farm mechanization in punjab – an overview - dr. jaskarn singh mahal

Farm Mechanization in Punjab – An Overview

Dr. Jaskarn Singh MahalSr. Research Engineer-cum-Head,

Deptt. of Farm Machinery & Power Engg, PAU, Ludhiana

SEED BED PREPARATION

TRACTOR OPERATED ROTAVATOR

Function:• Preparation of

seedbed in a single

operation

• For incorporating

straw and green

manuring.

• Pulverize the soil

nicely which helps in

smooth preparation

of beds for sowing

and planting of

vegetables.

Various operations performed by Various operations performed by RotavatorRotavator

Working width, cm 120 - 150

Field speed, km/h 3.0 – 4.5

Depth of operation, cm 12-15

Field capacity, ha/h 0.4-0.5

Fuel consumption, l/h 6.0 – 7.5

Saving in fuel, % 25-30

Cost, Rs. 80,000

PULVERISING ROLLER

Power Required: 35 - 45 hp Tractor

Function : Puddling & Land preparation

Crops : Wheat, Paddy, Cotton & other

crops

Capacity : 1.0 – 1.5 acre/h

Laser Land Leveler

Function Fine leveling of fields

Power required 50 hp tractor

Working width 6 feet

Water saving 20-30%

Cost, Rs. 3,25,000

SEEDING & PLANTING MACHINERY

CROP WISE SOWING MACHINERY

WHEAT

• Function : Sowing directly under unprepared field

• Machine capacity : 0.4ha/h

• Saving : 80-90 % (cost of sowing)

• Saving : 70-80 % (fuel)

TRACTOR DRAWN NO-TILL DRILL

� Functions : Used for sowing wheat under minimum tillage

�Machine capacity : 0.3ha/h

� Saves about : 40% fuel

� Saves about : 60% time

� Saves about : 40-60 % of cost of sowing

TRACTOR OPERATED STRIP TILL DRILL

Happy Seeder

• Power Required : 45 hp Tractor

• Function : Direct drilling in combine harvested paddy field

• Capacity : 0.50 – 0.75 acre/h

Germination and crop stand of Wheat in Rice Residue

Happy Seeder

In Operation

PADDY

Paddy Transplanter(Single Wheel Type)

Paddy Transplanter(4 Wheel Drive)

Paddy Transplanter(Walk Behind)

Paddy Transplanter(Single Wheel Type)

• Row spacing (cm) : 23.8

• No. of rows : 8

• Setting for plant : Two (14 cm, 17 cm)

spacing

• Achievable hills/m2 : 30, 25

• Capacity (acres/day) : 3-4

• Cost (Rs.) : 2,00,000

Walk behind Paddy

Transplanter

• Row spacing (cm) : 30

• No. of rows : 4

• Setting for plant : Four (14, 16, 18, 21 cm)

spacing

• Achievable hills/m2 : 24, 21, 18.5, 16

• Capacity (acres/day) : 3-4

• Cost (Rs.) : 2,50,000

4 Wheel Drive Transplanter

• Row spacing (cm) : 30

• No. of rows : 6

• Setting for plant : Five (12,14, 16, 18, 21 cm)

spacing

• Achievable hills/m2 : 28, 24, 21, 18.5, 16

• Capacity (acres/day) : 7-8

• Cost (Rs.) : 10-12 lac

Mat Type Nursery Sowing Technique

Direct Sowing Of Paddy

� Function : For direct drilling of paddy

� Power Required : 35 hp tractor or above

� Seed rate : 30 kg/ha

� Type of furrow opener : Inverted T type� Seed metering mechanism : Inclined plate

VEGETABLES

Vegetable Transplanter

Suitability for thecrop

Tomato, Brinjal,Cauliflower, Cabbage,

Chilli

Type of nursery used Bare root type

Type of meteringmechanism

Picker wheel type

Row spacing, cm 67 (Fixed for beds)

Water tank capacity,kg

120

Cost, ThousandRs./USD

80 (1777.8)

