famous fdr speech before the war quarantine speech –october 1937 –fdr’s appeal to help...
Post on 25-Dec-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Famous FDR Speech before the War
• Quarantine Speech – October 1937– FDR’s appeal to help Europeans from fascist
aggressors– “quarantine of aggressor nations”
• Four Freedoms Speech– Made January 1941– Freedom of:
• Speech• Worship• Fear• Want
– Became basis for United Nations
Relationship with Japan Worsens
• 1940: Japan invades French Indochina– U.S. stops exporting oil to Japan– U.S. moves Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor
• 1941: Japan begins to plan attack against U.S.– Japan wants to invade Dutch East Indies for
oil– Believes the U.S. will try to prevent
• Both sides engaged in negotiations to prevent war– Only the U.S. was serious
Attack on Pearl Harbor• December 7,
1941– 353 Japanese
Airplanes– 6 Japanese
Aircraft Carriers
– 2 hours– 2,403 killed
War Declared
• December 8, 1941 the U.S. declares war on Japan– Only 1 dissenting
vote in Congress
• December 11, 1941 Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S.
The Big Three• Un-easy alliance
between Stalin, FDR & Churchill– The enemy of my
enemy is my friend
• Work together to 1st defeat Hitler, then concentrate on Japan
• Stalin wanted Britain & U.S. to re-open the Western Front
Battle of StalingradAug 1942 - Feb 1943
• Biggest battle between Germany & Soviet Union
• Intense city battle• Germany loses, but Soviet Union
sustains heavy losses• Turning Point of European Theater
– Hitler now fighting defensively
Operation TorchNorth African Campaign
• Axis powers, led by General Rommel, control North Africa
• Allies believe this is the weakest area & plan to invade
• Operation lasts from Nov 1942 – May 1943
Gen. Erwin Rommel,
The “Desert Fox”
Gen. Erwin Rommel,
The “Desert Fox”
Operation TorchNorth African Campaign
• Gen. George Patton leads American troops
• Major defeat of Axis Powers at the Battle of El Alamein
The Italian Campaign :Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
The Italian Campaign :Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
• Invasion began in July 1943
• Led by Patton• Slow going • Liberated Rome in
June 1944• Fighting continued
until Spring 1945
D-Day (June 6, 1944)• Britain & the U.S. decide to re-open the
Western Front• Decision made to invade France at
Normandy• Called Operation Overlord• Led by General Dwight
Eisenhower
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
Higgins Landing Higgins Landing CraftsCrafts
German German PrisonersPrisoners
D-Day (June 6, 1944)• Will be successful• Allies begin moving east toward Germany
while the Soviet Union moves west• Paris liberated August 25, 1944
Battle of the Bulge• Hitler’s last offensive battle• Trying to break Allied supply line in
Belgium Ardennes• Will lose
Dec. 16, 1944Dec. 16, 1944toto
Jan. 28, 1945Jan. 28, 1945
Yalta Conference: February, 1945
Yalta Conference: February, 1945
• Stalin agrees to enter war against Japan 3 months after German surrender.
• All agreed to free European elections after the war
• Established the basics of the U.N.• Germany will be divided into zones of
influence after the war
U.S. & Russian Soldiers Victory
• April 25, 1945 – Allied troops from the West & East meet at the Elbe River
• Head north toward Berlin
War Ends in Europe• Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945• May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders• May 8, 1945: VE Day
The Philippines• Dec 1941: Japan gains
control of U.S Guam, Wake Island, & Gilbert Islands
• Wants the Philippines• General Douglas
MacArthur forced to leave– “I shall return”
• Philippines under Japanese control by March 1942
Bataan Death March• American troops in
Philippines become POW• Forced to march 60 miles
on Bataan Peninsula to prison camp
• Were tortured & killed along the way
• 18,000 troops (U.S. & Filipinos) did not make it
U.S. Battle Japan at Sea• Battle of Coral Sea
(May 1942)• Battle of Midway
(June 1942)– Turning Point
Island Hopping• Developed by MacArthur• Need land close to Japan to stage an
invasion• Begin with least fortified islands• Amphibious Attack• Starts with Guadalcanal
Japanese Kamikaze Planes• Japanese losing
by mid 1943– Not the industrial
giant the U.S. is
• Begin using Kamikaze attacks in 1944– Pilot flies his
plane into U.S. ship
MacArthur Returns to the Philippines
• Oct 1944: U.S. has won the battle of Luzon & Leyte Gulf
• MacArthur has recaptured the Philippines
Iwo Jima & Okinawa• U.S. capture Iwo Jima Feb 1945• Fierce fighting on Okinawa until April
1945• U.S. now within striking distance &
will prepare for invasion
Potsdam ConferenceJuly 1945
• FDR dead• Stalin agrees to
declare war on Japan
• They warn Japan to unconditionally surrender or face “complete and utter destruction”
P.M. Clement President JosephP.M. Clement President Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin Atlee Truman Stalin
Manhattan Project• Established in 1942 to
develop an atomic weapon• Success! July 16, 1945
tested the Trinity bomb at Alamogordo, NM
Dr. Robert Dr. Robert OppenheimerOppenheimer
Hiroshima & Nagasaki• August 6, 1945: “Little Boy” dropped
on Hiroshima• August 9, 1945: “Fat Man” dropped
on Nagasaki• Controversial decision made to spare
U.S. lives
Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945• 70,000 killed 70,000 killed
immediately.immediately.• 100,000s died of 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning & radiation poisoning & cancer later.cancer later.
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
• 40,000 killed 40,000 killed immediatelyimmediately
• 100,000s died of100,000s died ofradiation poisoningradiation poisoning& cancer later.& cancer later.
Costs of WWIIDirect Costs of the War
Military Killed/MIA
Civilians Killed
United States $288 Billion 292,131 XX
Great Britain $117 Billion 271,311 60,595
France $111.3 Billion
205,707 173,260
USSR $93 Billion 13,600,000 7,720,000
Germany $212.3 Billion
3,300,000 2,893,000
Japan $41.3 Billion 1,140,429 953,000
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later
20th century
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later
20th century
top related