environmental risk assessment

Environmental Risk Assessment

Abir GoldarDevelopment Studies DisciplineKhulna University 1

Outline

Defining Key Terms Risk Characterization Risk Recognition Risk Identification Grading of Risk Steps to Risk Assessment Risk Management Steps to Risk Management Conclusion

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Environment:The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal or plant lives or operates.

Risk :Probability of occurring any adverse effect.

Environmental Risk Assessment :An environmental risk assessment (ERA) is a process of predicting whether there may be a risk of adverse effects on the environment caused by a chemical substance.

Defining Key Terms

Risk characterization

Risk characterization is the process of estimating the incidence of a health effect under the various conditions of human exposure described in the exposure assessment

The results of risk characterization are used to identify potential options that are then evaluated in terms of expected public health, economic, social, and political consequences

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Quantitative risk characterization

Characterizations of Risk

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Quantitative characterization involves the calculation of a simple risk ratio (PEC/PNEC). That is, the predicted environmental concentration is compared to the predicted concentration at which no effects on organisms in the compartment will occur.

Qualitative risk characterization

Characterizations of Risk

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It is not always possible to undertake a quantitative characterization of risk. In these instances, such as when assessing the risks to remote marine areas or where PECs or PNECs cannot be calculated, the risk characterization will need to be performed qualitatively.

Risk Recognition

Risk recognition is one element of a comprehensive approach to safety and health. To be effective, risk recognition should be implemented along with the other key elements of safety and health management

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Risk Identification

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Risk identification is the process of determining risks that could potentially prevent the program, enterprise, or investment from achieving its objectives .It includes documenting and communicating the concern.

Risk Identification Process

Project Scope Statement

Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Risk Management Plan

Risk Register

Documentation Reviews Information Gathering

TechniquesChecklist AnalysisAssumption analysisDiagramming techniques

Inputs

Outputs

Tools & Techniques

Risk Management Planning

Risk Identification

Qualitative Risk Analysis

Quantitative Risk Analysis

Risk Response Planning

Risk Monitoring and Control

Project Management Plan

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Grading of Risk

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• Grade 1- Low risk• Grade 2- Low to medium risk• Grade 3- Medium to high risk• Grade 4- High risk

Low risk Rare, occurs less than 0.1% of the time/cases Low to medium May happen, occurs between 0.1% and 1% of the time/cases Medium to high Quite often, occurs between 1% and 10% of the time/cases High risk Very often, occurs more frequently than 10% of the time/cases

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Grading of Risk

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Grading of Risk

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Risk Assessment

• Involves:

Dose-response analysis or other tests of toxicity

Assessing likely exposure to the hazard (concentration, time, frequency)

1. Hazard identification : The process of determining whether exposure to an agent can increase the incidence of a health condition

2. Dose-response assessment: The process of characterizing the relation between the dose of an agent administered or received and the incidence of an adverse health effect in exposed populations; it expresses incidence as a function of exposure to the agent.

Steps to Risk Assessment

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3. Exposure assessment : The process of measuring or estimating the intensity, frequency, and duration of human exposures to an existing agent or of estimating hypothetical exposures that might arise from the release of new chemicals into the environment .

4. Risk characterization: The process of estimating the incidence of a health effect under the various conditions of human exposure described in the exposure assessment

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Steps to Risk Assessment

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Environmental Risk Management

• Environmental risk management is a method of assessing, mitigating, and monitoring the effects of a recognized risk that may have the potential adverse effects on the public and environmental health.

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Environmental Risk Management

Risk management is a decision making process that involves: - Risk Assessment - Technological Feasibility - Economic Impacts - Public Concerns - Legal Requirements

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The process of evaluating alternative regulatory options and selecting among them.

Seeks to prevent adverse effects on :• Human health and • Ecological systems

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Environmental Risk Management

• Consider risk assessments in light of social, economic, and political needs and values.

• Decide whether or not to reduce or eliminate risk.

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Environmental Risk Management

Steps to Risk Management

1. Decision: The process of choosing between the options .

2. Implementation : The process of creating the option that we had choose .

3. Monitoring and Evaluation : The process of controlling the option to be sure that we achieved our aim .

4. Review : The process of choosing other option in case we didn’t have the best results.

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Risk Management In Public HealthRisks to human health can come from many sources:

• Industrial facilities • Combustion• Engines, and different

media (air, water, or soil).

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Public and Environmental Health Risk Management Framework

24Commission on Risk Assessment

and Risk Management (1997)

Public and Environmental Health Risk Management Framework

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1. Define the problem and put it in context.2. Analyze the risks associated with the problemin context.3. Examine options for addressing the risks.4. Make decisions about which options toimplement.5. Take actions to implement the decisions.

Commission on Risk Assessmentand Risk Management (1997)

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Conclusion

For recognition and grading of risk , characterization of risk is necessary.

Risk assessment is an important part of risk management. So environmental risk assessment is needed to manage the risk effectively.

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