functional planning for peace operations missions

Functional Planning Functional Planning ForFor

Peace Operations MissionsPeace Operations Missions

MPAT TE-4 MPAT TE-4

LOGISTICS / TRANSPORTATION FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Name of briefers: MAJ JOSE JUAN VELAZQUEZ (US ARMY) Ltc Cdr Williams (US NAVY)

OPERATION BLUE SINGA

• Group member Introductions • Scenario

– Purpose– Situation Overview– Guidance– Msn Statement

• Logistics Principles / Considerations• Multinational Logistics• UN Logistics• Mission Analysis• Questions ?• Summary

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• Name• Country• Current Military Position• Military Background / Past Planning Experience

GROUP MEMBER MEMBER INTRODUCTIONSINTRODUCTIONS

Outline broad objectives and planning considerations for logistics operations in support of OPERATION BLUE SINGA

PURPOSEPURPOSE

• Ongoing Peacekeeping situation escalates to a level that exceeds UNMOG mission and capabilities and causes the collapse of the military observer mission

• Chief of Military Observers (CMO) recommends deployment of a UN sanctioned Multinational Force (MNF) to contain the situation. Samagaland and S. Tindoro leaders open dialogue to consider CMO’s recommendation and other actions to resolve crisis and agree on Singapore to lead the MNF.

• UNSC Resolution 147 sanctions deployment of MNF led by Singapore

SITUATION OVERVIEWSITUATION OVERVIEW

• Separation of Factions• Facilitate HA operations• Repatriate Displaced Personnel (DP)• Restore stable conditions• Transition to Host Nation civil/military

authorities• Emergency repairs to critical infrastructure• Support NGOs in HA operations• Others

JOINT STAFF JOINT STAFF WARNING ORDER WARNING ORDER

GUIDANCEGUIDANCE

Coalition Task Force GOODWILL will commence deployment of a multinational force no earlier than 28 August 02, to conduct peacekeeping operations in North and South Tindoro, in accordance with UNSCR 147, in order to create conditions necessary for a secure and stable environment in North and South Tindoro.

SINGAPORE JOINT STAFF SINGAPORE JOINT STAFF WARNING ORDERWARNING ORDER

MISSION STATEMENTMISSION STATEMENT

INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS

MOBILIZATION DEPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT SUSTAINMENT

ECONOMY LOGISTICS FORCES BRIDGE

LOGISTICAL PRINCIPLES

RESPONSIVENESSSIMPLICITYFLEXIBILITYECONOMY

ATTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITYSURVIVABILITY

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF LOGISTICS

SUPPLYMAINTENANCE

TRANSPORTATIONGENERAL ENGINEERING

HEALTH SERVICESOTHER SERVICES

SIGNIFICANT SUPPLY PROBLEMS

BULK FUEL

BULK WATER

AMMUNITION

KEY ELEMENTS

LINES OF COMMUNICATIONS

THEATER TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

UNITS - FORCES TO OPERATE SEAPORTS, BASES, AND AIRPORTS

HOST NATION SUPPORT

PHASING

PEACE OPERATIONS TRANSITION THROUGH VARIOUS PHASES

LOGISTICS IS THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL PHASING AND CAMPAIGN PLANNING

CRITICAL ISSUES

AVOID FOCUS ON THE DEPLOYMENT

SUSTAINING THE PEACE OPERATION AS IT TRANSITIONS THROUGH ITS PHASES IS MOST IMPORTANT

SUSTAINMENTLEVEL

SPECIAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

• DEMANDS OF AN EXPANDING FORCE• CRITICAL ITEMS• BOTTLENECKS• MOVEMENT CONTROL• PUSH VERSUS PULL RESUPPLY• CIVILIAN SUPPLY SOURCES

THEATER LOGISTICS

• GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE• TRANSPORTATION AND TOPOGRAPHY• LOGISTICS CAPABILITY• LOGISTICS ENHANCEMENTS• INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION• ECHELONS OF SUPPORT• ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES• HOST NATION SUPPORT AVAILABILITY

JOA

LOGISTICS CONCEPT

INTRATHEATERLINES OF

COMMUNICATION

INTERTHEATERLINES OF

COMMUNICATION

TACTICAL

OPERATIONALSTRATEGIC

TAA

SLOC

ALOC

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• FUNDAMENTALS

• COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND

ORGANIZATION

• PLANNING

• SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS

• LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING

• UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSDEFINITION

“ANY COORDINATED LOGISTIC ACTIVITY INVOLVING TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES SUPPORTING A MULTINATIONAL FORCE CONDUCTING MILITARY OPERATIONS UNDER THE AUSPICES OF AN ALLIANCE OR COALITION, INCLUDING THOSE CONDUCTED UNDER A UN MANDATE.”

