descubrimiento, entrega de información y gestión: tendencias actuales de las nuevas tecnologías...
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Descubrimiento, entrega de información y gestión:
Tendencias Actuales de las Nuevas Tecnologías de las Bibliotecas
27 August 2014 InnovaTics
Marshall BreedingIndependent Consultant, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding
Abstract
Explore the realm of index-based discovery services oriented more to academic libraries, including Ex Libris Primo, ProQuest Summon, EBSCO Discovery Service, and OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service.
An update on the Open Discovery Initiative and the recent movement toward more participation by content providers.
Discuss technologies better suited for public libraries that have more concerns for customer engagement, access to print and electronic books, with less stringent requirements for article-level discovery of scholarly resources.
The role of open source discovery interfaces such as VuFind and Blacklight.
The status of the new generation of library services platforms. The presentation will provide highlights of global library
automation industry, with a focus on the players and trends in Latin America
Based on “Library Systems Report 2014”
Una perspectiva internacional La forma en la que las bibliotecas desarrollan e
implementan sus estrategias tecnológicas dependerá de su situación económica y del acceso a los recursos relacionados, incluyendo la red y la infraestructura informática, Internet de banda ancha, y el nivel de interés y la capacidad de sus usuarios para aprovechar los servicios informáticos y basadas en Web, así como otros factores. (InnovaTICs 2011)
How libraries develop and implement their technology strategies must be informed by their economic situation and their access to related resources, including network and computing infrastructure, Internet bandwidth, and the level of interest and ability for their users to take advantage of computer and Web-based services and many other factors.
Global perspective
Libraries all over the world share much in common in the services they provide to their communities
Values to provide high-quality content resources
Each global region has its own unique character
Available resources vary Technology must be sensitive to those
differences
Library Technology Guides
librarytechnology.org
Recursos en “Library Technology Guides”
Noticias de actualidad sobre la biblioteca orientada a tecnologías, productos, y las organizaciones
“GuidePosts” Blog de Marshall “libraries.org”: directorio internacional de bibliotecas y
de las tecnologías que utilizan El texto completo de muchos artículos relacionados con
la tecnología de la biblioteca Incluyendo artículos de Marshall, informes y presentaciones
Directorio de organizaciones que ofrecen productos para la automatización de la biblioteca
Servicios de notificación: Web, e-mail, RSS, Twitter
Chile
Mergers and Acquisitionshttp://librarytechnology.org/mergers
Library Technology Industry Reports
2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation
2013: Rush to Innovate 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier 2010: New Models, Core
Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of
turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down,
innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating
customer
American Libraries Library Journal
Library Systems Report 2014
Library Systems Report 2014 Spanish
http://www.thinkepi.net
Library Systems Report 2014 Arabic
Library Systems Report Tables
http://www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org
Broad Industry Trends
Continued Consolidation International companies increasingly
dominate in a growing set of international regions
Discovery services now routine infrastructure in academic libraries
New Generation systems becoming better established
New and existing systems shifting to hosted or SaaS deployment
Subscription-based technology infrastructure
Latin American Industry Trends International companies target well-
funded libraries As libraries develop, many move to
systems from international providers Many operate through regional
distributors Local systems and open source
dominate smaller and less well funded libraries
Cloud technologies often less well suited Bandwidth, annual subscription costs
The Evolution of Library Resource Discovery
Challenge: More integrated approach to information and service delivery
Library Web sites offer a menu of unconnected silos: Books: Library OPAC (ILS online catalog module) Search the Web site Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections OpenURL linking services E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides) Local digital collections
ETDs, photos, rich media collections Metasearch engines Discovery Services – often just another choice among
many All searched separately
Online Catalog
Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level
Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects Web site content Etc.
