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Trevor Noah, below, the host of “TheDaily Show,” describes in a new bookhis harrowing South African childhoodas the son of a Xhosa mother and aSwiss-German father. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-6

Memoir of a Biracial BoyhoodThe expansion of state Medicaid pro-grams under the Affordable Care Acthas brought coverage to previouslyuninsured shooting victims. PAGE D1

SCIENCE TIMES D1-6

After the Bullets Hit

Jimmy Carter PAGE A25

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A24-25

SHAKTOOLIK, Alaska — Inthe dream, a storm came andBetsy Bekoalok watched the riverrise on one side of the village andthe ocean on the other, the waterswallowing up the brightly col-ored houses, the fishing boats andthe four-wheelers, the school andthe clinic.

She dived into the floodwaters,frantically searching for her son.Bodies drifted past her in the half-darkness. When she finally foundthe boy, he, too, was lifeless.

“I picked him up and broughthim back from the ocean’s bot-tom,” Ms. Bekoalok remembered.

The Inupiat people who for cen-turies have hunted and fished onAlaska’s western coast believethat some dreams are portents ofthings to come.

But here in Shaktoolik, oneneed not be a prophet to predictflooding, especially during the fallstorms.

Laid out on a narrow spit ofsand between the TagoomenikRiver and the Bering Sea, the vil-lage of 250 or so people is facing animminent threat from increasedflooding and erosion, signs of achanging climate.

With its proximity to the Arctic,Alaska is warming about twice asfast as the rest of the United Statesand the state is heading for thewarmest year on record. The gov-ernment has identified at least 31Alaskan towns and cities at immi-nent risk of destruction, with

Climate Change Pushes TownsIn Alaska to Wrenching Choice

By ERICA GOODE

Brightly colored houses line the single road in Shaktoolik, Alaska, where the waters are rising.JOSH HANER/THE NEW YORK TIMES

CARBON’S CASUALTIES

A Threatened Village Prepares

Continued on Page A12

WASHINGTON — In the firstfew months of Donald J. Trump’spresidency, if recent history is anyguide, intelligence officials willmeet to discuss a terrorism sus-pect living abroad. This suspectmight become the next target forthe nation’s not-so-secret droneforce. Or maybe, Mr. Trump’s ad-visers could decide, he is worthtrying to capture.

Under President Obama, secu-rity officials have followed a famil-iar script once they have takensomeone into custody. They askan allied country to conduct the in-terrogation, or instead questionthe suspect aboard an Americanwarship using military interroga-tion techniques, then turn himover to the Justice Department forprosecution in a civilian court in-side the United States.

Mr. Trump campaigned on apromise to bring back water-boarding, a banned method previ-ously used by C.I.A. interrogators,and allow unspecified practices hecalled “a hell of a lot worse.” Thepresident-elect said in an inter-view last week that he had heardcompelling arguments that tor-ture was not effective, though it isnot clear whether he intends to re-treat from his position.

If he moves ahead to fulfill hiscampaign pledge, it will not beeasy. Federal law, internationalpressure and resistance from in-side the C.I.A. stand in his way.Even if he overcomes those obsta-cles, the toll of America’s agoniz-ing treatment of captives has left alegacy of harm that will make itharder for Trump administrationlawyers to justify resuming use ofthe tactics.

Dozens of prisoners developedpersistent psychological prob-lems after enduring torture andother brutal interrogation tacticsin secret C.I.A. prisons or at the

PLAN TO REVIVEWATERBOARDINGFACES OBSTACLES

A TRUMP CAMPAIGN VOW

Return to Torture TacticsWould Set Off Legal

and Moral Fight

By MATT APUZZOand JAMES RISEN

Continued on Page A19

BEIRUT, Lebanon — With theSyrian government making largeterritorial gains in Aleppo onMonday, routing rebel fightersand sending thousands of peoplefleeing for their lives, PresidentBashar al-Assad is starting to lookas if he may survive the uprising,even in the estimation of some ofhis staunchest opponents.

Yet, Mr. Assad’s victory, if heshould achieve it, may well bePyrrhic: He would rule over aneconomic wasteland hampered bya low-level insurgency with noend in sight, diplomats and ex-perts in the Middle East and else-where say.

As rebel forces in Aleppo ab-sorbed the harshest blow sincethey seized more than half the cityfour years ago, residents reportedseeing people cut down in thestreets as they searched franti-cally for shelter. The assault punc-tuated months of grinding battlethat has destroyed entire neigh-borhoods of the city, once Syria’slargest and an industrial hub.

If Aleppo fell, the Syrian gov-ernment would control the coun-try’s five largest cities and most ofits more populous west. Thatwould leave the rebels fightingMr. Assad with only the northernprovince of Idlib and a few iso-lated pockets of territory inAleppo and Homs Provinces andaround the capital, Damascus.

But analysts doubted thatwould put an end to five years ofwar that have driven five millionSyrians into exile and killed atleast a quarter of a million people.

Ryan C. Crocker, a veteran di-plomat in the Middle East, includ-

Assad’s PrizeIf He Prevails:Syria in Tatters

A Nation of Insurgencyand Economic Ruin

By ALISSA J. RUBIN

Continued on Page A10

HAVANA — It seemed like afresh moment in a long and trou-bled history.

