from e-government to open government
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Johann Höchtl, Peter Parycek, Zentrum für E-Governance
FROM E-GOVERNMENTTO OPEN
GOVERNMENT
Danube University Krems
(CC-BY) https://flic.kr/p/e8uDwc
W3C Meeting 16. October 2014 Budapest
Agenda
• E-Government in Austria• Drivers of Change• Current and Upcoming Topics
– The coming disintegration of internal and external– Big and Open Data– SmartICT and Smart Agglomerations
• What to do Now – Fields of Action
E-GOVERNMENT DEFINITIONS
E-Government Definition EU-Commission
“Information and communication technologies (ICT) can help public administrations to cope with the many challenges. However, the focus should not be on ICT itself.”
“Instead it should be on the use of ICT combined with organisational change and new skills in order to improve public services, democratic processes and public policies.
This is what eGovernment is about.”
Source: COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS, 2003. http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/2005/doc/all_about/egov_communication_en.pdf
E-Government
e-Government
e-Executive(Exekutive)
e-Legislation(Legislative)
e-Jurisdiction(Jurisdiktion)
E-Government
G 2 C G 2 B
G 2 E G 2 G
G 2 C ... Government to Citizen G 2 B ... Government to BusinessG 2 E ... Government to Employee G 2 G ... Government to Government
E-Legislation E-Executive E-Jurisdiction
E-Government(E-Staat)
E- Public Administration – public law
E-Privat Administration – private law
E-Participation
e-Government internal
e-Government external
CitizenBusiness
B2G C2G
G2G, Government to Government / B2G, Business to Government / C2G, Citizen to Government
Federal State
Provinzial State
Townships
G2G
Grey Sector: Public Corporations, Self Government Organisations, Non Profit Organisation,
Representation of interests etc.
E-Government - Relationships
G2G
E-Government Goals
Digitalization of InformationRe-Design of Processesmore efficient Processes undmore effective Decisions.
InternalE-Government
Digital Information and ServicesExternal
E-Government
SynergyThrough
IT
E-Government Dimensions
Law
Technology
Organisation
profitability
1.0 – Databases (Cadastre, …)
1.2 + Web-Sites
1.4 + Portals & eID (HELP, Bürgerkarte …)
1.6 + Internal Workflows (Fabasoft, SAP …)
1.8 + Applications (FinanzOnline …)
1.9 + Further Potential: Data & Information
2.0 + Internal and external Collaboration
E-Government Development
E-GOVERNMENT PROCESS
Application
Internal Workflow
Delivery
Behörde A
Behörde B
Behörde C
ZMR GWR PSR
E-Government Process1. One & No Stop2. eID & eSig3. Keine Beilagen
1.Signature2.Duale Dilivery
G2G
Forms
ePayment
E-Delivery
Electronic Signature
Portals 4 Citizen and Compaines Integration of Applications
Reference Modell
Interoperability
European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for European public services, p. 71, http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf
E-GOVERNMENT INTERNAL
Ministries
Provinces
Municipality
Digital Document & Workflow System
Digital Document & Workflow Systems(FabaSoft/SAP (horizontal)
IT Architecture
Digital Document & Workflow System
Central Databases (vertical)
Connect
Digital Document &
Workflow System
(vertical)
Citizen & Business
eID Management
Companies
Public LawPrivate L aw
Databases:
Identifier
Unternehmensregisternummer:
CSO DBOffical Company DB
OCDB-Nr CSO. Nr. ON des Ergänzungsregisters sonstiger Betroffener (neu)
ON/GLN as Second Identifier
Sonstige
ON = GLN
Resident DB ERnP
People
SZ-Nr
CSO DB
ObjectsLegal BodiesPeople
Central Databases
Business DBLegal Status DB Cadastre
Buildings
Addresses
Other…
Vgl. Ledinger, BKA
Legal Comp. DB
CSO
Other…
Residence DB
Driving L. DB
Weitere …
E-GOVERNMENT – EID & ESIG
25.04.2003 © Peter Parycek, Donau-Universität Krems 22
Data-Centers 1 bis n
Access by Web
Mid Office
Back Office
Front Office
Access by Mobile
Access by feet Access by Terminal
Webportal Call Center Office Intranet-Apps
Civil Servant 1 bis n
ORG-TECH Architecture
eSig = eID?
