forming and naming ionic compounds (type 1 and 2 binary compounds)

Forming and NamingIonic Compounds(Type 1 and 2 Binary Compounds)

Ionic Compounds

• Ionic compounds have 2 naming patterns:– Type 1 binary compounds• The metals only have one cation

– Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Metals in group 13, 14, 15, 16– A few random transition metals: Zn, Ag

» (because they only have one charge)

– Type 2 binary compounds• The metals have more than one cation

– Transition Metals

Type 1 Ionic Compounds

Cations with only 1 charge

Forming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

4 STEPS FOR BALANCING TYPE 1 BINARY COMPOUNDS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Write the ions with their charge.– Both cation and anion

2. Balance the charges3. Write the neutral compound4. Use the naming rules listed in the next slide to name

the ionic compound.

Forming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

• Example – Na and S1. Write the ions with their charges• Cation

– Na is the metal that is found in group 1– Na forms the cation (Na+)

• Anion– S is the nonmetal that is found in group 16– S forms the anion (S-2)

Forming Type 1 Ionic Compounds2. Balance the charges• (Na+) and (S-2), Are they balanced?

– No! Na is +1 and S is -2» +1-2 = -1

• How would you balance them?– Multiply (Na+) by 2– (Na+)2 (S-2)

• Then drop the charges and the parentheses– Na2S

3. Write the neutral (balanced) compound• Na2S

4. Use the naming rules to write the name of the compound. This will be done later in the PPT.

Forming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

1. Mg and Cl1. Write the ions with their charges• (Mg+2) and (Cl-1)

2. Balance the charges• (Mg+2) (Cl-1)2 +2 (-1)2 = 0 balanced? Yes!

3. Write the neutral (balanced) compound• MgCl2

4. Use the naming rules to write the name of the compound. This will be done later in the PPT.

Forming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

2. Zn and O1. Write the ions with their charges• (Zn+2) and (O-2)

2. Balance the charges• (Zn+2) (O-2) +2 (-2) = 0 balanced? Yes!

3. Write the neutral (balanced) compound• ZnO

4. Use the naming rules to write the name of the compound. This will be done later in the PPT.

Forming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

3. Al and S1. Write the ions with their charges• (Al+3) and (S-2)

2. Balance the charges (least common multiple…)• (Al+3)2 (S-2)3 (+3)2 + (-2)3 = 0 balanced? Yes!

3. Write the neutral (balanced) compound• Al2S3

4. Use the naming rules to write the name of the compound. This will be done later in the PPT.

Forming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

Write the compound formula for Beryllium sulfide.

Is it balanced? Be+2, S-2 YES!

BeS

Naming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

RULES FOR NAMING TYPE 1 BINARY COMPOUNDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------• The cation is always named first.• The anion is always named second.• A simple cation takes its name from the name of the

element.• A simple anion is named by taking the root of the

element and adding “-ide”

Naming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

• Example – Na2S that we formed earlier…– Na is the metal that forms the cation (Na+1)– S is the nonmetal that forms the anion (S-2)– Na is called sodium– S is called sulfur, but the rule says “take the root of

the element name and add “–ide”, so it becomes sulfide.

– The name would be Sodium sulfide.

Naming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

1. MgCl2 that we formed earlier…– Mg is the metal that forms the cation (Mg+2)– Cl is the nonmetal that forms the anion (Cl-)– Mg is called magnesium– Cl is called chlorine, but the rule says “take the

root of the element name and add “–ide”, so it becomes chloride.

– The name would be Magnesium chloride.

Naming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

2. ZnO that we formed earlier…– Zn is the metal that forms the cation (Zn+2)– O is the nonmetal that forms the anion (O-2)– Zn is called zinc– O is called oxygen, but the rule says “take the root

of the element name and add “–ide”, so it becomes oxide.

– The name would be Zinc oxide.

Naming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

3. Al2S3 that we formed earlier… – Al is the metal that forms the cation (Al+3)– S is the nonmetal that forms the anion (S-2)– Al is called aluminum– S is called sulfur, but the rule says “take the root of

the element name and add “–ide”, so it becomes sulfide.