Crop stand transplanted by transplanter

SarsonBrinjal

Cabbage Cauliflower

Onion Seeder

Function Direct seeding of onion seed

Type of metering mechanism Inclined plate

Forward Speed (km/h) 1.0 – 1.5

Angle of inclination of inclined plate with horizontal (degree)

55

Power required 2 persons

POTATO

BELT CUP TYPE

Function: For planting of potato tubers on ridges

REVOLVING MAGAZINE TYPE

Semi Automatic Potato Planter

Function :For planting potato seeds

Automatic Potato Planter

MAIZE

Inclined Plate Planter

Inclined Plates for Planters

Ridge Planter for MaizePower required

45 hp tractor

Function For planting summer and winter maize

Capacity, ha/h

0.4

Cost (Rs.)

60,000

SUGARCANE

� Function : Planting of sugarcane sets

� Power Source : 35 hp or above tractor

� No. of trench : Two

� Capacity : 0.75- 1.0 ha/h

� Water saving : 8-10 %

� Inter row cropping : Wheat, Gram etc.

Trench Digger for Paired Row Sugarcane Planting

• Function

– Furrow Opening, Set cutting & placement, Insecticide and fertilizer application and covering of Furrow

• Salient Features

– Machine is economical to use

– Saves 60-70 % labour

– Saves about Rs. 1000/- per ha in comparison to traditional method.

– Recommended for adoption.

Sugarcane Cutter Planter

BED PLANTING

Raised Bed Planter

Function : For planting on beds

Power

requirement : Tractor (35 hp)

Field capacity : 0.3-0.4 ha/h

Increase in : 5-6 % by way yields of uniform

sowing

Saving in labor : 60-70 %

Saving in cost : 45-50 %

Bed Planter Cum Seeder

• FUNCTION

– Formation of beds and

Sowing on beds

• PERFORMANCE

- Tractor of 45 hp or above

- 67.5 cm base width

- 35 cm of top width

- 20 cm slanting height.

- Field capacity about 0.26

ha/h.

Single row wide width bed planter in operation

OILSEEDS

Oil Seed And Wheat Sowing Machine

• Power Required : 35 hp Tractor

• Function : Sowing

• Crops : Oil seed and Wheat

• Capacity : 1.0– 1.25 acre/h

FORESTRY

Tractor Operated Post Hole DiggerTractor Operated Post Hole Digger

Function:

Makes hole suitable for forestry and horticultural crops

A VIEW OF POST HOLE DIGGER IN OPERATION

Hole made by Tractor operated Post Hole Digger

Power Source Tractor above 35

hp

Depth of hole Up to 90 cm

Diameter of Hole 15 – 75 cm

Specifications & Performance

Fuel consumption, l/h 3.5-4.0

Diameter of the hole, cm 52

Max. depth of operation, cm 85

Time taken for making a hole, seconds

40-45

Capacity, holes/h 60-70

Cost of operation, Rs/pit 3.00 approx.

INTERCULTURE &

SPRAYING

Self Propelled Rotary Self Propelled Rotary WeederWeeder

Function: For weeding in wider row crops and in horticultural trees

Commercial 1 (PAU design) Commercial 2

Specifications

Parameter Commercial I Commercial IIType of machine Self-propelled Self-propelled

Power source 4.8 hp light weight diesel engine

6.5 hp light weight petrol engine

Machine suitability weeding weeding

Working width, mm 450 460

Power cut off device for ground wheel

Idler pulley Clutch

Speed ratio from gear box to sprocket on rotary weeder

9 : 4 Three speed with the help of gears,

Power cut off device Clutch & sprocket clutch

No. of blades for weeding 20 (alternatively in five rows, four on each flange)

14 ( alternatively in four rows, four on two central rows and two on side rows each

