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PREDEC 2016: EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning, February 16-18, Lyon, France
EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning
Richard McGrath* Richard Reid
Electric Power Research Institute
3420 Hillview Ave
Palo Alto, California 94504
*corresponding author: rmcgrath@epri.com
Keywords: decommissioning, transition, regulatory framework
Abstract
A wide range of key activities are necessary after permanent shutdown of a nuclear power plant
before active dismantlement of the plant can begin. This period is typically referred to as the
transition period. In some cases these activities are prescribed by regulation and in others they
may be more practically driven or even optional. In either case, planning for transition activities
should optimally take place prior to final shutdown. Additionally, execution of some transition
period activities, such as filing required regulatory submittals, may be performed prior to plant
shut down.
In addition to general transition period activities such as defueling, management of operational
wastes, fulfilling regulatory requirements and changes to plant technical specifications, there are
a number of optional activities that may have a long-range impact on future decommissioning
activities. This includes activities such as the timing of staff reductions and performance of
chemical decontamination.
EPRI is nearing completion of a project to develop guidance for transitioning a nuclear power
plant to decommissioning. This project includes the following elements:
A review of required and recommended transition period activities. For countries where a
clear regulatory framework exists, this includes country-specific requirements;
A review of pending regulatory activities in the US and other countries where there is currently no clear regulatory framework for transitioning to decommissioning;
A summary of activities that have been performed during the transition period for past and current decommissioning sites, as well as current sites that are actively planning
decommissioning activities; and
Guidance for development of a transition plan for changing from an operational to
decommissioning status.
Informed planning of the transition period activities will provide immediate benefits in reducing
costs and minimizing the duration of the transition period, as well as longer-term benefits
throughout plant decommissioning. Although the EPRI guidance will provide a greater benefit
for plants that will shut down in the near future, recently shut down plants and plants currently in safe storage may also benefit from consideration of industry-wide guidance.
PREDEC 2016: EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning, February 16-18, Lyon, France
Introduction and Background
Transition Period Regulations in the US
Unlike some other countries, the US does not have a formal period for transitioning from
operating to decommissioning. The decommissioning process in the US is structured around
several regulatory submittals, including:
Certification of Permanent Cessation of Operations and Permanent Removal of Fuel
Post Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR)
Site-Specific Decommissioning Cost Estimate
Revisions to Plant Licensing Design Basis Documents
Defueled Safety Analysis Report
These submittals have been made by the power plant sites currently in transition in the US, each
with multiple exemption requests (NRC regulation concerning each exemption also shown) for:
Emergency Preparedness (Part 50, Appendix E)
Security Plan and Procedures (CFR Part 73)
Use of Decommissioning Trust Fund (CFR 50.82)
Insurance and Financial Protection (CFR 50.54 an Part 140)
Submittal of these documents permits utilities to access portions of the decommissioning trust
fund and permits utilities to begin certain dismantling activities.
To streamline the decommissioning licensing process, the NRC is considering rulemaking to
establish new regulations to replace the current process of using exemptions such as those listed
above. The following list of NRC notices describes the NRC conclusions concerning this
proposed rulemaking:
SRM SECY-14-0066, Commission directed staff to report its views on the need for an integrated rulemaking for decommissioning.
SRM SECY-14-0118, Commission directed staff to complete rulemaking in 2019.
SECY-15-0014, NRC Staff Responded to both SRMs and provided high-level schedule and resource needs.
The commission requested the NRC staff to address the following issues in the rulemaking:
Graded approach to emergency preparedness
o Fuel in fuel pool
o Fuel in dry storage
Lessons Learned
NRC approval of Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activity Report
Maintaining three existing decommissioning options and associated timeframes
Role of state and local governments and non-governmental stakeholders
PREDEC 2016: EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning, February 16-18, Lyon, France
The NRC has established a goal for the completion of this rulemaking process in 2019. The NRC
will be seeking public participation and comment throughout the rulemaking process.
Experiences in Countries outside the US
In many cases in Europe, dismantlement activities have not been started until all of the spent fuel
is removed from the spent fuel pool. Using optimized canister loading which mixes freshly off-
loaded fuel with older fuel with lower heat output, it may still be as long as 4 to 5 years after the
final shutdown of the plant until all spent fuel can be moved to dry fuel storage.