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS

• SINGLE NATION LEAD IS THE MOST EFFICIENT

• SHARED LOGISTICS INCREASES COMPLEXITY

• AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL, THIS MAY BE IMPERATIVE FOR LARGE MANEUVERS

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSSPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

• IMPACT OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY• U.S. AS PROVIDER/RECIPIENT• LIMITS• STRUCTURE OF MULTINATIONAL

ORGANIZATION COMMANDING OPERATION

• TYPE OF OPERATION (MOOTW)

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSBENEFICTS

• LESSENS DEMANDS ON EACH NATION• CENTRALIZED COORDINATION• REDUCTION IN LOGISTIC FOOTPRINT• ALLOWS MORE NATIONS TO PARTICIPATE

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSCONCERNS

• NATIONS RELUCTANT TO COMMIT LOGISTIC FORCES EARLY

• AD HOC ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT• LOGISTICS “DIRECTIVE AUTHORITY” NOT

GIVEN• ACHIEVING CONSENSUS DIFFICULT• NATIONAL LEGAL RESTRICTIONS• DIFFERING ROTATION POLICIES• OVERCOME “GO-IT-ALONE” MENTALITY

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• FUNDAMENTALS

• COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND

ORGANIZATION

• PLANNING

• SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS

• LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING

• UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSLOGISTICS CONSIDERATIONS FOR C2

• FLEXIBLE C2

• ORGANIZED BASED ON OPERATIONAL MISSION

• MNFC SPAN OF CONTROL ESTABLISHED DURING PLANNING

• LINKAGE BETWEEN APPROPRIATE OPERATIONAL HQs NEEDS TO BE PLANNED

• DESIGNATE A THEATER LOGISTICS COMMANDER (TLC)?

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS(C2 ISSUES)(C2 ISSUES)

• MNFC COMMANDS AIR, LAND, SEA FORCES AND ASSOCIATED SUPPORT ELEMENTS

• NATIONAL SERVICE COMPONENT COMMANDS COMMAND FORCES AND ASSOCIATED SUPPORT ELEMENTS

• MJLC/TLC COORDINATES SUPPORT ELEMENTS AND MN LOG CENTER (IF ESTABLISHED)

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• FUNDAMENTALS

• COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND

ORGANIZATION

• PLANNING

• SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS

• LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING

• UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

PEACE OPERATIONS PLANNINGPEACE OPERATIONS PLANNING(LOGISTICS)(LOGISTICS)

LOGISTICELEMENTS

USFORCES

MultinationalFORCES

Familiarity WithFamiliarity Withand Adherence to:and Adherence to:

Status-of-ForcesAgreement

LegalRestraints

RegulatoryRestraints

PoliticalRestraints

HOST NATIONHOST NATION

• MNFC PERSPECTIVE:– SUFFICIENT LOGISTIC AUTHORITY & RESOURCES

TO SUPPORT OPERATIONAL PRIORITIES– NATIONS LEVERAGE THEIR LOGISTIC

CAPABILITIES TO ENSURE THAT ALL NATIONAL & MN FORMATIONS ARE SUPPORTED (with MINIMAL FOOTPRINT)

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS(PLANNING GUIDANCE)(PLANNING GUIDANCE)

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSPLANNING GUIDANCE

• LOG PLANNING CRITICAL ISSUES:

– COMMAND & CONTROL RELATIONSHIPS– AUTHORITIES & RESPONSIBILITIES (MNFC & NATIONS)– INTEROPERABILITY OF LOG COMMO SYSTEMS– LOG REQUIREMENTS FOR NATIONAL CONTINGENTS– REQUIREMENT FOR MN SUPPORT, OP LEVEL LOG FORCES– SUPPORT CONCEPTS & ARRANGEMENTS (RSN, LN)– STANDARDS AND PRIORITIES FOR LOGISTICS– LOGISTICS INTELLIGENCE DATABASE

