digital image processing in the name of god digital image processing lecture1: introduction m....

In The Name Of God

Digital Image ProcessingDigital Image Processing

Lecture1:

Introduction

By: M. Ghelich OghliM. Ghelich OghliE-mail: E-mail: m.g31_mesu@yahoo.comm.g31_mesu@yahoo.com

Fall 2012tvtoitc.ir

1. Digital Image Processing, Third Edition (Text Book) Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

2. Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods

References

3. Digital Image Processing, 5th EditionBernd Jahne

4. Digital Image Processing, Third EditionWILLIAM K. PRATT

5. Handbook of Image and Video ProcessingAL Bovik

References

What is Image Processing

• Image processing is a subclass of signal processing concerned specifically with pictures.

• Improve image quality for human perception and/or computer interpretation.

Why Image Processing?

• The future is multimedia information processing

• Images and videos are everywhere

• Many and diverse application

– Astronomy, Biology, Geology, Geography, Medicine, Law enforcement, Defense, Industrial inspection, …

– Different imaging modalities: Visual, X-Ray, Ultrasound, Infra-red , ….

Digital Image Processing and Analysis

Image AnalysisImage

Analysis

Image Analysis and Computer Vision

• Image Analysis involves examination of image data to facilitate solving an imaging problem

• In a Image analysis system outputs are used by human

• A Computer Vision application can be considered to be a deployed image analysis system

• In a Computer Vision system the images are intended to be “use” by a computer

These two categories overlap each other in certain areas.

Computer Vision

Computer Vision

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Image Enhancement• Military applications: target tracking,…• Security and Biometrics: face detection, Gesture recognition finger

print,…• Electronics• Medical Image Analysis• Industrial automation: QC, barcode reading, defect detection, label

checking,…• Scene interpretation• Law Enforcement• Geographical Information System (GIS)• Robotics

•…

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Image Enhancement

One of the most common uses of DIP techniques: improve quality, remove noise etc

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Security and Biometrics

face detection

finger print

Gesture recognition

• Fingerprint Identification System

IBM fingerprint laptop

Hanwang fingerprint attendance machine

Lock

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Fingerprint Identification System

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

Doo-shaped pattern

Bow-shaped patternLoop

• Fingerprint Identification System diagram

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Electronics: PCB– Machine inspection is used to determine that all components are

present and that all solder joints are acceptable

– Both real imaging and x-ray imaging

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Medical Image Analysis– Extraction clinically useful information for Diagnosis

– Various types of medical images

Radiography Skull Radiography

Mammography

• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images

Infrared thermography

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

Flow Analysis

• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

Brain MRI

Ultrasound

PET

Angiography

• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

FMRI

• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images

Cardiac MRICardiac CT

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Industrial Inspection

Human operators are expensive, slow and unreliable Make machines do the job instead Industrial vision systems are used in all kinds of industries Can we trust them?

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Scene interpretation

• Law Enforcement

Image processing techniques are used extensively by law enforcers

– Number plate recognition for speed cameras/automated toll systems

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Geographical Information System (GIS)

Digital image processing techniques are used extensively to manipulate satellite imagery

• Why GIS ? To inventory and monitor resources To test the sensitivity of our analysis assumptions To simulate potential impacts of management alternatives

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

• Geographical Information System (GIS)

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

The photo shows a great deal of the Yangtze River sediment

Remote monitoring of forest conditions (green for the forest)

• Geographical Information System (GIS)

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

Taklimakan desert Remote sensing image

• Robotics

Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision

Image/ Video Processing Methods

• Image Enhancement

• Image Restoration

• Compression

• Image Reconstruction

• Morphological Image Processing

• Image Segmentation

• Feature Extraction and Recognition Computer Vision

Image Enhancement

• Techniques concern the improvement of the quality of the digital image

Original Image Enhanced image

Image Restoration

• Improving the appearance of an image• Tend to be based on mathematical or probabilistic models of

image degradation

Distorted image Restored image

Geometric distorted image Restored image

Image Compression

• Reducing the storage the storage required to save an image

Morphological Processing

• Tools for extracting image components that are useful in the representation and description of shape.

Segmentation

• To partition the image into its constituent parts (objects)

– Autonomous segmentation (very difficult) • Can facilitate or disturb subsequent processes

– Output (representation):• Raw pixel data, depicting either boundaries or whole regions

(corners vs. texture for example)

• Need conversion to a form suitable for computer processing

– (Description)

Representation & Description

• Feature selection (description) deals with extracting:

– features that result in quantitative information of interest or

– features that are important for differentiating one class of objects from another

Recognition & Interpretation

• To assign a label to an object based on information provided by the descriptors

• To assign meaning to a group of recognized objects