– The name would be Aluminum sulfide.

Naming Type 1 Ionic Compounds

Name MgO

Is it balanced? Mg+2, O-2 YES!

Magnesium oxide

Type 2 Ionic Compounds

Cations with more than 1 charge

Forming Type 2 Ionic Compounds

5 STEPS FOR BALANCING TYPE 2 BINARY COMPOUNDS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Write the cations with their charge.2. Choose the cation that best balances the charge with

the anion.3. Balance the charges.4. Write the neutral compound5. Use the naming rules listed in the next slide to name

the ionic compound.

Forming Type 2 Ionic Compounds• Example – CuCl

1. Write the cations with their charge.• Cation

– Cu is the metal that is found in the transition metals– Cu forms the cations (Cu+1) and (Cu+2)

2. Choose the cation that best balances the charge with the anion for the given compound.• Anion

– Cl is the nonmetal that is found in the halogens (group 17)– Cl forms the anion (Cl-1)

• Cation– The cation that best balances the anion (Cl-1) for the given

compound would be (Cu+1)

Forming Type 2 Ionic Compounds2. Balance the charges• (Cu+) and (Cl-1), Are they balanced?

– Yes! Cu is +1 and Cl is -1» +1-1 = 0

• Then drop the charges and the parentheses– CuCl

3. Write the neutral (balanced) compound• CuCl

4. Use the naming rules to write the name of the compound. This will be done later in the PPT.

Forming Type 2 Ionic Compounds1. Fe2O3

1. Write the cations with their charge.• (Fe+2) and (Fe+3)

2. Choose the cation that best balances the charge with the anion for the given compound.• (Fe-3)

3. Balance the charges (least common multiple…)• (Fe+3)2 (O-2)3 (+3)2 + (-2)3 = 0 balanced? Yes!

4. Write the neutral (balanced) compound• Fe2O3

5. Use the naming rules to write the name of the compound. This will be done later in the PPT.

Forming Type 2 Ionic Compounds1. PbCl4

1. Write the cations with their charge.• (Pb+2) and (Pb+4)

2. Choose the cation that best balances the charge with the anion for the given compound.• (Pb+4)

3. Balance the charges (least common multiple…)• (Pb+4) (Cl-1)4 (+4) + (-1)4 = 0 balanced? Yes!

4. Write the neutral (balanced) compound• PbCl4

5. Use the naming rules to write the name of the compound. This will be done later in the PPT.

Naming Type 2 Ionic Compounds

RULES FOR NAMING TYPE 2 BINARY COMPOUNDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------• The cation is always named first.• The anion is always named second.• A simple cation takes its name from the name of the

element.• A Roman numeral is used to represent the charge of

the cation. It is placed after the cation name.• A simple anion is named by taking the root of the

element and adding “-ide”

Naming Type 2 Ionic Compounds

• Example – CuCl that we formed earlier…– Cu is the metal that forms the cation (Cu+1)– Cl is the nonmetal that forms the anion (Cl-1)– (Cu+1) is called Copper (I)– Cl is called chlorine, but the rule says “take the

root of the element name and add “–ide”, so it becomes chloride.

– The name would be Copper (I) chloride.

Naming Type 2 Ionic Compounds

• Example – Fe2O3 that we formed earlier…– Fe is the metal that forms the cation (Fe+3)– O is the nonmetal that forms the anion (O-2)– (Fe+3) is called Iron (III)– O is called oxygen, but the rule says “take the root

of the element name and add “–ide”, so it becomes oxide.

– The name would be Iron (III) oxide.

Naming Type 2 Ionic Compounds

• Example – PbCl4 that we formed earlier…– Pb is the metal that forms the cation (Pb+4)– Cl is the nonmetal that forms the anion (Cl-1)– (Pb+4) is called Lead (IV)– Cl is called chloride, but the rule says “take the

root of the element name and add “–ide”, so it becomes chloride.

– The name would be Lead (IV) chloride.