eng 102bcsummer day4
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Builds upon a summary
a formalized, critical reading of a passagethat includes a personal response
purpose is to turn a critical reading of apassage into a systematic evaluation to
deepen a readers understanding of thatpassage
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must determine what an author says
how well the points are made
what assumptions underlie the argument
what issues are overlooked, and whatimplication can be drawn from such ananalysis, statement and explanation ofpersonal assumptions
(opinions/responses)
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Begin by posing two broad questions aboutreadings:
To what extent does the author succeed inhis/her purpose?
To what extent do you agree with the
author?
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identify authors thesis
identify the selections content andstructure
identify the authors purpose.
authors purpose to inform, persuade,and/or entertain
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Reason an author writes something
To inform
To persuade
To entertain
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Is the information accurate?
Is the information significant? What canthe reader gain from this information? Howis knowledge advanced by thepublication of this material? Is the
information of importance to you or toothers in a particular audience? Why orwhy not?
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Does the author fairly interpret the factual
information? Could you offer a contraryexplanation for the same facts? Doesmore information need to be gatheredbefore firm conclusions can be drawn?Why?
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What is the authors assertion or thesis
statement? Is the authors argument valid? Does the
author use clearly defined key terms?Does the author use information fairly? Has
the author argued logically and notfallaciously?
Watch out for faulty thinking and logicalfallacies
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Which elements of the work seemedeffective/ineffective? Why? Offer an
overall assessment, elaborating onpersonal views. Did I care for the portrayal of a certain
character?
Did that character seem overly sentimentalor heroic?
Did his adversaries seem too villainous orstupid?
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Did his adversaries seem too villainous orstupid?
Were the situations believable?
Was the action interesting or merelyformulaic?
Was the theme developed subtly orpowerfully, or did the work come across as
preachy or shrill? Did the action at the end of the work follow
plausibly from what had come before?
Was the language fresh and incisive or stale
and predictable?
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To what extent do you agree with the author?
your assessment of the presentation may notcoincide with personal views: you may agree with the author but feel the
presentation is superficial
respond to authors main assertions(arguments)
identify points of agreement and
disagreement identify assumptions
Elaborate upon your opinion.WHY do youagree or disagree?
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The specific points are based upon thefollowing criteria:
Is the information accurate?
Is the information significant?
Has the author clearly defined terms?
Has the author used and interpretedinformation fairly? Has the author arguedlogically?
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Essay responds to the authors views
Essay discusses reasons for agreementand/or disagreement
Questions to answer include:
With which views do you agree? Why? With which views do you disagree? Why?
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Read the essay
Whats good?
Whats bad?
Whats missing?
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Homophones
Who/Whom
Prepositions Commonly abused words/phrases
Appropriate language, wordiness, exact
words
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Youre too big for your britches.
Theyre on their way there.
Please give me two dollars so that I can goto the store too.
If you go then, you will need more moneythan you currently possess.
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I love you. Subject is the person doing something
I am performing the love; therefore I am the
subject
Object is having something done to them
You are the object of my affection
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Use whowhen referring to the subject of aclause
Who loves you?
Use whomwhen referring to the object of aclause
Whom do you love?
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Him and whom both end with the letter m
When trying to choose between whoorwhom, ask if the answer to the question
would be heor him Who (or whom) do you love?
Answer is I love him, so whomis correct
Who (or whom) broke his heart?
Answer isShe broke his heart, so whoiscorrect
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1. ______ should we invite to the party?Whom
2. ______ wants ice cream?
Who
3. ____ do you trust?
Whom
4. For ______ the Bell Tolls
Whom5. ______ left the alligator in the backyard?
Who
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Preposition
indicates the relationship between thenoun or pronoun that follows it andanother word in the sentence
At, by, for, from, in, of, on, to , with
The road to the summit travels past cratersfrom an extinct volcano.
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Can you end a sentence with apreposition? Where are you at?
Where are you?
She displayed the good humor shes known for. She displayed the good humor for which she is
known.
I want to know where he came from.
I want to know from where he came.
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She is a person I cannot cope with.
She is a person with whom I cannot
cope.
If the restructured sentence soundscontrived and unnatural, simply rewrite thesentence:
It is behavior I will not put up with.
It is behavior up with which I will notput.
It is behavior I will not tolerate.
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Use each of these in a sentence:1. Literally2. its3.
