fire suppression systems for it comms and data · pdf filefire suppression systems for it...
Post on 10-Mar-2018
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Fire Suppression Systems
for
IT Comms and Data Centre
Tony FerrisPaul Kennedy
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers27th November 2014
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Fire Suppression Systems
for
IT Comms and Data Centre
Tony FerrisPaul Kennedy
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers27th November 2014
AGENDA
TYPICAL DATA CENTRE LAYOUT
DATA CENTRE FIRE RISKS
CHOOSING THE CORRECT SOLUTION
DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS
FIRE TRIANGLE
DETECTION SYSTEMS
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
WATER BASED SYSTEMS
SYSTEM INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
Q&A
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
TYPICAL DATA CENTRE LAYOUT
DATA CENTRE FIRE RISKS
CHOOSING THE CORRECT SOLUTION
DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS
FIRE TRIANGLE
DETECTION SYSTEMS
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
WATER BASED SYSTEMS
SYSTEM INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
Q&A
TYPICAL DATA CENTRE
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Illustration Danfoss Semco
COOLING SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONSHOT & COLD AIR CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Fire protection for modern data centres is complex, the protection strategy needs tobe based on the level of acceptable risk for the data centre user.
A comprehensive protection program should be developed to address expected firerisks, rather than simply meeting local codes and regulations.
Expected Fire Risks
Digital Equipment Wire and Cable Containment HVAC Equipment Raised Floors or Suspended Ceilings Other Combustibles (Packaging)
DATA CENTRE FIRE RISKS
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Fire protection for modern data centres is complex, the protection strategy needs tobe based on the level of acceptable risk for the data centre user.
A comprehensive protection program should be developed to address expected firerisks, rather than simply meeting local codes and regulations.
Expected Fire Risks
Digital Equipment Wire and Cable Containment HVAC Equipment Raised Floors or Suspended Ceilings Other Combustibles (Packaging)
Lower Risk
Higher Risk
CHOOSING THE CORRECT SOLUTION
The following conditions should be met for the purpose of designing a fireprotection solution for a Data Centre.
a) identify the presence of a fireb) communicate to the occupants and authoritiesc) contain the fire and extinguish it if possible
Prior to selection, the design engineer must assess potential hazards…
a) Will the data centre have raised floors?b) Will the data centre have suspended ceilings?c) Will it have high ceilings?d) Will personnel occupy the area?e) Will detectors be obstructed in any way?f) Will discharge devices be obstructed in any way?g) What cause & effect strategy should be introduced?h) How long will it take for local authorities to attend?
DETECTALERT
CONTROL / EXTINGUISH
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
The following conditions should be met for the purpose of designing a fireprotection solution for a Data Centre.
a) identify the presence of a fireb) communicate to the occupants and authoritiesc) contain the fire and extinguish it if possible
Prior to selection, the design engineer must assess potential hazards…
a) Will the data centre have raised floors?b) Will the data centre have suspended ceilings?c) Will it have high ceilings?d) Will personnel occupy the area?e) Will detectors be obstructed in any way?f) Will discharge devices be obstructed in any way?g) What cause & effect strategy should be introduced?h) How long will it take for local authorities to attend?
CODES AND STANDARDS – GENERAL
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
CODES AND STANDARDS – GAS
Fire Protection forelectronic equipmentinstallations – Code ofPractice
BS 6266:2011
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
CODES AND STANDARDS – SPRINKLER
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
CODES AND STANDARDS – WATER MIST
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
CODES AND STANDARDS – WATER MISTHOW STANDARDS DIFFER TO CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS
Most Sprinkler Heads are approved to a specific riskclassification and to the same K-Factor, pressure,spacing etc.
Therefore the sprinkler design standards (EN 12845,NFPA 13, FM, CEA 4001 etc.) describe where and whenyou use these pre-approved components. Sprinklerstandards advise on how to size the piping, wheresupports are to be located, the types of materials (carbon/ galvanised steel) and so on…
This is not the case with Watermist Systems…Each system has it’s own design parameters, set downby the manufacturer, which must be adhered to in orderfor the system to function. Fire tests are needed for thevarious applications / hazard classification and verifiedby a 3rd party.
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Most Sprinkler Heads are approved to a specific riskclassification and to the same K-Factor, pressure,spacing etc.
