gasification: the enabling technology western regional air partnership meeting salt lake city, utah...
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Gasification:Gasification:The Enabling TechnologyThe Enabling Technology
Western Regional Air Partnership MeetingWestern Regional Air Partnership Meeting
Salt Lake City, UtahSalt Lake City, Utah
April 5, 2006April 5, 2006
James ChildressJames ChildressExecutive DirectorExecutive Director
Gasification Technologies CouncilGasification Technologies Council
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
GTC MissionGTC MissionPromote greater use of gasification Promote greater use of gasification technologies in environmentally superior technologies in environmentally superior manner.manner.
Priority ActivitiesPriority Activities IndustryIndustry – customer education (national – customer education (national conference and participation in other events)conference and participation in other events)
GovernmentGovernment education with focus on state level education with focus on state level officials – legislative, executive (PUC/PSC, officials – legislative, executive (PUC/PSC, DNR/DEQ, Economic Development)DNR/DEQ, Economic Development)
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
GTC MembersGTC MembersAir Liquide America*Air Liquide America*Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.*Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.*Allied Syngas Corporation*Allied Syngas Corporation*American Electric Power*American Electric Power*Aramco Services Company*Aramco Services Company*The Babcock & Wilcox CompanyThe Babcock & Wilcox CompanyBechtel Corporation*Bechtel Corporation*Black & Veatch Corporation*Black & Veatch Corporation*BOC Gases*BOC Gases*Burns & McDonnellBurns & McDonnellCalpine Corporation*Calpine Corporation*Cinergy Corporation*Cinergy Corporation*ConocoPhillips*ConocoPhillips*Constellation Energy*Constellation Energy*The Dow Chemical Company*The Dow Chemical Company*Drummond Company, IncDrummond Company, IncEastman Chemical Company*Eastman Chemical Company*Emery Energy CompanyEmery Energy CompanyFluor Corporation*Fluor Corporation*Foster Wheeler Energy International Inc.*Foster Wheeler Energy International Inc.*Gas Technology InstituteGas Technology InstituteGE Energy*GE Energy*Genesis Crude Oil, L.P.Genesis Crude Oil, L.P.Global Energy, Inc.*Global Energy, Inc.*Headwaters Inc.Headwaters Inc.Kellogg, Brown & Root*Kellogg, Brown & Root*Kentucky Center for Applied Energy ResearchKentucky Center for Applied Energy Research
Lake Charles Cogeneration, LLCLake Charles Cogeneration, LLCLinde Process PlantsLinde Process PlantsCH2M HillCH2M HillLurgi AGLurgi AGMitretekMitretekMitsubishi Power Systems, Inc.Mitsubishi Power Systems, Inc.Nexant, Inc.Nexant, Inc.Peabody Energy*Peabody Energy*Porvair PLCPorvair PLCPratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Propulsion & Power*Propulsion & Power*Praxair, Inc.*Praxair, Inc.*Primary Energy, Inc.Primary Energy, Inc.Sasol TechnologySasol TechnologySempra GenerationSempra GenerationSFA Pacific, Inc.SFA Pacific, Inc.Shell Global Solutions B.V.*Shell Global Solutions B.V.*Siemens Power Generation, Inc.*Siemens Power Generation, Inc.*Snamprogetti S.p.A.Snamprogetti S.p.A.Tennessee Valley Authority* Tennessee Valley Authority* Uhde Corporation of America*Uhde Corporation of America*UOPUOPURS CorporationURS CorporationValvtechnologies, IncValvtechnologies, IncWMPI Pty., LLC*WMPI Pty., LLC*Worley Parsons Group Inc.*Worley Parsons Group Inc.*
*Member of the Board of Directors*Member of the Board of Directors
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
The MessageThe MessageIGCC cleanest coal-based alternative for power generation, IGCC cleanest coal-based alternative for power generation, reducing natural gas dependency for electricity.reducing natural gas dependency for electricity.