Canada, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden allow preparatory activities under the operating
license during the Transition Period although in the case of France some of them are subject to
French Safety Authority information or authorization. These preparatory activities are aimed at
reducing the risks or contributing to the preparation of the dismantling phase include: fuel
removal from site, radiological characterization, systems decontamination, management of
radioactive waste from the operational phase, replacement of systems and components and
deactivation of equipment not required. The United Kingdom allows very limited
decommissioning activity during the Transition Period.
Spain
Only preparatory activities such as full system chemical decontamination and radiological
characterization work were performed at the José Cabrera plant before all the spent fuel had been
moved out of the spent fuel pool and into dry fuel storage. After this relocation had been
accomplished, the plant operating license was transferred to ENRESA, with approval by the
Spanish regulator to begin dismantlement activities.
Germany
The major document governing decommissioning of nuclear power plants in Germany is the
Atomic Energy Act (AtG). This document states that after permanent shutdown of a plant, all
normal requirements and regulations still apply, with the exception of those concerning power
generation. Further, this document states that the normal plant operating licenses still apply
during decommissioning. Since decommissioning is typically not covered by the operating
license, after permanent shutdown, German plants cannot begin major decommissioning
activities (i.e., dismantling) until a new decommissioning-specific license is obtained. Therefore,
after permanent shutdown, German plants enter a “post-operational phase” (i.e., a transition
phase). This post-operational phase continues until the plant has applied for and received a
decommissioning license from the appropriate Länder1 authority.
During the post-operational phase, the normal plant operating license is still in effect and thus
German plants may still conduct activities covered by the normal operating license. These
activities include:
Defueling of nuclear fuel from the reactor
1 The Länder are the 16 Federal States of Germany.
PREDEC 2016: EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning, February 16-18, Lyon, France
Loading of nuclear fuel into storage containers and storage in the onsite interim storage facilities (similar to ISFSI in US plants)
Utilization of radioactive substances and disposal of operational wastes
Decontamination of the facility and systems
Sampling of systems and components
Dismantling of non-nuclear facilities (e.g., office buildings, parking lots, etc.)
Switzerland
The Mühleberg NPP, a BWR with the Spent Fuel Pool located in the Reactor Building is
scheduled for permanent shutdown in 2019. This will be the first power plant to be
decommissioned in Switzerland. Regulations and regulatory guidance for the transition from
operations to active decommissioning is being developed in Switzerland.
Discussion
A wide range of key activities are necessary after permanent shutdown of a nuclear power plant
before active dismantlement of the plant can begin. For example, defueling, management of
operational wastes, fulfilling regulatory requirements, staffing plan, changes to plant technical
specifications and full-system chemical decontamination to name a few. In some cases these
activities are prescribed by regulation and in others they may be more practically driven or even
optional. Planning for transition should optimally take place prior to final shutdown and
execution of some transition period activities, such as filing required regulatory submittals, may
be performed prior to plant shutdown.
An EPRI project is in progress which will be developing guidance for transitioning from
operational to decommissioning status. An overview and the goals of the project are:
Compile country-specific transition period regulations
Countries will be selected to provide a wide range of regulations (i.e., structured vs. unstructured transition)
Compile industry transition period operating experience
Identify activities that can be performed/planned for before shutdown
Identify long-lead activities that should be prioritized
Identify cost-saving activities that should be performed early after shutdown
Provide guidance for the development of a plan to transition from operational to decommissioning status
Motivation for the EPRI Project
The cost of decommissioning is highly influenced by overall staffing costs, which is related to
the overall length of decommissioning. Figure 1 from EPRI report # 1023025, show that staffing
costs make up, on the average, 43.5 % of the total decommissioning costs in the US. It is
anticipated that the guidance developed in this EPRI work will help shorten the length of the
transition period, and thus shorten the overall length and cost of decommissioning.