Therefore the sprinkler design standards (EN 12845,NFPA 13, FM, CEA 4001 etc.) describe where and whenyou use these pre-approved components. Sprinklerstandards advise on how to size the piping, wheresupports are to be located, the types of materials (carbon/ galvanised steel) and so on…
This is not the case with Watermist Systems…Each system has it’s own design parameters, set downby the manufacturer, which must be adhered to in orderfor the system to function. Fire tests are needed for thevarious applications / hazard classification and verifiedby a 3rd party.
FIRE TRIANGLE
For a fire to survive it requires thepresence of three elements
Remove any one of the three tosuppress a fire
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Inert gas systems will lower theoxygen level
Traditional sprinkler systems willlower the temperature
DETECTION AND GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
DETECTION SYSTEMSPOINT DETECTION VERSUS AIR SAMPLING
POINT DETECTION
BS6266 RECOMMENDS A MIXTURE OF IONISATION AND OPTICALDETECTORS TYPES AT 15 m2 COVERAGE PER DETECTOR FOR AIRVELOCITIES < 4 METERS PER SECOND
AIR SAMPLING
PRIMARY DETECTION IE. MONITORING RETURN AIR FLOWS TO AIRHANDLING UNITS PROVIDES EARLY WARNING
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
POINT DETECTION
BS6266 RECOMMENDS A MIXTURE OF IONISATION AND OPTICALDETECTORS TYPES AT 15 m2 COVERAGE PER DETECTOR FOR AIRVELOCITIES < 4 METERS PER SECOND
AIR SAMPLING
PRIMARY DETECTION IE. MONITORING RETURN AIR FLOWS TO AIRHANDLING UNITS PROVIDES EARLY WARNING
DETECTION SYSTEMSPOINT DETECTION VERSUS AIR SAMPLING
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSFIRE CLASSIFICATION
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
• Clean Agents are effective on class A, B and C fires.
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSAPPLICATIONS
The application for these systems are high value risks, namely :
Computer Rooms EDP AreasData Centres Communications RoomsVital machinery
These are Business Critical Facilities and if affected by fire, could result inmajor business disruption.
A greater attention to Fire Engineering is required. Hazard Analysis is vital.
Correct assessment of the risk is important.
We need long-term fire protection solutions which are people and propertyfriendly.
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
The application for these systems are high value risks, namely :
Computer Rooms EDP AreasData Centres Communications RoomsVital machinery
These are Business Critical Facilities and if affected by fire, could result inmajor business disruption.
A greater attention to Fire Engineering is required. Hazard Analysis is vital.
Correct assessment of the risk is important.
We need long-term fire protection solutions which are people and propertyfriendly.
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPES OF GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
INERT GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
Inergen IG541 Argonite IG55 Nitrogen IG100 Argon IG01 Carbon Dixoide C02
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
INERT GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
Inergen IG541 Argonite IG55 Nitrogen IG100 Argon IG01 Carbon Dixoide C02
CHEMICAL GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
Novec 1230 FM200
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSHOW DO GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS WORK?
NATURALLY OCCURRING INERT GASESSUCH AS INERGEN AND ARGONITEEXTINGUISH FIRE BY REDUCING OXYGEN
CHEMICAL GASES SUCH AS FM200 ANDNOVEC EXTINGUISH FIRE BY HEATABSORPTION AND CHEMICAL MEANS
THEY INTERRUPT THE COMBUSTIONPROCESS
CLEAN, DRY, FAST – MINIMAL DAMAGE ANDDOWNTIME
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
NATURALLY OCCURRING INERT GASESSUCH AS INERGEN AND ARGONITEEXTINGUISH FIRE BY REDUCING OXYGEN
CHEMICAL GASES SUCH AS FM200 ANDNOVEC EXTINGUISH FIRE BY HEATABSORPTION AND CHEMICAL MEANS
THEY INTERRUPT THE COMBUSTIONPROCESS
CLEAN, DRY, FAST – MINIMAL DAMAGE ANDDOWNTIME
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTOTAL FLOODING
GAS IS DISCHARGED INTO THE PROTECTED SPACE TODEVELOP A SPECIFIC CONCENTRATION UNIFORMLYTHROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE SPACE.
3-DIMENSIONAL PENETRATION.
AGENT MUST REMAIN IN AREA FOR UP TO 10 MINS (ORMORE)
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
GAS IS DISCHARGED INTO THE PROTECTED SPACE TODEVELOP A SPECIFIC CONCENTRATION UNIFORMLYTHROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE SPACE.
3-DIMENSIONAL PENETRATION.