eID Concepts
• Username & Password• Software Certificates • USB/Token Solutions• Smart-Card Solutions• Secure Element• …
Var1: Signatur (ZDA) People Database
IdentifierDatabase
„electronic Identity“* ZDA = Zertifizierungsdiensteanbieter
Signature
Common eID Combinations
Var 2: LogIn ()
LogIn
+
Vergleich AT/LIE/DE/CH-Zug
Identification Authentication Identifier eSignature Technical solution
AT
eSignature eSignature Sector specific identifier
integrated open carrier system; different card based solutions and one mobile token based solution.
LIE
UsernamePassword or eSignature
Mobile tokenor eSignature
One Identifier for administrative processes
optional user name password and mobile token and one card based solution.
DE Identity Card Card based not offered optional card based solution
CHZug
UsernamePassword
Mobile token Identifier for administrative processes
Not offered user name password and mobile token
Campanies vs. States
Companies vs. EU
DRIVERS OF CHANGE
Mobility
Digitisation
Connectivity Intelligence
Source: Parycek, Simonitsch, Fandler, Müller
1. Intelligence
1001011001001
2. Digitisation 3. Connectivity
1001011001001
Internet of Things, Cybernetics, Mobility
The New Rule Set
Horizontal vs. Vertical
CC by miguel ángel pelegrí
Closed Hierarchies Open Networks
Open Gov Dimensions
• Openness (Strategic & democratic Transparency)
• Accountability(Prozesse & Entscheidungen)
Legitimicy
• Openness, Participation & Collaboration(G-Networks),
• Sharing of Resources(Digital Common Goods)
Capacity
• Digital Law ( Datenschutz, ...)• Data & Information• Legal Framework for Collaboration
Legality
CURRENT AND UPCOMING CHALLENGES
Disintegration ofInternal vs. External
http://www.beltz.de/de/kinder-jugendbuch/moritz-verlag/neuerscheinungen/buchdetailseite/titel/drinnen-und-draussen.html
Administration Now: Input Output
Portal E-Delivery
1 2 3
Backoffice
Administration 2025: Process circles
communicate
eval
uate
edit
monitor
shape
initiate
ProcessParticipation
Big Data
Open Data
Cloud Computing
Mobility
Inter
net o
f Thin
gs
Administration 2025:Share your place – work together...
Knowledge management instead of records management
Connected instead of hierarchal Administration back office
Applications as Apps for officials, citizens and economy stakeholders.
Administration 2025:Functional Features
Calendar
DocumentManagement
Voting
Domain specific application 2Domain specific application 1
CalendarMessaging
VotingComponent interoperability
features
CalendarMessaging
Scheduling
Public Platforms
Administration 2025:Interoperability Features
An actual challenge …
The data formats you provide are of little value to us. You lack the knowledge? No worriers, let us put our hands on your servers and together
we will work out a suitable data format.
Open Data Community Meeting Graz, 2014
BIG &
… which we will increasingly call Smart Data
Service: private operatedOpen (Govt.) Data in Austria:Big Picture
data.eu
MunicipalitiesProvincesMinistries
?
Private Persons Companies NGOs
data.opendataportal.at
Portal: Government operated Portal: Private operated
Big Picture
Private Data
Hydrants
But in Viennawe had ….
OGD lesser expected results
• Inter-department information managementReduced efforts for data claims
• Harmonisation of data formats due to public urge
• Shared understandingWhat are we talking about when we talk about public multimedia booths?
• Streamlined processes and IT-appliancesFrom internal systems to the data platform
Open Data Portal for Companies, Science, Civil Society Organizations, People, Machines, …
www.opendataportal.at
Government
Digital Austria
„BLSG“ - CooperationFederal Layer, Provinces, Municipalities
IT-Responsible Economy Representatives
Formal Coordination
Governance Framework
Entities operating an OD
Portal
Informal Coordination
CooperationOGD Austria
Sub-WGs• Metadata• Linked Data• Quality…
Federal Layer,Provinces,Municipalities
+ Expertise fromEconomy, NGOs,Universities
HOW BIG IS BIG?