PREDEC 2016: EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning, February 16-18, Lyon, France
Figure 1: Breakdown of Decommissioning Costs in the US
Figure 2: Status of Permanently Shutdown Plants in the US
Reactor TypeCommercial
OperationShutdown
Years
OperationalStatus a Fuel Onsite
GE VBWR BWR Oct-57 Dec-63 6.1 SAFSTOR No
Pathfinder Superheat BWR Jul-66 Sep-67 1.1 License Terminated No
Saxton PWR Mar-67 May-72 5.2 License Terminated No
Fermi 1 Fast Breeder Aug-66 Sep-72 6.1 SAFSTOR No
Indian Point 1 PWR Oct-62 Oct-74 12.1 SAFSTOR Yes
Peach Bottom 1 HTGR Jun-67 Oct-74 7.4 SAFSTOR No
Humboldt Bay 3 BWR Aug-63 Jul-76 12.9 DECON Yes
Dresden 1 BWR Jul-60 Oct-78 18.3 SAFSTOR Yes
Three Mile Island 2 PWR Dec-78 Mar-79 0.2 SAFSTOR b No
LaCrosse BWR Nov-69 Apr-87 17.5 DECON Yes
Millstone 1 BWR Mar-71 Jul-88 17.4 SAFSTOR Yes
Rancho Seco PWR Apr-75 Jun-89 14.2 ISFSI Only c Yes
Shoreham BWR Aug-86 Jun-89 2.9 License Terminated No
Fort St. Vrain HTGR Jul-79 Aug-89 10.1 ISFSI Only Yes
Yankee Rowe PWR Jul-61 Oct-91 30.3 ISFSI Only Yes
Trojan PWR May-76 Nov-92 16.5 ISFSI Only Yes
San Onofre 1 PWR Jan-68 Nov-92 24.9 DECON Yes
Zion 2 PWR Sep-74 Sep-96 22.0 DECON Yes
Maine Yankee PWR Dec-72 Dec-96 24.0 ISFSI Only Yes
Connecticut Yankee PWR Jan-68 Dec-96 29.0 ISFSI Only Yes
Zion 1 PWR Dec-73 Feb-97 23.2 DECON Yes
Big Rock Point BWR Mar-63 Aug-97 34.4 ISFSI Only Yes
Crystal River 3 PWR Mar-77 Feb-13 36.0 SAFSTOR Yes
Kewaunee PWR Jun-74 May-13 38.9 SAFSTOR Yes
San Onofre 2 PWR Aug-83 Jun-13 29.9 DECON Yes
San Onofre 3 PWR Apr-84 Jun-13 29.2 DECON Yes
Vermont Yankee BWR Nov-72 Dec-14 29.2 SAFSTOR Yes
Decomissioning Completed
c) Some low-level waste is also stored at Rancho Seco in addition to its ISFSI.
a) ISFSI = Independent spent fuel storage installation, which is a stand-alone facility within the plant constructed for the
interim storage of spent nuclear fuel. "ISFSI Only" means the plant license has been reduced to include only the ISFSI.
b) TMI 2 is in a post-defueling monitored storage (PDMS) state, where the plant is in SAFSTOR but the fuel has been removed.
PREDEC 2016: EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning, February 16-18, Lyon, France
US Transition Period Experience
Figure 2 show the status of the permanently shutdown plant in the US. The EPRI Transition
Period Guidance Report will summarize the experiences at the ten plant sites outlined in purple.
Additionally, although the Oyster Creek plant has not been shutdown, transition plans have been
made for that plant.
Figure 3: Transition & Early Decommissioning Activities at the Connecticut Yankee Plant
Figure 3 shows the transition period and early decommissioning activities at the Connecticut
Yankee plant. Although the transition was almost 3 years, this period was extended somewhat by
an NRC required improvement of the Health Physics Department. The experience for San
Onofre Units 2 & 3 is that similar transition period activities were accomplished in 2 years.
PREDEC 2016: EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning, February 16-18, Lyon, France
Figure 4: Exelon Nuclear Management Model – Transition Period Timeline
Exelon operates a fleet of nuclear power plants in the US and has recognized the importance of
early decommissioning planning. Figure 4 illustrates the Exelon management timeline for
performance of decommissioning planning activities and the preparation of decommissioning
licensing documents. It is noteworthy that this time line starts 5 years before the planned
shutdown of a power plant.
