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Demystifying Green Residential Certification Options & Codes
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Founded 2000501(c)3 non‐profit; mission:
To be a catalyst for market transformation of the built environment through education, third‐party verification, and partnership.
www.AllianceES.org
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www.AllianceES.org
Who Am I?
• Brett Little, Living Future Accredited, LEED APH & GreenStarProfessional
• Bachelors in sustainable business
• USGBCWM Board Member
• Brand new father!
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• This courses serves as part 1 of
• GreenStar Remodeling Qualification Course.
• Understanding / Implementing LEED for Homes Course
• High Performance HVAC Contractor
Foundation of AES Education 2014
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Who are you?
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Recall key provisions of the International Energy Codes (IECC) 2009, 2012 & 2015.
Compare code requirements to above-code green building programs
Utilize the appropriate tools and resources to add third-party certification on your next project
Identify economic value proposition for green building & remodeling
Program Objectives
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Recall key provisions of the Michigan energy code MUEC 2009 and discuss where future code changes may take us
Compare code requirements to above-code green building programs
Utilize the appropriate tools and resources to add third-party certification on your next project
Identify economic value proposition for green building & remodeling
Program Objectives (Michigan)
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Until the 2006 IECC, energy code performance increases only amounted to 1 to 2 % increases per year
The 2009 IECC is roughly 15% increase over 2006 IECC
The 2012 IECC is about a 30% increase over 2006 IECC
Overview of Energy Code
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• Modeled after the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)
• Projects MUST comply with Mandatory Provisions, and either one of the following two:
1. Prescriptive Provisions
2. Performance Provisions
Michigan Uniform Energy Code2009 EDITION
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• Building Thermal Envelope– Air leakage can be verified by:
• Actual testing (7 ACH50 or less)• Visual inspection of items listed in table 402.4.2
– An example would be sealing between window/door jambs and framing
– Programmable thermostats– Duct sealing– Minimum of R-3 on mechanical system piping– R-2 on circulating service hot water piping– Outdoor air intakes/exhausts shall be dampered
Michigan Uniform Energy Code2009 MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS (Key Ones)
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Prescriptive Method (section R402) Table R402.1.1(2009)
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Proposed residence is to have an Annual Energy Cost that is less than or equal to the Annual Energy Cost of the Standard Reference Design
The Performance Method can be evaluated with appropriate software that the Building Code Official is permitted to approve
Performance Method (section 405)(2009 )
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• The 2012 code requires: – More insulation– A tighter Thermal Envelope/Air Sealing– Tighter Ducts– Better Performing Windows– More efficient Lighting– Mechanical Ventilation
What’s Changed Since IECC 2009?
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• All Joints, Seams and Penetrations• All Utility penetrations are sealed• Knee Walls are sealed• Attic access openings are sealed• Rim Joists Junctions are sealed• All openings between window and door assemblies
and their respective jambs and framing are sealed• Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls are
sealed• In Other Words – ALL Sources of Air Infiltration
Air Sealing!
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Air Infiltration
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Blower Door
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Prescriptive VS Performance
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“15/19” means R-15 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-19 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall.
Prescriptive
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Climate Zone 5 – R-49 (up from R-38)
Ceiling R-Value
Fiberglass = 15” (R 3.2 per inch)
Cellulose = 14” (R 3.5 per inch)
Open cell spray foam = 13.5”(R 3.6 per inch)
Closed cell spray foam = 7.5”(R 6.5 per inch)
Prescriptive
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• Must meet all Mandatory requirements • Requires that a proposed residence design be
shown to have an annual energy cost that is less or equal to the standard reference design
• The code official shall be permitted to approve tools for a specific application or limited scope
Performance Method - Section R405
Performance
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• Duct tightness is more stringent in 2012• (Testing is required only if ducts are
NOT entirely inside conditioned space)• Test in one of 3 ways:
– Rough in without air handler - 3cfm per 100 sq ft (old 4 cfm)– Rough in with air handler – 4 cfm (old 6 cfm)– “Post Construction” 4cfm (old 12 cfm)
HVAC Duct Leakage Testing
Performance
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Properly sized HVAC
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• Is bigger better???• The most common mistake in sizing a
Heating/Cooling system is “oversizing”• This not only makes the system:
– More expensive to install– But forces it to operate inefficiently– Breakdown more often– & Cost more to operate
• The days of holding the thumb up and WAG-ing are gone.
