final carpet ppt 2003

CARPET INDUSTRY

MADE BY:Vishal Sahiia

&Shameer Khan

The art of making carpets was probably developed on the plains of Central Asia about a thousands of years ago.

Historians believe that carpet-making was introduced to the region now constituting Pakistan as far back as the 11th century, with the coming of the first conquerors the Ghaznavids , and the Ghauris .

•It provides jobs to 1.5 million people in the country.•It contributes to the relief of poverty in rural areas.•It earns US$ 145 million in foreign exchange annually(2008-09)•More than 99% of carpets made in the country are exported.•Average share in total exports varies from 2.5 to 3.5%.•There are six leading carpet suppliers in the world market: Iran, Pakistan, India ,China, Nepal & Turkey.•Iranian & Pakistani handmade carpets dominate US market. The German market for silk carpet is dominated by India & China. The southeast Asian market is dominated by china & Pakistan.

The tradition of textile weaving has survived in the shape of folk culture in various parts of Pakistan.The textile designs, architecture & characteristic of folk culture point to the floral & geometric patterns that are basic to carpet designing. This clearly shows that the art of carpet-making & designing existed in the region from very old times.

Carpets have, from the beginning, been a part of the Islamic culture as it achieved unprecedented heights in Baghdad, Damascus, Cordoba, Delhi & in the fabled cities of central Asia.

They were used to cover the floors of mosques & houses & were occasionally used as wall decorations.

Established carpet weaving in Indo- Pak sub-continent started under the patronage of the Mughals, when Indian craftsmen adopted Persian techniques & designs.During the Mughal period the carpet made in the indo-Pak sub continent became so famous.

Nomads keep their own animals that provides them with material for their weavings. The weaving take place on horizontal looms & the patterns which have been inspired by the surrroundings of the nomads are passed on from generations to generations.Raising sheeps is the main income for the nomads.

The weavers usually only have a simple sketch. The carpet, not much bigger than dozer (200x140cm) are often tied on a warp with handspun wool from their own sheep, dyed with natural colors.The village carpets are often rustic, charming and easy to recognize.

The weaving here is done in a more controlled way than in nomadic camps and in the homes.The looms allows manufacturing of very large carpets.Several weavers work at the same time on a carpet where the yarn & tools are supplied by the owner of the workshop.During the work, The weaver follow a pattern drawn on a millimeter squared paper.The process is controlled regularly & none of the deviations & irregularities are allowed here.

The materials being used in a carpet determines the final result of carpet and how it grows old.The most commonly used material is SHEEP WOOL. Other materials may also be used.

1. Horizontal loom

2. Vertical loom3. Hand tools

A loom consist of a frame consisting of 4 beams which holds the warp, tightened while the carpets are being made.

The distance on the sides between the two beams determines the wide the carpet should be & the upper & lower beam decides the length of the carpet.

•The construction of vertical loom is similar to the horizontal looms & it has 2 beams on the side. One close to the ground & one beam at the top.

•The size of the carpet is limited to these dimensions. •Carpets that are made this way are exact in their measurement than others.

Comb is usually made up of wood & metal. It is used to pack together the knots & the wefts in the rows after every row in the carpet.

Scissor is made in metal. It is used for cutting the pile on the carpet after one or more rows have been tied.

It has two functions: it is partly used to hook onto the yarn between the warp threads with the small hook & also to cut the yarn afterwards.

It is used when spinning by hand. It usually consist of rod & an attached trundle which stabilizes the weight when the tool is spinning.

This tool consists of small metal spikes attached to a soft bedding.It is used to brush the wool & the threads when repairing.

The pattern is drawn on a squared sheet where every square corresponds to one single knot. By using a design plate you achieve a more exact pattern. The design plates are also called “talim” .

Year Quantity value Rs./sq meter(mill sq. meter) (Rs. mill)

1980-81 2243 2.5 897.21981-82 1679 1.9 883.71982-83 1913 2.2 869.51983-84 2323 4.7 494.31984-85 2031 2.1 967.11985-86 2693 2.7 897.4

1986-87 2439 2.8 1228.01987-88 4445 3.1 1434.01988-89 4451 3.1 1435.81989-90 4923 3.3 1497.41990-91 5003 3.5 1409.71991-92 5709 3.9 1453.81992-93 4524 3.3 1368.01993-94 4583 3.1 1468.91994-95 6116 3.4 1812.01995-96 7131 3.7 1946.01996-97 7820 3.7 2113.51997-98 8709 3 .5 2522.01998-99 10209 3.8 2681.01999-00 13686 5.1 2662.12000-01 17015 6.3 2666.12001-02 15275 5.1 3006.9

Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2001-02

Quantity and value of export of carpets and rugs

1.USA2.GERMANY3.ITALY4.UK5.FRANCE6.UAE7.JAPAN8.CANADA9.SPAIN10.GREECE

Overview and quick facts

• Why should we care?

• Definitions: Child labour

• What is bonded labour?

• Quick facts

Why should we care?

