xmiT msmenelTa yuradRebas
ipyrobda. goris saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg Tbili-
sis sasuliero seminariaSi ramdenime Tve swavlobda da, mo-
wafeTa areulobaSi monawileobisaTvis, oras seminarielTan
erTad, seminariidan garicxes. am dros sandro kavsaZes ukve
lado aRniaSvilis gundis solistad iwveven.
sandro kavsaZe
Sandro Kavsadze
6
1893 wels 19 wlis sandro kavsaZe gorSi ayalibebs ̀ qarTul
gunds~ _ ratilis Semdeg meore gunds. gundSi mRerodnen
Tavisi Zmiswuli mixeil kavsaZe da vano sarajiSvili. sand-
ros, miSasa da vanos namReri atyvevebda msmenelebs. gorSi ga-
mosvlis Semdeg jer kidev sasuliero saswavleblis mowafes
da gundis xelmZRvanels soso juRaSvils uTqvams: ramdenime
xans gorSi koncertebs aRar gavmarTavT, gorelebs kavsaZis
gundis namReri unda daaviwydeTo.
1896 wels sandro kavsaZe ukve TbilisSi ayalibebs gunds.
gundma udidesi roli Seasrula qarTuli musikaluri kul-
turis ganviTarebaSi. sandro zustad icavda xalxuri musi-
kaluri azrovnebis kanonzomierebebs. igi kargad icnobda
qarTlis soflebs. gansakuTrebiT ainteresebda qarTl-kax-
uri simRerebi, am margalitebs eZiebda, krebda da Sehqonda
Tavisi gundis repertuarSi, Tan moswavle axalgazrdobas
aswavlida. TbilisSi gundis Seqmnis paralelurad mas-
wavleblobda Tbilisis, mcxeTisa da winamZRvrianTkaris
sandro kavsaZe iliaobaze, 1896
Sandro Kavsadze at Iliaoba (Ilia Chavchavadze’s birthday cellebration), 1896
7
skolebSi. winamZRvrianTkaris sasoflo-sameurneo skolis
damaarsebels, cnobil pedagogsa da sazogado moRvawes,
ilia WavWavaZis megobars, ilia winamZRvriSvils sandro
kavsaZe simRera-galobis maswavleblad miuwvevia. axal-
gazrda momRerlisa da lotbaris moRvaweoba aRafrTova-
nebda did ilias. Turme gansakuTrebiT moswonda sandros
Sesrulebuli `urmuli~ da `orovela~. mixeil javaxiS-
vils Semounaxavs metad saintereso mogoneba saguramoSi
_ `iliaobaze~ _ winamZRvrianTkaris skolis mowafeebisa
da maswavleblebis, maT Soris, sandro kavsaZis stumrobis
Sesaxeb: `ilias dReobaSi zedized oTxjer viyavi. 1896 da
1897 wels Cvens gunds ordenosani sandro kavsaZe xelmZR-
vanelobda. me pirvel xmas vambobdi, is ki moZaxils... im
dRes diliT galobaSi kidev erTxel vivarjiSeT, sufTad
CavicviT da saguramosken gavwieT. win maswavlebeli Tedo
megreliSvili migviZRvis, mas momReralTa gundi misdevs...
ilias saxls rom mivuaxlovdiT, mgzavrulis kiloze misive
leqsi davZaxeT:
qarTvelo, xeli xmals ikar,
dRe gaTenda didebisa,
Tof-iaraRi aisxiT,
dro modis gamarjvebisa!
win ilia gamogvegeba, gars SemovexvieT da simRera davas-
ruleT...
Cvenma gundma uamravi simRera icoda: `guSin Svidni gurja-
nelni~, `gafrindi, Savo mercxalo~, `murmano~, `Tamaris droSa
gaSales~, `waiyvanes Tamar qali~, `aRsdeg, gmirT-gmiro~, `Cux-
CuxiT Camorboda~ da mravalnairi `mravalJamieri~. vulgarul
`Seni Wirimes~ da ratilis kiloebs ilias xalxuri simRera er-
Civna. es Cvenc vicodiT da TiTqmis mxolod lado aRniaSvilis
repertuars viyenebdiT. ilia bans gveubneboda, magram smena ar
uvargoda da amitom misi xma disonansad ismoda. Cven, ra Tqma
8
unda, verafers vubedav-
diT. sama gierod, erTma
glexma Seubeda da gaaCuma.
`berikaci var, nu momklav~
ilias gagiJebiT uyvarda.
es simRera Cveni gundis Sem-
deg glexebma daiwyes. ilia
maSinve iq gaCnda, or glexs
mxrebze moexvia da bani mi-
ayola. mec iq gavCndi da
erTi mokle dialogi kar-
gad gavigone:
_ iliav, gaCumdi, _
uTxra glexma.
_ ver gavCumdebi, _
miugo iliam, _ eg simRera
Zlier miyvars da mec unda
vimRero.
_ ilia, gaCumdi, Torem Cven gavCumdebiT.
_ kargi, isev me gavCumdebi, _ uTxra iliam da is simRera
xangamoSvebiT sam-oTxjer aTqmevina~.
...sruliad axalgazrda momReralsa da lotbars sandro
kavsaZes mTel saqarTveloSi icnobdnen. maSindeli sazoga-
doeba da msmeneli momzadebuli aRmoCnda qarTuli xalxuri
musikaluri xelovnebis misaRebad, gasacnobiereblad da ga-
saTaviseblad. imdroindeli presa uyuradRebod ar tovebda
sandro kavsaZis gundis arcerT koncerts, yovelTvis exmau-
reboda mis saSemsruleblo ostatobas.
1897 wels foTis qalaqis Tavma, didma sazogado moRvawem
da pulicistma, niko nikolaZem, sofrom mgalobliSvilis
rCeviT, foTSi gamoiZaxa axalgazrda sandro kavsaZe da mas
saxeldaxelod gundis Seqmna sTxova. naucbadebad Seqmnilma
gundma, romelSic SemdegSi cnobili momRerlebi _ besarion
CiCua, banZRi nodia, kosta gawerelia da sxvebi _ monawile-
3. sandro kavsaZe (zis)
Sandro Kavsadze (sitting)
9
obdnen, ramdenime saqvelmoqmedo koncerti gamarTa da mayu-
rebelTa didi mowoneba daimsaxura. Tavad sandrom ki `Tavi-
si mSvenieri simReriT ise aRtacebaSi moiyvana sazogadoeba,
rom ramdenimejer gamowveuli iqna scenaze da dajildoebu-
li taSis cemiT, niSnad Rrma pativiscemisa, mierTva dafnis
gvirgvini da Zvirfasi saCuqari zed warweriT: sayvarel mom-
Rerals b-n al. kavsaZes foTis sazogadoebisagan~. aRniSnul-
ma koncertma stimuli misca Zuku loluas mTel Tavis Semd-
gom moRvaweobaSi~ (lado gegeWkori, `qarTuli xalxuri sim-
Reris ostatebi~, folkloris saxelmwifo centris arqivi).
900-ian wlebSi sandro kavsaZe sonia ciciSvilze daqorwin-
da. itkices ciciSvilebma _ fanaskertel-ciciSvilis qalma
viRac ubralo momReralze rogor daiwera jvario!.. ciciSvi-
lis qalbatoni Tavdadebuli meuRle da deda gamodga, warb-
Seuxrelad itanda cxovrebiseul siZneleebsa da proble-
mebs. sandros meuRle adre gardaecvala da martom gazarda
sami Svili _ giguSa, daTaSka da rita (margarita).