How to use Manual J
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• Ventilation rate based on SFand number of bedrooms
• Exhaust-only system
• Balanced system– Continuous or– Intermittent
Mechanical Ventilation aka“Build Tight, Ventilate Right”
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Ceiling insulation changed R-49 from R-38Better performing, more efficient windowsIncreased strictness on HVAC duct leakage75% of fixtures must be high-efficacy lampsHot water pipe insulation (R-3)Every new home will need to pass a blower
door test to 5.0 ACH@50 or lessMechanical ventilation required for tight homesManual J, D, S sizing for HVAC
IECC 2012 vs IECC 2009 Summary
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Cost Impact: 2012 IECC Prescriptive path Upgrade cost from 2009 IECC
.32 U-Factor Windows $268.00 (1.00sq ft glass)R-49 Ceilings $355.00 (.0032per R/Sq ft)R-20 or R13 cavity + R-5 Insulated Sheathing $0.00 (Same as 2009 IECC)
R-15 Continuous or R-19 Cavity Basement wall $227.00 (.10 sq ft )
R-15 Continuous or R-19 Cavity Crawl space wall $139.00 (.10 sq ft)
Checklist 402.4.1.1 Compliance (Air Barriers ect.) $380.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Infiltration and Air sealing Upgrades $350.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Infiltration Testing (Blower door test) $300.00 (General testing)
Duct Sealing (all ducts, penetrations, seams) $225.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Duct Testing (if any portion breaches the envelope) $150.00 (General Testing)
Mechanical Ventilation to Meet ASHRAE 62.2 $225.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
75% CFL or High efficacy bulbs in Permanent fixtures $25.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
All return cavities fully ducted $275.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Insulated Hot Water Lines (min R-2) $350.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Total Upgrade Cost: $3,269.00
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Cost Impact: 2012 IECC Performance path Upgrade cost from 2009 IECC
.35 U-Factor Windows $0.00 (Same as 2009 IECC)R-40 Ceilings $80.00 (.0032per R/Sq ft)R-15 Cavity with OSB Sheathing $175.00 ( .08 per sq ft)
R-13 Continuous or R-19 Cavity Basement wall $215.00 (.08 sq ft )
R-13 Continuous or R-19 Cavity Crawl space wall $75.00 (.08 sq ft)
Checklist 402.4.1.1 Compliance (Air Barriers ect.) $380.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Infiltration and Air sealing Upgrades $350.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Infiltration Testing (Blower door test) $300.00 (General testing)
Duct Sealing (all ducts, penetrations, seams) $225.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Keep ducts inside the envelope: No testing $0.00
Mechanical Ventilation to Meet ASHRAE 62.2 $225.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
75% CFL or High efficacy bulbs in Permanent fixtures $25.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
All return cavities fully ducted $275.00 (est. Matl & Labor)
Performance Based Code Package (Doc. and testing) $450.00 (est. Labor)
Total Upgrade Cost: $2,395.00
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Third Party Certification and Verification Programs
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www.AllianceES.orgTest
PERCEPTION
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PERCEPTION
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www.AllianceES.orgWaukegan, IL
Minneapolis, MN
R E A L I T Y
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Residential Market – May 2013
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Green Begins with “Blue”
Energy Efficiency
•Envelope•Distribution•Equipment•Lighting•Appliances
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Green Begins with “Blue”
IndoorEnvironment•Bulk Moisture•Radon•Pest Control•HVAC•Combust. Safety•Materials•Commissioning
Energy Efficiency
•Envelope•Distribution•Equipment•Lighting•Appliances
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Green Begins with “Blue”
ResourceEfficiency
•Site Planning•Location•Water•Materials•Waste Mgt.•Renewables
IndoorEnvironment•Bulk Moisture•Radon•Pest Control•HVAC•Combust. Safety•Materials•Commissioning
Energy Efficiency
•Envelope•Distribution•Equipment•Lighting•Appliances
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Towards Positive
ResourceEfficiencyIndoor
EnvironmentEnergy Efficiency
Restorative
•Zero Energy•Captured Rainwater•Blackwaterremediation•Redlist free materials•Air quality testing•Accessibility •Aesthetics •Mental Health
