fluid mechanics unit -5
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UNIT-5
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES
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Reciprocating Pumps
It is a positive displacement pump It uses a piston and cylinder
arrangement with suction and deliveryvalves integrated with the pump.
It can be single acting and double acting
There may be single or multi cylindersalso.
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Reciprocating Pumps
It is a positive displacement pump
It sucks and raises the liquid by actually
displacing it with a piston/plunger thatexecutes a reciprocating motion in a closely
fitting cylinder.
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Working of single acting ReciprocatingPump
Single Acting Reciprocating Pump
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Working of single acting ReciprocatingPump
During suction stroke the piston moves tothe left, causing the inlet valve to open.
Water is admitted into the cylinder throughthe inlet valve.
During the discharge stroke the piston
moves to the right closes the suction valve andopens the out let valve.
Through the outlet valve the volume ofliquid moved out of the cylinder.
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Double Acting Reciprocating pump
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Double Acting Reciprocating Pump -Working
Each cycle consists of two strokes.
Both the strokes are effective, hence it is knownas double acting pump
Liquid is filled at one end and discharged atother end during forward stroke.
During the return stroke, end of cylinder justemptied is filled and the end just filled is
emptied.
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Advantages of reciprocating pump
Relatively compact design High viscosity performance
Ability to handle high differentialpressure.
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Discharge of reciprocating pump
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Double acting reciprocating pump
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Problems
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Air Vessels
Air vessel is a closed
chamber containing
compressed air in the
upper part and liquid
being pumped in the
lower part.
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Purpose of using an Air Vessel
To get continuous supply of liquid at auniform rate.
To save the power required to drive the
pump (By using an air vessel the accelerationand friction heads are considerably reduced)
To run the pump at much higher speed
without any danger of separation.
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