definition of green hydrogen - european commission definition of green... · at the batch level,...
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Project supported by the FCH JU The research leading to these results has received
funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant agreement n°633107 - Duration: 24 months (Nov 1st 2014 to October 30th 2016)
CertifHy– Developing a European Framework for the generation of guarantees of origin for green hydrogen Definition of Green Hydrogen
• Introduction
• Definition of green hydrogen – Criteria for a green H2 produced by GHG “virtuous”
plants – Renewable share: definition and illustrations – Application of the two GHG thresholds – Examples
• Q&A
Agenda
2
CertifHy will boost demand and supply of green hydrogen throughout Europe: by the creation of a market for green H2
3
• Objective: Define a widely acceptable definition of green hydrogen; and Determine how an EU wide robust GO scheme should be designed and implemented.
• Consortium
• Affiliated Partners
• Other Partners: Associations, NGO’s, Policy Makers,..
Step by step consultation process
“Supply green H2 where is not produced, improving the business case for green H2”
WP7: Project Management and Administration Project leader: Hinicio
WP1: Generic market
outlook for green hydrogen
Project leader: Hinicio
WP6: Stakeholder Engagement & Communication Project leader: Hinicio
WP2: Definition of “Green Hydrogen” Project leader: TÜV SÜD
WP3: Review of existing platforms for GO Project leader: ECN
WP4: Definition of a new framework of
guarantees of origin for "green" hydrogen
Project leader: TÜV SÜD
WP5: Roadmap for the implementation of an EU-
wide GO scheme for green hydrogen
Project leader: ECN
This presentation focusses on the achieved consensus of „definition of green hydrogen“.
Rationale of green H2
Lessons learnt from other initiatives
Common definition with all stakeholders
Robust + Transparent system
Buy – in Enabling implementation
4
• Introduction
• Definition of green hydrogen – Criteria for a green H2 produced by GHG “virtuous”
plants – Renewable share: definition and illustrations – Application of the two GHG thresholds – Examples
• Q&A
Agenda
5
High Carbon H2
“Low carbon" defined as a 60% reduction compared to a BAT emission benchmark
6 * Best Available Technology = Natural gas steam methane reforming, = >95% of the provided merchant hydrogen market ** cfr RED reduction requirement for biofuels in 2018
Renewable energy Non renewable energy
Low
-ca
rbon
Not
Low
-car
bon
Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2
Renewable & Low-Carbon H2
Non- Renewable & Low-Carbon H2
Non-Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2 - 60%
Low-carbon threshold **
Benchmark: BAT*
High Carbon H2
As outcome of the consultation process, CertifHy addresses both Renewables and GHG emission targets of hydrogen users
7
Low-carbon threshold ** (= 36.4 g CO2 eq/MJH2 )
Benchmark: BAT* (= 91 g CO2 eq/MJH2)
Renewable energy Non renewable energy
Low
-ca
rbon
Not
Low
-car
bon
Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2
CertifHy Green H2
CertifHy Low Carbon H2
Non-Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2
Non-CertifHy H2
- 60%
* Best Available Technology = Natural gas steam methane reforming, = >95% of the provided merchant hydrogen market ** cfr RED reduction requirement for biofuels in 2018
High Carbon H2
Excessively high GHG emissions may exclude a plant from participating to the CertifHy GO scheme
8
Renewable energy Non renewable energy
Low
-ca
rbon
Not
Low
-car
bon
Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2
Non-Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2