If a cup of cofe could hold a Gigabyte of data …
… one Zettabyte would havethe Volume of the
Great Wall of China
http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-dawn-of-the-zettabyte-era-infographic/
1880: US Census 1890: US Census
Data Sources
• Sensor Data Sensoring everything– from digital Cow to sensored humans (plants,
transportation networks, energy grids, …)
• Social Media Data– exponential growth with Google Glasses predicted
(Images, Videos, Text, Sensors, ...)
• Transport and Motion data– GPS, GSM, etc.
• Internet of Things data– inventory data and machine to machine communication,
machine to human;
Kinds of Data
Source: McKinsey Global Institute analysis (2013)
Big Data & Analytic Shifts
• End of Causality• End of Exactitude• End of Samples
Source: Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and ThinkViktor Mayer-Schönberger, Kenneth Cukier
MixIt: Netflix Challenge
Combination of algorithms Combination of internal and external data!
Early
-War
ning
Syst
em &
Agen
da S
etting
Prognosis &Scenario
ExecutionDecision
Evaluation DecisionCycle
Decision Cycle
Source: Donau-Universität Krems, Centre for E-Governance
Danube University Krems.The University for Continuing Education.
Smart Cities & Smart ICT
FACTS
In 2020, 600 cities will account for 65% of BNP
80% of BNP is generated in cities(in developed countries)
USA: 90% of BNP, 86% of Jobs are produced on 3% of land
http://knowledge.insead.edu/economics-politics/cities-of-the-future-2484
http://www.unhabitat.org/cdrom/docs/wuf1.pdf
http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/11/20/cities-solve-problems
CLAIMS
Urban areas contribute disproportionally to national
productivity. However, the structural productivity of
cities will at least in part rest upon an efficient supply
of serviced land and reliable infrastructure, including
transport, power, water and sanitation as well as
information & communication technologies.
“
UN Habitat Report State of the World's Cities 2012/2013, p. xivhttp://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=3387
Wait – Plan – Build – Hope
The traditionalplanning approach
The new approachAsk – Integrate – Co-create – Innovate
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The quadruple Helixhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/quadruple-helix-dna_n_2527882.html
Indu
stry
,SM
Es
Universities
Local Government Peop
le
Terms & AssociationsCity Nation
Function IdentityWork, innovation & creativity Cultural originsWhat you do and how you do it – aims and interests
Who you are and where you come from
Advertisement FlagsMotion - driven by aspiration Static - defined by historyCollaboration PowerMayors discuss garbage and snow removal Prime ministers / chancellors proclaim
distinctive identities
Smartness and the Role of ICT
Splatters from the Internet – What constitutes a smart city?
• … efficiency based on the intelligent management and integrated ICT
• … ability to solve problems and use of ICTs to improve this capacity
• … main focus is still on the role of ICT infrastructure• … investments into ICT
Smart EconomySmart Mobility
Smart Governance Smart People
Smart Living
Smart Environment
ICT is the mortar which ties building blocks together
G7 / G8 / G20 C-40
Rural structures dominate cities - Federal government paralysed by shut down.
„New York garbage has to be removed nonetheless.“
Challenges no longer met by nations?
FIELDS OF ACTIONWhere to go from Here?
Digital GovernanceStrategic policy Framework
Technology• IT-Services• Data• Infrastructure
Organisation• Structure• Processes
Culture• Leadership• HR development• Stakeholder
Law• Legal Framework• Regulations
• Interoperability• Open Closed• Intern Extern• Participation models
• Cooperation models(Communities)• Sharing (Data Resources)• Agile, Smart, Secure, Beta, Good
Enough
TRADITIONALORCHESTRAL
JAZZ GOV
NameTitle of Presentation
CC by imagesfrugales
SMALLAGILE & FLEXIBLERAPID PROTOTYPING
ORCHESTRA
JAZZ GOV
Flexible agile OrchestraIdea: P. Kustor
Donau-Universität Krems.Die Universität für Weiterbildung.
Johann HöchtlPeter Parycek
Center for E-Governance{peter.parycek|johann.hoechtl}
@donau-uni.ac.at
CC-BY 3.0
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