energy conservation through human behavior change...sep 02, 2019  · commercial / public services...

Energy Conservation through Human Behaviour Change

Nimal PereraPast President / Director

Sri Lanka Energy Managers Association (SLEMA)Consultant

Energy, Environment, Climate change and sustainable Productivity

SAARK Workshop on“Techniques on Energy Conservation and Efficiency in Buildings”

Hotel Heritance Kandalama, Dambulla, Sri Lanka26 - 28 August 2019

Behaviors and behavioral science• Behaviours

• Way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards surrounding environment.

• Way in which an animal or person behaves in response to a particular situation or stimulus or environmental situation

• Way in which a machine or natural phenomenon works or functions• Ex. Natural / Environmental behaviours

• Behavioral science• The scientific study on behaviours of living beings including human and

animal

• Include psychology, psychobiology, anthropology, and cognitive science.

• Generally, behavior science deals primarily with human action and often seeks to generalize about human behavior as it relates to society

C

C

C

C

C

Sugar / Glucose Solar energy converted to

chemical energy

Starch

CelluloseLigno-cellulose

Sun, Bio photocells andEnergy storages

O C O

Types of human behaviours• Conscious

• State of awareness of thoughts, feelings, perception and what is happening in the environment

• Unconscious• Opposite of conscious / without aware or conscious

• Overt• open to public observation

• Covert• Unseen objects such as thoughts, feelings or responses which are easily not seen

• Rational• Pertaining to reason, influenced or guided by reason rather than emotion

• Irrational• Illogical

• Voluntary• Doing something against your will, action made without intent of carried out despite an attempt

to prevent them

• Simple• Living with minimal satisfaction Ex; what you see is what you get

• Complex• Compound complicated behaviours. Ex; Drug addicted

Types of human behaviours• Conscious

• State of awareness of thoughts, feelings, perception and what is happening in the environment

• Unconscious• Opposite of conscious / without aware or conscious

• Overt• open to public observation

• Covert• Unseen objects such as thoughts, feelings or responses which are easily not seen

• Rational• Pertaining to reason, influenced or guided by reason rather than emotion

• Irrational• Illogical

• Voluntary• Doing something against your will, action made without intent of carried out despite an attempt

to prevent them

• Simple• Living with minimal satisfaction Ex; what you see is what you get

• Complex• Compound complicated behaviours. Ex; Drug addicted

Conservation• Prevention of wasteful use of a resource

• The principle by which the total value of a physical quantity or parameter of a particular resource remains constant in a system which is not subject to external influence but will have a usefulness of particular this resource through a socio – economical perspective

• Energy conservation with • Consciously,

• Overtly,

• Rationally,

• Voluntarily

• Simple

Daily national electricity demand / load curvewith behavioral patterns

Behavioral change and Electricity Demand Profile change

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2014 2013 2012 2010 2007 2005 2003 2000

Energy conservation

Energy waste

BehavioursHuman

Sustainability Unsustainability

Constructive Destructive

18

MilestonePer capita daily energy consumption (Thousand kilo Calories)

Preparing food Agriculture Industries Transport Total

Information Age – 245 * 103 Kilo Calories

Early Human – Homo erectus (~ million years before) 2 2

Hunting Human (100 thousand years before) 3 2 5

Early agricultural age Human (around 5000 BC) 4 4 4 12

Agricultural Industrialist (around 1400 AD) 6 12 7 1 26

Industrialist (from 1875 AD) 7 32 24 14 77

Modern Man (from 1970 AD) 10 66 91 63 230

Global human energy consumption

Source: Arstechnica.com

Human population?

Decade % increase in Energy Vs. Human Population Change

Source: Our finite world

Global per capita Energy consumption Vs. CO2

Source: Our finite world

Strong need in human behavioral change in human energy consumption patterns

World Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by sector or source - 2014

Electricity & Heat

Production49%

Transport20%

Manufacturing & construction

20%

Residential buildings &

Commercial / public services

9%

Other sectors2%

Increasing Challenge of climate change

Warming planet

Need for a sustainable lifestyle• Sustainable living is

fundamentally the application of sustainability to lifestyle choice and decisions

• Living with balanced triple-bottom-lines

• Meeting present ecological, societal, and economical needs without compromising same factors for future generations

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

“through energy perspective”▪ Dimensions

28

!