Shape of blade L-type L-C type

Type of mounting of blades on rotary shaft

Through Nut and bolts on flange

Through Nut and bolts on flange

Weeding in Flower Nursery

Weeding in Kinnow orchard

Weeding in Sugarcane

Weeding in Cotton

Performance Results of Rotary Weeder

Parameters ObservationWidth of coverage, cm 40 - 45

Depth of weeding, cm 6-10

Type of weeds Mixed

Weeding efficiency,% 80.0-94.0(depends on weed and soil

conditions)

Speed of operation, km/h 1.50-1.80

Fuel consumption, litres/h 0.9 -1.0

Machine field capacity, ha/h 0.05-0.07(weeded area)

Saving as compared to traditional method of weeding, %

Saving in costSaving in labour

55-6070-75

Weeding and EarthingEquipment

• Power required: 35 hp tractor

• Function : Weeding, earthing & fertilizer

application

• Crops : Wide Row crops on beds & flat

fields

• Capacity : 0.75 – 1.25 acre/h

• Crop : Cotton, Maize, Vegetable

(Weeding without chemicals)

Tractor operated Weeder

Power Required: 35 hp Tractor

Function : To remove weeds

Capacity : 0.4-0.5 ha/h

Demonstration of Weeding in Sugarcane

View of Sugarcane Field before and after operation of Rotary Weeder

Performance Results

Speed of operation, Km/h 2.0 -4.0

Width of machine, cm 201.5-240

Row Spacing, cm 67.5-90

Weeding efficiency, % 61-82

Damage, % <3

Width of untilled soil below housing, cm

<4.5

Labour saving, % >73

Cost saving, % >53

Power source 45 HP Tractor

Machine suitability Weeding

Power cut off device Clutch

Shape of blade Sweep type

Type of mounting of blades/sweep Through Nut and bolts on flange

Coverage area 0.2-0.4 ha/h

Saving,%

Labour saving

Cost of operation

65

60

Weed control 85-95 %

weeding

efficiency

Easiness/difficulty to handle

and maintain

Easy

Suitability to varied spacing Yes

Damage to the crop during

inter-culture

1-4 % injury to

plant

Tractor operated sweep weeder

Function: For uniform and effective application of weedicides and chemicals on vegetables and row crops

Self Propelled Boom Sprayer

Source of power 5 hp diesel engine

No. of Nozzles 12

Type of Nozzles Flat fan/any other

Nozzle spacing, cm 50 (Adjustable)

Tank capacity, litres 100

Swath width, cm 700

Tyre width, cm 10

Track width, cm 90-105 (Adjustable)

Specifications

Parameters Observations

Area covered, ha 50

Number of locations 13

Stage of crop at the time of

spray

40-50 days after

sowing

Crop row spacing, cm 20

Application rate, l/ha 250-400

Speed of operation, km/h 2.5-3.0

Machine capacity, ha/h 0.4-0.5

Fuel consumption, litres/h 0.5-0.6

Labour requirement, man-h/ha 2-3

Plant damage,% Almost negligible

Quality of spray Highly uniform

Labour saving in comparison to knapsack sprayer, %

70-80

Field Performance

Tractor Operated Aero-Blast Sprayer

• Function

– For Spraying on horticultural

trees and tall crops.

• Salient Features

– Farmers satisfied about

performance of sprayer

– About 100 machines purchased by

farmers

• Capacity : 3 acres/hr

• Speed operation : 1.5km/hr

• Tanker refilling time : 27 min

• Plant damage : Negligible

Machine capacity, ha/h 1.5-2.0

Tractor speed, km/h 1.5-2.0

Tank filling time, min 25-30

Plant damage, % Negligible

Swath width, m 13

Machine Performance

Flow rate at different valve settings and effect of tractor speed on spray volume

Valve settings Av flow Rate, l/min

Spray Volume, l/ha Time taken to empty the tank, min

Swath width 15 m

2 km 3.5 km

Swath width 20 m

2 km 3.5 km

0.5 8.44 169 96 127 72 48

1.0 8.71 174 99 131 75 46

1.5 9.42 188 108 141 81 43

2.0 11.72 234 134 176 100 34

2.5 14.9 298 170 224 128 27

3.0 19.01 380 217 285 163 22

3.5 21.61 432 247 324 185 18

View of the machine in operation

Tractor Mounted Sprayer

• Function

– Spraying mostly on cotton crop

• Limitation

– Damage to crop

– Not suitable for tall crops

Power source 25-30 hp

Type of nozzles Triple action

No. of nozzles 13

Nozzle Spacing 75 cm (adj.)

