film artifacts. artifacts: an unwanted density on the film

FILM ARTIFACTS FILM ARTIFACTS

ARTIFACTS:ARTIFACTS:AN UNWANTED DENSITYAN UNWANTED DENSITYON THE FILMON THE FILM

http://www.xray2000.co.uk/

Exposure ArtifactsExposure Artifacts

MotionMotion Improper patient positionImproper patient position Wrong screen-film matchWrong screen-film match Poor film/screen contactPoor film/screen contact Double exposureDouble exposure Warped cassetteWarped cassette Improper grid positionImproper grid position

PATHOLOGY

?

pneumoniapneumonia

GRIDS GRIDS CAN CAN

LEAVE LEAVE LINESLINES

ON THE ON THE IMAGE IMAGE

POOR POOR

DETAILDETAIL

GOOD GOOD DETAILDETAIL

Blurring of image due to patient movement during exposure.

When there is a space between the contact When there is a space between the contact of the film to the intensifying screens, a of the film to the intensifying screens, a larger amount of light is allowed to reach larger amount of light is allowed to reach the film – causing “more density” on fimthe film – causing “more density” on fim

Lack of contact between film and cassette can cause “blurring” of the image

Artifacts - TypesArtifacts - Types

Processing ArtifactsProcessing ArtifactsExposure ArtifactsExposure ArtifactsHandling & Storage Handling & Storage

ArtifactsArtifacts

Processing ArtifactsProcessing Artifacts

Emulsion pickoffEmulsion pickoff Chemical fogChemical fog Guide-shoe marksGuide-shoe marks Water marksWater marks Chemical spotsChemical spots Guide-shoe & roller scratchesGuide-shoe & roller scratches

Developer Spots

Water spot

Discolored film due to hypo (fixer) retention.

Chemicals not washed off – over time will turn

film brown

Scratch marks from rollers in automatic processor.

ArtifactArtifact

Blurred image due to patient motion

PATIENT ARTIFACT - PATIENT ARTIFACT - JEWERLYJEWERLY

Handling & Storage Handling & Storage ArtifactsArtifacts Light fogLight fog Radiation fogRadiation fog StaticStatic Kink marksKink marks ScratchesScratches Dirty cassettesDirty cassettes

Crimping /cresent Crimping /cresent markmark

Double Exposure

2 exposures made on top of each other –

from poor handling of cassettes

Static electricity

Dirt on screen mimicking a foreign object.

Scratch marks from improper handling.

Light fog

Kink mark or nail pressure mark

castcast

POOR SCREEN POOR SCREEN CONTACTCONTACT

Patient motionPatient motion

motionmotion

Double Double exposureexposure

ChildChild

PoorPoorscreen screen contactcontact

Double exposureDouble exposure

Exposure ArtifactsExposure Artifacts

Could be corrected before Could be corrected before exposure =exposure =

JewelryJewelry Hands in the anatomyHands in the anatomy Something on the patientSomething on the patient

??

Hands over upper abdomen

Is itIs itmotion or motion or double double exposure?exposure?

Pt clothing

Hip replacement

2 chest tubes in the patient

Patient swallowed batteriesWhat size are they?

PATHOLOGY NOT PATHOLOGY NOT ARTIFACTARTIFACT

Name &Name & cause causeof this?of this?

scratches

Pacemaker

Digital image

Mis-

Registrationi

error

Roller marks from film stuck –

then pulled from processor

Hardware

In cervical

spine

Dust in imaging plate can Dust in imaging plate can cause white marks on cause white marks on image –image –

Both in film/screen and Both in film/screen and computed radiographycomputed radiography

E E G MONITOR

What do you

See?

2 exposures

Does this show good detail?Does this show good detail? Is all of the anatomy present?Is all of the anatomy present? How is the density / contrast?How is the density / contrast?