AGENT MUST REMAIN IN AREA FOR UP TO 10 MINS (ORMORE)
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTHE CHOICES
Chemical
OR
Naturalwww.automaticfire.ie
O U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Chemical
OR
Natural
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSCHEMICAL SYSTEMS – FM200 Introduced in the early 90s
Non Toxic - safe for people
Discharges within 10s
Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
Atmospheric lifetime 36 years
Global Warming Potential = 3300
Monitored under Kyoto Protokol
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Introduced in the early 90s
Non Toxic - safe for people
Discharges within 10s
Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
Atmospheric lifetime 36 years
Global Warming Potential = 3300
Monitored under Kyoto Protokol
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSCHEMICAL SYSTEMS – NOVEC 1230
Introduced in 2001
Discharges within 10 seconds
Clean – leaves no residue
Non toxic – safe for people
Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
Atmospheric Lifetime 5 days
Global Warming Potential = 1
Good safety factor
25 and 42 Bar System available
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Introduced in 2001
Discharges within 10 seconds
Clean – leaves no residue
Non toxic – safe for people
Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
Atmospheric Lifetime 5 days
Global Warming Potential = 1
Good safety factor
25 and 42 Bar System available
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSINERT SYSTEMS
INERGEN IG541
ARGONITE IG55
NITROGEN IG100
ARGON IG01
CARBON DIOXIDE CO2
These systems employ naturalgases such as nitrogen, argonand carbon dioxide or a blend ofthese gases.
INERGEN52% N2, 40% AR and 8% CO2
ARGONITE50% N2, 50% AR
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
INERGEN IG541
ARGONITE IG55
NITROGEN IG100
ARGON IG01
CARBON DIOXIDE CO2
These systems employ naturalgases such as nitrogen, argonand carbon dioxide or a blend ofthese gases.
INERGEN52% N2, 40% AR and 8% CO2
ARGONITE50% N2, 50% AR
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSDESIGN STANDARDS
EN 15004-1:2008 FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
ISO14520-1 : 2006 GASEOUS FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
BS7273-1:2006 ELECTRICAL ACTUATION OF FIRE SUPPRESSION
NFPA 2001 CLEAN AGENT FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
BS6266:2011 FIRE PROTECTION FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONS
IS3218:2013 FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
EN 15004-1:2008 FIXED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
ISO14520-1 : 2006 GASEOUS FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
BS7273-1:2006 ELECTRICAL ACTUATION OF FIRE SUPPRESSION
NFPA 2001 CLEAN AGENT FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
BS6266:2011 FIRE PROTECTION FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONS
IS3218:2013 FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL MECHANICAL LAYOUT
Storage Containers
Pipework
Discharge Nozzles
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL LAYOUT - CHEMICAL
Dedicated Chemical AgentSystems require numerouscylinders and can take upvaluable floor space.
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL LAYOUT - INERT
INERGEN CentralBank fully utilisesvaluable floor space
Gas Discharge ZoneDirectional Valves
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Central Bank stored upto 100 metres awayfrom risk area
Gas Discharge ZoneDirectional Valves
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSOVERCOMING VOLUME RESTRICTIONS
Risk A20 cylinders
Risk B15 cylinders
Risk C12 cylinders
Risk D18 cylinders
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
20 cylindercentral bank
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL INERGEN SYSTEM
INERGEN gas dischargecreates a mixture of 60%normal air mixed with40% INERGEN gas
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
INERGEN gas dischargecreates a mixture of 60%normal air mixed with40% INERGEN gas
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL INERGEN SYSTEM
%22
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Safety Margin
OXYGEN
CONCENTRATION
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
%22
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Time in Seconds
Fire dies from start of dischargeAnd is extinguished within 60seconds
OXYGEN
CONCENTRATION
12.5%INERGEN/OxygenAtmosphere
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL CHEMICAL SYSTEM
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
When gaseous firesuppression isdischarged into aprotected area, theinitial concentrationmeets the designrequirementsthroughout the room.
However, the gasdissipates from theroom through vents,through gaps arounddoors, windows andceiling tiles, etc.
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
When gaseous firesuppression isdischarged into aprotected area, theinitial concentrationmeets the designrequirementsthroughout the room.
However, the gasdissipates from theroom through vents,through gaps arounddoors, windows andceiling tiles, etc.
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL CHEMICAL SYSTEM
As the gas leaks fromthe room, theeffective layer drops.
