do you experience sadness, anxiety, and fear? mental disorders how long do these feelings usually...

Do you experience sadness, anxiety, and fear?

Mental Disorders

How long do these feelings usually last?

Mental Disorders

20 percent of the U.S. population— 54 million people—are affected by some form of mental disorder

Fewer than 8 million people with mental disorders actually seek treatment.

Of the 20 percent of children and adolescents who suffer from mental health problems, only one-third receive the help they need.

What Are Mental Disorders?

People are reluctant to seek treatment for mental/emotional problems because of:

Embarrassment or shame. Stigma or a negative label.

Misconceptions and stereotypes.

Many mental and emotional disturbances involve imbalances in brain chemistry and require medical attention.

Seeking Treatment for Mental DisordersWhat Are Mental Disorders?

Anxiety Disorders

People with anxiety disorders often arrange their lives to avoid situations that make them feel anxious or fearful.

There are four main types of anxiety disorders:

1.Phobias

2.Obsessive-compulsive disorders

3.Panic disorders

4.Post-traumatic stress disorders

Types of Mental Disorders

A phobia is a strong and irrational fear of something specific.

People with phobias:

Do everything they can to avoid the object of their fear.

May be unable to live a normal life.

May remain prisoners in their own homes.

PhobiaTypes of Mental Disorders

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) A person with obsessive-compulsive

disorder is trapped in a pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors.

Obsessive refers to persistent, recurrent, and unwanted thoughts that prevent people from attending to normal daily activities.

Compulsive refers to repeated, irresistible behaviors.

Types of Mental Disorders

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Types of Mental Disorders

Panic Disorder

A person with a panic disorder has sudden, unexplained feelings of terror.

Types of Mental Disorders

Panic DisorderThese panic attacks may occur at any time or place, but most are triggered by a particular object, condition, or situation.

Symptoms include:tremblingpounding heartshortness of breathdizziness.

Types of Mental Disorders

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder is common after a personal assault, natural or human-made disasters, accidents, and military combat.

Symptoms:Flashbacksnightmaresemotional numbnesssleeplessnessguilt.

It may arise weeks or months after the event that caused it.

Types of Mental Disorders

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Between the years of 2000 and 2012, the Army diagnosed 76,176 soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder, otherwise known as PTSD.

Types of Mental Disorders

Mood Disorders

The emotional swings of a mood disorder are extreme in both intensity and duration.

Types of Mental Disorders

Two Types of Mood Disorders

Clinical Depression

Types of Mental Disorders

Clinical depression affects a person’s ability to:

Concentrate. Sleep.Perform at school or work.Handle everyday decisions and challenges.

Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily interests and activities.

Two Types of Mood Disorders

Bipolar disorder: formerly called manicdepression, causes extreme mood swingsthat include emotional highs (mania orhypomania) and lows (depression).

Bipolar Disorder

Types of Mental Disorders

Types of Mental DisordersBipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is very serious and cancause risky behavior, even suicidaltendencies, and can be treated withtherapy and medication.

Factors that can lead to an eating disorder are:

Psychological pressures. Possible genetic factors.

Obsession with body image and thinness.

Eating Disorders:• Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia Nervosa • Binge Eating Disorders

Types of Mental Disorders

Factors that can lead to an eating disorder are:

Psychological pressures. Possible genetic factors.

Obsession with body image and thinness.

Eating Disorders:• Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia Nervosa • Binge Eating Disorders

Types of Mental Disorders

A person who suffers from an eating disorder can

experience a wide range of physical health

complications, including:

Serious heart conditions. Kidney failure, which may lead to death.

It is therefore critical that a person with an eating disorder get help immediately.

Physical Health Complications of Eating Disorders

Types of Mental Disorders

Psychotic disorders

Psychotic disorders involve distorted awareness and thinking. Two of the most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are• Hallucinations: the experience of images or

sounds that are not real, such as hearing voices.

• Delusions: which are false fixed beliefs that the ill person accepts as true, despite evidence to the contrary.

Types of Mental Disorders

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality.

Symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders.