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Performance-basedBuilding Certifications
2006IECC
2012IECC
2009IECC
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Energy Efficiency (EE) – Gateway DrugIndoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)Water Conservation (WC)Resource Efficiency (RE)Site and Community Impact (SC)
Location Efficiency (LE)
Innovation / Regional Priority (ID/RP)
5 – 7 Key Categories of Green
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• Build it (or remodel it) Tight, Ventilate Right • Reduce exposure
– Low or no voc paints, glues, primers, caulks, furnishings and etc (Green Guard Certified)
– Seal vents during construction or remodeling – Install shoe removal / dirt track – Air Seal between house and garage or remove garage
• Removal– Bath fan, vent hood range – HRV/ERV & MERV Filters
Indoor Environmental Quality IEQ
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• Test for leaks• Test pressure• Low flow
– Shower heads
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• Waste management – landfill diversion • Recycled content in building materials • Locally / regionally sourced materials (100 –
500 Miles)• Reuse / refurbished / used materials • FSC certified lumber• Natural building materials • Natural or fiber insulations • Cradle to Cradle / Green Label Plus / HPD
Resource Efficiency (RE)
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• Native Landscaping • Wildlife Certified Landscaping• Reduce compacted or loss soil during
construction• Stormwater Mitigation • Reduce Heat Island Effect• Dark Sky Initiative • Embodied Energy Of Construction • Gardens • Brownfield VS Greenfield • Floodplain or Wetland Avoidance
Site and Community Impact (SC)
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• Walkscore– Proximity to community resources
• (Schools, Grocery, Work, Restaurant, Hardware, Church and etc)
• Transit Service Availability • Walkability / Bike ability
– Higher Density Housing
• Studies find correlation between poor LE and higher mortgage defaults. – Invisible Energy
Location Efficiency (LE)
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The Continuum from Green to Sustainable
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National Green Building Standard (NAHB)
• Originally based on the NAHB Model Green Building Guidelines
• Based on the ICC/NAHB 700-2012National Green Building Standard, an ANSI-approved, consensus-based standard.
• ANSI Approval, committee of builders, mfr reps, code officials
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Types of Projects
• New Homes • Remodels • Multi Family• Community & Lot
Development
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Points-based Certification process with four levels of certification Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Emerald
Based on the ICC 700-2012 National Green Building Standard™.
Four green certification levels for homes available: Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Emerald.
Third party certification programs
National Green Building Standard (NAHB)
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www.homeinnovation.com/green
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GreenStar
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Remodeling Program for multiple project types• Whole house or Bathroom, Kitchen or etc• Add Conditioned Space• New Addition• New Foundation
New Homes Program (Mostly used in Minnesota)
Credits can be done retro-actively if you can prove it
Some strategies may both earn and penalize points
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• GreenStar has recommendations to reduce EMF Exposure
• Follow the Precautionary Principal
Electric & magnetic Fields (EMF)THE NEW IEQ ISSUE
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Credit Weightings
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MI GreenStar - Remodeling
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National Association of the Remodeling Industry
Green Certified Professional Designation
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IR Camera + Blower Door DIAGNOSTICS
Energy Ratings
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www.AllianceES.orgHERSindex.com
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HERSindex.com
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•4 Checklists (1 envelope, 2 HVAC, 1 water management)•Sliding HERS score•Requires certified HVAC professionals*•Requires duct leakage testing even in conditioned space•Requires better than code air sealing (airtight drywall approach)•Version 2 had 25% market penetration in homes – down to 15% or less than 5% in some areas.