Scope of SearchSearch:
Search Results
ILS Data
Discovery from Local to Web-scale Initial products focused on technology
Mostly locally-installed software Current phase is focused on pre-
populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery
Web-scale Index-based Discovery
Search:
Digital Collections
Web Site Content
Institutional
Repositories
…E-Journals
Reference Sources
Search Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Consolidated Index
ILS Data
Aggregated Content packages
(2009- present)
Usage-generate
dData
Customer
Profile
Open Access
Profile of Library Subscriptions
Open source in Discovery
Flexible and powerful open source interfaces: VuFind (php-based) Blacklight (Ruby on Rails)
No open access discovery index Hybrid model:
Open source interface + Commercial Index
Bento Box Discovery Model
Search:
Digital Collections
Web Site Content
Institutional
Repositories
E-JournalsSearch Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Consolidated Index
ILS Data
Aggregated Content packages
Open AccessVuFind /
Blacklight
Biblioteca Nacional de Universidad de Chile
Challenge for Relevancy
Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR
Difficult to order records in ways that make sense
Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query
Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings
Socially-powered discovery
Leverage use data to increase effectiveness of discovery
Usage data can identify important or popular materials to inform relevancy engines
Identify related materials that may not otherwise be uncovered through keyword matching
Be careful to avoid introducing bias loops
Evaluating Index-based Discovery Services
Intense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator
Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone.
Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service.
Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full text
Important to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher
Library Perspective
Strategic investments in collection materials: print, digital, and electronic
Strategic investments in Discovery Solutions to provide access to their collections
Expect comprehensive representation of resources in discovery indexes
Need to be able to evaluate the coverage and performance of competing discovery models
Update on the NISOOpen Discovery Initiative
Facilitate a healthy ecosystem among
discovery service providers, libraries and content
providers
ODI context
Balance of Constituents
Libraries
Publishers
Service Providers
30
Marshall Breeding, Vanderbilt UniversityJamene Brooks-Kieffer, Kansas State University Laura Morse, Harvard UniversityKen Varnum, University of Michigan
Sara Brownmiller, University of Oregon
Lucy Harrison, College Center for Library Automation (D2D liaison/observer)Michele Newberry
Lettie Conrad, SAGE PublicationsRoger Schonfeld, ITHAKA/JSTOR/PorticoJeff Lang, Thomson Reuters
Linda Beebe, American Psychological AssocAaron Wood, Alexander Street Press
Jenny Walker, Ex Libris GroupJohn Law, Serials SolutionsMichael Gorrell, EBSCO Information ServicesDavid Lindahl, University of Rochester (XC)
Jeff Penka, OCLC (D2D liaison/observer)
ODI deliverables
Standard vocabulary NISO Recommended Practice:
Data format & transfer Communicating content rights Levels of indexing, content availability Linking to content Usage statistics Evaluate compliance
Inform and Promote Adoption
31
ODI Timeline
MilestoneTarget Date
Status
Appointment of working group Dec 2011
Approval of charge and initial work plan Mar 2012
Completion of information gathering Jan 2013
Completion of initial draft Jun 2013
Completion of final draft Sep 2013
Public Review Period commences Sep 2013
NISO Publishes Recommended Practice June 2014
32
E-Books in Libraries
Academic Libraries focus on chapter-level access for reference and research
Public Libraries aim to provide full lending and reading experience
Critical for libraries to master e-books as they gain more prominent place in general society
Challenges for library automation Provide the same types of management control
for e-books as other collection component Acquisitions: select and acquire materials from
multiple providers Cataloging: High-quality descriptive metadata
Electronic copies appropriately aligned with those in print or other media
Circulation: Integrated with other media. Option to lend e-reader devices
Discovery Integrated with all other formats Unified environment for content delivery
E-Book Integration Model
Search:
Digital Collections
Web Site Content
Local E-book
Repository
Search ResultsIndex
ILS Data
Aggregated Content packages
Library Catalog
External E-Book Lending
Service
AuthenticationCheckout - Download
Discovery
Trends in Management of Library Resources
Dynamic Library Environment Requires technologies responsive to the
changes in play Adapt to publishing models and new
formats that reshape library collections Generational Change in Technology Changes in metadata practices and
standards
Bibliotecas en la Transición
Cambio de lo impreso > electrónico Transición casi completa de revistas electrónicas Transición de libros impresos a libros electrónicos (e-
Books) Las bibliotecas académicas están viendo la
disminución de la circulación impresa Las bibliotecas públicas están viendo un
aumento en la circulación impresa Necesitan mejores herramientas para que
sus usuarios puedan acceder a colecciones complejas de materiales en diferentes formatos: impresos, electrónicos y digitales
Usuarios de la biblioteca en la Transición
La nueva generación de usuarios de la biblioteca Autosuficiente - reacios a pedir ayuda Estilos de trabajo colaborativos Digital nativos – “digital natives” Se perciben a sí mismos como competentes
para utilizar las herramientas de información sin la ayuda de los bibliotecarios o maestros Pero no son necesariamente competentes en la
búsqueda de información.