The following is a listing of typical transition period activities in the US:
Cost estimating
Preparation/submittal of regulatory submittals
Systems, Structures and Component (SSCs) Rr-categorization
Revised Technical Specifications
Cold and Dark Program (repower certain systems)
Project Management Model
Re-design Work Control Process
Develop Communications Plan o Both internal and external
Human Resources o Retention of key staff
o Labor agreement impacts
PREDEC 2016: EPRI Guidance for Transition from Operations to Decommissioning, February 16-18, Lyon, France
o Relocation of other staff
Perform Historical Site Assessment and Initial Site Characterization
Disposal of Operational (Legacy) Wastes
Fuel Building modifications to isolate from other plant systems
Certified Fuel Handler Program
Transfer of spent fuel to dry casks o Design of the Dry Fuel Storage System
o Building and system modifications to support the Dry Fuel Storage System
o Fabrication of Dry Fuel Storage Canisters, Storage Cells and other related equipment
o Design and construction of the ISFSI
Dismantling of non-nuclear facilities
Upgrade plant/infrastructure (e.g. rail) to facilitate removal of wastes
Full System Chemical Decontamination
Hot Spot Reduction
Asbestos and flammable materials removal
Preparation for post-transition decommissioning activities o Major component removal planning
o Reactor Vessel and Internals Segmentation planning
o Balance of plant dismantlement
Summary and Conclusions
Informed planning of the transition period activities will provide immediate benefits in reducing
costs and minimizing the duration of the transition period, as well as longer-term benefits
throughout plant decommissioning. EPRI is nearing completion of a project to develop guidance
for transitioning a nuclear power plant to decommissioning. In addition to summarizing
experiences with completed transition periods in the US, The EPRI Transition Period Guidance
Report will:
Continue to compile transition period operating experience
Summarize German, French, Spanish, and Swiss transition period regulations
Evaluate regulations and operating experience to develop guidance for transitioning from
operating to decommissioning
The EPRI Transition Period Guidance Report is scheduled to be completed in the middle of
2016.
References
EPRI Report #1023025, Decommissioning Experiences and Lessons Learned: Decommissioning
Costs, 2011
EPRI Report # 1000093, Preparation for Decommissioning – The Oyster Creek Experience, June
2000
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Michael Snyder Senior Technical Leader
Richard McGrath Principal Technical Leader
Richard Reid, PhD Program Manager
PREDEC 2016: International Symposium on Preparation for Decommissioning
16-18 February 2016, Lyon, France
EPRI Project: Guidance
for Transition from
Operations to
Decommissioning
2 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overview
US Transition Period Regulations
EPRI Transition Project
Experiences
3 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decommissioning Technology Program Membership
EDF - France
ENRESA -
Spain
E.On - Germany
Electrabel - Belgium
Chubu, TEPCO -
Japan
TaiPower - Taiwan
KHNP – S. Korea
Southern California
Edison, Pacific Gas
and Electric,
Dominion, Exelon -
US
4 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Current US Decommissioning Transition
Period Regulations
5 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Source: US NRC Website
5
Power Reactors Decommissioning Status
D
S
I
T
Four Sites
Twelve Sites
Seven Sites
Three Sites
6 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
US Plants in Transition
Unplanned Reactor Shutdowns
– Crystal River Unit 3 - Crystal River, Florida (February 2013)
– Kewaunee Power Station - Kewaunee Wisconsin (May 2013)
– San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, Units 2 & 3 - San
Clemente, California (June 2013)
– Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station - Vernon, Vermont
(December 2014)
Planned Reactor Shutdown
– Fitzpatrick Nuclear Station - Oswego, New York (Announced
Shutdown for 2017)
– Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station - Forked River, New
Jersey (Announced Shutdown for 2019)
– Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station - Plymouth, MA (Announced
Shutdown for 2019)
7 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
US Transition Regulations
The US does not have a formal period for transitioning from operating to decommissioning, unlike some other countries
The decommissioning process in the US is structured around several regulatory submittals, including: – Certification of Permanent Cessation of Operations
– Post Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR)
– Site-Specific Decommissioning Cost Estimate
– Revisions to Plant Licensing Design Basis Documents
Defueled Safety Analysis Report
Submittals have been made by the four sites currently in transition each with multiple exemption requests for
– Emergency Preparedness (Part 50, Appendix E)
– Security Plan and Procedures (CFR Part 73)
– Use of Decommissioning Trust Fund (CFR 50.82)
– Insurance and Financial Protection (CFR 50.54 an Part 140)
Submittal of these documents permits utilities to access their decommissioning fund and to begin certain dismantling activities
8 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Direction
on Decommissioning Rulemaking
SRM SECY-14-0066, Commission directed staff to report
its views on the need for an integrated rulemaking for
decommissioning.
SRM SECY-14-0118, Commission directed staff to
complete rulemaking in 2019.
SECY-15-0014, NRC Staff Responded to both SRMs and
provided high-level schedule and resource needs.
