far part 91

FAR Part 91

FAR 91.3• As the PIC you are directly

responsible and the final authority as to the operation of that airplane

• In emergencies you may deviate from the FARs to the extent need for safety

FAR 91.3

• If you do deviate, you may be required to file a written report with the FAA

FAR 91.7

• You may not operate an aircraft that is not airworthy

• You as the PIC determine if the aircraft is fit for flight

FAR 91.9• You may not operate an aircraft that

has an approved flight manual unless that manual is aboard the aircraft

• You may not operate contrary to any limitations specified in that manual

FAR 91.13

• You may not operate your airplane in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another

FAR 91.15

• Dropping objects is not prohibited as long as you take reasonable precautions to avoid injury to persons or property

FAR 91.17

• When may you not attempt to act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft, after consuming alcoholic beverages?

FAR 91.17

• When may you not attempt to act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft, after consuming alcoholic beverages?

• While under the influence of alcohol

FAR 91.17

• Within 8 hours after consuming any alcoholic beverage

• While having .04% by weight or more of alcohol in your blood

FAR 91.21

• When may you not allow passengers to use portable electronic devices

FAR 91.21• When may you not allow

passengers to use portable electronic devices

• Air Carrier

• Any other aircraft when flying IFR

FAR 91.21• What portable electronic devices

are exempt from this rule?

• Voice recorders

• Hearing aids

• Pacemakers

FAR 91.21

• electric shavers

• Other devices that do not interfere with the communication or navigation systems

FAR 91.23• Truth in Leasing Clause Requirement in

Leases and Conditional Sales Contracts

• To operate a large civil aircraft of US Registry which is subject to a lease, the lessee must have mailed a copy of the lease to the FAA in Oklahoma City within 24 hours of its execution

FAR 91.103

• What are pilots required to familiarize themselves with prior to a flight?

FAR 91.103• All available information

• Particularly - runway lengths and takeoff and landing distances

FAR 91.103

• IFR - Weather reports and forecasts - Fuel requirements - Alternatives available if planned flight cannot be completed - known traffic delays

FAR 91.105• When must crewmembers have

their seatbelts fastened?

• When at their crewmember station

• When must a crewmember have his shoulder harness fastened?

• During takeoff and landing

FAR 91.107

• What is your responsibility with respect to passengers and safety belts, shoulder harness and child restraint systems?

FAR 91.107• What is your responsibility with

respect to passengers and safety belts, shoulder harness and child restraint systems?

FAR 91.107• You may not take off without briefing

your passengers on how to fasten and unfasten their safety belts and shoulder harness if installed

• You must notify them to fasten their safety belts and shoulder harness (if installed)

FAR 91.107• Before the airplane can taxi, takeoff or land

• During taxiing, takeoff and landing, each passenger who is 2 years of age or older must be in a seat with with the safety belt and shoulder harness (if installed) fastened

91.109

• To conduct simulated instrument flight what are the requirements for a safety pilot?

91.109• To conduct simulated instrument flight

what are the requirements for a safety pilot?

• Private Pilot with category and class rating appropriate to the airplane being flown

• Medical certificate

91.111

• You may not operate so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard.

• What are the requirements for formation flight?

91.111

• Cannot do it, except by arrangement with the PIC of each aircraft

• Not authorized when carrying passengers for hire

91.113

• What are the right of way rules?

91.113• Converging aircraft to the right has

right of way - Balloon, gliders and airships have right-of-way over airplanes - Aircraft towing or refueling other aircraft have the right-of-way over engine driven aircraft

91.113

• Head on - alter course to the right

• Overtaking - aircraft being overtaken has the right-of-way

91.113• Landing aircraft have the right-of-

way over other aircraft in flight or on the ground - Two aircraft approaching to land the lower has the right-of-way - you cannot take advantage of this rule the cut in front of another aircraft

91.121

• At what altitude do you change your altimeter setting to 29.92?

91.121

• At what altitude do you change your altimeter setting to 29.92?

• 18,000 feet

91.123

• When can you deviate from an ATC clearance?

91.123• When can you deviate from an ATC

clearance?

• Obtain an amended clearance

• An emergency exists

• In response to a traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) resolution advisory

91.144• No person can initiate a flight contrary

to the requirements established by the FAA and published in NOTAMs when the barometric pressure on the route of flight currently exceeds or will exceed what barometric setting?

91.144

• 31.00

91.155

• What are the basic cloud clearances in Class C, D, and E airspace below 10,000 feet?

91.155• What are the basic cloud

clearances in Class C, D, and E airspace below 10,000 feet?

