from textbook to e textbook - yoni har carmel

FROM TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK

TO E-TEXTBOOKE-TEXTBOOK REGULATORY CHALLENGES

Yoni Har Carmel

The Center for Research and Development of Alternatives in Education

FROM TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK TO E-E-TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK:

REGULATORY CHALLENGES

Textbook Regulation Textbook

Regulation

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

The State Education Regulations (supervisory arrangements), 1956 § 21: “ No textbook shall be used for the purpose of teaching students within any educational institute, unless it has been approved in accordance with article 4(b)(4) [ …]”

The State Education Law, 1953

Article 4(d):

“ “Textbook”: a designated book for the use of students or teachers within an educational institute in accordance with a curriculum and published in any form or technology”

THE PURPOSE OF REGULATING THE USE OF THE PURPOSE OF REGULATING THE USE OF TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK

ObjectiveTo achieve conformity and consistency of

state wide curriculum

To assure the selection of textbook of highest quality

To reduce the private expense on textbooks

Textbook Regulatio

n

Regulator

School Publisher

Tulley Michael M., A Descriptive Study of the Intents of State-Level Textbook Adoption Processes, Educ. Evaluation & Pol'y Analysis 7 289 (1985)

THE TEXTBOOK APPROVAL PROCESSTHE TEXTBOOK APPROVAL PROCESS

Development Proposal Approval

Academic and Pedagogic

Evaluation

Price Approval

Post-Approval Conditions

PublisherAp

peal

THE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE POLICY MEASURESTHE POLICY MEASURES

The Intended Curriculum: what and how students should learn.

The Enacted Curriculum: what and how students are taught in schools.

The Learned Curriculum: what do students actually learn.

“Potentially Enacted Curriculum".

Development Proposal Approval

Academic and Pedagogic

Evaluation

Price Approval

Post-Approval Conditions

PublisherAp

peal

THE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE POLICY MEASURESTHE POLICY MEASURES

Development Proposal Approval

Academic and Pedagogic

Evaluation

Price Approval

Post-Approval Conditions

PublisherAp

peal

THE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE TEXTBOOK REGULATION POLICYTHE POLICY MEASURESTHE POLICY MEASURES

The National Program for Adapting the Israeli Education System to the 21st Century

“ […] to lead to the existence of

innovative pedagogy in the schools,

while integrating information and

communication technologies (ICT).”

FROM TEXTBOOK TO E-TEXTBOOKFROM TEXTBOOK TO E-TEXTBOOKDIGITAL LEARNINGDIGITAL LEARNING

Digital Learning

Tech

nolog

y Pedagogy

Content

eTextbook

Development Proposal Approval

Academic and Pedagogic

Evaluation

Price Approval

Post-Approval Conditions

PublisherAp

peal

Legal Clearance

TechnologicalStandards Compliance

Check

FROM TEXTBOOK TO E-TEXTBOOKFROM TEXTBOOK TO E-TEXTBOOKTHE E- TEXTBOOK APPROVAL PROCESSTHE E- TEXTBOOK APPROVAL PROCESS

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

Effective?

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

STAGE I – CHALLENGING THE STAGE I – CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSASSUMPTIONS

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

The Textbook’s

Sources

of

Authority

The separation between author and reader

(Olson, 1989)

The norms of the educational institute

(Luke et al., 1989)

The teaching practices of the traditional pedagogy

(Baker & Freebody, 1989)

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

Object

(fixed, static, (linear

Nature of the Learning Material

Process

(modular, evolving ,

non- linear)

hyperlinks, learning object, media layers

E-TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

Close, Physical,

Schematic

Learning Environment

Open, On-line ,Virtual

(distance learning, MOOCs, LMS, mobile

learning, BYOD)

E-TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

Traditional pedagogy

Pedagogic Practices

Constructive pedagogy

(collaborative / active learning, High Order

Thinking)

E-TEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

AssumptionIn the Digital Age

Textbook acts as authority within the

classroom

A tool for enhancing the teachers’ and the students’ autonomy

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

E-Textbook Regulation

Relatively less likely to achieve consistency and conformity to

the state determined curriculum.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

AssumptionIn the Digital Age

The textbook is a fixed object

The e-textbook is an evolving process

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

E-Textbook Regulation

Limited in its capacity to assure the quality of e-textbook.

מכירה נוספת, ספרייה, צילומים, שוק יד שנייה

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

AssumptionIn the Digital Age

The price is the only factor on the private

expense

The publisher has control over possible

uses in the e-textbook

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONSCHALLENGING THE ASSUMPTIONS

E-Textbook Regulation

Fails to limit additional charges imposed by publishers.

E-Textbook

Regulation

Relatively less likely to achieve consistency and conformity to the

state determined curriculum.

Limited in its capacity to assure the quality of e-textbook.

Fails to limit additional charges imposed by publishers.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

STAGE II - LOOKING FOR THE STAGE II - LOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVESALTERNATIVES

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

LOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVESLOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVES

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

LOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVESLOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVES

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

LOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVESLOOKING FOR THE ALTERNATIVES

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-TEXTBOOK REGULATIONREGULATION

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

1. As technology advances a centralized governmental control over textbooks becomes less effective.

2. Technology affords substantial alternative or supplementary tools that can be utilized in order to achieve the same purposes.

THANK YOU

YONIHARCARMEL@GMAIL.COM