Non-CertifHy H2
- 60%
Producer potentially NOT eligible for GoO scheme ***
Producer eligible for GoO scheme
Low-carbon threshold ** (= 36.4 g CO2 eq/MJH2 )
Benchmark: BAT* (= 91 g CO2 eq/MJH2)
CertifHy Green H2
CertifHy Low Carbon H2
* Best Available Technology = Natural gas steam methane reforming, >95% of the provided merchant H2 market ** cfr RED reduction requirement for biofuels in 2018 *** if GHG content of Non-CertifHy H2 production over the last 12 months is >91gCO2eq/MJ
• Introduction
• Definition of green hydrogen – Criteria for a green H2 produced by GHG “virtuous”
plants – Renewable share: definition and illustrations – Application of the two GHG thresholds – Examples
• Q&A
Agenda
11
Production may disqualify plant from producing CertifHy GO’s
High Carbon H2
Need to define the amount of Renewable Hydrogen produced by a process using multiple energy inputs
12
Renewable energy Non renewable energy
Low
-ca
rbon
Not
Low
-car
bon
Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2
Renewable & Low-Carbon H2 = CertifHy Green H2
Non- Renewable & Low-Carbon H2
= CertifHy LC H2
Non-Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2
Non-CertifHy H2
- 60%
Producer potentially NOT eligible for GoO scheme
Producer eligible for GoO scheme
Low-carbon threshold ** (= 36.4 g CO2 eq/MJH2 )
Benchmark: BAT* (= 91 g CO2 eq/MJH2)
* Best Available Technology = Natural gas steam methane reforming, = >95% of the provided merchant hydrogen market ** cfr RED reduction requirement for biofuels in 2018
Renewable hydrogen will be as green as the energy used for its production
Hydrogen production
Electricity input 10 GJ
Biomass input 20 GJ
13
Total energy input : 30 GJ
Renewable *: 20 GJ Non-renewable: 7 GJ
Renewable *: 3 GJ
Renewable: 23 GJ
Non-renewable: 7 GJ 23%
77%
Renewable H2
77%
Non-renewable H2
23%
* Via GO or direct feedstaock
Electrolysis – Direct Connection with Renewable Energy
Electrolysis – Grid Connected: EU mix + RE
Input Output
100% Renewable Wind, PV, .. 100% Renewable H2
Input Output
60% Renewable (Wind, PV, Green elec GoO…)
60% Renewable H2
40% EU Mix
Renewable hydrogen will be as green as the energy used for its production – example Electrolysis
14
Bio-methane from biowaste and Natural Gas
Input Output
81% biowaste 81% renewable H2
19% non renewable heat
Input Output
60% bio-methane from bio-waste
60% renewable H2
40% natural gas
On-Site SMR
Renewable hydrogen will be as green as the energy used for its production – example Steam Methane Reforming
Central SMR
Biogas from bio-waste with non-renewable heat
Bio-waste to biogas Bio-methane from bio waste Natural gas
15
• Introduction
• Definition of green hydrogen – Criteria for a green H2 produced by GHG “virtuous”
plants – Renewable share: definition and illustrations – Application of the two GHG thresholds – Examples
• Annexes
Agenda
16
Application of Benchmark threshold on Past Production of the Hydrogen Plant
Time t2 t2 – 12 months
H2 Production
12 months
t1
Average GHG intensity since t2-12 months of Non-CertifHy H2
must not exceed 91 gCO2/MJH2
Past Production
H2 with Green GO
H2 with LC GO
Non CertifHy H2
< 91 gCO2/MJH2 ?
17
At the batch level, hydrogen needs to be Low Carbon for producing CertifHy Green or Low-Carbon GOs
Time t2 t2 – 12 mths
H2 Production
12 months
t1
Production Batch
Non-renewable share
Renewable share
CertifHy Low Carbon H2 GOs
CertifHy Green H2 GOs
Average GHG intensity since t2-12 months of Non-CertifHy H2
must not exceed 91 gCO2/MJH2
Past Production
H2 with Green GO
H2 with LC GO
Non CertifHy H2
< 91 gCO2/MJH2 ?
Average GHG intensity of H2 covered by a CertifHy GO must not exceed 36.4 gCO2/MJH2
< 36.5 gCO2/MJH2 ?
< 36.5 gCO2/MJH2 ?
