electric battery powered cars
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Electric Battery Powered Cars
Shadrack KiratuRushal RegeJonathan YuDavid Zhang
GE WattStation
Is the wait over?
Overview
• History• Current technologies• Advantages• Limitations• Future developments
History of Electric Cars
• First built in 1834
• Lost popularity in the 1920s since gasoline was more practical
• Renewed interest due to alternative energy
Current Technologies• Two Types of Motors
•AC•DC
• Two Types of Batteries•Lithium Ion•GEL
• Cars currently/soon to be on the market – Nissan Leaf, Mini E, Tesla Roadster
• Concepts by major manufacturers/small startups
• Important specifications and statistics to consider are range, top speed, charge time, motor type, and battery type.
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AC
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DC
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Lithium Ion Battery
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Nissan Leaf• Mid-size 5 passenger sedan
• 100 miles per charge
• Top speed: 90 mph
• Weight: 3366 lbs
• Charge time ranges from 7hrs(240V/48A) to 20 hrs(110V/12A)
• 80 kW AC synchronous motor
• 24 kWh lithium-ion battery, air cooled
MINI E• 2 Passenger Compact Vehicle
• 156 miles per charge(ideal conditions)
• Top speed -95mph
• Weight- 3230 lbs
• Charge time ranges from 3hrs(240V/48A) to 26.5 hrs(110V/12A)
• 150 kW AC Synchronous Motor
• Battery- 30 kWh Lithium ion, air cooled (replaces the back seat)
Tesla Roadster• High-performance
two-passenger sports car
• 245 mile range per charge
• 0-60 in 3.9 seconds, top speed 135mph
• Weight - 2700 lbs
• Charge time 3.5hrs(220V/80A), 32.1hrs(110V/15A)
• 185 kW AC Synchronous Motor
• Battery- 56 kWh Lithium ion, air cooled
Advantages of Electric Cars
Mechanical:
• EVs start far more easily and reliably than gas powered cars and produce less noise
• Electric motors require far less maintenance than gasoline engines
• Low operating cost despite higher initial cost
Advantages of Electric Cars
Environmental:
• Electricity can come from renewable sources such as wind, hydro, solar, etc.
• EVs waste far less energy through heat loss than do gasoline cars.
Limitations of EV Batteries• Expensive
• Heavy
• Slow to recharge
• Limited range
• Limited lifespanLithium Ion Battery used by Tesla Motors
GEL Battery (Lead Based Battery)
Limitations of EV's in General
• Pollution from certain sources of energy such as coal
• Reduced power output.
• Decreased functionality.
• Stations to recharge the batteries need to be built to replace gas stations.
Developing technologies.
• Tin-sulfur-lithium-ion battery
• New carbon fiber weave technology
• Improved regenerative braking
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Tin-Sulfur-Lithium Ion Battery
• Lithium Sulfide is split into sulfur and lithium ions, releasing electrons
• Lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte membrane.
• Lithium takes up electrons and are bound into an alloy by tin.
• Batteries have a specific energy of 1100 W h/kg as opposed to 350 W h/kg for lithium sulfur battery.
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Carbon Fiber Technology• Carbon fiber is 30% lighter than aluminium and
50% lighter than steel.
• Carbon fibre young’s modulus- 234-390 GPa. Steel is about 200.
• Present application- Formula 1 chassis and actual wheels made out of carbon fiber.
• Doesn’t rust but can’t be recycled.
• Preliminary test show that it could be used to make composites but with reduced strength
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Regenerative BrakingUsed in conjuction with the manual braking system
Kinetic Energy converted to Electrical energy then into Chemical Energy.
Energy recovered through regen is about 10-25% of that used to power the car.
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Conclusion
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Works cited.
Coholan, Kasey. "RECHARGING THE ELECTRIC CAR." Canadian Business 83.18 (2010): 26.Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.
Dumaine, Brian. "CHINA CHARGES into ELECTRIC CARS." Fortune 162.7 (2010): 138-148.Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.
Haldis, Peter, and Jack Peckham. "Faster-Recharge Scheme Unveiled for Electric Cars." GlobalRefining & Fuels Today 1.83 (2009): 1. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov, 2010.
Mraz, Stephen J. "Are hub motors ready for electric cars?." Machine Design 82.13 (2010):38-41. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.
Ohnsman, Alan. "Mapping Out an Electric-Car Future." BusinessWeek.com (2010): 10. Business
Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.
Welch, David. "Electric Cars: Emission-Free, Not Problem-Free." BusinessWeek Online (2009): 5.Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.
Yuill, Mathieu. "Electric cars are back." Backbone (2010): 32-34. Business Source Complete.EBSCO. Web. 22 Nov. 2010.
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