Los Cambios en la gestión de los metadatos
De priorizar la creación del registro, se pasa a la gestión a nivel de colección
Metadatos muy compartidos: enfoque de base de conocimientos (broadly shared metadata, knowledge bases)
Gran interés en el avance hacia la web semántica y abrir los datos vinculados (open linked data) AACR2 > RDA; MARC > RDF > BIBFRAME
RDA
Resource Description and Access http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/
Major change relative to resources devoted to transition
Minor impact relative to operational and strategic use of metadata
BIBFRAME
Emerged from the Initiative for Bibliographic Transformation of the Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ bibframe.org
Replacement for MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging), but broader in scope
Encoded using RDF (Resource Description Framework)
Major departure from MARC Today more conceptual than operational
Transformación de las tecnologías
Arquitectura orientada a servicios Énfasis en las Interfaces de programación de
aplicaciones Integración de las aplicaciones sociales
en infraestructura básica Computación local a cambio de plataformas en
la nube Nuevas expectativas para múltiples usuarios de
software-as-a-service Soporte para todos los tipos de dispositivos
de tamaño completo computadoras / tablet / móvil
Tecnologías de la Computación en Nube (Cloud Computing)
Las principales tendencias en Tecnología de la Información
Esencialmente la externalización del alojamiento y gestión del servidor
Productos de automatización de la mayoría de las nuevas versiones con un cierto sabor de computación en la nube
Depende del ancho de banda de Internet, que sea rápida y fiable (fast and reliable)
Biblioteca de automatización en la nube
Casi todos los proveedores de automatización de bibliotecas ofrecen algún tipo de servicios basados en la nube
La responsabilidad de la administración de servidores se mueve de la biblioteca a los Proveedores
Basado en suscripción el nuevo modelo de negocio: El pago integral de suscripción anual
Reduce la necesidad de apoyar la tecnología local
Cambios en el escenario de automatización de bibliotecas
SIGB (Sistema Integrado de Gestión de Biblioteca) sigue siendo el corazón de la infraestructura
Interés estratégico en tecnologías de descubrimiento
fuerte necesidad de herramientas para gestionar los recursos electrónicos
Tendencia hacia la gestión de recursos unificado
Las tendencias en modelos de implementación de automatización
Mayor interés en proyectos de cooperación para reducir los costos de automatización y para aumentar el impacto de las colecciones
Iniciativas regionales, estatales, nacionales y de infraestructura de automatización
Ejemplos reciente incluyen Dinamarca, Irlanda, Orbis-Cascade Alliance
Los SIGB independientes siguen donde la cooperación a gran escala no es posible
SIGB de código abierto: Escenario Internacional
Fuerte interés en EE.UU., Canadá Principalmente a través de servicios de
soporte comercial pagados Muy poco o ningún interés en Asia El interés sigue creciendo lentamente en
Europa Cada vez mayor interés en el software
de código abierto en América Latina
Koha
Originally developed in 1999 for small group of libraries in New Zealand, Horowhenua Library Trust by Katipo Communications, production use by January 2000
Gained widespread use in the United States around 2004-05 and has seen steady growth in use
Wide international adoption Used in many thousands of libraries. 2,682
represented in libraries.org, with many large groups not yet registered.
Dominant open source SIGB in Latin America
National Projects to deploy Koha
Philippines: A systematic effort to install Koha in the public libraries sponsored by the state libraries
Turkey: 1,200+ public libraries Spain: Koha-Kobli http://kobli.bage.es/ Argentina. CONABIP (Comisión Nacional
de Bibliotecas Populares) Customized version of Koha: DigiBepe http://www.conabip.gob.ar/faq/digibepe
Evergreen
SIGB de código abierto desarrollado por el Sistema de Bibliotecas Públicas de Georgia en los Estados Unidos
Apoyado y desarrollado por una empresa llamada Equinox
Software originalmente diseñado para grandes consorcios compose de pequeñas bibliotecas
Se utiliza principalmente en los Estados Unidos y Canadá.