Supposebly4. Cancelled5. Exceptable6. 360 degrees
7. I could care less8. Irregardless9. For all intensive purposes10. Sherbert
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http://youtu.be/0wtJwnO1Jc8
http://youtu.be/0wtJwnO1Jc8http://youtu.be/0wtJwnO1Jc8 -
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Affect
To influence (verb)Lack of sleep affects the quality of your
work.
EffectResult (noun)
The subtle effect of the lighting made theroom look ominous.
To accomplish (verb)
Can the university effect such a changewithout disrupting classes?
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***hint replace confused word with definition***
Affect = to influence / effect = result, toaccomplish
The arrows ____ the Aardvark.
affectedThe ____ was eye-popping.
effect
The sound ____ were amazing!
effectsThe rain had no ____ on Amys hairdo.
Effect (remember this is a noun)
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Affect can be used as a noun in psychology.
Psychologists know that one can never reallyunderstand what someone else is feeling;one can only know how they appearto befeeling.
She displayed a happy affect.
Effect can be used as a verb meaning to
bring about or to accomplish.Aardvark hoped to effect change within the
burrow.
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Lie/lying/lied
To tell a falsehoodI lied to my mother.Lie/lying/lay/lain To reclineI have a headache, so Im going to lie down for a while.
I lay on the bed because I was tired.He was lain in the grass.Lay/laying/laid/laid To put, to place
Lay down that shotgun!I laid the baby in her cradle.We have laid the dishes on the table.
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Lay is subject acting on an object
I lay down the book.
Lie is subject doing action
I lie down.
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The cat ___ in the mud after it rained
yesterday.
lay
Mary forcefully ___ her ring on the table.
laid
Dean has ___ on the floor for days.
lain
The cat has ___ in the mud for hours.
lain
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Lose
Opposite of win, to misplace
Dont lose your mind.
Loose
Not tight
The burglars pants were so loose that hecouldnt run faster than the cop.
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The hockey team doesnt want to __ the
game.
lose
The girl had such a bad sunburn that she
could only wear ___ clothes.loose
Set the dog ___.
loose
I always seem to ___ my keys.
lose
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A lot
Always leave a space
Alot
Isnt a word!!!!
You dont write alittle, abunch, acantaloupe, aporkchop, or alot.
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then
Used for time
First I stole a panda bear, then we drankmalt liquor together.
than
Used for comparison
Im much better at holding my liquor thana panda bear.
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It was dark, ___ there was a scream
then
Money is better ___ poverty, if only forfinancial reasons (Woody Allen)
than
Russia is even more spacious ___ Canada.
than
She used to holiday in Sri Lanka as it was ___known.
then
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Weather
Snow, rain, sunshine, typhoons Withstand, endure
In Ireland, you will experience multiple
types of weather everyday.
whether
Expressing a doubt or choice betweenalternatives
When I was in Ireland, I couldnt decidewhether to go home or stay.
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Sarah wants to know ___ the visit is still on
schedule.whether
I am going to the fair, ___ or not it is raining.
whetherWell anchor up, ___ the storm and then head
back to land.
weather
The sea will ___ that rope ion less than aweek.
weather
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a male sheep, especially a castrated ram
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Sit/sat/sitting
To be seated or come to a restingposition
I sat in my favorite chair.
Set/set/setting
To put or place
I set my glass on the table.
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***hintreplace set with put
We were surprised by the beautiful gift-wrapped package ___ on our bed.
setting
The flowers were ___ on the table and themens tuxes were draped over chairs.
setting
Suki ___ in her office and paints her nails.sits
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All ready
prepared
Dinner was all ready when the guestsarrived.
already
By this time
The ham was already burned when theguests arrived.
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Jillian is ___.
All ready
When they pulled the shark up in the net, itwas ___ dead.
already
It is ___ illegal to culture human-animalembryos for more than fourteen days.
already
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Apart
To be separated
My old car fell apart before we reachedCalifornia.
A part
To be joined with
A part of this plan involves rising at dawn.
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The rocks fell 30 feet ___.
apart
The whole room was silent ___ from Becky.
apart
Once we are ___ of this group, we must paydues.
a part
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Of
Coming from, caused by, part of agroup, made from (preposition)
The leader of the band played bass guitar
Have
To possess
I should have started studying earlier.
***it is NEVER should of, could of, would of
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http://www.uexpress.com/dearabby/2002/4/9
http://www.uexpress.com/dearabby/2002/4/9http://www.uexpress.com/dearabby/2002/4/9http://www.uexpress.com/dearabby/2002/4/9http://www.uexpress.com/dearabby/2002/4/9http://www.uexpress.com/dearabby/2002/4/9 -
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Watch the video clip
How are the rules for wordy sentences,
appropriate language, and exact wordsbroken?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFo -
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Eliminate redundancies
Daniel is now employed at a privaterehabilitation center working as aregistered physical therapist.