Does this show good detail? Does this show good detail? – YESYES

Is all of the anatomy present? Is all of the anatomy present? – No (part of the little finger is not seen)No (part of the little finger is not seen)

How is the density / contrast?How is the density / contrast? Density – a little “light” underexposedDensity – a little “light” underexposed Contrast is goodContrast is good

Which image showsWhich image shows“better” detail“better” detail

Faster speed Slower speed

CR - ? Which shows CR - ? Which shows “better detail”“better detail”

8 x 10 cassette 14 x 17 cassette

See anythingSee anythingwrong wrong

with with this this

image?image?

Contrast? What influences this? (kVp in Contrast? What influences this? (kVp in f/s)f/s)

Discarded x-ray film Discarded x-ray film used to make ♫ records used to make ♫ records ♫♫

Collimation – reducing the size of beamCollimation – reducing the size of beamhelps to improve the image, and reduce the helps to improve the image, and reduce the dose to the patientdose to the patient

?

POOR POOR

DETAILDETAIL

GOOD GOOD DETAILDETAIL

Processing ArtifactsProcessing Artifacts

Emulsion pickoffEmulsion pickoff Chemical fogChemical fog Guide-shoe marksGuide-shoe marks Water marksWater marks Chemical spotsChemical spots Guide-shoe & roller scratchesGuide-shoe & roller scratches

NEW IMAGENEW IMAGE

Double Double expousureexpousure

Femur & chestFemur & chest

NEW IMAGENEW IMAGE towel that was towel that was used to help in used to help in positioning a positioning a childchild

CR is MORE CR is MORE sensitive to sensitive to

ARTIFACTSARTIFACTS

CR image – CR image – NEW IMAGENEW IMAGE

Line caused Line caused from dirt from dirt collected in collected in a CR a CR ReaderReader

Blurring of image due to patient movement during exposure.

Exposure ArtifactsExposure Artifacts

MotionMotion Improper patient positionImproper patient position Wrong screen-film matchWrong screen-film match Poor film/screen contactPoor film/screen contact Double exposureDouble exposure Warped cassetteWarped cassette Improper grid positionImproper grid position

ArtifactArtifact

Blurred image due to patient motion

GRIDS GRIDS CAN CAN

LEAVE LEAVE LINESLINES

ON THE ON THE IMAGE IMAGE

grid cut-offgrid cut-off

Grid linesGrid lines

grids are grids are not necessary not necessary for a 3 year oldfor a 3 year old

PATIENT ARTIFACT - PATIENT ARTIFACT - JEWERLYJEWERLY

Handling & Storage Handling & Storage ArtifactsArtifacts Light fogLight fog Radiation fogRadiation fog StaticStatic Kink marksKink marks ScratchesScratches Dirty cassettesDirty cassettes

Crimping /cresent Crimping /cresent markmark

Double Exposure

2 exposures made on top of each other –

from poor handling of cassettes

Static electricity

Dirt on screen mimicking a foreign object.

Scratch marks from improper handling.

Light fog

Kink mark or nail pressure mark

castcast

POOR SCREEN POOR SCREEN CONTACTCONTACT

Patient motionPatient motion

motionmotion

Double Double exposureexposure

ChildChild

PoorPoorscreen screen contactcontact

Double exposureDouble exposure

Exposure ArtifactsExposure Artifacts

Could be corrected before Could be corrected before exposure =exposure =

JewelryJewelry Hands in the anatomyHands in the anatomy Something on the patientSomething on the patient

??

Hands over upper abdomen

Is itIs itmotion or motion or double double exposure?exposure?

Pt clothing

Hip replacement

2 chest tubes in the patient

Patient swallowed batteriesWhat size are they?

PATHOLOGY NOT PATHOLOGY NOT ARTIFACTARTIFACT

Name &Name & cause causeof this?of this?

scratches

Pacemaker

Digital image

Mis-

Registrationi

error

Roller marks from film stuck –

then pulled from processor

Hardware

In cervical

spine

Dust in imaging plate can Dust in imaging plate can cause white marks on cause white marks on image –image –

Both in film/screen and Both in film/screen and computed radiographycomputed radiography

E E G MONITOR

TotalTotalbody body scan scan

for for traumatrauma

Discarded x-ray film Discarded x-ray film used to make ♫ records used to make ♫ records ♫♫