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Digital Switchover andDigital Dividend:
The European experience
Juan CastroITU Radiocommunication Bureau
1. Definitions
2. DSO/DD Benefits and Costs
3. DSO Status in Europe
4. 700 MHz and 800 MHz bands
5. Useful Links
Summary
DefinitionsDigital Switch Over (DSO)
Simulcasting
Establish the new digital services on temporary
frequencies.
Operate both analogue and digital services for a period of
time
Analogue Switch-off (ASO)
Switch off the analogue services
Re-stacking
Change the frequencies of the digital services to their final
frequencies, if required
DSO is the process in which analogue television broadcasting is replaced by digital television broadcasting.
Some digital characteristics at the origin of DD:
Digital video compression reduces the transmission size (bits) of the video signal.
Multicarrier digital modulation (COFDM) minimizes the multipath interference effect and the needed transmitting power is reduced.
Single-Frequency Networks (SFN): The same frequency can be used in adjacent cells as long as the same broadcast content is transmitted.
DefinitionsDigital Dividend (DD)
DD is the amount of spectrum made available by the transition of terrestrial television broadcasting from analogue to digital.
DSO Benefits
Instead of one, typically from 4 to 8 digital programs of equivalent or better quality can be broadcast in the same 6, 7 or 8 MHz wide channel
Improved picture and sound quality and potential for interactivity
Economies for broadcasters (less power, less transmitters, new pay-tv services…)
DSO Costs
Source: DIGITAG
DD Benefits
A significant amount of high quality radio spectrum can be made available for new services (such as IMT) or to increase TV offer and new TV services.
Economical (for regulators): Auction/Bids processes to award freed-up bands to new services
Economical (for businesses): New business opportunities
Example of Auctions (800MHz)
Country Amount of auction in € Year of auction
Austria 2 billion Oct-2013
Belgium 360 Million Nov-13
Croatia 40 million Sep-12
Czech Republic 266 million Nov-13
Denmark 99Million 2012
Finland 108 Million 30.10.2013
France 2.6 billion Dec-11
Germany 3.57 billion 2010
Ireland* 854.64 million (spectrum fees included until 2030) 2012
Italy 2.96 billion Jan-13
Lithuania 2,4 million Oct-2013
Latvia 4.7 million Oct-2013
Netherlands 3.8 billion Dec-2012
Portugal 270 million 2012
Romania* 682 million Sep-12
Spain 1,3 billion Jul-05
Sweden 233 million 2009
Switzerland* CHF 996.3 million Jul-05
UK 2.7 billion Feb-2013 *: 8
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700 and 800 MHz Bands in Europe
700 MHz: 694 – 790 MHz | 800 MHz: 790 – 862 MHz
Mobile service is allocated on a shared co-primary basis with the broadcasting service
800MHz band has been assigned to mobile services (IMT)
700 MHz band: European Commission obligation to repurpose to mobile broadband by 2020
Multilateral coordination through several groups: NEDDIP, WEDDIP, SEDDIF
Examples of 700 MHzrelease and auctions
• November of 2015:700 MHz spectrum auction raised €2.8 billion
• 4th of April 2016
• MPEG-2 -> MPEG-4, maintaining the DVB-T: higher compression freed up spectrum for IMT
France
• May 2015: 700 MHz spectrum auction raised €1.0 billion
• 29th of March 2017
• DVB-T/MPEG-2 -> DVB-T2/HEVC in several urban areas, Portable reception modes
• Full DVB-T2 will be gradually rolled out until mid-2019
• Change in business model (monthly fee)
Germany
DSO Status in Europe
Europe has generally completed DSO
Source: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Spectrum-Broadcasting/Pages/DSO
Completed: 38 countries
Ongoing: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Romania
Not started: Turkey
Digital standard being used: DVB-T / DVB-T2
Releasing the 700/800 MHz DDs ensuring the continuity of the DTT
• Evaluate the content that needs to be taken into account (present and future)
• Current demands have to be met: no loss of capacity or content. Demands can be met with introduction of DVB-T2 and HEVC
DTT Service Requirement :
• Re-planning the spectrum
• Introducing New Technologies
• Existing licenses and contracts
• Re-engineering of transmission sites
National Decisions
• Step 1: Common understanding about national requirements and access to spectrum
• Step 2: Allotment shapes and sizes are amended if necessary
• Step 3: whenever possible, exchange of DTT channels
International coordination
Challenges
Everybody is in favor of spectrum harmonization
Everybody wants it to be their own way
DSO Useful Links
Guidelines: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-Presence/AsiaPacific/Documents/AtoDguidelinesV3.pdf
Report: http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-SM.2353-2015-PDF-E.pdf
ITU-R FAQ on the DIGITAL DIVIDEND and the DIGITAL SWITCHOVER:http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/Documents/ITU-R-FAQ-DD-DSO.pdf
Website: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Spectrum-Broadcasting/Pages/DSO/Default.aspx
Training: https://academy.itu.int
Thank youjuan.castro@itu.int
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