distributed power: responsible wellbeing for smart microgrids

Distributed Power:Responsible Wellbeing for Smart Microgrids

Encuentro de Constituyentes de EnergíaInstituto Nacional de Energía Sostenible Isleña

Universidad de Puerto Rico11 – agosto – 2016

Marcel J. Castro SitiricheColegio de Ingeniería, Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez

Is technology neutral?Write down:

• YES or NO

• WHY?

P

Neutrality of Technology•Technology could be used for good or for bad

•Technology changes the way we live

•Technology is NOT neutral

Technology is not Neutral•Technology is changing our lives

•We need to know our role in social change

•We need to assume responsibility in society

P

Toa Alta: Boriquén

Photo credit: marcel

Toa Alta: Boriquén

Photo credit: marcel

Mayagüez: Boriquén

Photo credit: marcel

Duchity: Ayití

Photo credit: marcel

Arumeru, Tanzania - 2014

Photo credit: marcel

Arumeru ahoraArumeru, Tanzania - 2016

Photo credit: marcel

El Coqui

THE GOOD LIFEWrite down:

• What is a good life?

• What makes life good?

P

sumak kawsay suma qamaña

The Good Life: Alternative to the Development Narrative

• Quechua - Ecuador: sumak kawsay• Human Rights

• Aymara - Bolivia: suma qamaña• Ethic and Moral Principles

• Alternative Development -> an Alternative to Development

Gudynas and Acosta 2011; La renovación de la crítica al desarrollo y el buen vivir como alternativa

Responsible Wellbeing and Threshold Hypothesis: Wellbeing vs Consumption

(a)

Consumption

We

llbe

ing

Region 1

Povertysumakkawsay

Affluence(excess)

Region 2 Region 3

(b)

Chambers, R. (1997), Editorial: Responsible well-being – a personal agenda for development. World Development 25: 1743–1754.

Point (a): minimum necessary

Max-Neef, M. (1995), Economic growth and quality of life: a threshold hypothesis, Ecological Economics, 15, 115–118.

appropriatetechnology

responsiblewellbeing

Point (b): threshold hypothesis

human development

Adapted from: Castro-Sitiriche, Marcel J., Jonathan Ozik; “Rural Electrification Pathways to Wellbeing”, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Appropriate Technology: Knowledge and Technology Transfer Session, Nairobi, Kenya, pages 54-63, November 2014

Quality of Life Enabled by Rural Electrification: Wellbeing vs Consumption

(a)Annual kWh per capita

Hap

py

Life

Yea

rs (

HLY

)

Region 1

Povertysumakkawsay

Affluence(excess)

Region 2 Region 3

(b)

Point (a): minimum necessary levelPoint (b): threshold hypothesis level

(i) (ii)

Point (i): absolute minimum as basic human rightPoint (ii): target level

60 kWh400 kWh

2,000 kWh?

39.1 HLY

62.6 HLY

50.8 HLY

79.3 LE7.3 LS

66.7 LE4.6 LS

71.2 LE6.3 LS

Happy Life Years – HLYLife Expectancy – LE Life Satisfaction – LS

HLY = LE x LS/10

Adapted from: Castro-Sitiriche, Marcel J., Luis Jiménez-Rodríguez; (2014) "Responsible Wellbeing and Energy Threshold". ETHOS Gubernamental: Revista del Centro para el Desarrollo del Pensamiento Ético, Oficina de Ética Gubernamental, No. VII, San Juan, Puerto Rico, pp. 64-126, June 2014.

Energy Development Index Countries

49.245.4

43.5

38.537.4

34.6

30.9

28.2

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Hap

py

Life

Ye

ars

Average Yearly Per-Capita Electric Energy Consumption (kWh)

Happy Life Years vs Per-Capital Electricity Consumption

79.3 LE7.3 LS

66.7 LE4.6 LS

71.2 LE6.3 LS

Level 2

AppropriateTechnology

Level 1 Level 360 kWh

400 kWh2,000 kWh

Level 1: basic human right 39.1 - Madagascar

Level 2: minimum necessary 50.8 - Guatemala

Level 3: target level 62.6 - Costa Rica

Happy Life Years – HLYLife Expectancy – LE Life Satisfaction – LS

HLY = LE x LS/10

Poverty sumak kawsay

PAdapted from: Castro-Sitiriche, Marcel J., Luis Jiménez-Rodríguez; (2014) "Responsible Wellbeing and Energy Threshold". ETHOS Gubernamental: Revista del Centro para el Desarrollo del Pensamiento Ético, Oficina de Ética Gubernamental, No. VII, San Juan, Puerto Rico, pp. 64-126, June 2014.

Source - http://www.netanir.ir/upload/image/distributed-generation.jpg

Distributed Generation - Smart Grid

Distributed Generation - Smart Grid

.

Possible Paths

• Improve central control• Large renewable energy projects• Government lead

• Enable energy transactions in the grid• Residential renewable energy projects• Community lead

GRACIASmarcel.castro@upr.eduUniversity of Puerto Rico in MayagüezCenter for Hemispherical Cooperation in Research and Education in Engineering and Applied Science

marcel.castro@nm-aist.ac.tzNelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology

Sponsored by the: Fulbright Scholarship 2014-2015, Sabbatical , CRWS NSF Project Grant #1449489