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSPLANNING GUIDANCE

• LOG PLANNING CRITICAL ISSUES CONT’:

– FNS REQUIREMENTS, AUTHORITIES, RESPONSIBILITIES– RELATIONSHIPS WITH IOs, NGOs, PVOs– EXTENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS– LANDING RIGHTS, CUSTOMS, TAXES, (SOFAs,

TECHNICAL ARRANGEMENTSs)– ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS– COMMON FUNDING & AVAILABILITY

– PHASE I: DEPLOYMENT– PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT OPERATIONS– PHASE III: REDEPLOYMENT/TERMINATION

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICSMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS(PLANNING BY OPERATIONAL PHASE)(PLANNING BY OPERATIONAL PHASE)

• KEY TASKS– IDENTIFYING TPFDD INFORMATION (PODs,RDDs)– HARMONIZE NATIONAL PLANS INTO MN PLAN– DEFINE C2 ORG TO CONTROL DEPLOYMENT– IDENTIFY LOGISTICIANS IN ENABLING FORCE– ARRANGE FNS/HNS FOR RECEPTION, ONWARD MOVEMENT– DEVELOP AGREEMENTS FOR TRANSIT AND OVERFLIGHT– ARRANGE SUPPORT FOR DEPLOYING FORCES (MED,

VEHICLE, ENGINEER, TROOP SPT)

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNINGMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING(PHASE I: DEPLOYMENT)(PHASE I: DEPLOYMENT)

• KEY TASKS:– IDENTIFY CRITICAL SUSTAINMENT

REQUIREMENTS– DEVELOP CONCEPTS OF

SUPPORT/SUSTAINMENT– PRIORITIZE FNS AND ARRANGE IT– IDENTIFY LN,RSN LOG FUNCTIONS, SOLICIT– ESTABLISH POLICY FOR LOCAL CONTRACTING– IDENTIFY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMON

FUNDING

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNINGMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING(PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)(PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)

• KEY TASKS cont:– ESTABLISH REQ FOR LOG REPORTING, FORMATS– IDENTIFY REQ FOR STAFFING MN LOG HQ & CENTERS– DEVELOP ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY & PROCEDURES– IDENTIFY LOG SPT REQUIREMENTS – MUNITIONS

STORAGE SITES

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNINGMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING(PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)(PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)

• TRANSITION OPERATIONS– US JOINT TO MULTINATIONAL OPERATION– UN OPERATION TO A MULTINATIONAL OPERATION– WITHDRAWL OF US FORCES FROM A

MULTINATIONAL OPERATION

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNINGMULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING(PHASE III:REDEPLOYMENT/TERMINATION)(PHASE III:REDEPLOYMENT/TERMINATION)

Multinational PlanningMultinational PlanningConsiderationsConsiderations

• Force capabilitiesForce capabilities• Command, control, and communications - will there Command, control, and communications - will there be Cbe C4 4 problems with Cproblems with C22 structure? structure?• Logistics - who provides unique support, and to Logistics - who provides unique support, and to what extent?what extent?• Level of training the multinational force possessesLevel of training the multinational force possesses• Will COMSEC impede or enhance operations?Will COMSEC impede or enhance operations?

Multinational PlanningMultinational PlanningConsiderationsConsiderations

• Status of existing agreements?Status of existing agreements?• Liaison Officers (LNOs)Liaison Officers (LNOs)• Linguist requirementsLinguist requirements• What are the data exchange requirements?What are the data exchange requirements?• Devices for automating data exchangesDevices for automating data exchanges• Procedures for manual data exchangesProcedures for manual data exchanges• Releasability Releasability

• LANGUAGE BARRIERS AND ACRONYMS

• LOGISTICS PROCESSES, PROCEDURES AND SYSTEMS

• SENSE OF TIMING

• NATIONAL REGULATIONS

MULTINATIONAL PROBLEMS

INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES

FUEL

PARTS AND TOOLS

TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS

FOOD

AMMUNITION

COORDINATION MEETINGS -- LOTS OF THEM!

