expansion began in 1931 when japan invaded and took over manchuria (north east china) japan claimed...

Expansion began in 1931 when Japan invaded and took over Manchuria (north east China) Japan claimed China attacked a Japanese railroad built

in Manchuria.

Japan seeks a Pacific Empire

•The war in Manchuria took longer than expected and brought Japan to the realization that they needed a supply of un-interrupted resources.•The only location was SE Asia which was currently controlled by European colonies.

• Up until July of 1941, America was supplying Japan with its oil, but Japan took over French Indochina (Vietnam) so she ended exports to Japan.

• All the European countries were pretty much unable to respond to Japan’s aggression. Japan realized that to complete their vision, only the U.S. stood in the way.

• They thought that if they could destroy America’s navy in a surprise attack (which just coincidently was parked nicely in rows in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii) it would be years before America could respond. They would find out that they greatly underestimated American resolve.

Isoroku Yamamoto

Japan’s greatest naval strategist

and head of their navy. He died in 1943,

shot down in a plane by U.S. over Solomon

Islands

December 7, 1941

• A morning attack that lasted 2 hours, 18 ships A morning attack that lasted 2 hours, 18 ships damaged or sunk which included all 8 of our damaged or sunk which included all 8 of our battleships, 3500 military casualties – Japan had about battleships, 3500 military casualties – Japan had about 70 casualties70 casualties

They also destroyed most of the Air force we had in

Hawaii

Sinking of the USS Arizona

• December 7, 1941, a date that will live in infamy (disgrace, notoriety, scandal)

Japanese Victories

• Japan’s strategy after destroying the American fleet was to capture these locations (they did it in 6 months!):

• Malaysia & Burma, • Also…

Indonesia

The island of Guam

Wake Island

• All of the 98 captured Americans that remained on the island. They were taken to the northern end of the island, blindfolded, and machine-gunned.

• One prisoner escaped the massacre, carving the message "98 US PW 5-10-43" on a large coral rock near where the victims had been hastily buried in a mass grave. This unknown American was soon recaptured and beheaded.

Fall of Singapore

PHILIPPINES

• What would be considered a war crime was after Japan conquered the Philippines, the surrendering force of 75,000 Filipino & American soldiers were forced to march 60 of the 90 miles to the internment camps

• The Japanese commander, Homma, was executed in 1946 for his war crimes..

Those who fell behind were usually executed or left to die; the sides of the roads became littered with dead bodies and those begging for help. A number of prisoners were further

diminished by malaria, heat, dehydration, and dysentery

The dead were

between 11,000 & 18,000

Allies Strike Back

• To make a statement, the U.S. sent 2 aircraft carriers towards Japan

• 16 B-25 bombers under Lt. Col James Doolittle attacked & bombed Tokyo.

• Although little damage was done (and the crews had to bailout in China because they didn’t have enough fuel to get back to the carriers) it did send a message that Japan could be attacked & the war wasn’t over yet!

• Picture is of the Enterprise & Hornet carriers

• The raid raised American morale

Although little damage

was done (and the

crews had to bailout in

China because they didn’t have enough fuel to get back

to the carriers) it did send a

message that Japan could be attacked & the war

wasn’t over yet!

Battle of Midway

• The Allied forces stopped Japanese expansion at the Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942

• Now they planned on attacking Midway Island. The US intercepted a message and discovered 150 Japanese ships were heading there.

Admiral Nimitz’s plan was to let the Japanese attack and when their planes came back to refuel, (and were very

vulnerable) the American bombers would attack

• The Yorktown aircraft carrier going down

• The final results:• US lost 2 ships, 98 planes, 307 died• Japan – 5 ships (all 4 of their aircraft

carriers), 332 planes, 3,057 died

Japan would never be successful offensively again. This battle turned the tide of the war against Japan

MacArthur goes on

offensive • “Hit them where they

ain’t”. Hit the ones least defended.