No implementaciones en de América Latina Ver: http://www.open-ils.org/
Kuali OLE
ILS being developed for and by large academic and research libraries in an open source, community based model
Funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, managed through the Kuali Foundation
4-year project to build the software recently concluded
Placed in production in August 2014 in University of Chicago and Lehigh University
Recent announcement that Kuali will move to for-profit business model (August 25, 2014)
Nuevas direcciones en el desarrollo de Automatización de Bibliotecas
Premisa fundamental: Impreso + Electrónico + Digital
Lo impreso domina en los SIGB tradicionales y eso no se adecua al modelo de la realidad actual de la biblioteca y al futuro
Las bibliotecas actualmente cuentan con un ILS núcleo, rodeado por módulos adicionales para manejar los contenidos electrónicos
Nuevas interfaces de descubrimiento que sustituyen o complementan el módulo de catálogo en línea del SIGB
Tecnologías en la nube ofrecen un potencial para nuevos niveles de eficiencia y cooperación
Unificado de Gestión de Recursos Ya no es sensible el uso de diferentes
plataformas de software para la gestión de los diferentes tipos de materiales de la biblioteca
SIGB + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + la gestión de activos digitales, etc, es un muy ineficiente modelo
Es mejor tener una plataforma flexible capaz de gestionar múltiples tipos de materiales de la biblioteca, múltiples formatos de metadatos, con flujos de trabajo adecuado
Sistemas Abiertos
La apertura se ha incrementado como principal clave en las estrategias de tecnología de la biblioteca
Las bibliotecas necesitan llegar más lejos con sus datos
Capacidad para mejorar la experiencia del cliente y la eficiencia operativa
La demanda de interoperabilidad De código abierto - el pleno acceso al
programa interno de la aplicación abierto API - exponer interfaces de
programación a los datos y la funcionalidad
Library Services Platform
Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services Service oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to
extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data
Library Services Platform Characteristics
Highly Shared data models Knowledgebase architecture Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local
data stores Delivered through software as a service
Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management
MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX Bibframe New structures not yet invented
Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability
Library Services Platforms
Category WorldShare Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
Responsible Organization
OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions
Innovative Interfaces, Inc
Kuali Foundation
Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery based on central data: stores WorldCat + holdings + Items
Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model
Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS
Service-oriented architectureTechnology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows
Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure
Software model
Proprietary Proprietary
Proprietary Proprietary Open Source
Development Schedule
WorldShare Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
General Release in July 2011~200 now in productionFirst ARL member in production in June 2014
329 libraries have signed for Alma. Over 200 in production
Libraries in production by 2015
336 contracts completed, many libraries in production (~250?)
Version 1.0 released Dec 2013Version 2.0 underwaySummer 2014 implementations atUniversity of Chicago and Lehigh University
Con
solid
ate
d in
dex
Search Engine
Unified Presentation LayerSearch:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO…
JSTOR
Other Resour
ces
Library technical infrastructure
`
API Layer
Library Services Platform
LearningManageme
nt
LearningManageme
nt
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
StockManageme
nt
StockManageme
nt
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Authentication
Service
Authentication
Service
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Discovery
Service
Library Web Presence
Integrated Library System
Library Web site
SubjectGuides
Article, Databases,E-Book collections
Public Interfaces:
Presentation Layer
Convergence
Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets Ex Libris: Primo / Alma Serials Solutions: Summon / Intota OCLC: WorldCat Local / WorldShare Platform Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service
Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases
API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost
Progressive consolidation of library services
Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus
Resource sharing support Direct borrowing among partner institutions
Shared infrastructure between institutions Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University /
Cornell University) Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent
colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)
Challenges and opportunities for Latin America Selective adoption of global trends Some opportunities to acquire services
from global providers Spirit of technical proficiency and
innovation Exercise APIs of commercial systems Adopt open source solutions and
participate in their development communities
Create technical infrastructure to support unique character of libraries in Chile and Latin America
Gracias!
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