LIAISON OR EXCHANGE OFFICERS

MUTUAL EDUCATION AND TOURS

WELL WRITTEN PROCEDURES

MULTINATIONAL SOLUTIONS

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• FUNDAMENTALS

• COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS

AND ORGANIZATION

• PLANNING

• UN PEACEKEEPING

OPERATIONS

UNITED NATIONS

LOGISTICS Peace Keeping OperationsPeace Keeping Operations

UN LOGISTICS

• FUNDING IS A FUNCTION OF THE MANDATE

• EVENT DRIVEN, NOT TIME DRIVEN (LIKE MILITARY OPERATIONS)

•US AND UN DOCTRINE AND POLICIES ARE MUCH DIFFERENT

DEPARTMENT OF PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS (DPKO)

USYG

PEACEKEEPING

OPERATIONS

ASYG

PLANNING AND

SUPPORT

FIELD

ADMINISTRATION &

LOGISTICS DIVISION

PLANNING

DIVISION

ASYG

OPERATIONS

EUROPE AND

LATIN AMERICA

DIVISION

AFRICA

DIVISION

ASIA AND

MIDDLE EAST

DIVISION

UN SUPPORT PLANS

•THREE BASIC METHODS

• ONE NATION CONTROLS ALL LOGISTICS

• LOGISTICS A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY

• DECENTRALIZE BY REGION

KEY UN LOGISTICS BILLETS

SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVETO THE SECRETARY

GENERAL (SRSG)

HUMANRIGHTS

DIVISION

CIVILIANPOLICE

COMMISSIONER

UN FORCECOMMANDER

CHIEF LOGISTICS

OFFICER (CLO)

ELECTORALDIVISION

HUMANITARIANAFFAIRS

COORDINATOR

NATIONALCONTINGENTS

UN FORCEHEADQUARTERS

INFORMATIONDIVISION

CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVEOFFICER (CAO)

UN LOGISTICS CONCEPT• CONTROLLED BY THE CHIEF LOGISTICS OFFICER

• DEVELOPS A FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT GROUP

• NATIONAL SUPPORT CELLS PROVIDE ORGANIC SUPPORT TO NATIONAL CONTINGENT

• NATIONAL SUPPORT CELLS PROVIDE AN ELEMENTS TO THE FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT GROUP FOR COORDINATION

LETTER OF ASSISTLETTER OF ASSIST

• When essential items/services are not available through commercial sources, a requisition, known as a Letter of Assist (LOA), may be raised to obtain the item from a government supplying troops to the mission– Can be UNOE or COE– Reimbursement processed thru UNHQ– Approval of LOA – FALD, UNHQ

CHALLENGES TO UN LOGISTICSCHALLENGES TO UN LOGISTICS

• Diverse assortment of people

• Diverse equipment (Capability, RAM)

• Unusual or no host infrastructure

• UNSC mandate, often later

• Elapsed time - 2-3 months for CAO

• Contractor/vendor availability

• Completion/withdrawal difficult

LOGISTICS / TRANSPORTATIONLOGISTICS / TRANSPORTATIONFUNCTIONAL GROUPFUNCTIONAL GROUP

MISSION ANALYSIS PROCESS

J4/Logistics Readiness Center (LRC) provides:

(1) Logistic readiness of available forces

(2) Logistic impact of available infrastructure in operational area

(3) Status of hard to obtain materials and services

MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISDETERMINE KNOWN FACTSDETERMINE KNOWN FACTS

MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISDETERMINE ASSUMPTIONSDETERMINE ASSUMPTIONS

J4/JLRC consider:(1) Logistic status of forces at probable time of

execution(2) Logistic impact of characteristics of operational

area(3) Health services support requirements/capability

(in conjunction with the Surgeon)(4) Available transportation for inter and intra-theater

deployments(5) Availability of supplies and services to support

projected operations

MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISANALYZE MISSION AND INTENTANALYZE MISSION AND INTENT

• Understand the Combatant commander's mission (understand the WHY of the mission)

• Understand the Combatant commander's intent

• Knows the operations area (JOA, etc.)

