elt testing and assessment session 3 today: 1. article discussion 2. practical steps for test...
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ELT Testing and ELT Testing and AssessmentAssessment
Session 3
Today:1.Article Discussion2.Practical Steps for Test Construction3.Intro to Scoring, Grading and Feedback
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Practical Steps to Practical Steps to Test ConstructionTest Construction
1.Assessing Clear, Unambiguous Objectives
2.Drawing Up Test Specifications3.Devising Test Tasks4.Designing Multiple-Choice Test
Items
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1. Assessing Clear, 1. Assessing Clear, Unambiguous ObjectivesUnambiguous ObjectivesWhat is it you want to test?Ask yourself:
◦What should Ss know?◦What should Ss be able to do?
Answers should be stated as overt performance within a clear target linguistic domain
Ideally, these should be the objectives for the lesson/unit/course you are testing.
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OBJECTIVES FOR LOW-INTERMEDIATE INTEGRATED COURSE
Form-focused objectives (listening & speaking) – Students will:
1. Recognize and produce tag questions, with the correct grammatical form and final intonation pattern, in simple social conversations
2. Recognize and produce wh-information questions with correct final intonation pattern and appropriate answers
Communication skills (speaking) – Students will:
3. State completed actions and events in a social conversation
4. Ask for confirmation in a social conversation
5. Give opinions about an event in a social conversation
6. Produce language with contextually appropriate intonation, stress and rhythm
Reading skills (simple essay or story) – Students will:
7. Recognize irregular past tense of selected verbs in a story or essay
Writing skills (simple essay or story) – Students will:
8. Write a one-paragraph story about a simple event in the past
9. Use conjunctions so and because in a statement of opinion4
2. Test Specs should 2. Test Specs should include:include:a. Outline of test (what, when/how
long, generally how)b. Skills to be included c. Item types and tasks
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TASK: Create Test Specs for TASK: Create Test Specs for a mid-term test for coursea mid-term test for courseUsing objectives on slide 4You have 12 studentsYou have 30 minutes scheduled for
the testBut you also can incorporate some
form of assessment into the preceding class if you want
You need to test all skills
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Ways to elicit responses Ways to elicit responses ……
Elicitation mode:
Oral (S listens) Written (S reads)
Word, pair of wordsSentence(s), question DirectionsMonologue, speechPre-recorded conversationInteractive (live) dialogue
Word, set of wordsSentence(2), questionDirectionsParagraphEssay, excerptShort story, book
Response mode:
Oral (for either oral or written elicitation)
Written (for either oral or written elicitation)
RepeatRead aloudYes/noShort responseDescribeRole playMonologue (speech)Interactive dialogue
Mark multiple-choice optionFill in the blankSpell a wordDefine a term (with a phrase)Short answer (2-3 sentences)essay 7
TASK: test specs outline…TASK: test specs outline…Speaking (time)
◦ Format:◦ Task:
Listening (time)◦ Format:◦ Task
Reading (time)◦ Format:◦ Task:
Writing (time)◦ Format:◦ Task:
Should cover:- Topics (objectives)- Implied elicitation and
response formats- Number of items in
each section- Time to be allocated for
each
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What do you think of this What do you think of this outline?outline?
Speaking (5 minutes / person; previous day)◦ Format: oral interview, T and S◦ Task: T asks questions of S (Obj 3, 5; emphasis on
6) Listening (10 minutes)
◦ Format: T makes audiotape in advance, w one other voice on it
◦ Task: a. 5 minimal pair items; m-c (Obj 1) b. 5 interpretation items, m-c (Obj 2)
Reading (10 minutes)◦ Format: cloze test items (10 total) in storyline◦ Task: Fill in the blanks (Obj 7)
Writing (10 minutes)◦ Format: prompt for a topic about sitcom seen in
class◦ Task: writing a short opinion paragraph (Obj 9)
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3. Devising Test Tasks 3. Devising Test Tasks Sample: test item – 1st draft – Listening, part bDirections: Listen to the question [on the tape].
Choose the sentence on your test page that is the best answer to the question:
Voice: Where did George go after the party last night?
