early traditions and history

Fire and Emergency Services Orientation and

Terminology5th Edition

Chapter 3 — Early Traditions and History

Learning Objective 1

Describe the early history of fire services.

3–2

The earliest firefighters were servants who protected Rome.

3–3

The first fire pump was described around the Third Century BCE.

3–4

REVIEW QUESTION

What was probably one of the first pieces of fire equipment to be invented?

3–5

Several laws were passed in an attempt to prevent fires.

3–6

London passed a law requiring hooks to pull down the house to create a fire break.

3-7

During the 17th century, there were several causes of fire in England.

3–8

Britain’s first fire brigades only responded to buildings displaying their company’s mark.

3–9

Richard Newsham developed one of the first fire engines in 1721.

3–10

Courtesy of Fireman’s Hall Museum

REVIEW QUESTION

How did the invention of the fire engine help lead to the formation of early fire departments?

3–11

Discuss fire protection in early America.

Learning Objective 3

3–12

The settlement of Jamestown led to the formation of bucket brigades.

3–13

In the early 1600s, fire wardens provided fire protection.

3–14

Fire masters were established in New Amsterdam in 1647.

3–15

Today’s fire departments began as mutual fire societies and volunteer fire companies.

3–16

REVIEW QUESTION

What was the first city in the United States to have a fire department?

3–17

Early insurance companies insured against fires as well as responded to them.

3–18

Describe early American fire equipment.

Learning Objective 3

3–19

Thomas Lote manufactured the first fire engine in America in 1743.

3–20

New York-style hand engines replaced antiquated machines.

3–21

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Piano-type engines included permanent attachment of suction hose.

3–22

Manufacturers all over America were soon developing engines.

3–23

Hand engines improved greatly over time.

3–24

Fire extinguishers have evolved through the years.

3–25

Public communication has evolved along with emergency response services.

3–26

REVIEW QUESTION

What effect has developing technology had on emergency notification systems?

3–27

Explain how the growth of the volunteer fire service affects modern-day fire and emergency services.

Learning Objective 4

3–28

Volunteer fire fighting spread after the Revolutionary War.

3–29

The first hose company was created in Philadelphia.

3–30

Describe how the age of steam affects modern-day fire and emergency services.

Learning Objective 5

3–31

The steam engine led to the end of the hand-operated machine.

3–32

Courtesy of Nethercutt Collection

Steam engines were pulled by a team of two horses.

3–33

Identify key developments from the chemical engine and early ladder trucks that are still used in modern-day fire and emergency services.

Learning Objective 6

3–34

Chemical engines carried tanks of soda and a carbonic acid preparation.

3–35

Ladder companies transported ladders, ropes, hooks, and other equipment.

3–36

Tell how improvements to protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) impact modern-day fire practices.

Learning Objective 7

3–37

Improvements have been made to helmets and protective clothing.

3–38

The creation of SCBA dates back to as early as 1795.

3–39

The increasing use of SCBA has caused technological changes.

3–40

REVIEW QUESTION

How have improvements to protective clothing affected modern fire fighting practices?

3–41

Indicate how developments in gasoline- and diesel-powered equipment has changed modern-day fire practices.

Learning Objective 8

3–42

The transfer to gasoline-powered engines was gradual.

3–43

Courtesy of Ron Jeffers

Explain how the modern-day philosophy of public safety is impacted by historic fires in North America.

Learning Objective 9

3–44

Historic fires had a great impact on public safety in North America.

3–45

Explain how the modern-day philosophy of firefighter safety is impacted by historic fires in North America.

Learning Objective 10

3–46

Firefighter safety has been greatly impacted by several historic fires in North America.

3–47

Several changes have reduced firefighter deaths and injuries.

3–48

REVIEW QUESTION

How have past tragedies influenced the fields of fire protection and code enforcement today?

3–49

Summary

• The fire service has grown and changed greatly, but its mission remains the same: To protect lives and property of citizens.

• The role of the fire department has grown dramatically, and great changes have been made in the ways firefighters operate at the emergency scene.

3–50