don’t rain on my parade: alternatives to sprinkling · don’t rain on my parade: alternatives to...
Post on 29-Aug-2018
231 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Don’t Rain on My Parade:Alternatives to SprinklingEvent 9
1.5 LUs HSW
Presenter: David Selinsky, AIA
Basics Remember to fill out your attendance form and turn it in to get your
continuing education credits
Evaluate us. Please give us your feed back.
Please silence your cell phone… it won’t both me by it will probably bother your neighbor
Few questions… How many here do work out side metro areas, rural America? How many do work outside of Minnesota? Any engineers in attendance?
Introduction
Sprinkling is becoming the standard for all buildings; however, codes do not take into account facility specific factors that make sprinkling impractical, even impossible.
How can a design meet the code when a building has no access to a viable water source?
What if the product stored in a building cannot get wet?
Or if sprinkling the building creates a larger hazard risk?
Balancing the building owner’s needs and code requirements in a design can come with complications.
The presentation will answer these questions and offer alternatives to sprinkling a building.
Learning Objectives
This seminar will address fire suppression alternatives for buildings or structures to comply with code.
Participants will walk away with an understanding of the following:
1. How each sprinkling alternative addresses standard building code requirements.
2. Pros/Cons of each alternative.
3. Impact each alternative has on building life safety.
4. Cost implications of each alternative
Agenda1. Introduction2. Learning Objectives3. Codes4. Why do we sprinkle a building5. Why would we not sprinkle a building6. When is it required to sprinkle a building7. When is a sprinkler system not required8. Alternative Concepts
1. Pro’s/Con’s2. Impact3. Costs
9. Examples: F, S, H, B, Mixed Occupancies, R occupancies10. Summary11. Questions
Codes
2015 Minnesota State Building Code (2012 IBC) - focus
2015 Minnesota State Fire Code (2012 IFC)
Other NFPA 13 NFPA Fire Protection Handbook 2006 IBC 2009 IBC 2015 IBC 2018 IBC
This is not an anti-sprinkler seminar…
There are alternatives…
Save lives and property
Code says to based on occupancy type
Local jurisdiction says to
More and more codes are calling for increase in use of sprinkling and in the process reduce requirements for fire and smoke resistant components
Increase in allowable area Allows us to constructed larger buildings, few fire barriers, few if any compartments
Increase travel distance
Reduced fire-resistive ratings
Why do we sprinkle buildings
Increased sprinkler reduces use of:
Fire Walls and Fire Barriers
Fire Rated concrete construction
Concrete and masonry exterior walls
Fireproofing for steel columns, beams and floors decks
Firestopping
Fire and smoke sealants and gaskets
(All proven track record of containing and controlling spread of fire and smoke and limited damage to a burning building and surrounding structures)
Why do we sprinkle buildings (cont)
Why would we not want to sprinkle a building1. Creates a greater risk hazard
a. Contaminated ground water
b. Toxic cloud/gas
2. Undesirable because of the nature of the contents
3. Electrical Rooms
4. Elevator shafts, pits, equipment rooms
5. Limited resourcesa. Little or no water
b. Cost
Section 903 - When is an automatic sprinkler system required
Section 903 - When is an automatic sprinkler system required
Section 903 - When is an automatic sprinkler system requiredControlled size
Section 903 - When is an automatic sprinkler system requiredControlled occ load
Section 903 - When is an automatic sprinkler system requiredReduced Travel Distances
What was missing
B Occupancy was missing.
Code has no requirement for sprinkling B Occupancy like the other groups do
B occupancy relies on Table 503 for allowable areas
Section 506 for area increases
Openness
Sprinkler Increase
IBC, Table 506
When is a sprinkler system not required
Code 903.3.1.1.1 Exempt Locations
1. Any room where the application of water, or flame and water, constitutes a serious life or fire hazard.
2. Any room or space where sprinklers are considered undesirable because of the nature of the contents, when approved by the fire code official.
3. Generator and Transformer rooms separated from the remainder of the building by walls and ceiling assemblies having not less than 2- hours
4. Rooms or spaces that are of non-combustible construction
5. Fire Service access elevators
6. Machine rooms and machinery spaces associated with evacuation elevators
7. Elevator shafts, pits and machine rooms
NFPA 13, 8.14.11.2 Exception
Sprinkler are not required in Electrical Room where all of the following conditions are meet:
1. Room is dedicated to electrical equipment only
2. Only dry-type electrical equipment is used
3. Equipment is installed in a 2-Hour fire-rated enclosure including protection for penetrations
4. No combustible storage is permitted to be stored in the room.
When is a sprinkler system not required
Comment
What we are talking about works best to small to med-size buildings and structures.