• 3 SM visibility

• 1,000 above - 500 below - 2,000 Horizontally

91.155

• What are the basic visibility and cloud clearances in Class E above 10,000 feet?

91.155• What are the basic visibility and

cloud clearances in Class E above 10,000 feet?

• 5 SM visibility

• 1,000 below - 1,000 above - 1 SM horizontally

91.159

• What are the specified cruise altitudes for flights more than 3,000 feet AGL and below 18,000 feet?

91.159

• IFR - East odd thousand

• West even thousands

• VFR - East odd thousands + 500 feet

• West even thousands + 500 feet

91.167

• What are the IFR fuel requirements when an alternate is required?

91.167

• What are the IFR fuel requirements when an alternate is required?

• Fuel to fly to the destination, fly to the alternate and thereafter fly for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed

91.169

• For an airport to be listed as an alternate, the forecast weather at the time of arrival must be at or above what minimums?

91.169• For an airport to be listed as an

alternate, the forecast weather at the time of arrival must be at or above what minimums?

91.169• Nonprecision approach - 800 ft and 2

SM

• Precision approach - 600 ft and 2 SM

• No approach - allow descent from the MEA, approach, and landing under basic VFR

91.171

• To operate an aircraft IFR what the requirements for the VOR?

91.171• Operationally checked within 30

days to a tolerance of +4 for ground checks, +6 for airborne checks

• Enter the date, place, and bearing error and sign the aircraft log or other record

91.175• When making an IFR approach

when can you operate below the DH or MDA?

91.175• When the airplane is in a position

to land at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers

• Flight visibility is not less than the prescribed visibility on the approach chart

91.175

• You maintain visual reference with one of the following

–Approach light system

–Runway threshold

–Threshold markings

91.175–Threshold lights

–Runway End identifier lights

–VASI

–Touchdown zone markings

–Touchdown zone lights

91.175

–Runway or runway markings

–Runway lights

91.175

• What are the takeoff minimums when operating under Part 91?

91.175

• NONE

91.175

• What are the takeoff minimums when operating under Parts 121, 125, 127, 129 or 135?

91.175• What are the takeoff minimums

when operating under Parts 121, 125, 127, 129 or 135?

• Two engines or less - 1 SM

• More than two engines - 1/2 SM

91.175

• A visibility of 1/2 SM would have an RVR or what comparable value?

91.175

• A visibility of 1/2 SM would have an RVR or what comparable value?

• 2,400 feet

91.175

• On an instrument approach chart, what does No PT mean?

91.175

• On an instrument approach chart, what does No PT mean?

• No procedure turn

91.175

• What are the components of the ILS system?

91.175• Localizer

• Glide Slope

• Outer marker

• Middle marker

• Inner marker for Categories II and III

• Approach lighting system

91.175• Surveillance radar or DME , VOR or

ADF fixes authorized by the instrument approach procedure may be substituted for the outer marker

• What may be substituted for the middle marker?

91.175

• What may be substituted for the middle marker?

• Compass locator or precision radar

91.177

• Over designated mountainous terrain what is the minimum altitude for IFR flight?

91.177

• Over designated mountainous terrain what is the minimum altitude for IFR flight?

• 2,000 above the highest obstacle within a 4 NM of the course to be flown

91.177

• Where do you find the designation of Mountainous areas?

91.177

• Where do you find the designation of Mountainous areas?

• Aeronautical Information Manual

91.183

• How do your reporting responsibilities differ when operating in nonradar as opposed to operating under radar control?

91.183

• Under radar control you must report only those points specified by ATC, in nonradar you must report the time and altitude of passing each designated reporting point

91.187

• If you have a malfunction of navigational, approach or communications equipment occurring during flight you must make a malfunction report

91.205

• For a flight for hire over water beyond power-off gliding distance from shore, what are the flotation gear requirements?

91.205

• For a flight for hire over water beyond power-off gliding distance from shore, what are the flotation gear requirements?

• It must be readily available to each occupant

91.205

• An anticollision light system is required for powered aircraft during VFR night flight

• An electric landing light is required for VFR night flight when operated for hire

91.207

• What are the requirements for ELT batteries?

91.207

• What are the requirements for ELT batteries?

• Must be replaced after one hour of cumulative use or after 50% of their useful life expires

91.209

• When must position lights be displayed?

91.209

• When must position lights be displayed?

• Sunset to sunrise

91.211

• What are the supplemental oxygen requirements for crewmembers?

91.211• What are the supplemental oxygen

requirements for crewmembers?