Appliances, materials, services etc. that use energy efficiently

Systems that cansupport the achievementof energy efficiency goals

Personal values, attitudes and practices of individuals that impact on energy use

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ Key behaviours for a sustainable lifestyle

❑ Greening the home (retrofitting)

❑ Lifecycle perspective

❑ Using energy (and other utilities) wisely

❑ Extending the life of things (to minimize waste)

❑ Managing cooking and a sustainable & healthier diet

❑ Choosing eco-products & services

❑ Travelling sustainably

❑ Setting up & using resources in the community

❑ Using & futureproofing outdoor spaces

❑ Being part of improving the environment

29

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ Decisive Choices

❑ Example: Choice of food

30

Energy required to produce 1kg

Corn

Milk

Apples

Eggs

Chicken

Cheese

Beef

Pork

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ Decisive Choices

❑ Example: Choice of food

31

Liters of water required to produce 1kg

Food TypeLC Water requirement

(liters/kg)

Potatoes 500

Wheat 900

Sorghum 1100

Maize 1400

Rice 1900

Soya beans 2000

Chicken 3500

Beef 50,000

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ Decisive Choices

❑ Example: Choice of food

32

Per Capita Meat Consumption vs GNI/capita/yr

America

England

Brazil

China

India

0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

140

120

100

80

60

40

0

20

GNI/capita/yr

Meat

co

nsu

mp

tio

n/c

ap

ita/y

r More

development

More meat !

Why not

this?

Less meat, Less Emissions!!

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ Decisive Choices

❑ Example: Choice of energy

33

Carbon Intensity of Energy Sources

LC GHG Emissions (tCO2e/GWh)

En

erg

y R

eso

urc

e

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

ÄGn û T

g L a ³ r #

@wL

Sv `X ì̀ k v `ý v

å Ry @k ~;

ù w`py

» v \ Kñ y

pr m̀È k b l y

j l ì ÚÄy

ä l A

h Ýw`g r̀ v `ý ì @m~c n y [tCO2e/GWh]

w`K

;z

y

Wind

Hydro

Nuclear

Bioenergy

Geo-thermal

Solar PV

Coal

Oil

Lignite

NG

Fossils

Renewables

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ Decisive Choices

❑ Example: Choice of water resource

34

Energy requirement for water supply

Lake or river: 0.37 kWh/m3

Ground Water: 0.48 kWh/m3

Wastewater treatment: 0.62 – 0.87 kWh/m3

Seawater: 2.85 – 8.50 kWh/m3

Wastewater reuse: 1.0 – 2.5 kWh/m3

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ Decisive Choices

❑ Example: Choice of Transport

35

Energy requirement for passenger transportation

0.05 liter/passenger km

0.025 liter/passenger km

0.0025 liter/passenger km

0 liter/passenger km

0.008 liter/passenger km

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ Decisive Choices

❑ Example: Choice of Appliances

36

100 W 20 W 15 W

0 W

0 W

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

▪ KPI

❑ HH Energy Modesty Index

37

0

20

40

60

80

100ES1

ES2

ES3

ES4

ES5

ES6

ES7

ES8ES9

ES10

ES11

ES12

ES13

ES14

ES15

HH1

HH2

Energy Services

ES1: Lighting

ES2: Refrigeration

ES3: Ironing

ES4: Cloth Washing

ES5: Food preparation

ES6: Cooking

ES7: Rice cooker / Oven / Microwave

ES8: Water Heating / boiling

ES9: Water pump

ES10: Ventilation and Air Conditioning

ES11: Mobile Charger / CDMA

ES12: Computer

ES13: TV

ES14: Cassette Recorder / Radio / DVD

ES15: Other equipment / Services

Need beyond triple bottom approach for human Behaviour change

Conscience

End of presentation