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Evaluating & predicting impacts of globally invasive freshwater fishes
using multi-population comparisons Sunčica Avlijaš*, Nicholas Mandrak, Jonathan Fischer-Rush, Anthony Ricciardi
Context-dependency of invasion
THE
PR
OB
LEM
1
SITE A
SITE B
SITE C
?
Predicting Establishment
THE
PR
OB
LEM
1
Predicting Impacts
THE
PR
OB
LEM
1
SITE A
SITE B
SITE C
Large-scale geographic comparisons IN
TRO
DU
CTI
ON
2
Evaluating & Predicting Impacts
1- Tench as a model species
2- Quantifying impacts of Tench and Round Goby in the St. Lawrence River
3- Predicting Invasion patterns using morphometric analysis
OU
TLIN
E
3
Tench (Tinca tinca)
Countries with at least one system invaded by Tench
MO
DEL
SP
ECIE
S
4
turbidity
macrophytes
(Schallenberg & Sorrell 2009,
MO
DEL
SP
ECIE
S
Tench Impacts
molluscs
periphyton
Brönmark 1994,
Common Carp
trout
Innal & Erk’akan 2006, Washington Fish & Wildlife 2014,
pathogenic cestode
Marcogliese et al. 2009) 5
MO
DEL
SP
ECIE
S
European Perch
waterfowl
Copper Redhorse
European Eel
Rudd
HYPOTHESIZED COMPETITION (diet overlap studies)
Tench Impacts
(Giles et al. 1990, Kennedy and Fitzmaur 1970, Masson et al. 2013) 6
Quantifying impacts of Tench and Round Goby on resident fish communities in the St. Lawrence River
MET
HO
DS
Round Goby
Tench
(A) Historical analysis: pre-invasion versus post-invasion
(B) Spatial analysis: invaded versus uninvaded
(C) Diet study: identify potential competitors
(D) FR Experiments: per capita effects 7
(A) Historical analysis: pre-invasion versus post-invasion
(B) Spatial analysis: invaded versus uninvaded
(C) Diet study: identify potential competitors
(D) FR Experiments: per capita effects``
MET
HO
DS
8
St. Lawrence River Historical Data
Lac Saint-François
Lac Saint-Louis
Lac Saint-Pierre
Montreal-Sorel
Archipelago du Lac Saint-Pierre
Grondines Saint-Nicolas
Becancour-Batiscan
Sampled by sector: 1995-present One sector/ year Gill nets Seine nets
SPR
EAD
9
Round Goby and Tench in the St. Lawrence
2013
2006
2010
2007 2008
2011
2009
1
10
100
1000
10000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
# o
f Te
nch
Year
Tench captures by commercial fishermen in Lac St. Pierre
Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R
ESU
LTS
10
Lac Saint-François
Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R
ESU
LTS
10
Lac Saint-Louis
Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R
ESU
LTS
10
Archipelago du Lac Saint-Pierre
Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R
ESU
LTS
10
Lac Saint-Pierre
Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R
ESU
LTS
10
Becancour-Batiscan
NEX
T ST
EP
Field study: invaded vs. uninvaded
Sites sampled in the St. Lawrence River 2015
Legend
11
Quantifying impacts
Round Goby
Tench
(A) Historical analysis: pre-invasion versus post-invasion
(B) Spatial analysis: invaded versus uninvaded
(C) Diet study: identify potential competitors
(D) FR Experiments: per capita effects 11
Forecasting Impact using Morphometric analysis
Data sources: archived collections & field photographs
MO
RP
HO
MET
RIC
S
12
Morphometrics of native & non-native fishes in three South African rivers
MO
RP
HO
MET
RIC
S
13
Morphometrics of native & non-native fishes in the Olifants River (S. Africa)
FOR
ECA
STIN
G
14
K t
Introduced species
Tench
Olifants River
Morphometrics of native & non-native fishes in the Olifants River (S. Africa)
FOR
ECA
STIN
G
15
K t
Introduced species
Tench
Olifants River
Ha: Impact increases with distinctiveness (e.g. novel predator)
Hb: Impact increases with similarity (e.g. competition, hybridization)
Predicting Impacts SU
MM
AR
Y
16
•Quantify Impact under different contexts
• Compare impact across disparate sites: • Relate abundance and per-capita effects to abiotic
variables (Field surveys & Functional response experiments) • Incorporate effect of recipient community context
(Morphometrics)
Acknowledgements TH
AN
K Y
OU
Ricciardi Lab
17
Olaf Weyl, Darragh Woodford, Rowshyra Castaneda, Steven Crookes.
SPR
EAD
9
Tench in North America
(c) Diet overlap (H1) C
ha
pte
r 3
Competition
Tench, Round Goby & co-occurring fishes:
• stomach content ID
• quantify overlap
• Identify potential competition
• Correlate to declines (in a & b)
19
(d) Functional response experiments C
ha
pte
r 3
Fr experiments comparing per capita effects of invasive and
native fishes under varying environmental parameters
• E.g. DO, Specific Conductivity, turbidity
Pre
y co
nsu
me
d
Prey density offered
Pre
y co
nsu
me
d
Prey density offered
Round Goby Tench Native competitor
Low DO High DO
20
Shape space: modeling biotic interactions
(Azzurro et al. 2014 in Ecology Letters)
native species
14
Inva
de
r ab
un
dan
ce
Morpho space overlap high overlap
occasional to common; never very abundant
rare
very abundant
• Niche utilization is constrained by phenotype
Chapter 5
Bower and Piller 2015, Journal of fish biology
• Morpho shape predicts trophic guild
• No correlation of shape with substrate or stream depth
• Found a correlation between flow and shape
• Weak correlation between depth and shape (in non-stream fishes)
XI
Chapter 5
Oliveira et al. 2010, Neotropical Ichthyology
• Strong correlation to trophic guild • Poor correlation with habitat
XII
Chapter 5
Smith et al. 2015, Evolutionary Biology
Comparison of centrarchids • Found no correlation between
habitat (pelagic vs benthic) and shape
• Strong correlation between shape and diet
XIII
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