1911 wels sandro kavsaZem Tavisi gundi Zmiswuls, mosko-
qarTl-kaxuri simRerebis gundi sandro kavsaZis xelmZRvanelobiT, 1910
Group of Kartl-Kakhetian song performers, directed by Sandro Kavsadze, 1910
10
vidan axlad dabrunebul mixeil kavsaZes gadasca, Tavad ki
samuSaod da gundebis Sesaqmnelad WiaTuraSi gadadis. or
aTeul welze meti imuSava sandro kavsaZem imereTSi. tyibu-
lisa da WiaTuris maRaroelTa gundebis garda, gundebs aya-
libebs saCxereSi, zestafonsa da quTaisSi, eweva pedagogiur
saqmianobas. 1930 wels moRvaweobis 30 wlis iubile gadauxa-
des da xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawis wodeba mianiWes.
1937 wlisTvis stalinma qarTvelTaTvis sami didi movlena
Caifiqra, erT-erTi moskovSi qarTuli xelovnebis pirveli
dekadis gamarTva iyo. did triumfs, stalinTan Sexvedris
detalebs aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos gundis wev-
rebi, TiToeuli damswre sxvadasxvanairad igonebs.
1935 wels sandro imereTidan TbilisSi gadmohyavT da de-
kadisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eTnografiuli gundis
Seqmna-momzadebas avaleben. moadgiled umcrosi vaJi daTa-
Ska dauniSnes. qoreografiul nawils iliko suxiSvili uZR-
veboda. sakmaod mokle droSi sandro kavsaZem erT mTliano-
bad Sekruli mravalricxovani gundi brwyinvaled gamoiyvana
moskovSi. sadekado Semajamebeli koncerti 1937 wlis 8 ian-
vars moskovis did TeatrSi gaimarTa.
sandro kavsaZe da Zuku lolua akaki wereTelTan erTad WiaTuraSi, 1912
Sandro Kavsadze and Dzuku Lolua together with Akaki Tsereteli in Chiatura, 1912
11
qeTevan paWkorias mogoneba:
`...stalini sandro kavsaZes miubrunda: axalgazrda rom
iyavi, mjobnidi, axla ki me gjobnio. mere uTxra: _ simRera-
Si kirilem gajoba! _ majobebda, aba ra, _ upasuxa sandrom,
_ Cemi saukeTeso momRerlebi daiWires. _ rogor Tu dai-
Wires?! _ gabrazda stalini da berias ubrZana, am wuTSive
gaaTavisufleo... eseni iyvnen: mixa jiRauri, ivane da ioseb
mWedliSvilebi da kidev ar maxsovs, vin. marTlac, patimrebi
imave Rames gauTavisuflebiaT, etyoba, im wamsve daurekavs
berias moskovidan da stalinis brZaneba Seusrulebia.~
dekadis Semdeg sandro kavsaZe kremlis saavadmyofoSi
iwva, avad iyo, yeli stkioda. man werili miiRo stalinisagan.
konvertze rusulad ewera: `Товарищу Александру Кавсадзе, от Сталина~. werilSi ki qarTulad swerda: `sandros gaumarjos!
gavige SemTxveviT egnataSvilisagan, rom saavadmyofoSi yo-
filxarT, amboben Tqvenze _ Cqara mokeTdebao. Tu saWiroa
sandro(marcxniv) da giguSa(marjvniv) kavsaZeebi
Sandro(left) and Gigusha(right) Kavsadzes
12
riTime mogexmaroT, _ miTxa-
riT. me mzaTa var moxmare-
bisTvis. icocxleT aTasi we-
liwadi. salami!
Tqveni soso. 9/IX 37 w.~
1937 wlis 15 ianvars sandro
kavsaZe Sromis wiTeli droSis
ordeniT dajildovda. misi
gundidan `sapatio niSnis~ or-
denebi miiRes iliko suxiSvil-
ma, giorgi vardiSvilma, qeTe-
van miqelaZem da vladimer xe-
Tagurma.
TbilisSi dabrunebuli san-
dro kavsaZis gundi male sa-
gastrolod leningradSi mi-
iwvies. gunds ukve daTaSka xelmZRvanelobda. gastrolebma
triumfiT Caiara da 1937-38 wlebSi koncertebiT moiara ru-
seTis udidesi qalaqebi. am periodSi gundma ocze meti sim-
Rera Cawera: `Wona~, `Tebrone~, `brZana soloman~, `ferxuli~,
`guSin Svidni gurjanelni~ `heri, biWo, baCasao~ `cangala~
`visia, visia~, `modiso mteri~, `varado~; `murman~, `Sari-
Suri~, `zamTari~, `metiuri~ da sxva.
TbilisSi dabrunebulma sandrom muSaoba veRar gaagrZela.
verc kremlis saavadmyofoSi mkurnalobam uSvela. sandro
kavsaZe gardaicvala TbilisSi, 1939 wlis 12 ivniss. dakrZa-
lulia vakis sasaflaoze, qarTvel moRvaweTa panTeonSi.
sandro kavsaZe (zis)
Sandro Kavsadze (sitting)
stalinis naqoni Cibuxi
Pipe that once belonged to Stalin
13
daTaSka kavsaZe (1907 _ 1952)
daTaSka kavsaZis mwiri bio-
grafia pirvelad lado ge-
geWkoris wignSi _ `qarTuli
xalxuri simReris ostate-
bi~ _ daibeWda, dabadeba-
gardacvalebis TariRis ga-
reSe. misi cxovrebisa da Se-
moqmedebis gza samamulo omSi
gawveviT da 1941 wels qerCSi
daRupviT mTavrdeboda. im
dros sxvagvarad arc SeiZle-
boda _ simarTles aravin da-
beWdavda. daTaSkas daWerisa
da gadasaxlebis Semdeg es
gvari TiTqos arc arsebobda
qarTul xalxur simReraSi.
sinamdvileSi daTaSka kavsaZem
45 weli icocxla da 1952 wels
gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala. misi namdvili biografia pirve-
lad axla, 2007 wels iwereba.
daviT kavsaZe daibada 1907 wlis 10 agvistos. sandro kav-
saZis ojaxis sacxovrebeli adgilebis xSiri cvlis gamo swav-
lobda WiaTuraSi, tyibulSi, quTaisSi, bolos 1926 wels Wia-
TuraSi daamTavra saSualo skola. 14 wlidan lotbarobda
WiaTuris saSualo skolis gunds. skolis damTavrebisTanave
dainiSna Sorapnis rkinigzis skolaSi simReris maswavle-
blad, momdevno wels quTaisis vaWrobis muSakTa klubSi mom-
ReralTa gundis lotbarad. 1929 wels Tbilisis meore samu-
siko saswavlebelSi Sedis. sam weliwadSi Zlevs mTel kurss
daTaSka kavsaZe
Datashka Kavsadze
14
da konservatoriis sakom-
pozicio fakultetis stu-
denti xdeba, mesame kursi-
dan ki sadiriJoro fakul-
tetze gadadis. amave dros
xelmZRvanelobs Tbilisis
skolebis, teqnikumebisa
da muSfakebis gundebs.
