female labour1

FEMALE LABOUR

INTRODUCTIONFemale labour has been an important segment of

the workforce of India (1975).

The changing Socio-economic scenario, women's productive roles have assumed new dimensions.

Recognition of crucial importance and need that women's participation has always been necessary for the success of social and economic development.

Obstacles under which they work, to strengthen their bargaining capacity, to improve their wages and working conditions, to augment their skills and to open up better employment facilities for them.

PAST VENTUREWomen were then treated on par with men.

Women became entirely dependent on men.

Education, religious rights and privileges were curbed.

A new class of educated Indians came into existence.

The spread of Western type of education enabled women to realize their subordinate position.

Position of women in the country was improved.

MODERN WOMAN

The modern women have realized now that they have a personality of their own as a human being and that their mission in life.

Changes in life and position of women have been greatly accelerated by the spread of education.

They just do not require merely legal measures for equal rights, but sympathy and understanding both at home and in the place of work.

Modern women do not like to stay idle and stagnate at home, but rather aspire to utilize their education and mental abilities in a constructive and creative manner.

DISTRIBUTION OF WOMEN ACROSS INDUSTRY

Community,social & personnel services sectors

55.6 %

Manufacturing 21.4 %

Agriculture and allied occupation

9.8 %

Finance, insurance, real estate, business

4.9 %

Factories 14 %

Mines 6 %

Plantation 51 %

WOMEN IN LABOUR FORCE

Women were 26.1% of all rural workers, and 13.8% of all urban workers.

Women are an estimated 30% of all economically active individuals. The participation rate for women is falling: from 37% in 2004-05 to 29%.

Women earn 62% of men’s salary for equal work.

In June 2014, India was ranked 116 out of 189 countries ranked in descending order for percentage of women in Parliaments.

PROBLEM FACED BY WOMEN

DISCRIMATION AT WORKPLACE.

SAFETY OF WORKING WOMEN WHILE TRAVELING.

HEALTH PROBLEMS.

DISCRIMINATION AT WORKPLACE

A major problem faced by the working women is sexual and mental harassment at the work place.

In 2013, India passed the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act to provide protection against sexual harassment in the workplace.

Women employees working in night shift are more vulnerable to such incidents.

A majority of working women continue to be denied their right to equal pay, under the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 and are underpaid in comparison to their male colleagues.

The problem varies with the environment.

SAFETY OF WORKING WOMEN WHILE

TRAVELINGIndian society makes it difficult for a working

woman to balance her domestic environment with the professional life.

Families that do accept these working hours may experience considerable anxiety every day about a woman’s safety while traveling.

Safety during night shift is still a big hindrance to women.

HEALTH PROBLEMS

Higher anemia

Reproductive problems

Weight gain

Strokes

VARIOUS ACTS FOR WOMEN

The Factories Act, 1948.

The Mines Act, 1952.

The Plantation Labour Act, 1951.

The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.

THE FACTORIES ACT,1948Urinal Facilities

Prohibition of work in Hazardous Occupations

Washing and Bathing Facilities

Crèches

Hours of work

Prohibition of night shift

THE MINES ACT,1952Urinal Facilities

Prohibition of work in Hazardous Occupations

Crèches

Prohibition of night shift

Hours and Limitation of EmploymentWeekly day of rest(6 days)Hours of work above ground(12 hrs)Hours of work below ground(8 hrs)

THE PLANTATION LABOUR ACT,1951

Crèches

Prohibition of night shift

Urinal Facilities

THE MATERNITY BENEFIT ACT,1961

Restriction on Employment of Pregnant Woman.

Right to Payment of Maternity Benefit.

SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN AT

WORKPLACE,2013Unwelcome physical, verbal or non-verbal

conduct of sexual nature.

Showing pornography.

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION

“Women do two thirds of the world’s work, receive ten percent of world’s income and own one percent of the means of production.”

Women hold a unique position in every society, they still belong to a disadvantaged class of society due to various social barriers and impediments.

MY OPINION

Women should be treated equally as men and they should not be discriminated in any aspects.

We should learn to appreciate and respect the working women since, they extend their there responsibility towards welfare of society.