• Understand the Combatant commander's military deception plan, if there is one -- objective, targets story, plan and activities

MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISDETERMINE LIMITATIONSDETERMINE LIMITATIONS

• Restrictions placed on the JTF:

Constraints -- required actions that limit freedom of action (e.g., conduct air strikes within a specific period of time)

Restraints -- actions the JTF is prohibited from taking (e.g., cannot pursue enemy across an international border)

• Imposed by higher headquarters

• Implied by conditions

MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISTASKS TO BE PERFORMEDTASKS TO BE PERFORMED

• List specified tasks (usually in paragraph 2 & 3 combatant commander's order)

• Develop implied tasks -- not specifically assigned, but must be accomplished to perform the mission

• Determine essential tasks -- those required to achieve the conditions that define success

MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISFORCE STRUCTURE ANALYSISFORCE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

• Conduct Initial task organization analysis

• Determine what broad force structure is necessary to accomplish the essential

• Of those required - what does the JTF currently have for planning

• What is the difference between paragraphs a. & b. above?

MISSION ANALYSISMISSION ANALYSISINITIAL RISK ASSESSMENTINITIAL RISK ASSESSMENT

• May be risks associated with:

(1) Mission (risks the CJTF is willing to take for mission accomplishment, e.g. forward presence vs. risk of provocation)

(2) Force protection issues(3) Time available as provided by MNFC imposed limitations

• CJTF staff sections determine risks from their own situational analysis and provide them to the JPG through their representatives

• JPG determines overall risks, considers potential methods for risk mitigation, and disseminates

MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF

CSS TASKS

Specified Tasks

Implied Tasks

Essential Task

MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF

CSS ASSUMPTIONS

MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF

PERSONNEL STATUS

CONCEPT OF SUPPORT

BEFORE DURING AFTERFIX

ARM

FUEL

MOVE

MAN

SUSTAIN

) (

CSS REQUIREMENTSGeneral Supply

Planning Factor Personnel Strength STON Per Day Stockage Objective DOS On Hand5.73 lb/man/day4.934 lb/man/dayO.51 lb/man/day9.92 lb/man/day2.06 lb/man/day1.285 lb/man/day2.5 lb/man/day

Bulk POL

CL V

______ gallons per dayOH _____ gallons

DODIC TYPE BL DAY 1 EXPEND RATE DAY 2-4 EXPEND RATE 3 DAY EXPEND CSR BL + CSR DELTA

Total S&P Equivalent

Daily Requirement• General Supply• CL IIIB • CL V (Day 1) (Day 2-4)

SHORTFALLS/ANALYSIS

MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF

CSS CONSTRAINTS

MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEFMISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF

Logistic guidance Logistic concept, prioritiesMay refer to OPLAN guidanceMay refer to existing or developing logistic estimateTime-Phased Force and Deployment Data (TPFDD) developmentTransportation guidanceStatus and implications of CJTF directive authorityKnown logistic constraints/restraints

Transportation instructions Allocation of strategic liftMobilization informationAirlift information/instructionsSealift information/instructionsAir refueling information/instructionsJoint Transportation Board (JTB)/Joint Movement Center (JMC)

instructions, if applicable

ISSUE WARNING ORDERISSUE WARNING ORDER

COA ANALYSISCOA ANALYSISLOG ESTIMATELOG ESTIMATE

• Address each COA from its own perspective• It is essentially where the staff does its homework

in preparation for an integrated staff effort of:

(1) COA analysis

(2) COA comparison

(3) COA recommendation and selection

COA ANALYSISCOA ANALYSISLOG ESTIMATELOG ESTIMATE

• Address each COA from its own perspective• It is essentially where the staff does its homework

in preparation for an integrated staff effort of:

(1) COA analysis

(2) COA comparison

(3) COA recommendation and selection

LOG COA COMPARISON

COA 1 COA 2 COA 3FIX

ARM

FUEL

MOVE

MAN

SUSTAIN

) (

H+ 0 H+ 4 H+ 5 H+ 7

FIX

FUEL

ARM

SUSTAIN

MOVE

CHS

MISC

H-Hour Synchronization Matrix

SUMMARY

• LOGISTICS PRINCIPLES / CONSIDERATIONS • MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS• UNITED NATIONS LOGISTICS• MISSION ANALYSIS PROCESS

QUESTIONS

?