1929 wlidan Zmebi _ gigu-
Sa da daTaSka kavsaZeebi _
saqarTvelos pirvel, meo-
re da mesame olimpiadaze
sandro kavsaZis tyibulis
maRaroelTa gundis wamy-
vani xmebi iyvnen. 1935 wli-
dan, roca sandro kavsaZe
saTaveSi Caudga aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos saxelm-
wifo eTnografiul gunds,
gundis birTvi isev misi va-
Jebi darCnen. salotbaro
saqmeSi studentobidanve daTaSka daostatda.
qarTuli xelovnebis pirveli dekadisaTvis mzadeba 1935
wlis miwurulidan daiwyo da sandros moadgiled oficial-
urad ukve Tavisi vaJi dauniSnes. dekadisaTvis aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi agrovebdnen saukeTeso momRer-
lebs. eTnografiul gunds SeuerTdnen kaxeli momRerlebi
mixa jiRaurisa da vano mWedliSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT.
amasTan dakavSirebiT giorgi javaxiSvilis wignSi _ `leqsisa
da simReris kvaldakval~ _ gogla yavalaSvilis saintereso
mogoneba arsebobs: `1936 wels, daaxloebiT 15 seqtembers, 10
saaTze, ezos karidan Zaxili Semomesma, gavedi, Cveni gundis
xelmZRvaneli tito mgalobliSvili da kidev oTxi ucnobi
kaci davinaxe, _ es amxanagebi Tbilisidan arian momRerlebis
daTaSkas ojaxi
Datashka’s family
15
wasayvanad Camosulebi, dRes Cvens gunds Seamowmeben da unda
moxvideo. titom roca mosuli stumrebi gamacno, aRmoCnda
daviT kavsaZe, giguSa kavsaZe, giorgi vardiaSvili da peto
zveriaSvili. maT Camoagdes laparaki qarTul xalxur simRe-
rebze. Tqves, SarSan moskovSi dasavleT saqarTvelos momRe-
ralTa eTnografiuli gundi iyo kirile paWkorias xelmZRva-
nelobiT da kargi Sefasebac misceso. axla, stalinis uSualo
davalebiT, saqarTvelos mTavrobam daiwyo zrunva qarTl-
kaxuri simRerebis aRsadgenad. monaxes Zveli lotbari sand-
ro kavsaZe, romelic gvixelmZRvanelebs, mTavrobam gundis
Sesanaxad xarjebi gamoyo da SevudeqiT Zveli momRerlebis
Sekrebaso.
saRamo xani iyo. mgalobliSvils gundi mzad hyavda da
stumrebis TandaswrebiT SevasruleT mTeli Cveni gundis
repertuari. roca me da beruaSvilma vimRereT `Cakrulo~,
`mravalJamieri~ da `Conguro~, momibrunda daviT kavsaZe da
miTxra: Zia gogla, xval sastumroSi amoxvalT, movilapara-
daTaSka megobrebTan
Datashka with friends
16
koTo. gadawyda Cemi da beriaSvi-
lis TbilisSi wayvana. TbilisSi
rom CamovediT, sandro kavsaZem
gviTxra: gamocdaze unda gaia-
roT, kompozitorebi da simReris
ostatebi daeswrebian, ecadeT,
kargad imReroTo. gamocdaze ma-
Sin vimRereT `mravalJamieri~ da
`Conguro~, romlebic Cvens sim-
Rerebad gamocxadda~....
1937 wlis miwuruls, umZimesi
represiebis Semdeg, stalinma,
qarTvelebis gulis mosagebad,
rusTavelis 750 wlis iubilec
aRaniSnina, ilias 100 wlisTavic
da qarTuli kulturisa da xelov-
nebis pirveli dekadac. dekadaSi
iseTi Zalebi monawileobdnen,
triumfi garantirebuli iyo da
asec moxda. amaze bevri dawerila
da kidev daiwereba. aq yuradRebis
centrSi stalini da qarTveleb-
Tan misi damokidebuleba iyo. am
erTi kacis sityva, Jesti, gamox-
edva, saubari xelovnebis ostate-
bTan, qarTuli xalxuri musikis
moRvaweebTan jerac amouwuravi
Temaa. momRerlebi yvelaze metad Relavdnen: stalins, Ta-
vadac SesaniSnavi xmisa da smenis patrons, Tavis droze Cine-
bul momReral- mgalobels verafers gamoaparebdnen. erTi
ram cxadia: beladma yvelasTan gamonaxa saerTo ena da yve-
las guli moigo. yvelaze STambeWdavi ormoci wlis Semdeg
yofili seminarielebis Sexvedra iyo (am Sexvedris Sesaxeb
daTaSkas vaJisTvis _ kaxi kavsaZisaTvis _ uambnia uSualo
daTaSka
Datashka
17
mxilvels _ akaki ZiZigurs): politbiuros wevrebsa da de-
kadis monawileebs Soris giorgievskis darbazSi gaimarTa
Sexvedra. yvela belads eloda. scenaris mixedviT, stalini
bolos unda Semosuliyo, Semovida da igriala vaSam. stalin-
ma xeli awia, yvela gaaCuma da mimoixeda _ TvalebiT viRacas
eZebda. xalxi aRelda, ar icoda, rogor moqceuliyo... bo-
los stalinma Cumad ikiTxa: sandro aq aris? _ yvelam SvebiT
amoisunTqa. gakeTda cocxali derefani _ TavSi didi bela-
di dgas, boloSi _ sandro da uyureben erTmaneTs. pirveli
nabiji stalinma gadadga, wamovida sandroc, SuaSi Sexvd-
nen erTmaneTs da gadaexvivnen. `Sen ar Secvlilxar~, _ uT-
xra stalinma da mxarze xeli dahkra. sandromac igive Jesti
gaimeora. stalinma kidev erTxel gaumeora: `Sen marTla ar
Secvlilxar~... Semdeg Cumad raRacaze saubrobdnen: TiTqos
stalins uTqvams megobrisaTvis _ Sen xom ici, me didi kaci
var da bevris gakeTeba SemiZlia. mTxove, rame ar gindao? _
Sen rom ewevi, es Cibuxi maCuqeo, _ daufiqreblad uTxovia
sandros. mokled, ase iyo Tu ise, stalinis naCuqari Cibuxi,
daTaSka kavsaZe Sorapnis gundis wevrebTan erTad
Datashka Kavsadze with the members of the Shorapani group
18
qa
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is
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19
38
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193
8
19
beladis werilTan erTad, axlac kaxi kavsaZis ojaxSi inaxeba.
samwuxarod, Cven ar viciT, uTxra Tu ara sandrom stalins,
rom Tavisi vaJebic momRerlebi iyvnen da imJamad iq imyofe-
bodnen. maSin sandro kavsaZe verc ki warmoidgenda, rom 1941
wels misi orive vaJi qerCis sasaklaoze moxvdeboda, giguSa
daiRupeboda, daTaSka ki tyved Cavardeboda, rva wlis Semdeg
samSoblos Ralati dabraldeboda, daapatimrebdnen da Ta-
visi rZali Tamar cagareiSvili sandros saxeliT stalinTan
SeRwevas da qmris sicocxlis gadarCenas Seecdeboda. manamde
ki 1937-1939 wlebi didi triumfi iyo aRmosavleT saqarTvel-
os saxelmwifo eTnografiuli gundisa da, piradad, daTaSka
kavsaZisaTvis. `mwyobri mReriT~, rogorc maSindeli presa
werda, ansamblma koncertebi gamarTa moskovSi, leningradSi
da sabWoTa kavSiris sxva qalaqebSi. mamis mZime avadmyofobis
gamo gunds, faqtobrivad, daTaSka xelmZRvanelobda... 1939
wels aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos eTnografiuli
gundebi gaerTiandnen saqarTvelos xalxuri simRerisa da
cekvis saxelmwifo ansamblad: samxatvro xelmZRvaneli gri-
gol kokelaZe, lotbarebi kirile paWkoria da daTaSka kav-
saZe, qoreografi jano bagrationi, Conguri da fanduri _
avqsenti megreliZe.