"Our greatest natural resource is the minds of our children." - Walt Disney

Because of their unique and vulnerable position, children are

denied the basic working rights and wages given to adults.

Children are most often employed in the informal and unregulated sectors of the global economy, for example in agriculture, and as a result they find themselves easy targets for abuse, intimidation and sexual exploitation.

Though definitions vary, child labor means work that is done by children under the age of 15 (14 in some developing countries) which restricts or damages a

child's physical, emotional, intellectual, social and/or spiritual growth.

Defining child labor:

Most people agree that when we speak about child labor, we mean labor which is intolerable or harmful to children, or which denies them their right to fully develop, to play or to go to school. 

Child labor includes:

• Work performed by children under the age of 15• Long hours of work on a regular or full-time basis• Abusive treatment by the employer• No access, or poor access, to education

CONT………..

What is bonded labor?

Three types of bonded labour exist in practice around the world.

• The first is when a child inherits a debt carried by his or her parents.

 • Another form of bonded labour occurs when a child is used as

collateral for a loan. For example, a parent facing an unusually large or

urgent expense would use this method to obtain necessary money.

 • Finally, a child worker can enter into

bondage to their employer by requesting an advance on future

wages they expect to earn.

• Globally, 218 million children are child laborers

• 126 million of these children are engaged in hazardous work

• 73 million working children are less than 10 years old 

• Every year, 22,000 children die in work-related accidents

• The largest number of working children-122 million-are in the Asia-Pacific region

CONT…..

•Globally the majority of child laborers come from the poorer sections of

society.

• Social exclusion and discrimination, a result of poverty and ethnic and gender biases, are important factors that keep children out of school and force them to

work. 

•Ending poverty and increasing access to education are therefore crucial tools in

the fight against ending child labor.

•The most commonly recognized exports from Pakistan that use child labor are carpets

•A 1992 UNICEF-Punjab report stated that at least 1 million out of 1.5 million workers in the carpet industry in Pakistan were children and another report in 1992, from UNICEF/Government of Pakistan reported that 90% of 1 million workers in the carpet industry were children, many of whom began working in the carpet industry before age 10.

•In 1994 The Asian-American Free Labor Institute investigated 5 factories and found child labor in 4 of the factories, none of which used the "parent-child" operation described by the manufacturers.

•Additionally, the bonded labor system (peshgi) is still in use despite the 1992 Bonded Labor Abolition Act.

Child Labor in the Carpet Industry

Abuse of child labor in carpet industry

• Children working in the carpet industry suffer work-related injuries, earn minimal pay and remain uneducated.

•Most children in the industry have been injured using sharp instruments, experienced respiratory tract infections, body aches or suffered physical abuse

• Even the children who weave at home experience poor conditions, being kept at the loom longer hours in rooms that are generally not better ventilated or lit than the factories.

•They work 9 to 10 hours per day, with a one-hour break.

•The maximum wage is the equivalent of $1.50 per day.

• They remain uneducated, 42% having never attended school and 58% having dropped out.

Two main advantages of child labor to the carpet makers:

1- Their very low wages and their docile acceptance of terrible working

conditions

  2- Their good eyesight, which allows them to perform intricate work

in very poor light.

Recommendations against child labor ...

• Laws affecting children • Children youth in action

• Ability to say no

• Basic education

• Discussion session

• World day against child labor

• Participate in campaigns

• Advice

• Government convention

• Priority

• Efforts

When the carpet is woven there are 4 steps before it is put up for sale.

The pile is cut to the intended length. In order to give the carpet an even nice surface & to get a clear sharp pattern, polishing of the carpet is needed.The process is done with a tool/machine , with a built-in sucking function.

The carpet is washed thoroughly in order to remove dust from the polishing & to remove loose colors & also for the colors to be fixed.

The carpet needs to be dried properly after the washing so that the colors stabilize & to keep the shape of the carpet.

After the polishing, washing & drying the carpet is inspected very carefully to see that no holes or other demage have occurred during the treatments.

SWOT ANALYSIS•Strengths

•Weaknesses

•Opportunities

•Threats

Strengths

a.   Product line

b.   Quality of Management

c.   Resourcefulness of the Sponsors

d.   Flexibility in Approach

e.   Innovative products

f.   Largest Bank

g.   Competitiveness and Agility

h.   Promoting Sports

i.     Credit Ratings

j.    Interest Free Banking

k.    Long Term Vision

•Weaknesses

a.   Overworked Staff

b. Too Cautious

c.   Revaluation of Assets

d.   Shortage in Capital Adequacy

e.   Over Ambitious

f.   Over Competitiveness

g.   Slow Promotions

h.   Separation of Activities

I Prayer Room and Common Room\

j.   Internees

k.   Separate HR Department

1. Training is Provided on the basis of generalization

Opportunities

a.  Search for New Markets and Avenues

b. Overseas Branches

Threatsa.  Unstable Political Environment

b. Over Exposure

c. Change in the Foreign Policies

d. Change in the Foreign Aid

e.  Over Expansion