9 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Scope of NRC Decommissioning
Rulemaking
The Commission Requested Staff to Address the Following Issues in the Rulemaking, as Discussed in SECY-00-0145: – Graded Approach to Emergency Preparedness;
Fuel in pool
Fuel in Dry Storage
– Lessons Learned;
– NRC Approval of Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activity Report;
– Maintaining Three Existing Decommissioning Options (i.e., SAFSTOR, DECON, ENTOMB) and Associated Timeframes;
– Role of State and Local Governments and Non-Governmental Stakeholders;
– Other Issues Deemed Relevant by Staff.
10 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
NRC Milestones Associated with
Decommissioning Rulemaking
Major Milestones
– Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Request for Comment
(published November 2015)
– Regulatory Basis
– Proposed Rule/Draft Regulatory Guidance
– Final Rule/Final Regulatory Guidance (2019)
Public Participation
11 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EPRI Transition Project
12 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background
A wide range of key activities are necessary after permanent shutdown of a nuclear power plant before active dismantlement of the plant can begin
– For example, defueling, management of operational wastes, fulfilling regulatory requirements, staffing plan, changes to plant technical specifications, full-system chemical decontamination, etc.
In some cases these activities are prescribed by regulation and in others they may be more practically driven or even optional
Planning for transition should optimally take place prior to final shutdown and execution of some transition period activities, such as filing required regulatory submittals, may be performed prior to plant shutdown
In the EPRI project, guidance is being developed for transitioning from operational to decommissioning status
13 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goals of Project / Project Overview
Compile country-specific transition period regulations
– Countries will be selected to provide a wide range of regulations
(i.e., structured vs. unstructured transition)
Compile industry transition period operating experience
– Identify activities that can be performed / planned for before shutdown
– Identify long-lead activities that should be prioritized
– Identify cost-saving activities that should be performed early after
shutdown
Provide guidance for the development of a plan to transition
from operational to decommissioning status
14 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Motivation for Project
The cost of decommissioning is highly influenced by overall
staffing costs, which is related to the overall length of
decommissioning
It is anticipated that the guidance developed in this work will
help shorten the length of the transition period, and thus
shorten the overall length and decrease the cost for
decommissioning
Ref. EPRI 1023025
15 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
US Transition Period Experience Selected Plants
Recent transition period
experiences from the 11
plant sites outlined in
purple will be summarized
Oyster Creek experience
will also be summarized
– Not shutdown, but
transition plans have
been made
Distribution of selected
experiences
Reactor TypeCommercial
OperationShutdown
Years
OperationalStatus a Fuel Onsite
GE VBWR BWR Oct-57 Dec-63 6.1 SAFSTOR No
Pathfinder Superheat BWR Jul-66 Sep-67 1.1 License Terminated No
Saxton PWR Mar-67 May-72 5.2 License Terminated No
Fermi 1 Fast Breeder Aug-66 Sep-72 6.1 SAFSTOR No
Indian Point 1 PWR Oct-62 Oct-74 12.1 SAFSTOR Yes
Peach Bottom 1 HTGR Jun-67 Oct-74 7.4 SAFSTOR No
Humboldt Bay 3 BWR Aug-63 Jul-76 12.9 DECON Yes
Dresden 1 BWR Jul-60 Oct-78 18.3 SAFSTOR Yes
Three Mile Island 2 PWR Dec-78 Mar-79 0.2 SAFSTOR b No
LaCrosse BWR Nov-69 Apr-87 17.5 DECON Yes
Millstone 1 BWR Mar-71 Jul-88 17.4 SAFSTOR Yes
Rancho Seco PWR Apr-75 Jun-89 14.2 ISFSI Only c Yes
Shoreham BWR Aug-86 Jun-89 2.9 License Terminated No
Fort St. Vrain HTGR Jul-79 Aug-89 10.1 ISFSI Only Yes
Yankee Rowe PWR Jul-61 Oct-91 30.3 ISFSI Only Yes
Trojan PWR May-76 Nov-92 16.5 ISFSI Only Yes
San Onofre 1 PWR Jan-68 Nov-92 24.9 DECON Yes
Zion 2 PWR Sep-74 Sep-96 22.0 DECON Yes
Maine Yankee PWR Dec-72 Dec-96 24.0 ISFSI Only Yes
Connecticut Yankee PWR Jan-68 Dec-96 29.0 ISFSI Only Yes
Zion 1 PWR Dec-73 Feb-97 23.2 DECON Yes
Big Rock Point BWR Mar-63 Aug-97 34.4 ISFSI Only Yes
Crystal River 3 PWR Mar-77 Feb-13 36.0 SAFSTOR Yes
Kewaunee PWR Jun-74 May-13 38.9 SAFSTOR Yes
San Onofre 2 PWR Aug-83 Jun-13 29.9 DECON Yes
San Onofre 3 PWR Apr-84 Jun-13 29.2 DECON Yes
Vermont Yankee BWR Nov-72 Dec-14 29.2 SAFSTOR Yes
Decomissioning Completed
c) Some low-level waste is also stored at Rancho Seco in addition to its ISFSI.
