from optimizing land use to time management: adaptation strategies for sustainable urban transport...

FROM OPTIMIZING LAND USE TO TIME MANAGEMENT: ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT

Pr. Yves Crozet Institute of Transport Economics (LET)

University of Lyon - Franceyves.crozet@let.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr

www.let.fr

3rd International ForumShanghai 2010/09/11-13

Urban density and transport energy use per capita for world cities

R² = 0,71

« Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (1)

Nb of cars per 100 inhabitants

3941,43

2584,29

8756,78

3157,77

2381,40

3369,89

Profil ExtensifProfil Intensif

Population (milliers)

Surface(x100 ha)

PIB urbain par pers. (x10 dollars US)

Urban GDP/per Cx10 US $

Surface(/square km)

Population(x1000)

ExtensiveIntensive

« Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (3)

5,90

92,88

56,98

27,59

65,38

38,75

Profil ExtensifProfil Intensif

Part modale des Transports Publics

Motorisation(veh./ 100 pers.)

Part modale de l'automobile (%)

Modal shareof public transport

Modal shareof car

Nb of cars per 100 inhabitants

ExtensiveIntensive

« Extensive » vs « intensive » cities (2)

Average speedon road network (Km/h)

ExtensiveIntensive

Average dailydistance (Km)

Daily travel timebudget (min)

R² = 0,36

North AmericaR² = 0,53

Western EuropeR² = 0,01

Bouvard, à partir de la base UITP « The Millenium Cities Database » 1995

Relationships between TTB, urban form, transportation system and emissions for European cities

Source: « The Millenium Cities Database » 1995

Urban density and transport energy use per capita for European cities

TTB motorized means (min) and density (persons/ha)

TTB motorized means (min) and Average daily distance traveled (Km)

TTB motorized means (min) and Average road network speed (km/h)

TTB motorized means (min) and overall average speed of public transport (km/h)

Average road network speed and and overall average speed of public transport

TTB motorized means (min) and share of travel by public modes

TTB motorized means (min) and Air Pollution – total emissions per capita (kg/pers)

Relationships between TTB, urban form, transportation system and emissions for European cities

Cities Density TTBDaily

distance traveled

Daily distance

traveled by car

Daily distance

traveled by public

transport

Average road

network speed

Overall average speed

of public transport

Share of travel by

public modes

Total emissions per capita

Total transport

energy use per capita

Barcelona High Low Low Low Average Average Average High Low Low

Madrid High Low Low Low Average Average Average High Low Low

Amsterdam Average Low Low Average Average Average LowAverage

(strong share bike)

Low Low

Berne Average High High High High High High Average Low Low

Helsinki Low Low Average Average Average Average High Average Low Low 

Lyon AverageAverage Average Average Low Low Low Low Average Average

Munich AverageAverage Average Average High Average High High Average Average

Copenhagen Low Average High High Average High High Average Average Average 

Frankfurt AverageAverage Average Average Average Low Average Average High High

Stockholm Low Average High High High High High Average High High

Oslo Low Average High High Average Average High Low High High

Rome Average High High High High Low Average High High High

Low emissions High emissions

Madrid Helsinki Berne

Density High 86

pers/ha

TTB Low 34 min

Distance Low 17 km

Road network speed

Average 35 km/h

Speed of public transpor

t

Average 24 km/h

Share of travel by

public modes

High 32%

Density Average 44

pers/ha

TTB High 50 min

Distance High 30 km

Road network speed

High 44 km/h

Speed of public transpor

t

High 33 km/h

Share of travel by

public modes

Average 21%

Density Low 33

pers/ha

TTB Low 37 min

Distance Average 21 km

Road network speed

Average 38 km/h

Speed of public transpor

t

High 30 km/h

Share of travel by

public modes

Average 20%

Oslo Rome

Density Low24

pers/ha

TTB Average 46 min

Distance High 26 km

Road network speed

Average 35 km/h

Speed of public transpor

t

High 31 km/h

Share of travel by

public modes

Low 15%

Density Average 56

pers/ha

TTB High 70 min

Distance High 30 km

Road network speed

Low 30 km/h

Speed of public transpor

t

Average 24 km/h

Share of travel by

public modes

High 23%