Don’t work for all all occupancies (i.e. R, I, Ambulatory Facilities)
Mandatory working with AHJ (Code documents mandatory)
Being creative with the code, not just taking in its prescriptive sense
Alternative Concepts1. Risk Assessment
a. Type of Occupancy / Useb. Number of Occupantsc. Material in the building
i. Burn Characteristicsii. Fuel Loadiii. High Pile Storage
d. Size of the facility, both in area and height2. Does it pose more serious risk or hazard3. Undesirable (elevator, pit, equipment room, electrical room)4. Location of the facility5. Compartmentation6. Direct involvement of AHJ7. Passive vs Active vs Hybrid system
Risk Assessment
Type of Occupancy / Use
A - Assemble
B - Business
E - Educational
F - Factory
H - Hazardous
I - Institutional
M - Retail
S - Storage
Risk AssessmentNumber of Occupants
Residential
Assemble
Storage
Factory/Process
Minimal 3-5 occupants
Is it even occupied
Risk AssessmentMaterial in the building
Burn Characteristics Is it combustible or flammable Is it non-combustible Toxic
Fuel Load Total amount of potential fuel for a fire in a given structure or
building
High Pile Storage
Materials of Construction
Risk Assessment
Pose more serious risk or hazard
Hazardous materials
Chemicals, liquid or solid
Potential for contaminated ground water
Potential for toxic gas during fire
Material doesn't burn but smolders and holds water… building collapse
Risk AssessmentUndesirable
Elevator
Elevator pit
Elevator equipment room
Electrical room
Motor Control Center
Unheated mass product storage building
Area and Height of the Facility
How much area is in the facility…10,000 sf, 20,000 sf, 100,000 sf, larger
How tall is it.. 1 story, 3 story, 10 story, taller
Is the height due to stories or result of equipment in the building
Location of the Facility Where is the facility
Urban
Rural
Middle of nowhere
Across the street from the nursing home or school
Is there an AHJ
Who has jurisdiction: City, County State, no one
Compartmentation Key element of passive fire protection; achieved by dividing the premise into fire
areas through the use of fire doors and walls of fire-resistive construction, and fire stopping of services that penetrate through these
Compartmentation protects holes in floors and walls (shafts, ducts, pipes) where fire and smoke can rapidly spread and affords safe passage through exit corridors and stairways
Time to evacuate
Fire Walls and Fire Barriers Fire rated opening Sealed penetrations Use of non-combustible materials
Concrete, precast, masonry Fireproofing for steel columns, beams and floors decks
Fire-stopping Fire and smoke sealants and gaskets
Direct Involvement of the AHJ
Talk early in the design to the AHJ (Building and Fire)
Despite what Owners says AHJ are not there to make life difficult and expenses. They can actually help save not only lives but dollars
Review at the preliminary stage
Their insight & approval… how will they address an issue
Passive - Active - Hybrid Active Fire Protection: Sprinklers and smoke detector
Passive Fire Protection: Elements that resist fire (non-combustibles – precast, concrete, masonry)
Compartmentation: using passive protection to confine fire/smoke to a specific area
Balanced Design: Combining both active and passive elements as well as compartmentation