Gasification Gasification alsoalso opens the way for coal to compete with opens the way for coal to compete with natural gas and petroleum to produce value added products.natural gas and petroleum to produce value added products.
ChemicalsChemicalsFertilizersFertilizersFuels (pipeline gas & F-T liquids)Fuels (pipeline gas & F-T liquids)
Implications for: National Security, Fuel Diversity, Implications for: National Security, Fuel Diversity, Geographical Conversion DiversityGeographical Conversion Diversity
Gasification adds value to Nation’s coal reserves and other Gasification adds value to Nation’s coal reserves and other “distressed” fuels/feedstocks.“distressed” fuels/feedstocks.
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
What is Gasification?What is Gasification?
A Process TechnologyA Process Technology
NotNot Combustion Combustion
Converts Feedstocks to HConverts Feedstocks to H22 & CO (Syngas) & CO (Syngas)
Cleans Gas as Integral Part of ProcessCleans Gas as Integral Part of Process
Syngas Can Be Used to Produce:Syngas Can Be Used to Produce:• PowerPower• ChemicalsChemicals• FuelsFuels
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What is Gasification?What is Gasification?
Source: U.S. DOESource: U.S. DOE
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
World Gasification Survey:Summary Operating Plant Statistics
2004
117117 Operating Plants Operating Plants
385385 Gasifiers Gasifiers
Capacity~Capacity~45,000 45,000 MWthMWth
FeedsFeeds
Coal Coal 49%,49%, Pet. Resid. Pet. Resid. 36%36%
ProductsProducts
Chemicals Chemicals 37%,37%, F-T F-T 36%,36%, Power Power 19%19%
Growth ForecastGrowth Forecast 5% annual5% annual
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
U.S. Gasification ExperienceU.S. Gasification Experience20 Plants Operating20 Plants Operating
FeedstocksFeedstocks
Coal/Petcoke - 7Coal/Petcoke - 7
Gas - 9Gas - 9
Petroleum - 4Petroleum - 4
ProductsProducts
Chemicals - 14Chemicals - 14
Power - 4Power - 4
Gas - 2Gas - 2
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
World Gasification Capacity GrowthWorld Gasification Capacity Growth2000-20102000-2010
35,000
45,000
55,000
65,000
75,000
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
(MW(MWth Equivalent) Equivalent)
Source: 2004 World Gasification SurveySource: 2004 World Gasification Survey
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Geographical Distribution of World Geographical Distribution of World Gasification Capacity, 2004Gasification Capacity, 2004
(MW(MWth Equivalent) Equivalent)
Europe +28%
Asia/Aust.22%
Afr/ME34%
C&S America1%
North America15%
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Factors Driving Gasification TrendsFactors Driving Gasification Trends
AsiaAsiaFertilizers & Chemicals (China, poss. India)Fertilizers & Chemicals (China, poss. India)Fuels (China)Fuels (China)Japan, Policy Shift Toward IGCC?Japan, Policy Shift Toward IGCC?
