dyneema in aquaculture

Nets that provide a safer place to growHow Dyneema® fibers can help you grow andprotect your business

ContentContent

• Trust your business – and your future – to the world’sstrongest fiber

• Nets that reduce the percentage of escapes

• Improved cage performance for healthier growth

• Nets that cut the cost of doing business

• A different fiber for new challenges

• Background about the fiber

• DSM and DSM Dyneema

• Our value proposition

Trust your business – and your future –to the world’s strongest fiber

The worldThe world’’s strongest fibers strongest fiber

Dyneema® fiber is:– 15 times stronger than steel

– 4 to 5 times stronger than polyamide

– Lighter than water

– Extremely durable

So it can:– Stop bullets

– Pull oil tankers

– Serve as orthopedic suture

History in Commercial FishingHistory in Commercial Fishing

• Dyneema® has been in use in commercial fishing applications formany years such as trawl nets and many rope applications

• In aquaculture, many nets made with Dyneema® have been in thewater globally for many years

• In Hawaii one fish farmer is already using the same net since 1998,and is currently expanding

• In the Mediterranean, Dyneema® has become the standard materialfor bity fish such as sea bream

• In the Nordic, cod farming seems only possible with nets made ofDyneema® fiber, since the use of other materials can lead tosignificant fish escapes (up to 40%)

Approach to aquacultureApproach to aquaculture

• We have a dedicated, experienced team

• We know the industry

• We collaborate with key – hi tech players

• We have developed a System Cost Analysis tool to help youdetermine your benefits

• We provide technical support by means of our own technical facilitiesas well as by collaborating with international institutes andorganizations

Nets that reduce the percentageof escapes

Very tough exceptional bite resistanceVery tough exceptional bite resistance

• Dyneema® fibers can resist almost any attack by biting fish

• With regular nylon nets, fish escapes up to 40% have been reported !

• Imagine 40% of your fish are lost after 9 months growth....

• Extreme bite resistance is illustrated by the popularity among cod and seabream farmers; fish well-known for their bites

• Some fish farmers feel confident enough to lower diving inspections

• Some insurance companies lower their premiums for cod farmers, when theyuse nets made with Dyneema®

• Bite resistance is illustrated by the fact that Dyneema® fibers are also used incut resistance gloves

Escapes: a simple calculationEscapes: a simple calculation

• 90 meter circular cage, 15 meters deep

• volume: 10000 m3

• fish (mt): 200.000 kg (at 20 kg/m3)

• value (4 $/kg): 800.000 $

• Imagine losing only 10%, representing 80.000 $...

Improved cage performancefor healthier growth

Healthier fish environmentHealthier fish environment

• The strength of the Dyneema® fibers, enables much smaller twinescompared to traditional materials – for equal strength

• Smaller twines, mean less surface for fouling to grow on

• Smaller twines also increase water flow through the cage, improvingthe water exchange and available oxygen

• Smaller twines mean better shape stability of the nets, therefore lessstressed fish, and thus better growth and lower mortalities

• Imagine, harvesting only 2% more fish...

• ...this would be about >16.000 $...in one cage...

Simulations of cage behaviorSimulations of cage behavior

• Simulations comparing nets made with nylon and Dyneema® fiber, wereperformed by Aquastructures AS (Norway, www.aquastructures.no)

• Set up:– net breaking force of 95 kg

– 45 mm full mesh

– 90 meter circumference and square steel cages

– weights: 35 kg/m

• Simulations to compare:– strain on the mooring/cage system

– tensions in the netting

– shape stability of the netting

Residual cage volume at 0.3 m/sResidual cage volume at 0.3 m/s

Dyneema® Polyamide95% residual volume 82% residual volume

Residual cage volume at 0.7 m/sResidual cage volume at 0.7 m/s

Dyneema® Polyamide

54% residual volume 34% residual volume

Summary of residual volumesSummary of residual volumes

34540.7

52740.5

82950.3

PolyamideDyneema®Water Current (m/s)

Forces in the cagesForces in the cages

Dyneema® Polyamide

35 Newton 85 Newton

•Conclusion:• Forces on the cage system are higher with nets made from

nylon fiber, therefore it is likely that fatigue occurs sooner

Nets that cut the cost of doing business

Save on maintenanceSave on maintenance

• Experience from trawling shows up to 3 times longer lifetime thanother materials

• Dyneema® fibers outperform other materials with respect to:

– abrasion resistance

– tension fatigue

– UV resistance

• Service life of netting expected to be significantly longer thantraditional materials

Weight of the nettingWeight of the netting

• Dyneema® fibers are 4 to 5 times stronger than nylon

• This creates several options for the fish farmer:

– Much lighter for equal strength, weights can be as low as 35% ofthe weight, for equal size

– A much larger net for equal weight

– A much stronger net for equal weight

• In addition, Dyneema® does not absorb water and does not shrink

• Less weight also means less antifouling usage

• Less weight increases safety during handling

Many opportunitiesMany opportunities• The Dyneema® fiber properties, provide many opportunities for reducing

operational cost

• Benefits taken into acount:– less fish escapes

– reduced antifouling cost

– reduced maintenance cost

– reduced diving inspections

– increased fish health

– lower insurance premiums

• Together with the fish farmers, we determine the benefits nets made ofDyneema® can bring you

• System cost analysis tool: Operating cost are taking into acount versus initialinvestment

System cost analysis toolSystem cost analysis toolexample

A different fiber for new challenges

New industry challengesNew industry challenges

• Moving to exposed sites and offshore locations– Dyneema® fibers are very well suited for fish farming in exposed

sites

• Bigger is better...and easier– Dyneema® fibers allow you to install larger cages, without the

need for additional handling equipment

• Endless opportunities with a long history of reliability,turning properties into profitabilities for the end user

Putting DyneemaPutting Dyneema®® to the testto the test

• DSM Dyneema is constantly looking for new applications andimprovements of the current product portfolio

• Please get in touch with your challenge !

DSM DyneemaMauritslaan 49, UrmondPO Box 1163, 6160 BD GeleenThe Netherlands

www.dyneema.comwww.commercialfishing.dyneema.come-mail: cminfo.dyneema@dsm.com

Background about the fiber

Free breaking length (km)

Polyester/nylon

Dyneema®

Aramid

Carbon fiber

Glass

Steel 25

85135

235

195

400

The WorldThe World’’s Strongest Fibers Strongest Fiber

Chemical resistanceChemical resistance

• Dyneema® fibers are not affected by sea water

• Nylon looses up to 15% of its strength and can becomestiff during use in wet applications

• Dyneema® fibers are resistant to most commonchemicals such as acids and bases as well as organics

Our value proposition

Values beyond strengthValues beyond strength

• Dyneema®, the world’s strongest fiber, provides many benefits andopportunities for the fish farming industry

• Containment nets made with Dyneema® will help reduce yourmaintenance cost, and provide a safer and healthier environment forthe fish to grow

• Predator nets made with Dyneema® will provide increased biteresistance and increased safety against predators

• Nets made with Dyneema® fibers, help you be prepared for futurechallenges

• We work together with customer and fish farmers to provide the bestsolution for their specific situation

DisclaimerDisclaimer

This presentation is intended to give general information only on thecharacteristics of Dyneema® products. Purchases of Dyneema® productsshould be made only after a thorough assessment of particular needs andsuitability of a particular Dyneema® product with the assistance of aprofessional. Dyneema® products are sold only under contracts containingspecific product specifications

Dyneema® is a registered trademark of Royal DSM N.V.