1. Works within the code, accepting limit in area and height
2. Manages use of materials
3. Uses exceptions within the Code together with AHJ for compliance (performance based)
Alternative – Address Code Requirements
Alternative - Pro’s/Con’s
Con’s1. Area and height are restricted
2. Compartmentation
3. Travel Distances reduced
4. Increased fire-resistive ratings
5. Increase Cost
Pro’s
1. Compartmentation
2. Travel Distances reduced
3. Increased fire-resistive ratings
4. Decrease Cost
1. Can lead to a more restrictive design
2. Less flexible
3. Can enhance life safety of the building Contains (areas, fire, smoke, etc.)
Greater number of egress
Alternative - Impact on Life Safety
1. Can be more expensesa. Greater use of fire rated materials, seals, separations
2. Can be less expensesa. Material may already being used – natural extension
3. All depends, each project is unique.
Alternative – Cost Implications
Examples
Mixed Occupancy
Educational
Storage
Industrial / Processing
Hazardous
Mixed OccupancyS, F, and B
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
KEY FEATURES Occupancies non-
separated Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants High Occupancy Non-Combustibles Fire Suppression System Automatic Fire Detection
System
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
E Occupancy
57,750 sf Addition
37,700 sf Addition
107,900 sf Existing
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
KEY FEATURES Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants High Occupancy Non-Combustibles Fire Suppression System Automatic Fire Detection
System
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
Mixed Occupancy
S-2Type V-BNon-Sprinkled
KEY FEATURES Occupancies separated Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency
plan Automatic Fire
Detection System NFPA 704 Signage
H-4Type V-BNon-Sprinkled
BType V-BNon-Sprinkled
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
KEY FEATURES Occupancies separated Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency
plan Automatic Fire
Detection System NFPA 704 Signage
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
H-4KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy No water Source Owner would like to not
sprinkler system - cost Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Sprinkling creates
greater hazard Written emergency plan Automatic Fire Detection
System NFPA 704 Signage Continuous Ventilation
H-4Type II-BNon-Sprinkled
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code
H-4KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy No water Source Owner would like to not
sprinkler system - cost Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Automatic Fire Detection
System NFPA 704 Signage Continuous Ventilation Building Accessible
H-4Type II-BNon-Sprinkled
Materials - Toxic, Corrosives
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
Mixed Occupancy: S, F, B, A 3-Hr Fire Wall
Exit
SYMBOL KEYKEY FEATURES No Code Authority -
State Expansion of existing Mixed Occupancy No water Source Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost Owner would like no fire
walls or barriers Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Automatic Fire Detection
System
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
Multiple Occupancies: S-1, F-1Existing Building
KEY FEATURES Existing Building Township annex by City. City Jurisdiction Multiple Occupancies Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrant loop road Multiple stand pipes Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan All non-combustible
construction – concrete, precast, and masonry
S-1Type II-BNon-Sprinkled
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
Multiple Occupancies: S-1, F-1KEY FEATURES Existing Building Township annex by City. City Jurisdiction Multiple Occupancies Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan All non-combustible
construction – concrete, precast, and masonry
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
S-1
S-1
F-1
H-2
F-1
Sprinkled
Sprinkled
Sprinkled
Alternative System
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Multiple Occupancies Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrants loop road Written emergency plan
Multiple Occupancy Groups
S-1/B
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
S-1KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” heightS-1Type II-BNon-Sprinkled CONCEPTS
Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
S-1
S-1Type II-BNon-Sprinkled
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
F-1
F-1Type II-BSprinkled
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
F-1
F-1Type II-BSprinkled
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
F-1
F-1Type II-BSprinkled
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
H-21. How address code
requirements2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
H-2
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
H-2
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
S-1F-1
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
S-1F-1
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes Area larger than
allowable 76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
B / S1 1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
KEY FEATURES State Jurisdiction Single Occupancy Owner would like to not
sprinkler system – cost, non-heated building
Open all sides w/Fire Access Road
Fire Hydrant loop road Low Occupancy - 3 Non-Combustibles Written emergency plan Manual Pull Stations w/
horns and strobes
Area larger than allowable
76’-0” height
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
B / S1
Soybean Flour Processing Expansion
Soybean Flour Processing Expansion
Conditions• Existing facility expansion• Mixed occupancy (S, F, B, A)• Owner desired not to sprinkler
KEY FEATURES Occupancies separated Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency
plan Automatic Fire
Detection System NFPA 704 Signage
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
Soybean Flour Processing Expansion
3-hr wall4-hr wall
1-hr wall
KEY FEATURES Compartmental Occupancies separated Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants Non-Combustibles Written emergency
plan Automatic Fire
Detection System
Exit
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
Feed Mill
1-hr wall
3-hr wall
F1 S1
H2
S1
B B
MAIN LEVEL
KEY FEATURES Occupancies separated Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency
plan Automatic Fire
Detection System NFPA 704 Signage
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
Exit
1. How address code requirements
2. Pro’s/Con’s3. Impact on bldg life
safety4. Cost Implications
Feed Mill
1-hr wall
3-hr wall
PIT
F1
KEY FEATURES Occupancies separated Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency
plan Automatic Fire
Detection System NFPA 704 Signage
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
Exit
Feed Mill
1-hr wall3-hr wall
MEZZANINE
F1 S1
KEY FEATURES Occupancies separated Open all sides w/Fire
Access Road Fire Hydrants Low Occupancy Non-Combustibles Written emergency
plan Automatic Fire
Detection System NFPA 704 Signage
CONCEPTS Location Compartmentation Types of Occupancy Fuel Load Construction Types Direct involvement of AHJ Knowing the code Fire Hydrants/standpipes
Exit
Summary
1. Risk Assessmenta. Type of Occupancy / Useb. Number of Occupantsc. Pose more serious risk or hazardd. Undesirable spacese. Material in the building
i. Burn Characteristicsii. Fuel Loadiii. High Pile Storage
f. Size of the facility, both in area and height2. Location of the facility3. Compartmentation4. Direct involvement of AHJ5. Passive vs Active vs Hybrid system
Must reads…
IBC
Chapter 1 Section 107 Submittal Docs
Chapter 3 Use & Occupancy Classification
Chapter 5 Building Heights & Area
Chapter 6 Types of Construction
Chapter 7 Fire & Smoke Prevention Systems
Chapter 9 Fire Protections Systems
Chapter 10 Means of Egress
IFC
Chapter 32 High Piled Combustible Storage
Chapter 50 Hazardous Materials
Chapter 57 Flammable and combustible
Liquids
Questions
I will be available for questions following the presentation
A PDF copy of the presentation available through AIA-MN or you can email me and I will provide you with one
I can be reached at dselinsky@vaaeng.com
top related