19
Decision tree presenting the criteria for producing Low-Carbon and CertifHy Green H2
Average emissions of Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ (benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
X% renew. and (1-X%) non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy H2
Yes No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
Yes No
X% Non-CertifHy H2
X% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
1-X% Non-CertifHy H2
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
19
• Introduction
• Definition of green hydrogen – Criteria for a green H2 produced by GHG “virtuous”
plants – Renewable share: definition and illustrations – Application of the two GHG thresholds – Examples
• Benefits expected of green H2 GoO
• Q&A
Agenda
20
Electrolysis with different energy mixes as energy input (1/5)
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
60% renewable and 40% non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
No
60% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
Yes
Yes
21
Electrolyser
60%
40% EU electricity mix *
100% Non-CertifHy H2
60% Non-CertifHy H2
40% Non-CertifHy H2
* GHG content as disclosed by electricity supplier’s mix
Electrolysis with different energy mixes as energy input (2/5)
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
60% renewable and 40% non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy H2
No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
No
60% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
Yes
Yes
22
Electrolyser
50%
50% EU electricity mix *
40% Non-CertifHy H2
60% Non-CertifHy H2
* GHG content as disclosed by electricity supplier’s mix
Depending on the non-renewable energy source used, a minimum amount of Renewable Energy may be needed to keep GHG intensity of non-CertifHy H2 of the plant below benchmark
Note: PV and Wind are assumed to have zero GHG intensity 23
0% 10% ... 50% 60% 70% 80%EU Mix 217,1 217,1 195,4 ... 108,6 86,8 65,1 43,4Coal 423,7 423,7 381,3 ... 211,9 169,5 127,1 84,7Natural gas 191,5 191,5 172,4 ... 95,8 76,6 57,5 38,3Nuclear 7,5 7,5 6,8 ... 3,8 3,0 2,3 1,5Specific mix 50,0 50,0 45,0 ... 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0Red : facility is NOT allowed to produce H2 with a CertifHy GoO
Carbon intensity (gCO2/MJH2) of "Non-CertifHy H2" in function of the electricity mix used With inclusion of a renewable shareWithout inclusion of a
renewable share
Not Elegible to produce Low Carbon or CertifHy Green H2
Minimum renewable share required in Non-CertifHy H2 for maintaining eligibility to produce CertifHy H2
EU Mix 217,1 58,1%Coal 423,7 78,5%Natural gas 191,5 52,5%Nuclear 7,5 0,0%Specific mix 50,0 0,0%
Min. renewable share required
emissions (gCO2/MJH2)
Non-renew.origin
CertifHy Green hydrogen process example - electrolysis (3/5)
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
30% renewable and 70% non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy
H2
No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
No X%
Non-CertifHy H2
30% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
50% Non-CertifHy
H2
70% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
Yes
Yes
24
Electrolyser
No Yes
30%
11%
76%
6%7%
hydraulic
nuclear
fossil fuels
other renewables
70% French electricity mix *
* GHG content as disclosed by electricity supplier’s mix
Electrolysis with different energy mixes as energy input (4/5)
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
X% renew. and (1-X%) non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy
H2
Yes No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
Yes No X%
Non-CertifHy H2
X% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
1-X% Non-CertifHy
H2
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
25
Electrolyser
11%
76%
6%7%
hydraulic
nuclear
fossil fuels
other renewables
100% French electricity mix *
* GHG content as disclosed by electricity supplier’s mix
Electrolysis with different energy mixes as energy input (5/5)
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
70% Non- renew. batch
30% renew. and 70% non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy
H2
Yes No
70% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
Yes No 30%
Non-CertifHy H2
X% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
1-X% Non-CertifHy
H2
Yes No
26
Electrolyser
No Yes
Yes No
70% Low-carbon H2
30% Renewable Electricity from waste wood
11%
76%
6%7%
hydraulic
nuclear
fossil fuels
other renewables
70% French electricity mix *
* GHG content as disclosed by electricity supplier’s mix
Central Steam Methane Reforming (1/3)
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
25% renewable and 75% non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy
H2
No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
No X%
Non-CertifHy H2
25% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
75% Non-CertifHy
H2
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
Yes
Yes
27
Central SMR
25% bio-methane from bio-waste
75% natural gas
Central Steam Methane Reforming (2/3)
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
25% renewable and 75% non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy
H2
No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
No 25%
Non-CertifHy H2
25% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
75% Non-CertifHy
H2
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
Yes
Yes
28
No
Central SMR
25% bio-methane from corn
75% natural gas
Central Steam Methane Reforming (3/3) – with CCS
Central SMR Average emissions of past
Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ (benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
X% renew. and (1-X%) non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy
H2
Yes No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
Yes No X%
Non-CertifHy H2
X% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
1-X% Non-CertifHy
H2
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
29
CCS
100% natural gas
On-site SMR (1/2) with bio-gas from bio-waste and non-renewable heat
81%
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
81% renewable and 19% non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy
H2
No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
No X%
Non-CertifHy H2
81% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
19% Non-CertifHy
H2
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
Yes
Yes
30
On-site SMR 19%
Non-renewable heat
On-site SMR (2/2) with bio-gas from corn and non-renewable heat
Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ
(benchmark)?
Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ
(40% of benchm.)?
100% Non- renew. batch
80% renewable and20 non-renew. shares
No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO
Yes No
Yes No
Renewable energy input into batch?
100% Non-CertifHy
H2
No
100% Low-carbon H2
Renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
No 80%
Non-CertifHy H2
25% Green H2
Non-renewable share emissions
< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?
20% Non-CertifHy
H2
1-X% Low-carbon H2
Yes No
Yes
Yes
31
No
On-site SMR
80%
20%
Non-renewable heat
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