Pump discharge 18.24 l/min at 3kg/sq cm

Tank capacity 220 liters

Swath width 1200 cm

Specifications

Field capacity 2-2.5 ha/h

Forward speed 2.5-3.5 km/h

Fuel consumption 3.25 l/h

Avg nozzle discharge 600ml/min at 3kg/sq cm

Saving in comparison to knapsack spraying

Labour requirement 80-90%

Cost of operation 30-40%

Performance

Self Propelled High Clearance Sprayer

• Function

– For spraying on tall crop like cotton

Specifications

• Power Source : 20hp Diesel Engine

• Ground Clearance, mm : 1200

• No. of Nozzles : 18

• No. of Spray Guns : 2

• Nozzle Spacing, mm : 675 (Fixed)

• Tank Capacity, l : 1000

• Boom height adjustments, cm : 31.5-168.5

• Wheel Track, cm : 135

• Swath Width, mm : 10800

• Type of pump : Piston type

• Type of nozzles : Hollow cone/triple action

• Width of Coverage, mm : 13500

A view of high clearance sprayer spraying on Cotton crop

A view of high clearance sprayer spraying on fully matured tall cotton crop

A view of high clearance sprayer spraying on wheat crop

Field Performance• Field speed, km/hr : 2.2 in 1st Gear

• : 4.2 in 2nd Gear

• Average nozzle discharge : 1.427 at 50 psi

• Tank refilling time : 40 minutes

• Machine capacity : 4-5 acres/h

• Damage of branches under chassis : 2.8 percent

• Damage to branches adjusant to wheels : 10 percent

• Percent increase in yield in comparison to tractor operated

sprayer : 10 percent

• Slippage under fresh ploughed wheel

a) Under optimum moisture condition : 3.3

b) Under very high moisture condition : 6.5

Air - Assisted Sprayer

• Power required : 35 hp tractor

• Crop : Cotton

• Field capacity : 3 acre/h

• Fuel consumption : 3.5 l/h

• Reduction in insect/pest: 30 – 70 % more

as compared to conventional

Stationary view of air assisted sprayer

S.No. Parameters Specifications

1 Source of power Tractor of 35 hp and

above

2 Length of boom, cm 600

3 Blower speed, rpm 2400

4 No. of holes 75

5Diameter of holes and spacing, mm

40, 80

6 Tank capacity, lit 400

7 Material of tank Polyethylene

8 Type of pumpCentrifugal (ASPEE

make)

9 Capacity of pump, l/min 36

Specifications Of Air Assisted Boom Sprayer

A view of air sleeve boom sprayer in operation

S. No. Parameters Specifications1 Length of boom, cm 720

2 No of atomizers 18

3. Spacing between atomizers, cm

44

4 Rotation of blower, rpm

3800

5 Type of pump Three piston

6 Capacity of pump, l/min

36

7 Tank capacity, l 400

8 Material of tank Polyethylene

Specifications Of Air Sleeve Boom Sprayer

Spray Characteristics Of Air Assisted Sprayer

Forward speed, km/h

Position in plant canopy

Number of drops/cm2

Area covered by droplets (mm2 /cm2)

Volume of spray

deposition(x 10-6 cc/cm2)

