exercise testing wingate information
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Mean anaerobic power (W) = Total work (J)/Time (s)
Assume: Total work = 15930J: Time = 30s
working at a mean anaerobic power of 530 J.s-l or 530 W(since I J.s-1 = 1 W) over the duration of the test (Eq.9.6b). Furthermore, mean anaerobic power, just like manyof the variables described previously periaining to thlWingate Anaerobic Test, may also be expressed relative tobody weight (Eq. 9.6c). The relative rn"un unu"robic powerfor a person with a mean anaerobic power of 531 W and abody weight of 80 kg works out to 6.6 W.kg-1 (Eq. 9.6d).
Assume.. Highest p = 708 W; Lowest p = 354 WFatigue index = (70S W - 354 W) / 70g Wl
x 100 = 50Vo Eq.9.7b
Rrsur,rs AND DrscussroNHigh scores on the WAnT are meant to indicate high anaer_obic fitness. Some of those anaerobic factors ,"port"dlyzassociated with higher scores are (1) greater capacity top-roduce lactic acid; (2) greater stores oi the phosphagens;(3) greater buffering capacity; and (4) a combination ofgreater motivation and greater torerance of discomfort. Asmentioned in the introduction to this test, however, aerobicmetabolism, thus aerobic fitness, plays a small but signifi_cant part in this all-out exercise bout that lasts for 30 s.
Although it would be impossible for persons to main-tain their peak or mean Wingate anaerobic power for an en_tire minute. these anaerobic indices make fir an interestingcomparison with minute_based power levels that are fre_quently prescribed for aerobic cycle ergometry. For exam_ple, 200 W might be considered a heavy aerobic intensityfor typical males, whereas the mean anaerobic powers mayrange from 450 W25 to 563 W36 on the WAnT.
The scores presented in Table 9.2 are for comparativepurposes. They should not be used to classify people be_cause they are not based upon large representative samplesor equal force settings. Also, some studies may have usedtoe stirrups, which may increase peak and mean anaerobicpower by 5*12 To.31 When comparing genders, there arelarge differences between average men and women whenpeak and mean anaerobic power are expressed in absoluteterms, but these differences are reduced when expressed inrelative terms of body mass or fat-free mass.35
The percentiles listed in Table 9.3 are based on menand women between the ages of 1g y arrd2g y at a forcesetting of 7.5 Vo BM. The average men,s and women,speak anaerobic powers are about 700 W and 455 W, re_spectively; their relative peak anaerobic powers are about
Eq.9.6a
Mean anaerobic power = l5 930 J / 30 s = 531 W Eq. 9.6bRelative mean anaerobic power (W.tg-r;
= Mean anaerobic power (W) / Body wt (kg) Eq. 9.6c
Assume: Mean anaerobic power = 531 W; Body wt = g0 kgRelative mean anaerobic power = 53l W / g0 kg
= 6.6W.kg-1 Eq. 9.6d
Fatigue fndex
The fatigue index reflects the degree offatigue over the en_tire WAnT. Those individuals exhibiting a-tigtrer fatigueindex do so because they are unable to maintain their powerlevel over the duration of the test due to a greater level ofneuromuscular fatigue. The fatigue index is calculated asthe percent decrease in power (p) from the highest power(usually recorded during the first 5 s interval) to the lowestpower (usually the last 5 s interval), as seen in Equation9.7a. A participant starting wirh a power of 70g W (highestpower) during the first 5 s interval and ending with a plwerof 354 W (lowest power) in the last 5 s wo-rlO have a fa_tigue index of 50 Vo, as seen in Equation 9.7b.