1941 wels samamulo omis dasawyisSi 34 wlis daTaSka isev
saxelmwifo ansamblis erT-erTi xelmZRvanelia. magram de-
kembris miwuruls omSi gaiwvies da `iqidan cocxali aRar da-
brunebula~, magram aqedan iwyeba is, rac mravali weli miCqma-
luli da tabudadebuli iyo.
kaxis naambobidan: `im dros ansamblis rigiT momRerlebs
hqondaT javSani, aramc Tu xelZRvanels. Zalauneburad ifiq-
reb: `Cauwyves~ da gangeb daumaleso. mamaCemic adga, daixura
qudi da wavida frontze. ra Tqma unda, qerCSi ukres Tavi
(mogvianebiT daTaSka swerda dedaCems, qerCSi zRvac iwvo-
dao). roca tyved Cavarda, mere Tqves, ager ar iyo javSanio?!
kavsaZeebi mtriani gvaria, magram esec xom aris, `kargia mudam
mtriani~! tyvedCavardnil oficrebsa da politxelebs germa-
20
qarTveli tyveebis gundi
Group of Georgian captives
21
22
nelebi adgilze xvretdnen. daTaSkas Cxrekisas fotosuraTi
upoves: meuRle da ori patara biWi _ me da imeri. didxans uy-
ura germanelma oficerma fotos, mere daTaSkas da uTqvams:
aseTi col-Svilisa da garegnobis kaci komunisti ver iqne-
bio. imjerad daTaSka aSkara sikvdils gadaurCa. Cven didxans
ar vicodiT misi tyved Cavardnis ambavi _ daRupuli gvego-
na. gvian gavigeT: safrangeTSia, qarTveli tyveebisagan gundi
Seuqmnia da simRerebs aswavliso. germanelebi imaT uSvebd-
nen sakoncentracio banakidan, visac dasavleTSi naTesavebi
hyavda. daTaSkasTan erTad tyved imyofeboda valodia xar-
bedia, safrangeTSi hyavda naTesavebi da gauSves. swored mas
uTqvams qarTuli emigraciisaTvis daTaSka kavsaZis tyveobis
ambavi da igi safrangeTis qarTvelobam parizSi waiyvana. mas
gundis Seqmna SesTavazes. qarTuli gundis Seqmnis mizeziT
Sedioda daTaSka sakoncentracio banakebSi da gamohyavda
qarTvelebi: Sevidoda da qarTulad ikiTxavda, vinc qarTve-
li xarT, gamodiTo. visac qarTuli esmoda, yvela gamodioda
Tamar cagareiSvili, kaxi da imeri kavsaZeebi
Tamar Tsagareishvili, Kakhi and Imeri Kavsadzes
23
_ azerbaijaneli, somexi, ebraeli. germanelebs ukvirdaT:
amdeni kaci gundSi rad gindaTo?! eseni jer avadmyofebi ari-
an, gamojanmrTeldebian da gairkveva, vis SeuZlia simRera da
vis arao, _ uxsnida daTaSka. bevri Semxvedria mamaCemis ga-
darCenili. erTma qarTvelma miTxra avstraliaSi: mamaSens
vuTxari, cxovrebaSi ar mimReria-meTqi. wadi, wadi, Tavs uSve-
leo. ase gadaarCina uamravi adamiani sikvdils. praqtikulad,
sakoncentracio banakSi qarTveli ar daRupula, magram, vinc
gadarCa da dabrunda, aq yvela daiWires da gadaasaxles~.
qarTvel tyveTa gundi safrangeTSi marTlac Seiqmna da, mis
xelmZRvanelze adre, raRac gzebiT gundis suraTma saqarTvel-
oSi CamoaRwia. kaxi kavsaZis ojaxSi axlac inaxeba es unikaluri
foto. maSin maTTan Cumad bevri dadioda, ukvalod dakarguli
Svilebis, qmrebisa da naTesavebis amocnobas lamobdnen _ fo-
toebs adarebdnen. es fotosuraTi daTaSkas meuRlem Tamar ca-
gareiSvilma ubeSi Cadebuli gadaarCina _ Cxrekisas amdeni ver
gabedes da xeli veRar Cauyves. Tamari `КГБ~-s xalxs eubneboda:
`ras eZebT, batonebo, hitleris werilebs xom arao~?!. tyve-
ebis gundis repertuari Cawerilia, gadarCa Tu ukvalod gaqra,
Zneli saTqmelia. iqneb safrangeTis
romelime arqivSi inaxeba. es momava-
li kvleva-Ziebis sagania...
1945 wlis dekemberSi tyveTa
gundi amerikaSi sagastrolod
unda wasuliyo. daTaSka amis magiv-
rad moskovSi dabrunda. eubnebod-
nen _ dagiWereno. mas ukvirda: ra
davaSave, ratom unda damiWirono?
moskovSi miSa Wiaurels Sexvda, man
cota xniT moskovSi darCena ur-
Cia. Wiaureli stalinTan unda Se-
suliyo da Sen Sesaxebac vetyvio,
Sehpirda. daTaSkam ver moiTmina,
Tanac axali weli modioda, oTxi daTaSka kavsaZe
Datashka Kavsadze
24
weli col-Svili ar enaxa da wamovida.
ojaxma da naTesaobam sagangebo Sexvedra mouwyves _ Seako-
wiwes Tu ki ram hqondaT da sufra gaSales. Camodga matarebeli...
magram daTaSka soWSi aeyvanaT. kaxis axsovs, dedamisi rogor
darboda da erTsa da imave sityvas imeorebda: `Почему, почему!..”
(mogvianebiT, roca kaxis moskovSi kinosareJisoro fakultet-
ze Cabareba undoda, man novela dawera saTauriT `Почему~).
meuRlem da Svilebma daTaSka pirvelad uSiSroebis izo-
latorSi naxes. oriveni _ kaxi da imeri _ muxlebze daisva,
efereboda da kaxis hkiTxa, _ musikas Tu swavlobo? Semdeg
gisosebs miRma aCvenes, mesamed mividnen da uTxres: waiyva-
neso. Tamarma maSinve Tqva: morCa, is veRar dabrundebao. er-
Txel wavida kidec meuRlesTan gadasaxlebaSi _ `sverdlov-
skaia oblast, stancia sosva~ _ es iyo da es.
kaxis naambobidan: ̀ roca mama daiWires, dedaCems sul uTvli-
da: rogorme stalins SeatyobineT Cemi ambavi _ sandro kavsa-
Zis Svili daWerilia, rogorc samSoblos moRalateo. dedaCemi
wavida moskovSi, Sexvda egnataSvils, magram stalinamde ver Se-
aRwia. egnataSvils uTqvams: omi axali damTavrebulia, stalini
isea dakavebuli, Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqi _ kalistrate
cincaZe _ sami Tvea, stalinis TxovniTaa Camosuli da vera da
ver Sexvda... ar vici, ramden xans dagWirdeba lodinio. dedaCemi
didxans ver darCeboda, ori patara bavSvi naTesavebTan vyavdiT
datovebuli. am vizitma erTi Sedegi mainc gamoiRo: CamorTmeu-
li bina dagvibrunes da ojaxma am mxriv mainc igrZno Sveba.
stalinis gardacvalebis Semdegac sakmaod didxans isev
akrZaluli iyo kavsaZeTa xseneba... SiSis sindromi kidev didx-
ans arsebobda: bebiaCemi, mari zurabovna _ robaqiZis qali _
ciciSvilis qalbatoniviT isic `moinglisur-mofrancicu-
le~ _ kategoriulad uaryofda grigol robaqiZesTan naTe-
saur kavSirs. mogvianebiT gavigeT, rom RviZli biZaSvilebi
yofilan...~
isev kaxis mogonebidan:
`1960 weli, ocdaxuTi wlis biWi rigaSi vimyofebi gadaRe-
25
baze, nomerSi Sevedi, radio CavrTe da raRac gamoacxades.