S reads: a. Yes, he did.b. Because he was tired.c. To Elaine’s place for another party.d. He went home around eleven o’clock.
QUESTION: Any problem with this?10
As you revise your test draft As you revise your test draft – ask yourself:– ask yourself:
Are the directions to each section absolutely clear? Is there an example item for each section?Does each item measure a specified objective? Is each item stated in clear, simple language?Does each m-c item have appropriate distractors? Is the difficulty of each item appropriate for your
students? Is the language of each item sufficiently authentic?Do the sum of the items and the test as a whole
adequately reflect the learning objectives?
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4. More on M-C Test Items4. More on M-C Test ItemsCons?
◦ Tests only recognition knowledge
◦ Guessing has effect on grades
◦ Restricts what can be tested
◦ Difficult to write good items
◦ Washback may be harmful
◦ Cheating easier
Pros?◦ Practicality◦ Reliability
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M-C TerminologyM-C TerminologyM-C items are all receptive
(selective) response items (t-t chooses from set)
Stem = stimulusOptions/alternatives = answer
choices (typically 3-5)Key = correct answerDistractors = incorrect answers
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What’s wrong with these What’s wrong with these tasks?tasks?
Excuse me, do you know ___?a.where is the post officeb.where the post office isc.where post office is
(Remember: task should be focused on specific learning objective)
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How can we improve this?How can we improve this?
My eyesight has really been deteriorating lately. I wonder if I need glasses. I think I’d better go to the ____ to have my eyes checked.
a.pediatricianb.dermatologistc.optometrist
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How can this task be How can this task be better?better?We went to visit the temples, ____
fascinating.a.which were beautifulb.which were especiallyc.which were holy
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““Biased for best”Biased for best”Goal: to assure Ss have
opportunity to perform at highest personal level on test◦T. provides appropriate review◦T. suggests appropriate preparation
and test-taking strategies◦T. structures test so stronger Ss are
challenged and weaker Ss do not feel defeated/overwhelmed
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Item Indices – Item Indices – used to accept, used to accept, discard or revise items (after trialing or discard or revise items (after trialing or using the test)using the test)1. Item Facility – extent to which an
item is easy or difficult for proposed group
# of Ss answering the item correctly___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Total # of Ss responding to that item
Example: IF = 13/20 = .65 or 65%Range of .15 to .85 acceptable
QUESTION: Why would you want to include questions at either end of the spectrum in your test? 18
2. Item Discrimination – the extent to which an item differentiates between high- and low-ability test-takers
Divide t-t into 3 groups (high, middle, low)
Example: 30 students – 3 groups of 10
high-group # correct – low group # correct_____________________________________________________________________________________
½ x total of your two comparison groups
ID= 7 -2 / ½ x 20 = 5/10 = .50
This is a moderate ID
(high ID would be close to 1.0)
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For item indices, large-scale For item indices, large-scale tests use…tests use…
IRT – item response theory
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For every-day classroom For every-day classroom testing, teachers use…testing, teachers use…
intuition
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Distractor efficiency = extent to which a) distractors “lure” t-ts and
b) responses are evenly distributed among all distractors
Choices A B C* D EHigh Ss (10) 0 1 7 0 2Low Ss (10) 3 5 2 0 0
QUESTION: What do we learn about D and E?
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Scoring – Scoring – Weight:Weight:
Oral interview 40%4 scores, 5-1 range x 2 = 40 points
Listening 20%10 items @ 2 pts/each = 20 points
Reading 20%10 items @ 2 pts/each = 20 points
Writing 20%2 scores, 5-1 range x 2 = 20 points
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Grading – take into Grading – take into account:account:Country, culture, context of this
English classroomInstitutional expectations (often
unwritten)Explicit and implicit definitions of
grades that you have establishedRelationship you have established
with students/classStudent expectations engendered in
previous tests and quizzes
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FeedbackFeedbackLetter gradeTotal scoreSubscoresRight/Wrong indicationMarginal commentsChecklist of areas needing workOral feedback after interviewSelf-assessmentPeer checkingWhole class discussion Individual post-test conference
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