• Trained HVAC is the largest hurdle to the program. • Online Credentialing and Training is provided by
• Advanced Energy • ACCC
Energy Star version 3.0
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Thermal EnclosureSystem:•Air Leakage•Insulation R-Value•Insulation Installation•Air Barriers•Thermal Bridging•High-Perf. Windows
Water ManagementSystem:•Roof Membranes•Flashing•WRB’s•Fabric Filters•Capillary Breaks•Drainage Layer
ENERGY STAR VERSION 3
HVAC QualityInstallation System:•Efficient Equipment•Right-Sizing•Air Distribution•Refrigerant Charge•Duct Installation•Pressure Balancing•Ventilation•Filtration
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Individual single-family and low-rise residential buildings (fewer than 4 stories) Can be mixed-use Certification process involves: LEED for Homes Provider Green Rater Needs little paperwork and
no LEED Online or GBCI Adjustable point scale Rewards multi-family projects
Requires Energy Star V2 HERS 70 or lower
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LEED for Homes
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Single-Family Homes
Program Scope and Applicable Building Types
Single-Family Production
Mid-Rise Multifamily
Low-Rise Multifamily
Gut Rehab
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LEED for Homes V2008
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Certified (45 – 54 points)Silver (55-64 points)Gold (65 - 84 points)Platinum (85+ points)
Total Core Points = 136
+/- up to 10 points for Home Size Adjuster (HSA)
Source: usgbc.org
LEED for Homes
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Online Scoring Tool
• QuickScore provides a project score
• Credit-by-credit path scores projects with greater accuracy
www.leedforhomes.org
How would your project rate?
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World’s First LEED Platinum / NAHB Emerald RemodelConstruction cost: $55.00 / sq ft
Courtesy of Weiss BD
Weiss Building & DevelopmentElgin, IL
LEED for HomesCertified: December 2011
LEED® Facts
Platinum 97.5Locations & Linkages 10Sustainable Sites 11Water Efficiency 6Energy & Atmosphere 17Materials & Resources 13Indoor EnvironmentalQuality 13Innovation & Design 10Awareness & Education 2
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Covers multi-family buildingsbetween 4 – 12 stories Based on LEED for Homes Rating system >50% residential occupancy Adjustable point scale Certification process
Stricter IAQ requirements than BD&C Project teams choose: BD&C or Midrise
LEED for Homes Midrise
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Neighborhood Development
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LEED Version 4 - 2015
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• Mainly for Affordable Multi Family Housing • No Cost to Certify or Use Online Tool • New Construction and Major Rehab require
HERS 75 and Energy Star Version 3• Moderate Rehabs require HERS of 85• Lack of onsite 3rd party oversight and quality
assurance • More Prerequisites Compared to other
Programs• Easy online but time consuming documentation
Enterprise Green Communities
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DOE Challenge Home
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DOE Challenge Home
• Must be ESv3 certified withIndoor Air Plus cert
• Be WaterSense certified• Meet IECC 2012 specs• Efficient plumbing systems• Renewable-ready for solar PV• Fortified for Safer Living
(Opt) Weiss Building & Development LLC
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Passive House
• NewenHouse Kit Home – Viroqua, WI• Designed to meet LEED Platinum and
Passive House• No furnace / heating system• HERS: 22
Final ACH @ 50: 0.57• Certified Passive House: Nov 2011
EXTREME Energy EfficiencySuper air-tightMinimal HVACNot just “houses” – any buildingBuilt on DOE Challenge Home
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Submitted Energy Model
Certified Passive House Consultant
PHIUS + Rater
Avoidance of high global warming potential foams (eps, spray foam and etc)
Other Requirements
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“Restorative” building redefining sustainabilityLargely commercial / institutional; some residentialRed list of prohibited materials
Inc. cadmium, arsenic, pvc, other heavy metalsNet Zero Water Net Zero or Net Positive Energy Health – Air Quality Testing + BiophilliaSocial Equity & Beauty Requirements No Greenfield ConstructionCertified after 1 year of occupancy via utility dataRequired ADA compliant
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Eco Sense Residence http://living-future.org/case-study/ecosenseCertified Petal Recognition (Pending Net Zero)
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TheNestGr.com
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Are homes that are not
accessible still Green?
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Other Regional & State Programs
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The Continuum from Green to Sustainable
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Illinois is currently using International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2009. The IECC 2012 with Illinois amendments will be implemented statewide by Jan 1, 2013.