mivxvdi, xalxur simRerebs gadmoscemdnen. uceb gvari kav-
saZe gavigone. me megona, ramdenime dRis win interviu aiRes
Cemgan da albaT imas uSveben-meTqi. da uceb: `sativeze tivi
Sevkar...~ _ daiwyo giguSam, ahyva daTaSka (mamas patara xma
hqonda). egeni rom mRerodnen _ giguSa da daTaSka!.. iseTi pa-
saJia erTi `metiurSi~ _ erT sunqvaze sruldeba _ karuzos
kadenciasaviT... sentimentalisti ara var, magram marto viya-
vi nomerSi da mTeli xmiT vitire... mamaCemis cxovrebaze fil-
mis gadaReba undodaT. mTavari gmiri mamaCemis prototipi
unda yofiliyo. amasTan dakavSirebiT misi dakiTxvis oqmebi
amoiRes. me Zalian ganvicdidi, vRelavdi _ aseTi sabuTebi
yovelTvis saSiSia. magram, madloba RmerTs, miTxres: kaxi,
waikiTxe da ar Segrcxvebao. samwuxarod, filmis gadaReba
ratomRac ar moxerxda. mamaCemi represirebulia, magram rea-
bilitirebuli _ ara. gangeb ar vakeTeb amas: mamaCemi CemTvis
yovelTvis iyo nimuSi kargi, yvelaze wesieri kacisa. rac cx-
Tamari, kaxi da imeri
Tamar, Kakhi and Imeri
26
ovrebaSi fexi Sevdgi, arasodes mqonia mSoblebis kompleqsi
_ Zalian kargi mSoblebi myavda. `ui, daTaSkas Svili xar?~ _
masze yovelTvis mxolod kargi mesmoda. dedaCemma Cems xelSi
dalia suli. misi ukanaskneli sityva iyo _ `daTaSka~ da gar-
daicvala. dedaCemi mamamTilis, sandro kavsaZis, gverdiTaa
dasaflavebuli~.
patiko tatiSvilis mogoneba:
`mamaCemi _ akaki tatiSvili _ daTaSka kavsaZis tyveTa
gundSi mReroda. 1946 wels dabrunda germaniidan da 1948
wlis gazafxulze daiWires. miusajes 25 weli patimroba, Sem-
deg xuTi weli gadasaxleba. maSin mama 33 wlis iyo. sasjels
ixdida SoreulSi _ mordoveTis assr-Si. 1955 wlis zafxulSi
dabrunda. amis Semdeg mamas aRar umReria _ ganawyenebuli
iyo komunistebze. tyveobisa da tyveTa gundis ambebs ki xSi-
rad ixsenebda. tyved 1942 wlis dekemberSi Cavarda ukrainaSi.
mamaCemi kargad mReroda. WiaTuridan icnobda kavsaZeebs.
sandro xSirad stumrobda Cvens ojaxs. bebiaCems, jafariZis
qals, brwyinvale xma hqonda. sandro exveweboda babuaCems:
TbilisSi gamatane, wereTlebi da iSxnelebi amasTan araferi
iqnebao. ra Tqma unda, babuaCems ar uqnia _ coli me CemTvis
mindao. mamaCemi sandros gundSi mReroda, daTaSkasac kargad
icnobda da giguSasac. swored daTaSkam da arCil gomarTelma
gamoiyvanes tyveTa banakidan sam qarTvelTan erTad da oTx-
ive parizSi waiyvanes. amaTgan erT-erTi, TianeTeli beso mge-
liaSvili, SarSan gardaicvala. mamaCemi da beso xSirad stum-
robdnen erTmaneTs, Zvel ambebs ixsenebdnen da xandaxan Cumad
wauRiRinebdnen kidec. beso mgeliaSvili CamosvlisTanave
daiWires, aTi weli miusajes da ufro didxans ixdida sasjels.
zustad ar vici, ramden xans mRerodnen daTaSkas gundSi. Sem-
deg safrangeTSi Tavis Senaxva gaWirda, oTxiveni germaniaSi
dabrundnen da giorgi maRalaSvilis mamulSi muSaobdnen, ro-
melic im dros `TeTri giorgis~ xelmZRvaneli iyo.
mamaCemi orwel-naxevari dakiTxvaze dahyavdaT da mizezad
ori ram daudes: maRalaSvilTan produqcias qmnidi _ amiT
27
germaniis jars exmarebodi da daTaSkas gundSi Cven winaaRm-
deg mRerodio (igulisxmeba ratilis `samSoblo~, romelic
komunistebis dros akrZaluli iyo).
mama daTaSkas xSirad igonebda da ambobda: qarTuli xalx-
uri simRerebis unikaluri Semsrulebeli, araCveulebrivi
xmis patroni iyo, smenaze xom laparaki zedmetiao. giguSas
xom SesaniSnavi xma hqonda, magram daTaSka gamocdilebiTa da
profesionalizmiT gamoirCeoda. rogori megobroba icoda?!
_ suls amoiRebda da Cagidgamda!
mamaCemi xuTi wlis win gardaicvala. samwuxarod, mas Ca-
nawerebi ar dautovebia, ufro adre ki am ambiT arc aravin
dainteresebula...~
daTaSka kavsaZe 1952 wels gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala Tu
daxvrites, misi saflavi ucnobia.
2007 wels daTaSka kavsaZes dabadebidan 100 weli usrul-
deba. swored mis naTel xsovnas eZRvneba es gamocemac.
longinoz kavsaZis ojaxi
Longinoz Kavsadze’s family
28
mixeil kavsaZe (1880-1951)
longinoz kavsaZis ufrosi
vaJi. Tavis da-ZmebTan (andro,
niko, lado, vera) erTad ojax-
Si bavSvobidanve ismenda sim-
Rera-galobas; aqedan SeiT-
visa, Seiyvara da bolomde mas
emsaxura. longinozi sionis
sakaTedro taZris RvTismsax-
uri iyo. pirvelad swored
sionSi mousmina mixeilma
auSevis rusul mgalobelTa
gunds da Zmebi karbelaS-
vilebis qarTul galobas. qa-
rTulma galobam da ratilis
gundis koncertebma waruSle-
li kvali datova momaval
lotbarze. mas kargad axsovs
ratilis mier papa grigolisa
da mama-biZebis simRerebis
notebze Cawera. `qarTuli
xoros~ xelmZRvanels maTgan
Cauweria: `zamTari~, `SaSvi-
kakabi~, `brZana soloman~,
`berikaci~, `Tamar qalo~, `fa-
rina~, `CauxteT~, `RmerTo,
mec gadmomxedevi~, `vaJkacsa
colis siave~, ̀ SevsvaT wiTel-
wiTeli~, `Wona~, `alilo~,
`yuri migdeT~, `modi, vnaxoT mixeil kavsaZe
Mikheil Kavsadze
29
venaxi~, `netavi, gogo~, `TeTro
bato~...
rva wlis mixeili goris sasu-
liero saswavlebelSi Seiyvanes,
romelic ramdenime wlis win Ta-
visma biZam _ sandro kavsaZem
daamTavra. biZa-Zmiswuls Soris
asakobrivi sxvaoba eqvsi weli
iyo da maT TiTqmis erTdrou-
lad mouxdaT moRvaweoba _
mixeili xandaxan kidevac `eji-
breboda~ Tavis saxelovan biZas.
goris saswavlebelSi simReras,
rogorc sandros, simon gogli-
CiZe aswavlida, qarTul gimn-
aziaSi _ zaqaria CxikvaZe da ia
kargareTeli. dasavleT saqarT-
velos simRerebi mixeils fili-
mon qoriZem Seaswavla.