Above this, theconcentration is lessthan the amountrequired to extinguishthe fireHeight of
ProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
As the gas leaks fromthe room, theeffective layer drops.
Above this, theconcentration is lessthan the amountrequired to extinguishthe fireHeight of
ProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL CHEMICAL SYSTEM
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Heavy chemical gasesleak quickly.
As the interface layerdrops below the top ofthe protectedequipment,the equipmentbecomes exposed tooxygen levels whichcan supportcombustion and couldrisk re-ignition.
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Height ofProtectedEquipment
Heavy chemical gasesleak quickly.
As the interface layerdrops below the top ofthe protectedequipment,the equipmentbecomes exposed tooxygen levels whichcan supportcombustion and couldrisk re-ignition.
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPICAL INERT SYSTEM
INERGEN gas leaksout VERY SLOWLYbecause it has asimilar density to air.
When INERGEN puts afire out, it stays out.
INERGEN gas leaksout VERY SLOWLYbecause it has asimilar density to air.
When INERGEN puts afire out, it stays out.
INERGEN gas leaksout VERY SLOWLYbecause it has asimilar density to air.
When INERGEN puts afire out, it stays out.
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
INERGEN gas leaksout VERY SLOWLYbecause it has asimilar density to air.
When INERGEN puts afire out, it stays out.
INERGEN gas leaksout VERY SLOWLYbecause it has asimilar density to air.
When INERGEN puts afire out, it stays out.
INERGEN gas leaksout VERY SLOWLYbecause it has asimilar density to air.
When INERGEN puts afire out, it stays out.
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSIS PRESSURE VENTING REQUIRED?
All Gas SuppressionSystems createpressure and requirepressure relief.
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
All Gas SuppressionSystems createpressure and requirepressure relief.
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSPRESSURE SPIKES – INERT V’s CHEMICAL
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSFAN TESTING – (ROOM PRESSURISATION & DE-PRESSURISATION)
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Air in and out
Fan unit
Variable speedFan and screen
Digital manometer
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
Overpressure vent
FAN TESTING – (ROOM PRESSURISATION & DE-PRESSURISATION)
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Fan testing – used to determine size of vents (if required)
to prevent overpressure during discharge
Pressure build up due to volumeof gas entering the enclosure.
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSFAN TESTING – (SUPERIOR HOLDING TIMES)
• Less enclosure integrity required
• Fire fighting concentrations maintained whenintegrity is breached
• INERGEN density as close to natural air aspossible
INERGEN
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
• Less enclosure integrity required
• Fire fighting concentrations maintained whenintegrity is breached
• INERGEN density as close to natural air aspossible
INERGEN
Chemicalagents
Agent Density
Inergen 1.29 Kg/m3
Carbon Dioxide 1.42 Kg/m3
NAF SIII @ 8.6% 1.43 Kg/m3
FM200 @ 7% 1.70 Kg/m3
Air on its Own 1.20 Kg/m3
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSPRO’s AND CON’s
Chemical NaturalCorrosive/toxic products yes noVisual obscuration yes noSudden temperature drop yes noCritical design concentrations yes noHigh cost of refill yes noGlobal Warming effect* yes noTested on Humans no yesCylinder storage consideration no yesRoom leakage factor yes yesPressure Relief Venting yes (P+N) yes (P)Dedicated Extract System yes not essential
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Chemical NaturalCorrosive/toxic products yes noVisual obscuration yes noSudden temperature drop yes noCritical design concentrations yes noHigh cost of refill yes noGlobal Warming effect* yes noTested on Humans no yesCylinder storage consideration no yesRoom leakage factor yes yesPressure Relief Venting yes (P+N) yes (P)Dedicated Extract System yes not essential
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSDECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Unlike Chemical gasesthat react with a fire to
create corrosive HFdecomposition products
INERGEN does NOTcreate corrosive HF
decompositionproducts
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSLEGISLATION
Halon 1301/1211 - BANNED. Mandatory removal December 2003
HCFCs (NAF S-111) :- EC ban from 1995
HFCs (FM-200) :- BANNED Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland.Restricted in U.K. and Ireland. Limited emissions on HFCs (no testing)
DETR statement HFC’s “Not A Sustainable Technology In The Longterm”
EU HFC Leakage Monitoring – F Gas
