euro expansion, etc 1450 1750

Expansion

Exploration, Trade, Conquest, and Colonization1450s to 1750s

Did you know?

• The Chinese had sent expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean – then decided to isolate themselves.

Voyages of Chinese Admiral Zheng He, 1405-1433

Do you remember -

• The Ottoman Empire controlled the Eastern Mediterranean trade. Italian city-states had a monopoly on most imports into western Europe.

Did you know that -

• Muslim merchants dominated the multi-cultural Indian Ocean trading network from the 800s to 1300s.

Here come the Europeans!

What allowed / caused Europeans to begin their exploration, trade involvement, and conquest?

Improvements in technology

• Better ship design (caravel)

• The Gunpowder revolution

• Navigation – compass, sextant, astrolabe, maps.

In Europe…

• Demographic recovery after the plague

• Crusading Spirit• Fragmented state-building led to

competition• Portuguese began exploring in 1415• Columbus reached the Americas in

1492• Vasco de Gama sailed around Africa

to India 1497-98

Training and Experience

• Portuguese Seafaring Schools• Experience in wars with Muslims• Experience with winds of the

Atlantic

DESIRE FOR PROFIT

• To find a faster more profitable trade route to Asia and control Asian trade networks

• After Europeans made contact with the Americas, to gain access to the gold and silver of the Americas (then later its other resources)

Religious Reasons. . .The desire to:

• spread Christian religion and political control

• Defeat Islamic forces

European Exploration, Expansion, Trade, and

Conquest

RESULTS

RESULTS of the Exploration, Expansion,

and Colonization Asia - First the Portuguese and Spanish, then the Dutch, English, and others began to take control of Indian Ocean trade. China and Japan continued to control their own ports and profits.

Africa – Europeans set up trading ports along the coasts. Slaves became an important commodity.

Europeans in Asia and Africa

Political and economic impact of Europeans in Africa and Asia was mainly limited to the oceans and coastal regions.

Cultural influence of Europeans and Christianity was limited.

Europeans in the Americas

Mesoamerica and South America – were eventually controlled by the Spanish and Portuguese.

North America – Dutch, British, and French controlled.

Competition led to “progress”

Europeans in the Americas

Europeans had significant political, economic, and social (cultural and religious) influence in many parts of the Americas.

Europeans in the Americas

Native peoples numbers declined drastically and the importation of African slaves began.

Plantations economies and extraction of other resources began.

The world was changingGlobal trade increased

dramatically. Europe, China, & Islamic

Empires exported manufactured goods

Americas, Africa, and parts of Asia exported a variety of raw materials.

The trade of these goods was increasingly controlled by competing European nations.

The World Shrinks

Columbian Exchange (Revolution) --between Western Hempisphere, Africa, and Eurasia

DISEASES CROPS LIVESTOCK and Animals

International Trade

Two trends developed: decreased

manufacturing in parts of the Americas, Africa, and Asia

Coercive labor systems spread: slavery in the Americas, parts of Asia and Africa.

Changes in Commerce

Commercial Revolution – Inflation in Europe and

Islamic Empires Manufacturing increased Increased prosperity – more

“things” for more people