1897 wels mixeil kavsaZem, ilia WavWavaZis daxmarebiT, qar-
Tul TeatrTan Camoayaliba saamxanago gundi, romelmac ori
weli iarseba. amave dros, vano sarajiSvilTan erTad, sandro
kavsaZis gundSi mReroda, Tan mis moadgiled muSaobda.
1900 wels mixeil kavsaZe TxuTmeti wevrisagan Semdgar sa-
kuTar gunds aarsebs. rogorc maSindeli presa aRniSnavda,
sam weliwadSi gundma didi saxeli da siyvaruli moipova.
gundi `qarTul saxalxo koncertebs~ marTavda da `provin-
ciebsac ar iviwyebda~. 1906-1908 wlebSi mixeil kavsaZis gun-
di mTel saqarTveloSi mogzaurobs, koncertebsa da leqcia-
koncertebs marTavs. `cangala da gogonas~ Sesrulebis dros
`glexur cekvas SesaniSnavad asrulebda mixeilis Zma andro,
romelic SemdegSiac ganagrZobda moRvaweobas saxelmwifo
ansamblebSi, xolo meore Zma niko simRerebis damwyebi iyo;
ukanaskneli didxans xelmZRvanelobda gundebs qarTlsa da
mixeil kavsaZe
Mikheil Kavsadze
30
kaxeTSi. igi didxans muSaobda borjomis
kultsaxlis direqtorad da iq arsebul
momReralTa gundis lotbarad. lado ka-
vsaZe SemdgomSi operis artisti gaxda, re-
spublikis saxalxo artisti, ordenosani~
(lado gegeWkori, `qarTuli xalxuri sim-
Reris ostatebi~, 1954).
1909 wlis zafxulSi, ivane javaxiSvilis
miwveviT, zaqaria faliaSvils xovleSi fo-
nografze Cauweria simRerebi Zmebi kavsa-
Zeebis gundis SesrulebiT. TviT ivane da
misi Zma daTac mixeilis gundSi mRerodnen.
im drosve Cauweria faliaSvils `abesalom da eTeris~ `leku-
ric~ (`qarTuli~).
1910 weli oqros xanaa mixeil kavsaZis SemoqmedebaSi. igi
erTdroulad sam gunds aarsebs: muSaTa (40 wevri), glexTa (36
wevri) da mosamsaxureTa (26 wevri). 1911-1914 wlebSi koncer-
tebiT mouvliaT gori, cxinvali, waRveri, WiaTura, borjomi,
saCxere, samtredia, lanCxuTi, xoni, foTi da saqarTvelos
sxva qalaqebi da dabebi.
rogorc cnobilia, 1911 wels sandro kavsaZe samuSaod Wia-
TuraSi gadadis da TbilisSi Tavis gunds Zmiswuls utovebs.
SemorCenilia 1910 wels daarsebuli `tfilisis qarTuli
saamxanago momReral-mgalobelTa gundis~ (50 wevri, qula-
jebsa da glexur samosSi) programa. gundis repertuarSi
samocamde simReraa, romelTa didi nawili (20-ze meti) andro
da mixeil kavsaZeebs CauweriaT.
mixeil kavsaZis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaSi ar yofila pe-
riodi, rom mas gundi ara hyoloda, pedagogiuri saqmianoba
Seewyvita an qarTuli simRera-galobis raobaze, bunebaze,
xasiaTze da Semsruleblobaze statiebi ar gamoeqveynebina.
simRerebs krebda, notebze gadahqonda, presasTan TanamS-
romlobda, rogorc Tavisi gvariT, aseve `xovlelisa~ da sxva
fsevdonimebiT. mixeil kavsaZis gundebi 1929 wlidan yvela
lado kavsaZe
Lado Kavsadze
31
olimpiada-festivalis monawilea.
folkloris saxelmwifo centris arqivSi daculia mixeil
kavsaZis mier dawerili avtobiografia da lado gegeWkoris
xelnaweri monografia _ `mixeil kavsaZe~. avtobiografiaSi
mixeili wers: `simRerebs vaswavlidi rogorc TbilisSi, aseve
raionebSi, vaarsebdi gundebs da bevri xalxi vaziare qarTul
musikas, nametnavad muSebi, rkinigzelebi, tramvaelebi, xel-
osnebi... soflad kidev glexebi: kaspSi, gurjaanSi, mcxeTaSi.
amgvarad me vmuSaobdi 50 weliwadi. miuxedavad imisa, rom xan-
dazmuli var, sakuTar binaze vmuSaob auarebeli masalebis
dagrovebaSi qarTuli musikis Sesaxeb da swavliTac, vinc moi-
survebs, vaswavli yvelas simRerebs da vacnob masalebs...~
xelovnebis damsaxurebeli moRvawe, personaluri pensio-
neri mixeil kavsaZe gardaicvala TbilisSi, 1951 wlis maisSi.
qarTl-kaxuri simRerebis gundi mixeilis meTaurobiT
Group of Kartl-Kakhetian song performers, directed by Mikheil Kavsadze, 1911
32
anzor kavsaZe (1930)
anzor kavsaZe _ sandro kavsaZis
SviliSvili, giguSa kavsaZis ufro-
si vaJi, lotbari, sagundo saqmis
erT-erTi cnobili specialisti.
daibada 1930 wlis 7 agvistos
WiaTuraSi. sandro kavsaZe or
aTeul welze meti WiaTuraSi moR-
vaweobda, amitomac misi vaJebi _
giguSa da daTaSka _ iq daibadnen
da gaizardnen. momRerali ojax-
is Svils dedac kargi momRerali
hyav da _ aleqsandra leJava (Wu-
lias eZaxdnen) mReroda saojaxo
ansamblSi, giguSasTan erTad _
WiaTuris gundSi. simReras dedam
aziara, magram dResac axsovs, babua rogor amRerebda Ta-
vis simRerebs _ `me pawia mercxali var~ da `cis kiduri~.
mogvianebiT anzorma erT-erT am simReraze cekvac dadga
(`cis kidurze~). Svidi wlisas notebi da musikis anbani re-
vaz goginaSvilma Seaswavla, magram male musikas fexburTi
amjobina. Tanac, mSoblebis daSorebis gamo, eqvsi wlisa
kavsaZeebis musikalur ojaxur garemos moswyda da Wia-
TuraSi meore babuasTan izrdeboda. kargi smenis patroni
kargadac mReroda da cotas fortepianozec ukravda. sko-
laSi swavlisas gundic hyavda da, romeli simRerac icoda,
imasac aswavlida. skola 1947 wels daamTavra, niWierTa
aTwledSi notebis ucodinrobis gamo ar miiRes da imave
wels politeqnikur institutSi Caabara. marTalia, es sas-
wavlebeli ar daumTavrebia, magram bevrs umadlis _ wign-
anzor kavsaZe
Anzor Kavsadze
33
Tan damaaxlova da muSaoba maswavlao. geni, jiSi, saojaxo
tradicia mainc musikisken eweoda. musikosi deidas rCeviT,
meore samusiko saswavlebelTan arsebul eqvsTvian kurse-
bze Sevida da... didi Semobruneba mis cxovrebaSi: brwyinva-
led Cabarebuli gamocdebi niWierTa aTwledSi, 1951 wli-
dan konservatoriis sagundo-sadiriJoro fakultetis
warCinebuli studenti, Caikovskisa da stalinis saxelobis
stipendianti, meore kursidan saqarTvelos radios kape-
lis xelmZRvaneli.