Fatigue index (Vo) = [Highesr p (W) _ Lowest p (W)/ Highest P (W)l x 100 Eq.93a
Comparative Data for the Wingate Anaerobic TestPeak Anaerobic powerr yv^ ^,,qe, vu,v ruwsr Mean Anaerobic poweryf,f -ffi,"
MenRelative(w.kg{)
Nonathletes (18y-2gy) 7.5 7oo g.2 16.9 56gNonathletes (18y-2ag 7.s s4O a.2 13.s 450Nonathletes (2sy-3H.yl z.F zoo g.2 16.2 040Nonathletes (35y-44y) 7.s 660 8.6 1s.O 500cyclists (category t-il) 10.0 1125 14.7 27.1 903
?""i:T (catesory ll-lv) e'5 e63 18.3 2s.s 7Bs
Nonathletes (18y-28y) 7.s 4s4 7.6 11.4 gB1Active women l.s 561 9.0 13.6 453
7.3
7.0
7.2
6.6
11.8
10.8
6.3
7.2Sources; Data from lnbar & Bar-Or (1 9SO)r.; .l".oO
CHAPTER g Anaerobic Cycling 95
Category for Absolute and Relative Peak and Mean Anaerobic Power and Fatigue Indexby Gender
Peak Anaerobic Power Mean Anaerobic Power
Men WomenMen Women Fatigue lndex
Category VoileAbsolute Relative Absolute Belative
(W) (W.kgr) (W) W.ksr)Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Men Women(W) (W.ksr) (W) (W.ksr) ("/") %l
Well above ave '|1-l 602 677 7.5
Above average
23
27
30
30
9.0
8.9
8.8
8.6
90
85
80
75
822807
777
768
10.9
10.6
10.4
10.4
560
530
527
518
662631
618
604
8.2
8.1
8.0
8.0
470437
419
414
7.3
7.'l
7.0
6.9
25
25
26
28
Average
31
35
38
40
43
70
60
50
40
30
757
721
689
671
656
10.2
9.8
9.2
8.9
8.5
505
480
449
432399
8.5
8.1
7.6
7.O
6.9
600
577
565
548
530
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.1
7.0
410
391
381
367
353
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.2
6.0
29
34
35
38
40
25
20
Below average 15
10
646 8.3 396 6.8
618 8.2 376 6.6
594 7.4 362 6.4
570 7.1 353 6.0
42
44
44
47
521
496
485471
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.0
347
337
320306
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.3
45
47
47
52
Well below ave 5.7 5.6 5.1
Mean
s.D.MinimumMaximum
700
95
500
927
9.21.4
5.3
1 t.9
455
81
239623
7.6
1.2
4.6
10.6
563
67
441
711
7.30.9
4.6
9.1
381
56
235529
6.40.7
4.5
8.1
38 35
10815 18
58 49
Source. Data from Maud & Slutz (1989).36
Total work
(kJ)
ll40 50
Age (v)
Figure 9.4 The relationship between age and total work(kJ) in males and females 15-70 y of age on an isokineticcycle ergometer. Source: Modified from Makrides,Heigenhauser, McCartney, & Jones (1 985).32
9.2 W.kg-t and7.6 W.kg 1, respectively. The mean anaer-
obic powers are about 563 W and 381 W, respectively;their relative mean anaerobic powers are about 7.3 W'kg-land 6.4 W.kg-t, respectively.
Anaerobic power and work values in a wide age range
of adults are scarce in the literature. However, the values
from one group of investigators3z may be helpful despite
their use of an isokinetic cycle ergometer, which makes
comparisons with the traditional mechanically braked er-gometer's scores less valid. Their participants, aged 15-70y, pedaled with maximal effort for 30 s at a constant 60 rpm.
96 PART lll Anaerobic Fitness
The torque exerted on the pedals, which allowed the calcu-
lation of peak power, mean power, and total work, showed a
6 7o decrease in these indices for each age decade. As withthe norms in Table 9.3, the values in this wider age group
demonstrated that the women's anaerobic indices wereabout two-thirds of the men's values (see Figure 9.4).
References
1. Abler, P., Foster, C., Thompson, N. N., Crowe, M.,Alt, K., Brophy, A., & Palin, W. D. (1986).
Determinants of anaerobic muscular performance.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 18,
Abstract #3, S1.
20
18
16
14
12
10
Chapter PreyiedReview
What is the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT)?
How do the energy systems contribute to the WAnT?
What are the typical force settings (kg per kg of body weight)used in the WAnT?
What is the fatigue index and how is it calculated?
What are four factors reportedly associated with higherscores on the Wingate Test?
What is the effect of aging on total work during cycling?
What are average absolute and relative peak and meananaerobic power scores for a man and for a woman?
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