fm mgt theory and classical approach
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8/3/2019 FM Mgt Theory and Classical Approach
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Group Members:
Shivangi Shukla
Avani Patel
Maitri Shah
Mital Patel
Mondish Patel
Hardik Shah
SahradayiModi
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Classical approaches to organizationalClassical approaches to organizationalmanagement and early organizational theoriesmanagement and early organizational theorieswere designed to predict and control behavior were designed to predict and control behavior in organizations.in organizations.
Classical Approach theory emerged in earlyClassical Approach theory emerged in early part of the twentieth century. Models were part of the twentieth century. Models weremilitary and the Catholic Church.military and the Catholic Church.
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Definition:Definition:
Body of management thought based on
the belief that employees have
only economical and physical needs, and
that social needs and need for job-satisfaction either don't exist or are
unimportant.Accordingly, this
school advocates high specialization of labor, centralized decision making, and
profit maximization.
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Features:Features:
Strict CONTROL of workersStrict CONTROL of workers
Absolute CHAINS of COMMANDAbsolute CHAINS of COMMAND
PREDICTABILITY of behavior PREDICTABILITY of behavior
UNIDIRECTIONAL downward influenceUNIDIRECTIONAL downward influence
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ClassicalTheory of
Management
Bureaucratic
TheoryAdministrative
Theory
Scientific
Theory
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Bureaucratic Theory of MgtBureaucratic Theory of Mgt
Weber·s Theory of Bureaucracy:Weber·s Theory of Bureaucracy:
Max Weber(1864-1920)
German Sociologist
Theory of Social and Economic Organization (1947)
PRIMARY FOCUS: Organizational Structure
Worker should respect the ́ rightµ of managers to
direct activities dictated by organizational rules andprocedures
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What is Bureaucracy?What is Bureaucracy?
Bureaucracy is an organization with a
legalized formal and hierarchical structure;
also refers to the formal structural
process within an organization.Bureaucracy allows for the optimal form
of authority - ´rational authorityµ
Rational Authority - rational application of rules or laws
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Bureaucratic Theory of MgtBureaucratic Theory of Mgt
y It stressed the need for a strictly defined
hierarchy governed by clearly defined
regulations & lines of authority.
y Weber considered the ideal organization
to be a bureaucracy whose activities &
objectives were rationally thought out &
whose division of labor were explicitlyspelled out.
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Bureaucratic Theory of MgtBureaucratic Theory of Mgt
Application in the Modern Workplace
Large organizations guided by countlessrules are bureaucracies
Linked with inefficient, slow-movingorganizations
Organizations have several
characteristics of bureaucracies
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Scientific Theory of ManagementScientific Theory of Management
y Scientific theory was arose in part from
the need to increase productivity.
y The only way to expand productivity was
to rise the efficiency of workers.
y Frederick W. Taylor , Henry L. Gantt , and
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth deviced the
body of principles known as scientificmanagenemt theory.
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Frederick W. TaylorFrederick W. Taylor
y Principles
y The development of a true science of
management
y The scientific selection of workers
y The scientific education and development
of workers
y Intimate, friendly cooperation between
management and labour.
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Taylor·s Theory of ScientificTaylor·s Theory of Scientific
ManagementManagementyy Elements of Scientific ManagementElements of Scientific Management
Scientific design of every aspect of every task x Time and Motion Studies
Careful selection and training of every task
Proper remuneration for fast and high-quality work x Maximize output - increase pay
Equal division of work and responsibility between worker and manager
yy Underlying ThemesUnderlying Themes
Managers are intelligent; workers are and should be ignorant
Provide opportunities for workers to achieve greater financial rewards
Workers are motivated almost solely by wages Maximum effort = Higher wages
Manager is responsible for planning, training, and evaluating
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Taylor·s Theory of ScientificTaylor·s Theory of Scientific
ManagementManagementyy Application in the Modern WorkplaceApplication in the Modern Workplace
Assembly Line Plants as Prototypical Examples
´Prisoners of Taylorismµ
System of Remuneration (quotas - commission)
Re-Design - Reengineering
Benchmarking
Data are used to refine, improve, change, modify, andeliminate organizational processes
Lean Manufacturing
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Administrative Theory of Mgt.Administrative Theory of Mgt.
Henri Fayol (1841-1925)
Fayol believed that sound management practice falls into
Certain patterns that can be identified.
He was interested in total organization and focused onManagement.
He gave 14 principles of Management, and according to him
Management is like a skill.
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14 principles of Management By14 principles of Management By
HenriHenri FayolFayol«..«..1)
1) Division of Labour
2) Authority
3) Discipline
4) Unity of Command
5) Unity of Direction
6) Subordination of Interest
7) Remuneration.
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8) Centralization
6) Subordination of Interest
10) Order
13) Initiative
12) Stability of Staff
14) Esprit de corps
9) The Hierarchy
11) Equity
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Scientific Mgt. Theory by Frank andScientific Mgt. Theory by Frank and
LillianLillian GilberthGilberthBorn Lillie Evelyn Moller
May 24, 1878
Oakland, California
Died January 2, 1972 (aged 93)
Phoenix, Arizona
Residence United States
Nationality American
Alma mater University of California
Brown University
Occupation Ergonomics expert
Management consultant
Professor
Known for Seminal contributions
to human factors
Spouse Frank Bunker Gilbreth,
Sr.
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GilberthsGilberths· Contributions to· Contributions to
Management TheoryManagement Theoryy Drifting process
y Motion study´Analyzing an activity into its smallest possible
elements, and from the results synthesizing a method
of performing the activity that shall be more efficient.µ
--Frank Gilberth
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GilberthsGilberths· Study of Motion· Study of Motion
y Doctors
y Disabled persons
y Baseball playersy Golfers
y Brick layers
y Homemakers
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GilberthsGilberths· Main Goals in Working· Main Goals in Working
withC
ompanieswithC
ompaniesy Increase efficiency by removing
unnecessary movements
y Reduce fatigue for employees
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GilberthsGilberths· Contributions to· Contributions to
Management TheoryManagement Theoryy Frank and Lillian integrated science into
management by:
Proper planning Gathering
Arranging
Systematizing information
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Scientific Mgt. Theory by HenryScientific Mgt. Theory by Henry
GanttGantt
Henry Laurence Gantt
Born 1861
Died November 23, 1919
Citizenship United States
Fields Scientific managementKnown for Gantt chart
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Henry Gantt's legacy to management profession is
the following:
The Gantt chart: Accepted as a the most important project managementtool until today. It provides a graphic mechanism of planning, controlling
work and recording the progress of workers toward the task standard.
The Chart also led to its modern variation - PERT (Program Evaluation and
Review Technique).
Industrial Efficiency: Industrial efficiency can Only be produce by theapplication of scientific analysis to every aspect of work. and industrial
management role is to improve the system by eliminating chance andaccidents.
The Task And Bonus System: He linked the a manager bonus to how well
he teaches his employees to perform better.
The social responsibility of business: He believed that the business hadobligations to the welfare of society that it operates in.
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