Side of leaves

Section of plant

1.5 UpperTop - - -

Middle - - -

Bottom 201 10.04 683.7

UnderTop 99 4.52 318.3

Middle 69 2.85 245.7

Bottom 32 1.64 101.8

2.5 UpperTop 165 9.29 585.80

Middle 105 6.50 469.55

Bottom 87 5.75 417.53

UnderTop 97 3.13 305.70

Middle 65 2.76 205.62

Bottom 21 1.43 96.94

4.0 UpperTop 171 10.88 650.3

Middle 78 4.30 327.3

Bottom 43 3.40 202.7

UnderTop 43 3.11 109.61

Middle 23 0.93 66.02

Bottom 14 0.44 24.49

Field Performance Of Air Assisted Sprayer

Parameters Observation

Speed of operation, kmph

2.50

Field capacity, ha/h 1.15

Tank filling time, min 27

Fuel consumption, l/h 3.5

HARVESTING & THRESHING

REAPER BINDER (BCS)

Function Harvesting & Binding of Wheat

Power source 10.5 hp dieselengine

Capacity 1.0 acre/h

Working width 4 feet

Cost, Thousand Rs. 2,65,000

Tangential Axial Flow System

Straw Combine

• Power Required: 45+ hp Tractor

• Function : Straw collection & bruising

• Crops : Wheat

• Capacity : 1.0 acre/h (=1500 kg straw)

(Machines that are popular with the farmers)

Maize Combine

• Power Required : 105 hp diesel engine

• Function : Harvesting and threshing of

Maize cobs

• Capacity : 1.0 acre/h

• Cost, Rs : 19.00 lac

Moong/RayaThresher

• Power required : 7.5 hp electric motor

• Function : Moong threshing

• Type : Spike tooth axial flow

• Capacity : 250 kg/h

(Machine for crop diversification)

Maize Thresher

• Power Required : 35 hp Tractor

• Function : Shelling of Maize cobs

with husk

• Capacity : 2.0 – 2.5 t/h

(Machine for crop diversification)

Stationary View of Sunflower Thresher

Sunflower Thresher in Operation

Sunflower Thresher

Functions : To mechanize

threshing of sunflower

crop

Power Source : 25 hp tractor

Type of thresher : Axial flow

� Functions : To mechanize threshing of groundnut crop

to increase the area under the crop

� Power Source : 25 hp tractor

� Type of thresher : Axial flow

� Capacity : 200 kg/h

Groundnut Thresher(Machine for crop

diversification)

At Farmer’s Field

A view of threshed pods at farmer’s field

Performance Results

Parameter PAU Comm (PAU)

Variety M-522

Moisture content,% 15.7--20.1

Speed of threshing cylinder, rpm

275-300 400-425

Feed rate, Kg/h 1116-1167 1227-1325

Output, kg/h* 220-293 298-338

Cleaning Efficiency, % 94.2-97.0 93.2-96.4

Threshing Efficiency,%

>99 >99

Shelled pods,% 0.2-0.5 0.5-1.2

Thrower loss, % 0.6-1.4 0.7-1.5

VEGETABLES

Stationary view of tractor operated root crop harvester

Root Crop Harvester

Function

For digging of root crops like onion,

garlic, potato, carrot etc.

Parameters SpecificationsOverall dimensions, LxWxH, mm.

1500 x 1400 x 700

Blade width x thickness, mm. 1144 x 16

No. of coulter and diameter, mm.

2, 500

Gear box speed ratio 5: 27No. of agitators and lift, mm. 2, 25

Type of conveyor Chain conveyor made of M.S. rod of 9.0 mm.

Spacing between the conveyors rods, mm.