EuropeEuropeRefinery Models – Environment Driven Toward Cleaner FuelsRefinery Models – Environment Driven Toward Cleaner Fuels
– Pernis (Hydrogen, Power)Pernis (Hydrogen, Power)– Italian Plants (Power)Italian Plants (Power)– Gdansk Gdansk – NetherlandsNetherlands
Coal+Renewables – Nuon (Netherlands), Sanazarro (Italy)Coal+Renewables – Nuon (Netherlands), Sanazarro (Italy)COCO2 Concerns
North AmericaNorth AmericaNatural Gas & Petroleum Prices Natural Gas & Petroleum Prices U.S. Coal, Power, EnvironmentU.S. Coal, Power, EnvironmentU.S. Petcoke in Refineries (Hydrogen, Power)U.S. Petcoke in Refineries (Hydrogen, Power)SNG SNG Fischer-Tropsch Clean DieselFischer-Tropsch Clean DieselU.S. Public Sector Incentives ($$ + Regulations)U.S. Public Sector Incentives ($$ + Regulations)Canada – Oil Sands, Coal Canada – Oil Sands, Coal
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
High natural gas & petroleum prices affecting High natural gas & petroleum prices affecting power and manufacturing industriespower and manufacturing industries
Increasing demand for clean electricity from coal Increasing demand for clean electricity from coal w/expectations of COw/expectations of CO2 2 limitslimits
Demand for cleaner, non-petroleum fuels Demand for cleaner, non-petroleum fuels (refinery H(refinery H22, F-T diesel), F-T diesel)
Strong technology providers, alliances & Strong technology providers, alliances & guarantees (ConocoPhillips, GE Energy, Shell guarantees (ConocoPhillips, GE Energy, Shell Global Solutions)Global Solutions)
Federal & state financial incentivesFederal & state financial incentives
U.S. Gasification Drivers
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Energy Price Gasification DriversEnergy Price Gasification Drivers
Index of U.S. Energy Prices
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Q1/98 Q3/98 Q1/99 Q3/99 Q1/00 Q3/00 Q1/01 Q3/01 Q1/02 Q3/02 Q1/03 Q3/03 Q1/04 Q3/04 Q1/05 Q3/05
Nat Gas
Coal
WTI
Source: Eastman Chemical
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Criteria Pollutant ComparisonsCriteria Pollutant Comparisons
Source: S. Khan, U.S. EPASource: S. Khan, U.S. EPA
All emissions in lb/MMBtu. IGCC NOx based on 15 ppmvd/15% O2 and with no SCR. AnSO2 removal of 87% reflects a very low coal sulfur content (0.22%).
PollutantPollutantIGCC IGCC BituminousBituminous
Subcritical PC Subcritical PC BituminousBituminous
Subcritical PC Subcritical PC SubbituminousSubbituminous
NOxNOx 0.0490.049 0.060.06 0.060.06
SOSO22 0.043 (99% 0.043 (99% removal)removal) 0.086 (98% removal)0.086 (98% removal) 0.065 (87% removal)0.065 (87% removal)
PM/PMPM/PM1010 0.0070.007 0.0120.012 0.0120.012
VOCVOC 0.00170.0017 0.00240.0024 0.00270.0027
COCO 0.030.03 0.100.10 0.100.10
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Parameter*Parameter* PC PlantPC Plant IGCC PlantIGCC Plant% less for % less for IGCCIGCC
Solid waste, Solid waste, bituminous coal, tpdbituminous coal, tpd 1,0901,090 430430 6060
Solid waste, Solid waste, subbituminous. subbituminous. coal, tpdcoal, tpd
480480 280280 4242
Solid waste, lignite, Solid waste, lignite, tpdtpd 2,0802,080 1,6001,600 2323
Plant makeup water, Plant makeup water, gpmgpm 9,3409,340 6,0306,030 3535
Wastewater Wastewater discharge, gpmdischarge, gpm 2,9102,910 1,9601,960 3333
Water Use and Solid Waste ComparisonsWater Use and Solid Waste Comparisons
Source: S. Khan, U.S. EPASource: S. Khan, U.S. EPA
Note: gasification slag included in solid waste; only recovered sulfur considered non waste.Note: gasification slag included in solid waste; only recovered sulfur considered non waste.