• 12,500 to 14,000 for any time in excess of 30 minutes

• above 14,000 feet must be provided and used

91.211

• At what altitude must passengers be provided with supplemental oxygen?

91.211

• At what altitude must passengers be provided with supplemental oxygen?

• 15,000 feet

91.215

• Where must you have a transponder with Mode C to operate?

91.215• Where must you have a transponder with

Mode C to operate?• Above 10,000 feet excluding airspace below

2,500 feet AGL• Class A, within 30 NM or the primary airport

of a Class B, and Class C airspace and above

91.303

• List some limitations on performing acrobatic flight?

91.303• List some limitations on performing

acrobatic flight?

–Over congested areas

–Over open air assembly of persons

–Within Class B, Class C, Class D or Class E designated for an airport

91.303

–Within 4 NM of any federal airway

–Below 1,500 feet AGL

–Visibility less than 3 miles

91.311

• What must an operator do to tow an advertising banner?

91.311

• What must an operator do to tow an advertising banner?

• Obtain a certificate of waiver from the administrator of the FAA

91.313, 91.315, 91.319

• May you carry passengers for hire when operating a restricted, limited category, experimental aircraft or primary category of aircraft?

91.313, 91.315, 91.319

• May you carry passengers for hire when operating a restricted, limited category, experimental aircraft or primary category of aircraft?

• NO

91.403• The owner or operator is responsible for

–Maintaining his aircraft in an airworthy condition

–Assuring compliance with all Airworthiness Directives

• The PIC is an operator

91.405• After the annual inspection, an

appropriate notation must be made in the maintenance records

• The Airworthiness Certificate remains in effect as long as the airplane receive required maintenance and inspections

91.407

• When aircraft alterations or repairs substantially change the flight characteristics or an aircraft, what must be done prior to carrying passengers and by whom?

91.407

• Flight test by at least a private pilot rated for the type aircraft being tested

91.409

• What is the requirement for a certified mechanic (A&P) to perform an annual inspection?

91.409

• What is the requirement for a certified mechanic (A&P) to perform an annual inspection?

• He must be inspection authorized (IA)

91.409

• In addition to the annual, for commercial operations the aircraft must be inspected each 100 hours

91.409

• If an airplane is due a 100 hour inspection at 750 hours but it is done early at 730 hours, when is the next inspection due?

• 830 hours

91.409

• Can an annual inspection be substituted for a 100 hour inspection?

91.409

• Can an annual inspection be substituted for a 100 hour inspection?

• YES but a 100 hour inspection cannot be substituted for the annual inspection

91.413

• The ATC transponder must be tested, inspected and found to comply with the appropriate regulations within the preceding 24 calendar months

91.417

• What maintenance records must the owner or operator keep for each airplane?

91.417• What maintenance records must

the owner or operator keep for each airplane?

• Current status of life-limited part of the airframe and each engine, propeller, rotor and appliance

91.417• Current status of Airworthiness

Directives

• Preventive maintenance done by the pilot

• Alteration and rebuild records - 100 hour

91.417

• Annual inspections or progressive and other required inspections

91.421

• A new record may be used for a rebuilt (zero-time) engine, but the new records must include the status of previous Airworthiness Directives

NTSB Part 830

830.2

• What is an aircraft accident?

830.2

• What is an aircraft accident?

• An occurrence that takes place between the time any person boards an aircraft with the intention of flight until all persons have disembarked resulting in

830.2

–Death or serious injury

–Substantial damage to the airplane

830.2

• What is substantial damage to an airplane?

830.2• What is substantial damage to an airplane?

• Damage that adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics and would normally require major repair or replacement of the component

830.2• What does not constitute substantial

damage?

• Engine failure, damage limited to the engine: bent fairings or cowling: dented skin: ground damage to rotor or propeller blades:

830.2

• damage to landing gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes or wingtips

830.5• The nearest NTSB office must be

notified immediately when an aircraft is overdue and is believed to be involved in an accident and when an accident occurs involving

• Flight control malfunction or failure

830.5

• Injury or illness or a flight crewmember

• Failure of a structural component of a turbine engine excluding compressor and turbine blades and vanes

830.5

• In-flight fire

• Aircraft collision in flight

• Damage to property other than the aircraft exceeding 25,000

830.15

• How soon after an accident does a written accident report have to be filed with the nearest NTSB regional/field office?

830.15• How soon after an accident

does a written accident report have to be filed with the nearest NTSB regional/field office?

• 10 days

830.15

• Where is the North Central Regional Office of the NTSB?

• West Chicago