dna rna protein review
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AIM:How are amino acids formed into proteins?PEPTIDE BOND:
Joins Two AMINO ACIDS together
JANUARY 16th, 2009
How does DNA get into every cell? -DNA Replication is when DNA makes a copy of itself.
-DNA Replication is important because cells need DNA to make proteins they need to survive.
-When DNA replicates it produces two DNA molecules that are identical (exactly the same) as the original parent strand:
Picture of DNA Replication:
1 DNA 2 DNA
DNA Replication
Practice with DNA Replication -Let’s practice DNA replication! I’ll give you one strand
of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of DNA. (Remember, A=T, G=C)
Original Strand: ATTAGGCTATTGACGATAGCCATGGA
Complementary Strand: TAATCCG
Practice with DNA Replication -Let’s practice DNA replication! I’ll give you one strand
of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of DNA. (Remember, A=T, G=C)
Original Strand: ATTAGGCTATTGACGATAGCCATGGA
Complementary Strand: TAATCCGATAACTGCTATCGGTACCT
Practice with DNA Replication Original Strand: GCCATAGGATTTATATGGCATAT
Complementary Strand:
Practice with DNA Replication Original Strand: GCCATAGGATTTATATGGCATAT
Complementary Strand: CGGTATCCTAAATATACCGTATA
R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _N:Making an exact copy of DNA
D. How does the cell use DNA to make proteins? -DNA is used as directions for making
proteins. -DNA cannot leave the nucleus, so in order to
make proteins, RNA must be made. -RNA is much like DNA however it only has
one strand and instead of using the nucleotide Thymine (T) it uses the nucleotide Uracil (U). (A=U)
-RNA uses the sugar ribose while DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose.
DNA BothRNA double stranded A=T uses the sugar
deoxyribose cannot leave the
nucleus used in DNA
Replication
single stranded A=U uses the sugar
ribose Can leave the
nucleus used in
translation
-both are used in transcription
-made up of phosphates, sugars and nitrogen bases
-contain genetic information
-use G, C and A
-Our bodies need proteins in order to operate correctly. There are two cellular processes in charge of making proteins:
1. Transcription: DNA is made into mRNA. This happens in the nucleus. (DNARNA)
Picture of Transcription:
1 DNA 1 mRNA
Transcription
Transcription Video
Practice with Transcription
-Let’s practice transcription! I’ll give you one strand of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of RNA. (Remember, in RNA replace T with U).
DNA strand: ATTAGGCCGGATTAGCCTATTA RNA strand: UAAUCCG
DNA strand: ATTGCATTATCGATTATCCTAT RNA strand:
Practice with Transcription
-Let’s practice transcription! I’ll give you one strand of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of RNA. (Remember, in RNA replace T with U).
DNA strand: ATTAGGCCGGATTAGCCTATTA RNA strand:UAAUCCGGCCUAAUCGGAUAAU
DNA strand: A TTGCAT TATCGAT TATCCTAT RNA strand: UAACGUAAUAGCUAAUAGGAUA
After transcription, mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to the ribosomes where translation begins.
2. Translation: mRNA is turned into amino acids which fold to make proteins. This happens on the ribosome. (mRNA amino acids)
Picture of Translation:
1 mRNA
Translation
Amino Acid chain
-In order to make the amino acid chain in translation, the mRNA is “read” with each set of three nucleotides acting like a word.
-Each of these 3 letter words is called a codon, and different codons code for different amino acids.
Ex: AUG=amino acid methionine GCA=amino acid alanine
(3 nucleotides=1 codon=1 amino acid)
-You can use a chart to figure out what 3 nucleotides code for each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins:
Translation Practice
-Let’s practice translation! I’ll give you the mRNA strand, and you figure out what amino acids it codes for. (Remember, 3 nucleotides=1 amino acid)
mRNA strand: AUG CCC UUU GAG AAG CGU UAA
amino acid chain: methionine-histidine
mRNA strand: AUG GGG UGG AGA AGU GUG UGA
amino acid chain:
mRNA strand: AUGAGUAACCCAUAA
amino acid chain:
Translation Practice
-Let’s practice translation! I’ll give you the mRNA strand, and you figure out what amino acids it codes for. (Remember, 3 nucleotides=1 amino acid)
mRNA strand: AUG CCC UUU GAG AAG CGU UAA
amino acid chain: methionine–histidine–phenylalanine–glutamate–lysine-arginine-stop
mRNA strand: AUG GGG UGG AGA AGU GUG UGA
amino acid chain:
mRNA strand: AUGAGUAACCCAUAA
amino acid chain:
Translation Practice
-Let’s practice translation! I’ll give you the mRNA strand, and you figure out what amino acids it codes for. (Remember, 3 nucleotides=1 amino acid)
mRNA strand: AUG CCC UUU GAG AAG CGU UAA
amino acid chain: methionine–histidine–phenylalanine–glutamate–lysine-arginine-stop
mRNA strand: AUG GGG UGG AGA AGU GUG UGA
amino acid chain: methionine-glycine-tryptophan-SERINE-valine-stop
mRNA strand: AUG AGU AAC CCA UAA
amino acid chain: met ser asp pro stop
Translation Video
-There are 3 types of RNA used in making proteins:
-what ribosomes are made up of; it gives the mRNA a place to attach to during translation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
-brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation to help make the amino acid chain
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
-carries information found in DNA out of the nucleus so that proteins can be made (used in transcription and translation)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Picture of itWhat it doesName
Ribosome
I don’t care what you heard about me
But my RNA can make all of my proteins
All my As and Us and Cs and Gs
My RNA is coding for Proteins!
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