1956 wels konservatoria daamTavra da aspiranturaSi odi-
sei dimitriadis klasSi Cairicxa. imxanad kapelis xelmZRva-
nelad ruseTidan ian dumini Camoiyvanes. erTxans kapelaSi
erTad muSaobdnen. erT-erT koncerts mixeil Wiaureli
daswrebia. anzoris namuSevari imdenad moswonebia, uTqvams:
kavsaZe dumins arafriT Camouvardeba, saxelmwifo ansamblSi
kaci ar gvyavs da iq gadaviyvanoTo. didi reJisoris winada-
debiT, 1959 wels ocdaeqvsi wlis axalgazrda saqarTvelos
simRerisa da cekvis saxelmwifo ansamblis mTavari diriJori
xdeba. ansambls xelmZRvanelobda valerian cagareiSvili,
qoreografi jano bagrationi Semdeg rezo xoneliZem Secva-
la. anzor kavsaZis pirovnuli Tvisebebi _ Sromismoyvareo-
ba, disciplina, drois SegrZneba da maRali profesionalizmi
_ male daetyo ansambls da 1957 wels qarTuli kulturis
dekadaze damsaxurebuli warmateba moipova.
anzor kavsaZe qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis an-
sambls ori aTeuli weli xelmZRvanelobda da es Tanamdebo-
ba 1975 wels sakuTari surviliT datova (Tavisi biZaSvilis,
kaxi kavsaZis TqmiT, ukompromiso kacia). misi xelmZRvanelo-
bis dros saxelmwifo ansamblSi mRerodnen xalxuri simReris
didostatebi: vano mWedliSvili, Salva kovziriZe, hamlet
gonaSvili, ilia zaqaiZe, rostom saginaSvili, jemal cxve-
diani... SesaniSnavi mokrimanWuleebi _ zinaida bersenaZe da
miSa SaviSvili.
saxelmwifo ansamblTan erTad 24 qveyanaSi yofila, sab-
34
sa
qa
rT
ve
lo
s s
im
Re
ri
sa
da
ce
kv
is
sa
xe
lm
wi
fo
an
sa
mb
li
, 1
95
9
Sta
te E
nsem
ble
of
Fo
lk S
on
g a
nd
Dan
ce o
f G
eo
rgia
, 1959
35
WoTa kavSiris qalaqebSi weliwadSi 100-mde koncerts ata-
rebda.
raoden dasanania, rom rogorc TavisTavze, aseve sxvebze
arafers ambobs. amdenis mnaxvelma, amdenis mcodnem ori cno-
bili momRerali Zunwad daaxasiaTa. moswonda ilia zaqaiZis
farTo diapazonisa da hamlet gonaSvilis Taviseburi la-
mazi tembris xmebi. swored anzoris xelmZRvanelobis dros
ilia zaqaiZisa da rostom saginaSvilis namReri `Cakrulo~
gauSves galaqtikaSi.
anzor kavsaZe TxuTmeti weli xelmZRvanelobda gurjaa-
nis saraiono kulturis saxlTan arsebul ansambls, Tvrame-
ti weli _ zugdidis simRerisa da cekvis ansambls, romel-
sac garkveuli wlebi saxelmwifo ansamblis statusi hqonda.
zugdidSi muSaoba 90-ian wlebamde gaagrZela. anzor kavsaZem
sakmaod adre daaneba salotbaro moRvaweobas Tavi da zug-
didis Semdeg ansambli ara hyolia. Tavad sajarod iSviaTad
mReris. aqvs damuSavebuli da sakuTari simRerebi. roca qa-
liSvili SeeZina, `iama gSoba SobiTa~ miuZRvna. filmi `uka-
naskneli jvarosnebi~ musikalurad misi gaformebulia da
duetebSic Tavad mReris.
kavsaZeebis gvaris Rirseuli STamomavali, saqarTvelos
xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, saqarTvelos saxalxo
artisti, profesori anzor kavsaZe umetes dros mSobliur
kacxSi atarebs. usmens xalxur musikas da uxaria, rom qarT-
veli axalgazrdoba dainteresebulia xalxuri simReriT, be-
vri Cinebuli profesionali gvyavs da xalxuri xelovnebis
momavali saimedo xelSia.
da bolos: yvela kuTxis simRera uyvars, magram gansakuT-
rebiT pativs scems qarTl-kaxursa da svanurs.
36
Georgian folk polyphonic song has passed a long way of development and perfection. During centuries a great treasure has been accumulated. The ep-och of detection and popularization of great singers, song conductors, chant-ers, and singing families, has arrived at the verge of the XIX-XX centuries, when there started the process of their recording and fixing as well as of their performing on the stage. Unfortunately, there have not been preserved any materials of the activities and repertoire of the first groups of singers. Since Lado Agniashvili and Ioseb Ratil’s ”Georgian Choir” (their first concert was held in 1886) this mission was carried on by Sandro Kavsadze’s ”Georgian group” and their popularity was none the less then that of the former group.
The early representatives of the family of Kavsadzes, their previous genera-tions, can be observed only since Grogol Kavsadze. He appeared to live in the village of Khovle, and was a priest as well as a good singer and chanter. He had a numerous family. From Grigol’s children, brothers Sandro and Longinoz and their progeny continued the singing and chanting tradition.
Representatives of the singing family of Kavsadzes: Sandro, Gigusha, Datashka, Mikheil, Niko and Anzor Kavsadzes, have left their own handwriting in the history of performance of the Georgian folk songs.
SANDRO KAVSADZE (1874-1939)
At the beginnings of the scenic performance of folk songs in Georgia there stands the figure of Sandro Kavsadze. He has played a greatest role in the af-fair of popularization of Kartl-Kakhetian songs.
“The flawless mastership of Sandro Kavsadze as that of a performer-solo-ist, his colourful voice of rare beauty and wide diapason (tenor) and unusual, original interpretation of the Kartlian way of singing all ravish the listeners, and “Urmuli” and “Mtao, gadmishvi”, sung by him, remain as model examples till the very present date“ /Anzor Erkomaishvili/.
Sandro Kavsadze was born in 1874. His father taught him to sing, and in singing and chanting he acquired mastership under the guidance of Simon Go-glichidze in Gori Seminary. He appointed Sandro to be his deputy in the group. In the same group Soso Jugashvili (Ioseb Stalin) used to master singing and chanting. Sandro Kavsadze in the ages of 15 and 17 served already as song conductor and attracted the attention of listeners with his excellent voice. In the same period he was invited to be a soloist of Lado Agniashvili’s group.
In 1893 Sandro Kavsadze formed “Georgian group” in Gori, and in 1896, the
37
same in Tbilisi, in 1897, in Poti and started giving concerts all over Georgia. In 1911 Sandro Kavsadze yielded his group to his nephew, Mikheil Ka-
vsadze, who had just returned from Moscow, and he went himself to work and to create groups in the West of Georgia. He formed groups of Georgian folk singing in Chiatura, Tkibuli, Zestaponi, Sachkhere and Kutaisi, lead pedagogi-cal activities.
In 1930 the 30th jubilee Sando Kavsadze’s of work was celebrated and he was awarded the honour of the Merited Art Figure.
In 1935 Sandro Kavsadze was transferred to Tbilisi and was commissioned to create and prepare the ethnographic group of the East of Georgia for the first decade of the Georgian art in Moscow. Sandro Kavsadze coped well with this task.
In 1937, after the decade celebration, in Kremlin, in the Giorgievski Hall, there was held the meeting between the members of Political Bureau and the participants of the decade. According to the scenario, Stalin was the last to enter. As soon as he entered, ‘hurrah’ was sounded. Stalin lifted up his hand, made them all silent and looked around - he search for someone with his eyes. The people became anxious, they didn’t know what to do... At last, Stalin asked in a low voice: ‘Is Sandro here?’ Everyone breathed out with a relief. There has formed a live corridor: in one end Stalin was standing and in the other end, Sandro, and they were staring at each other. The first step was made by Stalin, Sandro stepped forward as well, they met in the middle and embraced each other. “You have not been changed”, told him Stalin and gave him a pat on his shoulder. Sandro repeated the same gesture. The Leader repeated once again: “Indeed you are not changed”... Then they talked over something quietly; Stalin presumably told his friend: “You know, I am a great person and I can do a lot. Ask me if you need something.”