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Halon 1301/1211 - BANNED. Mandatory removal December 2003
HCFCs (NAF S-111) :- EC ban from 1995
HFCs (FM-200) :- BANNED Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland.Restricted in U.K. and Ireland. Limited emissions on HFCs (no testing)
DETR statement HFC’s “Not A Sustainable Technology In The Longterm”
EU HFC Leakage Monitoring – F Gas
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSSERVICE & MAINTENANCE
EN15004 Recommends…
Every 3 Months : Electrical Detection Systems
Every 6 Months : Mechanical Systems
Every 12 Months : Room Integrity Tests
Every 10 Years : Cylinder Pressure Testing
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
EN15004 Recommends…
Every 3 Months : Electrical Detection Systems
Every 6 Months : Mechanical Systems
Every 12 Months : Room Integrity Tests
Every 10 Years : Cylinder Pressure Testing
WATER BASED SYSTEMS
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
WATER BASED SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSTYPES OF WATER BASED SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
CONVENTIONAL SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Wet Type Sprinkler Systems Dry Type Sprinkler Systems
PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Non Interlock Preaction System Single Intelock Preaction System Double Interlock Preaction System
WATER MIST SYSTEMS
High Pressure Water Mist Systems
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
CONVENTIONAL SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Wet Type Sprinkler Systems Dry Type Sprinkler Systems
PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Non Interlock Preaction System Single Intelock Preaction System Double Interlock Preaction System
WATER MIST SYSTEMS
High Pressure Water Mist Systems
PRE-ACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMSDEFINITION AND TYPES OF PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS
NFPA 13 § 3.4.10* Preaction Sprinkler System
… A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that areattached to a piping system that contains air that might ormight not be under pressure, with a supplemental detectionsystem installed in the same areas as the sprinklers…
Piping is wet from pump unit up to the section valve, allpipe work down stream of the section valve is dry andsystem integrity is monitored by air.
Operating Pressure = 5 – 10 bar
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
NFPA 13 § 3.4.10* Preaction Sprinkler System
… A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that areattached to a piping system that contains air that might ormight not be under pressure, with a supplemental detectionsystem installed in the same areas as the sprinklers…
Piping is wet from pump unit up to the section valve, allpipe work down stream of the section valve is dry andsystem integrity is monitored by air.
Operating Pressure = 5 – 10 bar
PRE-ACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMSDEFINITION AND TYPES OF PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS
NON INTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEM
A detector operating first will cause water to flow into the sprinkler piping in readinessfor the operation of a sprinkler. However, whenever a sprinkler head operates first,this system will respond as a dry pipe system with water flow from the sprinklersystem.
SINGLE INTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEM
A detector operating first will cause water to flow into the sprinkler piping in readinessfor the operation of a sprinkler. When a sprinkler head operates first, an alarm will besounded however the sprinkler piping will not be flooded until a detector operates.
DOUBLE INTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEM
Both a detector and a sprinkler head must operate before the system piping isflooded and water discharged onto the source of the fire.
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
NON INTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEM
A detector operating first will cause water to flow into the sprinkler piping in readinessfor the operation of a sprinkler. However, whenever a sprinkler head operates first,this system will respond as a dry pipe system with water flow from the sprinklersystem.
SINGLE INTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEM
A detector operating first will cause water to flow into the sprinkler piping in readinessfor the operation of a sprinkler. When a sprinkler head operates first, an alarm will besounded however the sprinkler piping will not be flooded until a detector operates.
DOUBLE INTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEM
Both a detector and a sprinkler head must operate before the system piping isflooded and water discharged onto the source of the fire.