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Comparative Cost of Hg RemovalComparative Cost of Hg Removal
$3,412
$37,800
$-
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
IGCC PC
Source: U.S. DOE from industry dataSource: U.S. DOE from industry data
Cost per pound of mercury removedCost per pound of mercury removed
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
The COThe CO22 Capture Advantage Capture Advantage
Source: U.S. DOESource: U.S. DOE
90% CO90% CO22 Capture Capture
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Exhaust or Exhaust or Syngas Syngas
PressurePressure
COCO22
Volumetric Volumetric ConcentrationConcentration
COCO22 Partial Partial
PressurePressure
Natural Gas Natural Gas Combined Combined Cycle ExhaustCycle Exhaust
14.7 psia14.7 psia 4%4% 0.6 psia0.6 psia
Supercritical Supercritical Coal Boiler Coal Boiler ExhaustExhaust
14.7 psia14.7 psia 13%13% 1.9 psia1.9 psia
IGCC SyngasIGCC Syngas 825 psia825 psia 40%40% 330 psia330 psia
CO2 Capture Comparison
Source: EPRI, Ben PhillipsSource: EPRI, Ben Phillips
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Cost of COCost of CO22 Capture and Capture and
SequestrationSequestrationParameterParameter IGCC PlantIGCC Plant PC PlantPC Plant
COCO22 capture, % capture, % 9191 9090
Unit output derating, %Unit output derating, %1414 2929
Heat rate increase, %Heat rate increase, %16.516.5 4040
Capital cost increase, %Capital cost increase, %4747 7373
COE increase, %COE increase, %3838 6666
Source: S. Khan, U.S. EPASource: S. Khan, U.S. EPA
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
World Capacity for COWorld Capacity for CO22
SequestrationSequestration
Source: Petroleum Technology Research Center, CanadaSource: Petroleum Technology Research Center, Canada
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GasificationGasification--PolygenPolygen
Insulates manufacturing sector from Insulates manufacturing sector from natural gas cost & volatility for powernatural gas cost & volatility for power
Lower cost alternative feedstocks for Lower cost alternative feedstocks for fertilizers, chemicalsfertilizers, chemicals
Polygeneration has inherent flexibilityPolygeneration has inherent flexibility
Coal to F-T liquids an option to petroleum Coal to F-T liquids an option to petroleum based fuelsbased fuels
A new market for coal in the U.S.
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
““Btu Conversion” TechnologiesBtu Conversion” Technologies
““Coal to gas and coal to liquids are Coal to gas and coal to liquids are extremely powerful…The technologies extremely powerful…The technologies are real, they are today’s are real, they are today’s technologies…Not emerging, not new…technologies…Not emerging, not new…Coal gasification to pipeline gas at $5-6 Coal gasification to pipeline gas at $5-6 per mmBtu, diesel at $35-40 per per mmBtu, diesel at $35-40 per barrel…”barrel…”
Greg Boyce, President & CEO Elect, Peabody Energy, September 2, 2005Greg Boyce, President & CEO Elect, Peabody Energy, September 2, 2005
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Value-Add Potential Value-Add Potential of Btu Conversion Technologiesof Btu Conversion Technologies
to Peabody Coal Reserves to Peabody Coal Reserves
Source: Peabody EnergySource: Peabody Energy
$288
$700
$1,800
$3,600
Coal Electricity SNG F-T Diesel
Billions of dollars of value of Billions of dollars of value of current Peabody coal current Peabody coal
reserves sold as:reserves sold as:
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Significant Federal IncentivesSignificant Federal Incentives
EPACT -- ~$5.4 billion authorized for cost EPACT -- ~$5.4 billion authorized for cost sharing, grants, investment tax creditssharing, grants, investment tax credits
+Loan Guarantees (scoring?)+Loan Guarantees (scoring?)
~ 33 Projects from EPACT incentives?~ 33 Projects from EPACT incentives?
+50 cent/gallon tax credit – F-T diesel +50 cent/gallon tax credit – F-T diesel from coalfrom coal
F-T Off take agreements with DoD?F-T Off take agreements with DoD?
www.gasification.orgwww.gasification.org
Questions?Questions?
For further information: For further information: http://www.gasification.org
oror
Google “gasification”Google “gasification”
Mark your calendarsMark your calendars
June 28-29 Gasification Workshop for State OfficialsJune 28-29 Gasification Workshop for State Officials
Bismarck, ND, Visit to Dakota Gasification PlantBismarck, ND, Visit to Dakota Gasification Plant
October 1-4October 1-4
2006 Gasification Technologies Conference2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Washington, DCWashington, DC
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