20.0 mounted of rubber straps

Width and thickness of rubber strap, mm

60, 6.0

Slope of conveyor, degree 18

Peripheral velocity of conveyor, m/s

2.10

Specifications

Root crop harvester in operation

Carrot

Garlic Turmeric

Onion

A view of demonstration of root crop harvester to Worthy Vice Chancellor and scientists from vegetable department

Parameter Root crop harvester

Onion Carrot Garlic Turmeric

Forward speed, km/h2.10 2.70 2.5 2.1 – 2.9

Machine capacity, ha/h 0.20 0.25 0.23 0.2 – 0.3

Effective digging width, cm 100-105 105 - 110 100 - 105 100 - 110

Percent of exposed bulbs 99.0 96.3 98.6 99.0

Percent of cut bulbs <1.0 2.8 1.1 2.5

Fuel consumption, l/h 4.5-5.0 4.75-5.25 4.5-5.0 5.0 – 5.25

Saving in cost of operation,% 54.74 47.12 45.91 30.48

Saving in labour, %69.00 59.20 61.41 40.97

Performance Results Of Root Crop Harvester For Digging Onion, Carrot Garlic And Turmeric Crops

GROUNDNUT

View of improved Groundnut Digger Elevator

SPECIFICATIONS

S.No. ParameterSpecification

Existing New

1 Width of blade, mm 1178 1692

2 Angle of the shaker conveyor, degree 60 (Adjustable) 60 (Adjustable)

3 Length of the shaker conveyor, mm 2708 3223

4 Space between conveyor rakes, mm 135 165

5 Number of rakes 15 19

Tractor Operated Groundnut Digger Elevator in operation

Parameter Observation

Crop variety SG-99

M. C. of the soil, % (db) 4-9

M. C. of pods, % (wb) 40-68

M. C. of crop, % (wb) 42-63

CROP PARAMETERS

PERFORMANCE RESULTS

S. No. Parameter

Observations

Ratio of belt speed to ground

speed

Tractor

Operated

Digger BladeI (1.5) II (1.1) III (0.75)

1 Speed of operation, km/h 1.81 2.67 3.85 2.74

2 Depth of operation, cm 15-20 16-18

3 Effective width of coverage, mm 1442-1557 1665

5 Digging efficiency, % 98.13 98.05 97.22 98.47

6 Pods detached on surface, % 3.83 2.96 3.27 NA

Groundnut Digger

Width of blade, m 1.73

Speed of operation, km/h 2.5-4.0

Field capacity, ha/h 0.3-0.5

Tractor power, hp >35

Forage Harvesting

Stationary View of commercially Available Self Propelled Reaper

Function:For harvesting different type of fodders.

Self Propelled Reaper

A view of machines in operation

On Barseem Crop

On Oat Crop

Field Performance of Self Propelled ReaperParameters Barseem Oat*

Forward Speed, km/h 4.8 4.8

Field capacity, ha/h 0.42 0.28

Field Efficiency (%) 66.57 45.67

Throughput, t/h 6.0 11.0

Height of Cut, cm 7 12.5

Fuel Consumption, l/h 1.1 1.6

Fuel Consumption, l/ha 2.6 5.6

* Harvested using binding attachment

• FUNCTION : Harvesting & Chopping of Tall fodders

• CUTTING WIDTH : 5 feet• MACHINE CAPACITY : 0.5 acres/h• TIME TO LOAD TROLLEY: 16-22 min

FLAIL TYPE FORAGE HARVESTER

Tractor operated forage harvester in operation harvesting bajra fodder

Chopped Fodder being Unloaded for Preparation of Silage

Field Performance of Flail type Forage Harvester

Machine Parameters Observation

Speed of operation, km/h 1.8 – 2.2

Working width, m 1.3

Field capacity, ha/h 0.13 – 0.16

Size of chopped fodder, cm 4 – 9

Labour requirement One skilled & one unskilled

Labour saving, % 70-90

Height of cut from ground level, cm 2.4 – 3.8

Fuel consumption, l/h 3.4 – 4.1

Time required to harvest trolley load of fodder, min

16 – 22

Stalk density, plants/m2 40-50

Crop height, cm 300 - 425

View of the machine in operation

Function: For harvesting and chaffing of different fodders with uniform size of cut and loading into the trolley

