firenze biblioteca medicea laurenziana2

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Santa Maria Novella Stazione Centrale

Santa Maria del Fiore

The Basilica di San Lorenzo is one of the largest churches of Florence, Italy, situated at the centre of the city’s main market district, and the burial place of all the principal members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III. The church is part of a larger monastic complex that contains other important architectural works: the Old Sacristy by Brunelleschi; the Laurentian Library by Michelangelo; the New Sacristy based on Michelangelos designs; and the Medici Chapels by Matteo Nigetti.

From the cloister you can reach the Medici library, also known as the Bibliotheca Medicea Laurenziana or Laurentian LibraryIn 1523 Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, the later pope Clement VII, commissioned Michelangelo with the design of the library. Construction started in 1525 but Michelangelo left Florence in 1534 and the library was completed by several architects who followed Michelangelo's design. One of the most original designs, a large staircase in the vestibule, was built by Ammannati in 1559.

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The reading room contains two sections of benches, also designed by Michelangelo.The library owns an impressive selection of historic manuscripts and books originally collected by Cosimo the Elder and later expanded by other members of the Medici family. The collection includes invaluable items such as the 8th century Codex Amiatinus (a bible) and the oldest version of the Naturalis Historia, a Roman encyclopedia.

Cosimo the Elder

Hidden treasures In the reading room the mosaic floor, which repeats the design of the ceiling, and the carved benches were made by various assistants from sketches of Michelangelo.The Laurentian Library in Florence, a masterwork by Michelangelo designed in 1524-25, contains also fifteen pairs of terra cotta panels bearing complex geometric patterns that have been long hidden from view, covered by benches (plutei) Florence is known for its hard stone mosaics which can be seen in the churches and palaces of Florence, an art that has spread over Italy

Original floors, currently covered by plutei.

Original floors, currently covered by plutei.

Original floors, currently covered by plutei.

Original floors, currently covered by plutei.

Original floors, currently covered by plutei.

Illuminated Manuscript - 13th Century

The books were not kept in the bookshelves. Instead, the outside of the reading seats had lists attached to them, showing the books to be found in that particular seat. The books themselves were chained to the reading seat. (500 years ago one was already concerned about guarding against theft).

In 1571, Cosimo I de' Medici opened the library to the public

The Laurentian Library (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) the historical library in Florence, contain a repository of more than 11,000 manuscripts and 4,500 early printed books.In 1571, Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany, opened the still-incomplete Library to scholars. Notable additions to the collection were made by its most famous librarian, Angelo Maria Bandini, who was appointed in 1757 and oversaw its printed catalogues. The Library conserves the Nahuatl Florentine Codex, the major source of pre-Conquest Aztec life. Among other well-known manuscripts in the Laurentian Library are the sixth-century Syriac Rabula Gospels; the Codex Amiatinus, which contains the earliest surviving manuscript of the Latin Vulgate Bible; the Squarcialupi Codex, an important early musical manuscript; and the fragmentary Erinna papyrus containing poems of the friend of Sappho.

Book of Hours of Lorenzo de' Medici

Michelango Portrait by Daniele da Volterra

Daniele da Volterra was a talented artist who studied in Rome under Michelangelo. He was profoundly influenced by the famous artist and became his good friend. After his teacher's death, Daniele was assigned by Pope Paul IV to paint in draperies to cover the nudity of figures in Michelangelo's "Last Judgment" in the Sistine Chapel. Because of this he became known as il Braghetone ("The Breeches Maker”).

Works of Homer - Circa 1500

AristotleMoral WritingsConstantinople. Second half of the 9th century.

Bible, Gospels.Manuscript open to page with the evangelist John and the incipit of his gospelConstantinopleSecond half of the 11th century.

Bible, GospelsMS open to page of Luke and the incipit of his GospelConstantinopleSecond half of the 11th century.

Bible, GospelsOpen to page with table of contents and chapters of MatthewConstantinopleFirst half of the 11th century

Codex AmiatinusThe Codex Amiatinus, designated by siglum A, is the earliest surviving manuscript of the nearly complete Bible in the Latin Vulgate version and is considered to be the most accurate copy of St. Jerome's text.

Corvinian manuscriptsThe library holds over 30 codices which were originally ordered by King Matthias. Many of these manuscripts were still unfinished at the time when news of the king's death reached Florence (1490). The volumes have been incorporated into the Medici collections. It seems that most of them were only fully decorated and finished for Pope Leo X, at around 1513. Most of these volumes were illustrated by Attavante degli Attavanti. These manuscripts thus never made it to the library at Buda - but colophons, dedicatory inscriptions and other data indicate that they were originally copied for Matthias. There are also a few other Corvinian manuscripts in the library

The three-volume Bible of King Matthias (Plut.73.39), M. FicinoDe triplici vita, fol. 80rDedicated to Matthias, with his emblems in the marginsThe coat of arms of Matthias painted over with the Medici coat of arms.