“Present to me the pipe that you smoke with,” asked Sandro without think-ing too long. To tell it in short, the pipe presented by Stalin is still kept in the family of Kakhi Kavsadze, the famous actor, a grandson to Sandro.
After the decade celebration Sandro Kavsadze got ill and was hospitalized in the Kremlin Hospital, his throat was aching. He has received a letter from Stalin. On the envelope there was written in Russian: “To comrade Alexandre Kavsadze, from Stalin.” And inside the letter was written in Georgian: “Cheers to Sandro! I happened to learn from Egnatashvili that you are in the Kremlin Hospital. This is bad, but doctors say about you that you will get better soon. If you need anything, please, tell me, I am ready for all kinds of help, do live for a thousand years. Your Soso. 1937.”
After the decade Sandro Kavsadze’s group was invited for a tour in Lenin-grad (now St. Petersburg in RF). Because of the grave illness of the father, the group was already lead by his son, Davit Kavsadze.
Sandro Kavsadze died in Tbilisi, on 12th June 1939. He was buried on the Vake Cemetery, in the Pantheon of Georgian Outstanding Figures.
38
DAVIT (DATASHKA) KAVSADZE (1907 - 1952)
Datashka Kavsadze’s concise biography was first published in 1966, and that even without the dates of his birth and demise. In this article the walk of his life was ended with his mobilization to the Second World War and his death in 1941 in Kerch. The truth is that Datashka Kavsadze lived until the age of 45 and died in 1952 in exile. His real biography is for the first time being written now, in 2007.
Davit Kavsadze was born in 1907 in Chiatura. Since 14 years of age he used to serve as song conductor for various groups of the West of Georgia. In 1929 he entered the second musical school of Tbilisi. In three years time he assimilated the whole course and became a student of the Faculty of Composi-tion at the Conservatoire. Since his third year at the Conservatoire he changed his faculty for Conducting.
Since 1929 the brothers: Gigusha and Datashka Kavsadzes were the lead-ing voices of Sandro Kavsadze’s group. In song conducting, too, especially Datashka achieved mastership since his student years: he was always assist-ing his father and was his deputy in the ethnographic group.
In 1937-1939 the State Ethnographic Group of the East of Georgia has toured the cities of the Soviet Union with triumph under Davit Kavsadze’s lead-ership. In Moscow and Leningrad more than 22 songs were recorded on the film. In 1939 ethnographic groups of the East and West of Georgia got united and Datashka Kavsadze was appointed as the artistic director, together with Kirile Pachkoria.
In 1941 Datashka, who was 34, was called up to the Second World War and “he has not returned alive from there...” So ends Datashka Kavsadze’s official biography of the Soviet times. But so begins also the story which was concealed and tabooed for a long time.
From the story recited by his son, Kakhi Kavsadze: “Captive officers were executed by shooting immediately on the spot by the Germans. Datashka was searched and a photograph was found: his wife and two small boys: me and my brother. A German officer stared at the photo and then at Datashka and said: ‘With such looks and such a wife and children, you cannot be a communist.’ Thus Datashka was saved then from the evident peril. We didn’t know of his captivity for a long time: we thought he was dead. Only a long afterwards we learned that he was in France, he had created a group from the Georgian captives and used to teach Georgian folk songs. Some-how the photo of the group has reached Georgia and now this photo is kept in our family. I have met a lot of people saved by my father. One Georgian man told me in Australia: ‘I told your father I had never sung in my life. Go then, go, save yourself, came the answer.’ So he has saved a lot of people from death. Whoever returned to the homeland, everyone was arrested and exiled...”
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Is the repertoire of the group of the captives recorded, is it preserved or it has vanished? It is difficult to answer. May be it is kept in any of the archives in France. This is the subject of future investigations...
In December 1945 the group of captives should go to America for touring. Instead of this Datashka went back to Moscow. He was told he would be ar-rested. He wondered what his crime was, why he should be arrested. He had not seen his wife and children for four years so he went to Tbilisi, but was ar-rested in Sochi...
His wife and children saw Datashka twice in the prison, and at their third visit they were told that he was brought to exile. Tamar Tsagareishvili, his wife, said at once that it was all ended and he would never come back...
Datashka Kavsadze died in 1952 in exile, or may be he was executed?! His grave is unknown.
In 2007 it is the 100th anniversary since Datashka’s birth. It is exactly to his warm memory, that this edition is devoted.
MIKHEIL KAVSADZE (1880 - 1951)
Longinoz Kavsadze’s eldest son, together with his sisters and brothers (An-dro, Niko, Lado, Vera) used to listen to the songs and chants in the family ever since his childhood. It was from here that he assimilated them and grew fond of them and served them until the end. The Georgian chants and concerts of Ratil’s group, which he heard in his childhood, have left an inerasable trace on the future song conductor. He remembers well how Ratil used to write in music scores the songs of Grandpa Grigol and Mikheil’s father and uncles.
There has not been such a period in Mikheil Kavsadze’s life and deeds that he wouldn’t have a group of singers or that he would have ceased his peda-gogical activities. Also permanently he used to publish articles on the essence of the Georgian songs and chants, their nature, character and performability. He used to collect songs, transform them in music scores, used to collaborate with press as well. Mikheil Kavsadze’s groups are all participants of all festivals since 1929.
This merited art figure, Mikheil Kavsadze died in Tbilisi in May 1951.
ANZOR KAVSADZE (1930)
Anzor Kavsadze, a grandchild to Sando Kavsadze, the eldest son of Giorgi (Gigusha) Kavsadze, song conductor, one of the famous specialists of the cho-ro song, was born on 7th August, 1930 in Chiatura. To this descendent of the singing family, the mother was also a good singer: Alexandra Lezhava; it was her who first gave him communion to the song, but he still remembers how his
40
grandpa Sandro made him sing his songs. Anzor had good ears for music, he used to sing well and played a little the piano, too.
During his school years he had a group and used to teach them the songs which he knew. He graduated from the school in 1947 and in the same year continued his studies in the Technical University. Genes and family tradition used to draw him back to music still: in 1951 he was admitted to the group singing and conducting faculty at the Tbilisi State Conservatoire, from which he has graduated with honours. In 1951 he used to be a postgraduate student in Odyssey Dimitriadi’s class. In 1959 the twenty-six year old young man became the chief conductor of the State Ensemble of Song and Dance of Georgia and he lead it during two decades. Anzor Kavsadze’s personal features: industri-ousness, discipline, sense of time and high professionalism soon made their impact on the Ensemble and they have won much success together. Together with the State Ensemble he toured in 24 countries of the world. In the cities of the Soviet Union he used to hold up to 100 concerts per year. It was under Anzor’s leadership that the song performed by the soloists: Ilia Zakaidze and Rostom Saginashvili, “Chakrulo”, was released into the galaxy (on board of “Pioneer”) together with other outstanding achievements of the global civiliza-tion.
This worthy heir of the singing family of Kavsadzes, the merited figure of the Georgian art, Public Artist of Georgia, Professor Anzor Kavsadze spends most of his time in his home place in Katskhi. He listens to the folk music and is very happy that the Georgian youth is interested in the folk songs and that we have a lot of brilliant professionals and thus the future of the folk art is in faithful hands.
saqarTvelos simRerisa da cekvis saxelmwifo ansambli, 1939
State Ensemble of Folk Song and Dance of Georgia, 1939
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