Thousands of Cubans bidfarewell to Fidel Castro on Mon-day, filing into a plaza where he of-ten railed against American impe-rialism. The same morning, thefirst regularly scheduled flightfrom the United States in morethan 50 years landed in Havana, apotent example of the newlyopened doors between the formerrivals.

But President-elect Donald J.Trump warned on Monday thatthe push to build ties with Cuba af-ter decades of animosity couldquickly be wiped away.

“If Cuba is unwilling to make abetter deal for the Cuban people,the Cuban/American people andthe U.S. as a whole, I will termi-

nate deal,” he said on Twitter.Mr. Trump’s message threat-

ened to end one of President Oba-ma’s signature foreign policy ini-tiatives. Mr. Obama’s moves to re-lax restrictions on commerce,trade and financial transactionswith Cuba were never part of asingle “deal,” but rather a decisionthat engagement with the islandnation would bring more changethan decades of isolation.

“Change is going to come toCuba,” Mr. Obama said shortly af-ter announcing the thaw in De-cember 2014. “It has to.”

Since then, the number ofAmerican visitors to Cuba has ris-en quickly, with hotels in Havanasometimes being booked nearly ayear in advance, often with largeAmerican tour groups. Billions ofdollars in goods from Americanstores like Walmart and Best Buy,financed on American credit

Trump’s Threat to Close DoorReopens Old Wounds in Cuba

This article is by Damien Cave,Azam Ahmed and Julie HirschfeldDavis.

Cubans paying respects to Fidel Castro on Monday at Plaza de la Revolución in Havana, where he often railed against America.TOMAS MUNITA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A8

Dylann S. Roof, accused of killing ninepeople in a Charleston, S.C., church, willconduct his own defense. PAGE A16

NATIONAL A11-21

Suspect to Represent Himself

China is tightening control over a settle-ment that includes the world’s largestTibetan institute. Supporters call it ablow to religious practice. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-10

Destruction at Tibet Treasure

Germany has become a major globaltest case for how the social networkpolices what may be published online,and how it should respond to inappro-priate and illegal content. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-7

Facebook’s Hate Speech Test

A $1.7 billion rehabilitation for the agingworkhorse roadway will focus on thetri-level section topped by the BrooklynHeights Promenade. PAGE A22

NEW YORK A22-23

More Repairs for the B.Q.E.

The Mets’ Curtis Granderson tirelesslysupports charities in New York and inthe Chicago area, where he grew up.Sports of The Times. PAGE B8

SPORTSTUESDAY B8-13

A Most Charitable Player The sale and quick resale of a newlydiscovered painting by the Renaissancemaster has entangled Sotheby’s in adispute between a Swiss art dealer anda billionaire Russian collector. PAGE C1

A Leonardo Sold and Resold

A student at Ohio State Univer-sity intentionally rammed a carinto pedestrians on a busy cam-pus sidewalk on Monday morningand then began slashing passers-by with a butcher knife, the au-thorities said, injuring 11 studentsand faculty and staff members,and setting off panic at one of thenation’s largest public universi-ties.

A university police officer fa-tally shot the suspect within abouta minute of the attack, but thesprawling campus in Columbus,Ohio, remained on lockdown forabout an hour and a half as peopleran for cover and barricadedthemselves in academic buildingsand dorms.

Investigators were looking intowhether the attack was an act ofterrorism and were seeking infor-mation on the student, Abdul Ar-tan, a permanent United Statesresident from Somalia who wasstudying logistics management atOhio State.

The F.B.I. was investigatingcomments on Facebook indicatingthat he may have felt Muslimswere being persecuted, an investi-

11 Are InjuredIn a Rampage

At Ohio StateThis article is by Mitch Smith,

Richard Pérez-Peña and AdamGoldman.

Continued on Page A14

WASHINGTON — If Presi-dent-elect Donald J. Trumpwanted a cabinet secretary whocould help him dismantle and re-place President Obama’s healthcare law, he could not have foundanyone more prepared than Rep-resentative Tom Price, who hasbeen studying how to accomplishthat goal for more than six years.

Mr. Price, an orthopedic sur-geon who represents many of thenorthern suburbs of Atlanta,speaks with the self-assurance ofa doctor about to perform anotherjoint-replacement procedure. Heknows the task and will proceedwith brisk efficiency.

Mr. Trump has picked Mr. Price,a six-term Republican congress-man, to be secretary of health andhuman services, according to atransition team official.

Also on Monday, Mr. Trump metwith David H. Petraeus, the highly

decorated but scandal-scarredformer military commander, whohas emerged as a new contenderfor secretary of state. [Page A18.]

While some Republicans haveattacked the Af-fordable CareAct withoutproposing an al-ternative, Mr.Price has intro-duced bills offer-ing a detailed,comprehensivereplacementplan in every

Congress since 2009, when Demo-crats started work on the legisla-tion. Many of his ideas are includ-ed in the “Better Way” agenda is-sued several months ago byHouse Republicans.

In debate on the AffordableCare Act in 2009, Mr. Price railed

Fierce Critic of Health Care LawSaid to Be Pick for Health Dept.

By ROBERT PEAR

Tom Price

Continued on Page A17

VOL. CLXVI . . . No. 57,431 © 2016 The New York Times Company TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2016