a) ISFSI = Independent spent fuel storage installation, which is a stand-alone facility within the plant constructed for the
interim storage of spent nuclear fuel. "ISFSI Only" means the plant license has been reduced to include only the ISFSI.
b) TMI 2 is in a post-defueling monitored storage (PDMS) state, where the plant is in SAFSTOR but the fuel has been removed.
Number Description
4 PWRs that have completed decommissioning
3 PWRs that recently entered SAFSTOR
1 PWR that recently entered DECON from a period of SAFSTOR
1 PWR that recently entered DECON from operation
1 BWR that has completed decommissioning
1 BWR that has developed decommissioning plans before shutdown
16 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
US Transition Period Experience Example – Connecticut Yankee Transition Period Timeline
17 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
US Transition Period Experience Example – SONGS Unit 2/3 Transition (2 years) & Decon Period
Timeline
18 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
*Initial Plant Only – Management Model Addition
** PSDAR Submission Tied to Strategy Approvals; PSDAR Does Not Require
NRC Approval, DCE (Decommissioning Cost Estimate) for PSDAR plan will
be submitted with or shortly after PSDAR submittal. No approval required for
DCE.
US Transition Period Experience Example – Exelon Nuclear Mgmt. Model Transition Period Timeline
1
8
Develop Scoping & Screening
Process
Implement Scoping & Screening
Process
Identify, Develop & Submit Regulatory
Actions
Develop Modification Packages & Work Packages
Develop Decommissioning Management
Model *
Pro-forma Implement Regulatory Approvals
Gather Information & Implement Decision Making
Framework
Develop & Submit PSDAR & DCE
**
Implement Governance Changes *
Implement Commercial Aspects of Strategy
(ie., bids)
Review & Approve Strategic Plan
Develop Decision Making Framework
Identify key Decisions
T – 5 yrs.
Staff Corporate Decommissioning Transition Manager
Position
Identify Site Decommissioning Lead
Identify Scoping & Screening
Team
Decommissionin
g Announcement
Shutdown
Date
T – 4 yrs T – 3
yrs.
T – 2
yrs. T – 1
yrs.
Identify Mod
Resources
Identify Corporate Team Leads
Assemble Site DC Transition
Team
19 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
US Transition Period Experience Example – List of Decommissioning Transition Activities (1/2)
Cost Estimating
Preparation/submittal of Regulatory Submittals
Systems, Structures and Component (SSCs) Re-Categorization
Revised Technical Specifications
Cold and Dark Program (repower certain systems)
Project Management Model
Re-design Work Control Process
Develop Communications Plan
– Both internal and external
Human Resources
– Retention of key staff
– Labor agreement impacts
– Relocation of other staff
Perform Historical Site Assessment and Initial Site Characterization
Disposal of Operational (Legacy) Wastes
20 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
US Transition Period Experience Example – List of Decommissioning Transition Activities (2/2)
Fuel Building Modifications to Isolate from Other Plant Systems
Certified Fuel Handler Program
Transfer of Spent Fuel to Dry Casks / ISFSI
– Design of the Dry Fuel Storage System
– Building and System Modifications to support the Dry Fuel Storage System
– Fabrication of Dry Fuel Storage Canisters, Storage Cells and Other Related Equipment
– Design and Construction of the ISFSI
Dismantling of Non-Nuclear Facilities
Upgrade Plant /Infrastructure (e.g. rail) to Facilitate Removal of Wastes
Full System Chemical Decontamination
Hot Spot Reduction
Asbestos and Flammable Materials Removal
Preparation for Post-Transition Decommissioning Activities
– Major Component Removal Planning
– Reactor Vessel and Internals Segmentation Planning
– Balance of plant dismantlement
21 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EPRI Transition Project – Ongoing/Future Work
Continue to compile transition period operating experience
Summarize French, German, Spanish, and Swiss transition
period regulations
Evaluate regulations and operating experience to develop
guidance for transitioning from operating to
decommissioning
Schedule for completion: Draft report Q1 2016
22 © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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