MUEC2009(NGBS)
IECC 2012(IL versionbegan Jan 1)
ENERGY STAR v3
& GC
LEED 2008(until ver4)
Passive House **
Ceiling insulation (Climate Zone 5 used for all values) R38 R49 R38 R38 R80 ‐ R100
2 x 6 exterior studs (R19) or 1” rigid insulation (R13 + 5) X X X Points R40 ‐ R50
Foundation wall insulation R‐value (continuous or frame/batt)
10/13 15/19 10/13 Points R40 ‐ R50
Windows U‐value
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Residential Energy Program Comparison
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WHAT’S IN COMMON?
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HERS score Energy Star forHomes
GreenStar National GreenBuilding Standard
Green Communities LEED for Homes DOE ChallengeHome
Passive House Living BuildingChallenge
3rd Party Oversight Strength
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
HERS Energy Star V3 GreenStar National GreenBuilding Standard
Green Communities LEED for Homes DOE ChallengeHome
Passive House Living BuildingChallenge
Program Popularity & Use
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Scale 1 – 10 on Certification Costs
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3
4
5
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HERS score Energy Star forHomes
GreenStar National GreenBuilding Standard
Green Communities LEED for Homes DOE ChallengeHome
Passive House Living BuildingChallenge
Cost of Certification
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HERS score Energy Star forHomes
GreenStar National GreenBuilding Standard
Green Communities LEED for Homes DOE ChallengeHome
Passive House Living BuildingChallenge
Added Construction Costs
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The Continuum from Green to Sustainable
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Are Green Homes
More Valuable?
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Greening of the MLS
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9% Premium!
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NAHB – Study : Energy Efficiency*• 9 / 10 Homebuyers will pay more Energy Efficiency vs 2 – 3% less
for none • 71% of Homebuyers prefer a home with energy ratings and
predicted usage • Homebuyers would pay $7,000 more upfront if it would saved them
$1,000 annually in utilities (7 year ROI)• 94% wanted all energy star appliances and devices
9, 90%
1, 10%
% of Survey Homeowners who will pay more for E.E
Pay more for E.ENot pay more for E.E
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greenbuildermag.com/news/headlines/survey--green-life-wanted#.Ua97k0BQFni
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• 3rd party verifiable measures can be reviewed by donors and supporters.
• Volunteer Excitement • State or federal requirements and or tax credits
or incentives • Healthy for Occupants • Cost of Living
Green Affordable Housing Value
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“It is estimated (based on their earliest LEED Homes) that annual savings costs for electric, water, and heating will be at least $1,000 per home per year. The extra money available every month eases the hard decision “food or heat?” for families who live close to the poverty line.” – Habitat Kent County
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Home Savings Across Certification Levels
Platinum Gold Silver Certified
Energy Savings 46% 42% 24% 24%
Conventional home monthly utilities
$345 $193 $91 $293
LEED-certified home monthly utilities
$189 $107 $70 $198
Monthly Savings $156 $86 $21 $95
Conventional home 30-year utilities
$196,725 $109,900 $51,952 $167,465
LEED-certified home 30-year utilities
$107,806 $61,087 $39,773 $113,277
30-year Savings* $88,919 $48,813 $12,179 $54,188*Assuming 3% inflation rate for utilities
Data from 144 LEED homes Certified in Midwest
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Green Homes and Defaults
UNC Center for Community Capital • Institute for Market Transformation - March 2013
Home Energy Efficiency and Mortgage Risks Research study using CoreLogic loan performance data71,000 ENERGY STAR- and non-ENERGY STAR-rated single-family home mortgages was carefully constructed, accounting for loan, household, and neighborhood.
www.ccc.unc.edu
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Looking at Lifecycle costs
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alliancees.org/2012/12/17/post-occupancy-study-leed-for-homes-on-affordable-housing/
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Get involved
• Join our Mailing List or social media• Attend Free CEU Monthly Webinars
• Topics this year – Accessibility Certification, EMF avoidance, Strawclay building, Net Zero Home Remodel 101, ERV Comparisons and ETC
• Understanding LEED for Homes & Green Rater Courses Online and in person all year
• High Performance HVAC Courses in the Midwest • GreenStar Remodeling Qualification Courses All Year • Become a member for education discounts • Become a sponsor
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Thank You!
AllianceES.org
888 LEED APH ext 1
Brett.Little@alliances.org
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