frog anatomy

trunk Head

Eye

Tail ? Neck ?

Nictitating membrane

image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html

• Forelimbs and Hind limbs help in swimming, walking, leaping and burrowing

• Hind limbs ends in five digits and they are larger and muscular than fore limbs that end in four digits.

• Feet have webbed digit that help in swimming.

• Male frogs can be distinguished by the presence of sound producing vocal sacs and also a copulatory pad on the first digit of the fore limbs which are absent in female frogs

NO CLAWS

image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html

38. Auricle (atrium)39. Ventricle40. Conus arteriosus42. Lung43. Liver44. Gall bladder46. Small intestine47. Large intestine49. Spleen50. Kidney51. Fat bodies52. Urinary bladder55. Adrenal gland56. testis

40

38

44

46

5149

47

52

55

56

39

42 43

50

Pericardial membrane around heartMesentery holds intestines together

image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html

Digestive system

• Alimentary canal and dig. Glands

• Alimentary canal short– carnivorous

•Mouth,Oesophagus, Intestine, Rectum, Cloacal, Aperture, Buccal cavity, Pharynx, Stomach.

Diagrammatic Representation of Internal Organs of frog showing complete digestive system

Mouth

Buccal Cavity

Pharynx

Oesophagus

Stomach

Intestine

Rectum

Cloacal Aperture

image from: http://www.spc.cc.tx.us/biology/jmckinney/Studyimages/frog/frogdissectlist.html

GLOTTISOpening torespiratory

GULLETOpening to digestive

STOMACH:

LIVER:

GALL BLADDER

Make acid (HCl) and digestive enzymesStart digestion (grind up food)

Make bile(bile emulsifies fat)Store glycogenStore vitaminsProcess toxins (including nitrogen waste) for kidneys

Store bile

PANCREAS

Pancreas (enlarged)

PANCREAS :- produces pancreatic juice

Makes TRYPSIN, INSULIN, GLUCAGON

TRYPSIN- breaks down proteins

INSULIN- tells cells to store glucose from

bloodstream as glycogen

GLUCAGON- tells cells to release stored

glucose to blood stream

SPLEEN

Produces and stores new RBC’s and processes old worn out ones

SMALL INTESTINE

DUODENUM-first part of intestine

Receives trypsin and bile; finishes digestion

ILEUM

Absorbs nutrients

VILLI & MICROVILLI

Increase surface area

http://neuromedia.neurobio.ucla.edu/campbell/epithelium/wp_images/107%20villi.jpg

LARGE INTESTINE

Removes water from digestive waste;

concentrates feces

Undigested waste move into rectum and pass out through cloaca

http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/frog/largeintestine.html

BREATHING THROUGH SKIN is called CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION

Respiratory System

Acquatic Respiratory organ

(Diffusion)

LUNGS:- Pulmonary Respiration

GASEXCHANGE

http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/frog/index.html

http://www.stclement.pvt.k12.il.us/studentWeb/science98/GarrittPatM/alveoli.gif

On Land Buccal cavity skin and Lungs –Respiratory organs

Larvae breathe with GILLS

Circulatory System

Well developed closed typeIt includes heart, blood vessels and blood

Heart :- Muscular, three chambered covered by pericardium

HEART3 chambered heartRight atriumLeft atriumVentricle

Sinus Venosus

joins to right atrium

Ventricles opens to conus arteriosus

Images from: http://www2.volstate.edu/msd/BIO/1020/Lab7ChordateII.htm

ADULT FROG: 3 chamber heart 2 loop system

Sinus venosus

RIGHTAtrium

Ventricle Conus arteriosus

Lungs

Bodyorgans

LEFTAtrium

FROG CIRCULATION

Portal Circulatory System

• Hepatic portal system - Special venous connection between liver and intestine

• Renal portal system - Between kidney and lower parts of the body

MOST vertebrates have nuclei in their RBC’s

MAMMALS DON’T

Frog blood composed of Plama, RBC, WBC and plateletts

Sinus venosus

RIGHTAtrium

Ventricle Conus arteriosus

Lungs

Bodyorgans

LEFTAtrium

FROG CIRCULATION

10 Body Systems :___________________ Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells

Nitrogen waste has different chemical forms:

___________ __________ _____________

MOST TOXIC made from LEAST TOXIC ammonia by needs the least

liver water to dilute FISH HUMANS BIRDS, REPTILES

AMPHIBIANS

EXCRETORY

AMMONIA UREA URIC ACID

Image from: http://step.sdsc.edu/projects95/Frog.Dissection/index.html

KIDNEYS- Remove nitrogen waste from blood and dilute it with water to make urine; osmoregulation

URINARY BLADDER

http://www.manheimcentral.org/~tw005690/Frog/frog.htm

STORES URINE MADE BY KIDNEYS

LARVAE (Tadpoles)Excrete AMMONIA like fish

Adult frogs excrete UREA to conserve water

CLOACADIGESTIVE

EXCRETORY

REPRODUCTIVE