PRE-ACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMSDEFINITION AND TYPES OF PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS
X
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
X
+ +
PRE-ACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMSMAJOR COMPONENTS OF PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
TANK
HIGH PRESSURE WATER MIST SYSTEMSDEFINITION OF WATER MIST SYSTEMS
NFPA 750 : A water spray for which the 99% of the flow-weightedcumulative volumetric distribution of water droplets, Dv0.99, is lessthan 1000 μm at the minimum design operating pressure and ismeasured in a plane 1M from the nozzle.1000 μm = 1.0 mm, AFIS System = 10 – 150 μm (0.01 – 0.15 mm)
1.0 mm diameter = 2 m2 / litre
0.01 mm diameter = 200 m2 / Litre
Operating Pressure = up to 100 bar
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
NFPA 750 : A water spray for which the 99% of the flow-weightedcumulative volumetric distribution of water droplets, Dv0.99, is lessthan 1000 μm at the minimum design operating pressure and ismeasured in a plane 1M from the nozzle.1000 μm = 1.0 mm, AFIS System = 10 – 150 μm (0.01 – 0.15 mm)
1.0 mm diameter = 2 m2 / litre
0.01 mm diameter = 200 m2 / Litre
Operating Pressure = up to 100 bar
SIGNIFICANCE OF DROPLET SIZE
HIGH PRESSURE WATER MIST SYSTEMS
The smaller the droplet…
Greater Surface Area Evaporate Quicker Remain Airborne Longer
As a consequence…
Reduces Radiant Heat Improved Smoke Scrubbing Smaller Footprint
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
The smaller the droplet…
Greater Surface Area Evaporate Quicker Remain Airborne Longer
As a consequence…
Reduces Radiant Heat Improved Smoke Scrubbing Smaller Footprint
HIGH PRESSURE WATER MIST SYSTEMS
HOW DO WATER MIST SYSTEMS WORK3 Main Physcial Effects
Evaporation Cooling ~ 330 kJ to heat 1 liter from 20’C to 100’C ~ 2260 kJ to convert 1 litre to steam Energy absorption cools both flames and plume
Oxygen Displacement ~ 1600:1 volumetric expansion Steam generation aids lowering oxygen concentration
Radiation Blocking Prevents the fuels from volatizing and burning Reduces fire growth (inhibiting fire spread)
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
3 Main Physcial Effects
Evaporation Cooling ~ 330 kJ to heat 1 liter from 20’C to 100’C ~ 2260 kJ to convert 1 litre to steam Energy absorption cools both flames and plume
Oxygen Displacement ~ 1600:1 volumetric expansion Steam generation aids lowering oxygen concentration
Radiation Blocking Prevents the fuels from volatizing and burning Reduces fire growth (inhibiting fire spread)
HIGH PRESSURE WATER MIST SYSTEMSWHY SUCH HIGH PRESSURES
Momentum / Kinetic Energy…
Smaller droplets require a higher KineticEnergy to penetrate the fire plume to get tothe source of the fire…
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
HIGH PRESSURE WATER MIST SYSTEMSFULL SCALE FIRE TEST – ILIAD DATA CENTRE FRANCE
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
HIGH PRESSURE WATER MIST SYSTEMSMAJOR COMPONENTS OF WATER MIST SYSTEMS
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
TANK
COMPARISON OF SYSTEMSSAMPLE DATA CENTRE PROJECT
Floor Area = 1,000 m2 Heigth = 3.0 m Volume = 3,000 m3
Sprinkler HPWM Inert GasHazard Classification HC 1 HC 1 High Hazard
Area of Operation (m2) 140 140 Total Flooding
Head / Nozzle Pressure (bar) 0.5 100 20
Head / Nozzle K-Factor 80 2.75 n/a
Design Density (mm/min) 4 n/a n/a
No. Heads / Nozzles Operating in AMAO 12 7 All
Water Supply Duration (min.) 60 60 n/a
Water / Gas Volume (m3) 42* 14* 1,840
Tank / Cylinder footprint (m) 5.0 x 4.5** 3.0 x 2.5** 6.0 x 1.5
Pump foot print (m)*** 9.0 x 5.0 3.0 x 1.0 n/a* = Excludes Hydrants & Hose Reels** = Assumes 2.0 Meters High*** = Assumes Primary and Secondary Pump
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Sprinkler HPWM Inert GasHazard Classification HC 1 HC 1 High Hazard
Area of Operation (m2) 140 140 Total Flooding
Head / Nozzle Pressure (bar) 0.5 100 20
Head / Nozzle K-Factor 80 2.75 n/a
Design Density (mm/min) 4 n/a n/a
No. Heads / Nozzles Operating in AMAO 12 7 All
Water Supply Duration (min.) 60 60 n/a
Water / Gas Volume (m3) 42* 14* 1,840
Tank / Cylinder footprint (m) 5.0 x 4.5** 3.0 x 2.5** 6.0 x 1.5
Pump foot print (m)*** 9.0 x 5.0 3.0 x 1.0 n/a* = Excludes Hydrants & Hose Reels** = Assumes 2.0 Meters High*** = Assumes Primary and Secondary Pump
SYSTEM SERVICE & MAINTENANCE
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
SYSTEM SERVICE & MAINTENANCETHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
www.automaticfire.ieO U R S Y S T E M S D E T E C T, A L E R T, C O N T R O L, E X T I N G U I S H !
Established 1981
top related