The Hippocratic ladder for correction of spinal deformities with the head pointing upwards

Corpus Hippocraticum

An illustration of Hippocratic board by Apollonius of Kitium showing correction of a spinal deformity by applying stronger force to restore the anatomy of the spine, by using a plank

Avicenna, Canon Medicinae, c. 1450

Manuscript illustration Simia of Rhodes, The Wings

Miniature of the fifteenth century depicting Ptolemy

The Rabbula Gospels is a 6th century illuminated

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The Rabbula Gospels

The Rabbula Gospels

Initial "A" from the

Antiphonary (Choir Book

39) 1381

The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research project in Mesoamerica by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. Bernardino originally titled it: La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España (in English: the Universal History of the Things of New Spain. After a translation mistake it was given the name "Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España".

The best-preserved manuscript is commonly referred to as "The Florentine Codex" after the Italian town hosting the archive library where it is held, the Laurentian Library in Florence.

In partnership with Aztec men who were formerly his students, Bernardino conducted research, organized evidence, wrote and edited his findings starting in 1545 up until his death in 1590.

It consists of 2,400 pages organized into twelve books with over 2,000 illustrations drawn by native artists providing vivid images of this era. It documents the culture, religious cosmology (worldview) and ritual practices, society, economics, and natural history of the Aztec people.

One scholar described The Florentine Codex as “one of the most remarkable accounts of a non-Western culture ever composed.”

The Florentine Codex Gods

The Florentine Codex Gods

Zanobi STROZZI Italian painter (1412-1468) Zanobi STROZZI The Dance of King David before the Ark of the Covenant

The largest anthology of Florentine music of the late 14th and early 15th centuries, the Squarcialupi Codex is without equal in both content and ornamentation.

The Squarcialupi Codex contains over 350 pieces of music, 150 of which are unique to this manuscript.

The Squarcialupi Codex

The Squarcialupi Codex

The Squarcialupi Codex

Francesco LandiniUncopyrighted 14th-century portrait; from the Squarcialupi Codex. Francesco degli Organi, Francesco il Cieco, or Francesco da Firenze, called by later generations Francesco Landini or Landino (ca. 1325 or 1335 – September 2, 1397) was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet and instrument maker. He was one of the most famous and revered composers of the second half of the 14th century, and by far the most famous composer in Italy.

Libro del Biadaiolo 1328-30

Libro del Biadaiolo 1328-30

Gradual from Santa Maria degli Angeli 1370

Book of Hours of Lorenzo de' Medici

Books of Hours of Lorenzo de' Medici

Lorenzo de’ Medici commissioned from leading Florentine illuminators three splendid Books of Hours as wedding gifts for his daughters. The first of these works − commissioned in about 1485, and now to be found in Monaco − he gave to Lucrezia, who married Jacopo Salviati. The second, now at the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana library, was for Luisa, the betrothed of Giovanni di Pierfrancesco de’ Medici (she died before the day of the wedding). The third was a wedding gift for Maddalena, the bride of Count Franceschetto Cybo, the illegitimate son of Pope Innocent VIII. These three Offizioli (or breviaries) are a touching tribute from a loving father − one of the most powerful men of the period of the Renaissance − to his three very young daughters

Rothschild Medici Book of Hours

Maddalena de' Medici

Historians believe Maddalena de’ Medici, born in Florence on 25 July 1473, was Lorenzo il Magnifico’s favourite daughter. Her marriage to Franceschetto Cybo, the son of Pope Innocent VIII, was a vitally important development for this noble Florentine house. Lorenzo’s prestige grew and, furthermore, he was able to better cultivate his relations with the Pope. This marriage also paved the way for his second son, Giovanni, who was to assume the papal office as Leo X. Maddalena received this work, a small exquisitely adorned and bound book of prayers − now a part of the Rothschild   collection at Waddesdon Manor in England − as a wedding gift. Of the codices commissioned for his daughters, this work was the finest and most richly adorned. The Rothschild Medici Book of Hours contains twenty-seven illuminations

Rothschild Medici Book of Hours (detail)

Book of Hours of Lorenzo de' Medici in Biblioteca Laurenziana

Book of Hours of Lorenzo de' Medici

The Hours of Lorenzo de' Medici is a Renaissance book of Hours produced in Florence for Lorenzo de' Medici in the style of Francesco di Antonio del Chierico, the favourite miniature painter of Lorenzo's grandfather Cosimo de' Medici. It follows the Roman liturgy of the hours and contains illustrated calendars of saints and nine large miniatures with decorative borders.

Book of Hours of Lorenzo de' Medici

Book of Hours of Lorenzo de' Medici

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Sound: Francesco Landini - Una colomba candida

Text and Pictures: InternetCopyright: All the images belong to their authors

Presentation: Sanda Foişoreanuwww.slideshare.net/michaelasanda