Causes: may be a combination of genetic factors and chemical and structural changes in the brain.

Types of Mental Disorders

Personality refers to an individual’s unique traits and behavior patterns.

People afflicted with these disorders think and behave in ways that make it difficult for them to get along with others.

Types of Mental DisordersPersonality Disorders

Life can be difficult for everyone at times. Suicide Prevention

With adequate help and support, people suffering from mental and emotional problems can often find new purpose and happiness.

Challenges Responsibilities

Pressures

Emotional Overload

Alienation

This emotional overload can lead to depression or

alienation.

Why Do People Feel Suicidal?

Some people try to escape their pain through

suicide.

Challenges, responsibilities,

and troubling life events can seem

overwhelming.

Suicide Prevention

Some Risk Factors That May Lead to Suicide

Depression or other mental disorders

Alcohol or drug abuse

History of physical or sexual abuse

History of other suicide attempts

Family history of emotional disorders or suicides

Suicide Risk Factors

Teen Suicide: Recognizing the Warning Signs

Suicide Risk Factors

Multiple Suicides

Sometimes within a teen population, cluster suicides occur.

Some cluster suicides are the result of pacts or agreements between two or more people to take part in suicide.

Others result when individuals commit suicide in response to the suicide of a friend or a suicide that has been sensationalized in the media.

Strategies to Prevent Suicide

How You Can Help Prevent SuicideRecognize the warning signs of suicide.

Take seriously any talk about committing suicide.

Never bargain with someone who is thinking about suicide.

Show concern and empathy.

Strategies to Prevent Suicide

You feel trapped with no way out, or you worry all the time.

Your feelings affect your sleep, eating habits, school work, job performance, or relationships.

Your family or friends express concern about your behavior.

You are becoming involved with alcohol or other drugs.

You are becoming increasingly aggressive, violent, or reckless.

When to Seek Help for Mental or Emotional Problems

Knowing When to Get Help

Methods for Seeking Help

There are many people who are willing and eagerto assist people with critical mental health issues:

Parents or guardians

School psychologists

Counselors

Coaches

Clergy members

Crisis hot lines

Signs That Professional Help Is Needed

Loss is an important part of life.

It is always difficult and painful to lose someone.

Learning to cope with grief is an important part of human development.

Understanding Death and Grief

Losses Experienced in Life

Missing a chance to play in a championship game because of an injury.

Failing to get the grade you needed on an important exam.

Experiencing rejection.

Breakup of a relationship.

Death of a pet, friend, or family member.

Feeling the loss of whatever—or whomever—you left behind when moving or changing schools.

Different Kinds of Loss

When a loss occurs, it is common and naturalto experience a grief response.

The way a person responds to loss is unique tothe situation and to the individual.

Grief ResponseExpressions of Grief

The grieving process occurs during the grief response.

The purpose of this process is to reach closure, or acceptance of a loss.

The stages of grief reflect a variety of reactions that may occur as people work through the process.

The Grieving Process

Expressions of Grief

Stages of GriefDenial/Numbness

Emotional Releases

Anger

Bargaining

Depression

Remorse

Acceptance

Hope

Expressions of Grief

Some Ways of Coping with Death

Allow some time to reflect on who you were before the loss.

Focus on what you were able to do in the relationship.

Remember the wonderful things about the person.

Reach closure by seeking support from others.

Coping with Death

Support from family and friends is important during mourning.

You can help by:

Showing empathy or just being there to listen.

Sharing your memories and appreciation of the person who is gone.

Talking about experiences and memories.

Helping Others Through the Grieving Process

Coping with Death

Seeing a counselor or therapist who specializes in grief can help people through the grieving process.

These specialists often can be found through community mental health services, such as hospices.

Grief Counseling

Coping with Death

Coping Mechanisms

Using effective coping mechanisms can ease theprocess of recovery from traumatic or suddenevents.

Spend time with other people, and discuss your feelings.

Get back to daily routines as quickly as possible.

Eat nutritious foods, exercise, and get enough rest and sleep.

Do something positive to help your community through the event.

Coping with Disasters and Crises