engineering product specification
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Chapter 2Engineering Product
Specification
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Evolution/realization of a product
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Idea sketch prepared by Leonardoda Vinci (1452-1519). (Courtesy of Institut de France.)
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Perspective projection andorthographic projection
a. Perspectiveprojection
b. Orthographicprojection
Vanishing point Vanishing point
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Isometric project axes
120
120
120
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Multiview drawing of a bracket
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Reconstruct a three-dimensionalgeometry from the three view
drawing in Figure 2-5
Refine thedrawing
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Partial views. (a) Sectional view,(b) auxiliary view on the A-A
direction
A
A
2 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 1
A A
A - A
B
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Dimension specification
2.500
Dimension line Extensionline
Dimension value
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Adequate dimension
0.83 1.22
3.03
1.72
0.86
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Redundant dimension on X-axis,and incomplete dimension on Y-
axis
0.83 0.95 1.22
3.03
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Tolerancing: bilateral andunilateral. Dashed lines show the
tolerance limits
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Tolerance stacking example 1
0.80 0.01 1.20 0.01
1.00 0.01
?
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Tolerance stacking example 2
0.80 0.01 1.20 0.01
3.00 0.01
?
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Illustration of unidirectional lay surfacecharacteristics (ANSI Standard B46.1-1978)
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Surface roughness symbol
a = roughness value Ra in micrometersb = production method, treatment, coating,other text or note calloutc = roughness cutoff or sampling length inmillimetersd = direction of laye = minimum material removal requirementin millimeters
f = roughness value other than Ra inmicrometers preceded by its parametersymbol (e.g. Rz 0.4)
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Lay symbols and examplesLay Symbol Meaning Example
Lay approximately parallel to the line representing the surface to which thesymbol is applied.
Lay approximately perpendicular to the line representing the surface towhich the symbol is applied.
Lay angular in both directions to the line representing the surface to whichthe symbol is applied.
Lay multidirectional.
Lay approximately circular relative to the center of the surface to which thesymbol is applied.
Lay approximately radial relative to the center of the surface to which thesymbol is applied.
Lay particulate, non-directional, or protuberant.
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Examplesof the
surfacetexturesymbol
application
Basic Surface Texture Symbol. Surface may be produced by any method except when the bar or circle (Symbol b or d) is specified.
Material Removal By Machining Is Required. The horizontal bar indicates material removal by machining is required to produce the surface and material must be provided for that purpose.
Material Removal Allowance. Value in millimeters for "X" defines the minimum materialremoval requirement.
Material Removal Prohibited. The circle in the vee indicates the surface must be produced by processes such as casting, forging, hot finishing, cold finishing, die casting, powdermetallurgy and injection molding without subsequent removal of material.
Surface Texture Symbol. To be used when any surface texture values, production method,
treatment, coating or other text are specified above the horizontal line or to the right of thesymbol. Surface may be produced by any method except when bar or circle (Symbol b or d)is specified or when the method is specified above the horizontal line.
Roughness average rating is placed at the left of the long leg and the roughness cutoff ratingor sampling length is placed at the right. The specification of only one rating for roughnessaverage shall indicate the maximum value and any lesser value shall be acceptable. Specifythe roughness average in micrometers.
The specification of maximum and minimum roughness average values indicates a permissible range of roughness. Specify in micrometers.
Removal of material prohibited.
Roughness sampling length or cutoff rating is placed below the horizontal extension and ismandatory in all cases when values are applied to the symbol. Specify in millimeters.
Lay designation is indicated by the lay symbol placed at the right of the long leg.
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Roughness profile
Roughness width cutoff
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Recommended Height Values
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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A tolerance graph
A B C D E d AB,t AB d BC ,t BC d CD ,t CD
d AE,t AE
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Example
A B C D E
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Solution
d AB,t AB d DE ,t DE d CD ,t CD
d AE,t AE
A B C D E
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Over specification of dimensionand tolerance
A B C
d1,t1 d2,t2
d3,t3
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Tolerance graph for example inFigure 2-24
A B C d1,t1 d2,t2
d3,t3
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Under specification
A B C D E
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Tolerance graph for drawing inFigure 2-26.
A B C D E d1,t1 d2,t2
d3,t3
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Design specification
3.00 0.01
1.00 0.01
1.00 0.01
A B C D
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Process Plan
Process Plan
1 Chuck on the left side,use A as reference. CutC and D.
2 Turn the workpiece
around, use D (newlycut surface) asreference. Cut B and A.
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Tolerance chart (Not shown are processtolerance assignment and balance)
0 .0 1 0 .01
0 . 01
stockboundary
Dim t ol
1.0 0.011.0 0.013.0 0.01
Op code
10 lathe
10 lathe
20 lathe
20 lathe
10
12
20
22
blue print
Operationsequence
Not shown areprocess toleranceassignment andbalance.
produced tolerances:
process tol of 10 + process tol of 12
process tol of 20 + process tol 22
process tol of 22 + setup tol
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Accuracy versus precision in process.Dots in targets represent location of
shots. Cross represent location of theaverage position of all shots
(a) Accurate andprecise
(b) Not accurate but precise
(c) Accurate but notprecise
(d) Precise within sample, notprecise between samples, not
accurate.
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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(A) A frequency curve of 50 measurements on screw machine part. (B)Relative position of frequency curve of the process relative to the
specification limits shows good statistical control
(A) F f h i
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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(A) Frequency curve of a process that is notcentralized. (B) Frequency curve of a process that
has too large a spread of variation.
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Chart reflecting average and rangeover a period of time
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Frequency distribution of OD of hubdiameter.
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Chapter 2 Chang, Wysk & Wang, Computer Aided Manufacturing, 3rd Ed,Prentice Hall, 2006
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Mortality curve based on RobertLussers concepts.
Mortality curve on product designed and
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Ch 2 Ch W k & W C Aid d M f i 3 d Ed 39
Mortality curve on product designed andbuilt on a well-conceived quality-control and
reliability program.
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