Mower for cutting

Chaff Cutter Cum Loader

Power Required 35 hp

Speed of operation of mower, Km/h 1.5-2.0

Effective width of cut of mower, cm 150-180

Size of cut of fodder, mm 18-20

CapacityMower, ha/hChaffer cum loader, t/h

0.20-0.2512-18

Fuel consumption, l/hMower, ha/hChaffer cum loader, t/h

3.5 – 4.04.0-4.5

Labour requirement man-h/ha

For cutting & collection

For chaffing

Total

58

25

83

Performance Results

STRAW MANAGEMENT

Two Views Of Paddy Straw In Combine Harvested Paddy Field

Rice-straw Chopper Cum Spreader

Trail Type Mounted type

Two Views Of Paddy Straw Chopper In Operation

Views Of Chopped Paddy Straw Field And After Irrigation

View Of Rotavator For Straw Incorporation And Puddled Paddy Feild

A view of paddy straw incorporated in wet conditions

A View Of Direct Wheat Sowing After 15 Days

Of Wet Mixing

Strip-till drillNo-till drill

Strip-till drillNo-till drill

A view of germination of crop

A VIEW OF GROWN-UP CROP

Strip-till drillNo-till drill

Performance ResultsParameters Flail type

Speed of operation, km/h 2.73

Height of stubble after cutting, cm

7 (4-10)*

Field capacity, ha/h. (20 m run)

0.38

Effective field capacity, ha/h 0.28

Fuel consumption, l/h 5.6

Chopped Straw size,cm

%age of straw in different

sizes

Less than 4 61.4

4 - < 7 20.2

7 - 10 5.8

More than 10 12.8

BALER

The straw/trash has immense commercial value for many industries

Straw recovery per hectare of wheat/paddy can be upto 5-10 tonne

Stationary view of tractor-operated straw baler

Straw baler in operation in combine harvested paddy field

Compacted

Bales

Balers

� Functions

Pick-up windrow

Collect and elevate

Move paddy straw to

bale-chamber entry

Pack the paddy straw in

the chamber

� Power Source : 37 kW

� Output : up to 18 tone/h

Field performance

Parameter

Field Condition

Combine harvesting

Combine harvesting + Stubble shaving

No. of stubbles/sq m 23-27 23-27

Height of stubbles, cm 35-45 2-5

Operating width, m 1.30 1.30

Forward speed, km/h 2.0 2.72

Fuel required, l/h 2.91 3.63

Field capacity, ha/h 0.26 0.36

Fuel Consumed, l/ha 11.2 10.1

Size of bales, cm 85 x 45 x 45 85 x 45 x 45

Number of bales formed/ha

205 425

Weight of one bale, kg 20-30 20-30

Pick Positioner

Operating Height 960 cm

Size of transport boxLength, 122cmWidth, 90cmHeight, 78cm

• A strong frame was mounted on the rear axle of the tractor

• Which also acts as a Roll Over Protective Structure for the safety of the tractor operator

• Hydraulic pump is mounted on the frame

• A person can stand on the platform

• Can be reach upto the total height of 9.60 m for harvesting and pruning of fruits.

Specification of Pick Postioner

S.No. Specification Value

1 Main Frame (Fixed)Length of Central columnLength of Side SupportSection size

213 cm275 cm

2 Secondary Frame (movable)Length of central linkLength of side link (lower)Length of side link (upper)

556 cm396 cm182 cm

3 Picking Bucket Size Width = 89 cmHeight = 79 cm Length = 122 cm

Contd..

S.No. Specification Value

4 Height Range 4-25 feet

5 Top Cutting Height 30-32 feet

6 RPM of Hydraulic Motor 2000 rpm

7 Oil Tank capacity 47 ltr

8 Cutting Head Manual

9 No. of Hydraulic Cylinders

Single

10 HP of Power Source 35 to 50 HP

Farmers observing pick positioner

Working View of Pick Postioner

FYM Loader

Lifting Height 95 cm

Diameter of feeder 40 cm

Breadth of intake 88 cm

Power source 35 h.p. tractor PTO operated

Operation Loading of FYM to trailer

Advantage Labour saving, protection from heat and odour, reduction in human drudgery and fatigue.