Daniel works at a private rehabilitationcenter as a registered physical therapist.
Sylvia very hurriedly scribbled her name,address, and phone number on a greasy
napkin.Sylvia scribbled her name, address, and
phone number on a greasy napkin.
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Avoid unnecessary repetition of words
Our fifth patient, in room six, is a mentally illpatient.
Our fifth patient, in room six, is mentally ill.
The best teachers help each studentbecome a better student bothacademically and emotionally.
The best teachers help each student growboth academically and emotionally.
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Cut empty or inflated phrases
Along the lines of...like As a matter of fact...in fact
At all times...always
At the present time...now, currently Because of the fact that...because
Due to the fact that...because
For the reason that...because In order to...to
In the final analysis...finally
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Simplify the structure especially by avoiding
be verbs and there is, are, was, wereInvestigators were involved in studying the
effect of classical music on unborn babies.
Investigators studied the effect of classicalmusic on unborn babies.
All too often, athletes with marginal academicskills have been recruited by our coaches.
All too often, our coaches have recruitedathletes with marginal academic skills.
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Reduce clauses to phrases and phrases to
single wordsWe took a side trip to Monticello, which was
the home of Thomas Jefferson.
We took a side trip to Monticello, the homeof Thomas Jefferson.
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Stay away from jargon
We outsourced the work to an outfit in Ohiobecause we didnt have the bandwidth to tackleit in-house.
We hired a company in Ohio because we had
too few employees to do the work.The CEO should dialogue with investors about
partnering with clients to purchase land ineconomically deprived zones.
The CEO should talk with investors aboutworking with clients to buy land in poorneighborhoods.
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Avoid pretentious language
Taylors employment of multihued means ofexpression draws back the curtains andlets slip the nostalgic vantage point from
which she observes American society aswell as her lack of comprehension ofeconomic realities.
Taylors use of colorful language reveals thatshe has a nostalgic view of Americansociety and does not understandeconomic realities.
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Avoid most euphemisms
Nice-sounding words or phrases substituted forwords thought to sound harsh or ugly Adult entertainment
Preowned automobile
Economically deprived Negative savings
Strategic withdrawal
Correctional facility
Revenue enhancers
Chemical dependency
Avoid doublespeak Deliberately evasive or deceptive language
Downsizing = firing employees
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Avoid sexist language Chairman
Fireman Mailman Mankind weatherman
When a student writes a paper, he must proofread
carefully.When a student writes a paper, he/she must
proofread carefully. Rather than use too many he/she his/her, use
pluralWhen students write their papers, they must
proofread carefully. Best to rewrite sentence to avoid problem
completely
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Revise language that may offend groups of
peopleNorth Dakota takes its name from the Indian
word meaning friend or ally.
North Dakota takes its name from the Lakotaword meaning friend or ally.
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Select words with appropriate
connotationsWhen American soldiers returned home after
World War II, many women abandoned
their jobs in favor of marriage.When American soldiers returned home after
World War II, many women left their jobs in
favor of marriage.
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Prefer specific concrete nouns
Thing, area, aspect, factor, individual, etc.
The senator spoke about the challenges ofthe future: the environment and world
peace.The senator spoke about the challenges of
the future: pollution, dwindling resources,
and terrorism.
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Do not misuse words
These days the training required for a balletdancer is all-absorbent.
These days the training required for a ballet
dancer is all-absorbing.
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Use Standard Idioms
Speech forms that follow no easily specifiedrulesNEVER ALWAYS
Angry at (a person) Angry with (a person)
Agree to (an idea) Agree with (an idea)
Different than Different from
Off of Off
Plan on doing Plan to do
think on Think of; think about
Try and; sure and Try to; sure to
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Do not rely heavily on clichs Cool as a Beat around
Blind as a
Crystal
Dead as a
Light as a
Like a bull
Nutty as a Playing with
Use figures of speech with care Similes & metaphors
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How are the rules for wordy sentences,appropriate language, and exact words
broken?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V97c_Vx-NFo -
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The writer who breedsmore words than he
needs, is making achore for the reader
who reads.-Dr. Seuss
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Annotated bibliography rough draft Annotation
Summary paragraphs
Critique paragraphs
(repeat this process for each source)
Read Chapter 3 (Thesis, introduction,
conclusion)
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