• He decided to take easy targets and just isolate the Japanese forces, then pick them off one at a time. This was called “Island Hopping”

• August, 1942 they landed the Marines on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands

• The Japanese called it “The Island of Death”. The Americans just called it “hell”

• The battle (and the surrounding battles) lasted from Aug 1942 – Feb 1943

• Air & Sea Losses• Japan - 30, 000 dead, 38 ships sunk, over 800 aircraft destroyed• America – 7,000 dead, 29 ships sunk, 615 aircraft destroyed

One thing the Japanese didn’t do is surrender – only 1,000 were captured

at Guadalcanal

• “The inciter of war, the prolonger of war”

• Propaganda started as ugly campaign against Jews & evolved into harassment.

• Hatred against Jews had deep historical roots

Life was made difficult for people who were Jewish.

1935: two Jewish pupils

are humiliated before their classmates.

The inscription on

the blackboard reads "The Jew is our greatest enemy!

Beware of the Jew!".

• They were not allowed to hold public office• The Nuremburg Laws of 1935 deprived them the rights to

German citizenship, jobs, & property

• To make it easier to identify, they had to wear a bright yellow star attached to their clothing

Cutting off an elderly man’s beard

• After the shooting of a employee of the German Embassy in Paris in Nov 1938, the Nazis systematically destroyed thousands of shops, Jewish homes, and synagogues

• It was known as Kristallnacht, or “The Night of Broken Glass”

• This German rally says ”The Jews are our misfortune”

• Hitler’s 1st answer to the “Jewish problem” was to let them emigrate. (those that hadn’t fled Germany yet)

• Other countries were resistant towards the idea of having thousands of people pour into their countries (especially cultures that shared Germany’s views)

• This is a picture of German Jews resettling in Shanghai, China

• With around 11 million Jews in Europe and Russia, Hitler needed a way to control their movements so he had all Jews moved to Ghettos, or segregated Jewish areas. They were the worst slums in major cities.

Putting up a wall to keep

them separated

• Some Jews formed resistance within the ghettos• This is a picture of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

as a German gun crew readies to fire on a building

Although not successful it did cause the Germans to use valuable troops that could have been fighting Russians.

• The perception that they could starve Jews was a slow process so the Nazis implemented the strategy called the Final Solution.

Entrance to the notorious death camp, Auschwitz in Poland. The sign at the entrance translated says,

“Work makes one free”

They built concentration camps designed only for killing called Death Camps. Railroads were the

quickest and most efficient way to rid Europe of the Jewish population.

Rail lines were built right into the prison for easy delivery

• Warsaw ghetto after the uprising – pretty much leveled.

With a leather shortage, the millions of shoes confiscated help alleviate that

shortage

The Gas Chamber

These showers

weren’t meant to clean off

dirt

“Move over” – these slots slept 3 at a time

“Hope you’re not shy” The latrine

Mass Grave at Belsen

Auschwitz, PolandDeath Camp - 1.1 Million died

Buchenwald concentration camp, Germany55,000 died (notice the hooks used to hang

prisoners in multiples)

Dachau, Germany (near Munich)Concentration Camp, but mainly a work camp. It was the

1st built in Germany. 32,000 died (shown are crematorium ovens)

Portable Alter used by priests

(including Father Kremer) at

Dachau

Majdanek, PolandCombo Death & Concentration Camp

360,000 Died

Mauthausen, Austria Concentration Camp120,000 Died

Belzec, Poland – 600,000 died. Camp was only open for 9 months in 1942 before the Nazis

destroyed all traces of it

Chelmno, Poland

Death Camp320,000 Died(Photo taken right before they entered

the Gas Chamber)

Camp destroyed by Nazis in 1944

Sobibor, PolandDeath Camp – 250,000 diedCamp only open 19 months

After the escape, the SS removed all evidence Oct 1943

Treblinka, PolandDeath Camp – 800,000 – 1.4 million

Camp was only open 9 months - notice no barracks for sleepingThis camp was made for 1 purpose only - dismantled by SS in April,

1943