geodata, databases and web mapping. 2/9/2014timo damm, gis / visualisierung, cau kiel, germany...

Geodata, Databases andGeodata, Databases andWeb MappingWeb MappingGeodata, Databases andGeodata, Databases andWeb MappingWeb Mapping

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

TimelineTimeline

1989: Birth of the WWW1993: march: CERN announced web as free, CERN announced that access to the web will be free for all.

june: HTML 1.0.[8] The first version of HTML

july: Xerox PARC Map Viewer1996: UMN MapServer 1.0, Developed as Part of the NASA ForNet Project.2003: NASA World Wind2004: OpenStreetMap2005: february: Google Maps

june: Google Earth2006: Wikimapia

extracted from: Wikipedia – Web Mapping

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Web Mapping status 2008Web Mapping status 2008

• Some years ago: web mapping could just be realized by some companies, institutes and mapping agencies. Expensive hard- and software and specialists like cartographers and geomatics engineers were required

• Nowadays: skilled people use freely available web mapping services, some born in the open-source community.

• Barriers: Expensive geodata and technical complexity (e.g. data harmonization, missing standards)

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Mainstream pros and consMainstream pros and cons

Distributed data sources

• Pros: Integration of data from all over the world enriches the possibilities and provide in general much more information as disjoint data storage.If data exchange and integration of distributed data sources works, data of one project can be set in relation to other projects datasets.

• Cons: untrained personal can cause many trouble by not respecting copyrights, data types, projections and moreover redistribute incorrect data

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Web Mapping progressWeb Mapping progress

OCG WMS

OCG SLD OpenStreetMapsWikiMapia

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Aims of the end productAims of the end product

1.Viewing OR Mapping2.Analysis3.Creating and Manipulating4.Conversion5.Sharing

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Steps to realize web mappingSteps to realize web mapping

1. Hardware: ComputerInternet Connection

2. Software: Web ServerWeb Mapping ServerMapping DataMapping Metadata

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Meta DataMeta Data

Metadata (meta data, or sometimes metainformation) is "data about data", of any sort in any media. An item of metadata may describe an individual datum, or content item, or a collection of data including multiple content items and hierarchical levels, for example a database schema. In data processing, metadata is definitional data that provides information about or documentation of other data managed within an application or environment.

from: Wikipedia:Metadata

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Different Geodata TypesDifferent Geodata Types

•Point DataPositions in general, e.g. cities, boreholes, sensor

pos.

•Line DataStreets, Ship Tracks, Fractures, …

•2D Polygon DataPolitical Borders, Landuse, Catastral Maps (?)

•2.5D Polygon Data (Flying Carpets)Topography, Bathymetry, Gravity/Magnetic maps,

…

•3D Volumetric Body DataDensity/Susceptibility Bodies, Reservoirs…

•Difference RASTER / VECTOR data

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

StorageStorage

•Spoken words

•Maps of leather, papyrus, paper, …

•Single Digital files (fixed column, tab seperated, XML)

•Database (Relational, Object-Relational, Object-Oriented)

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Different Web Map ServersDifferent Web Map Servers

Free / Open Source•Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) •GeoServer (freier WMS-Server, in Java impl.) •UMN Mapserver (freier WMS-Server) •deegree opensource WMS•SUAS Mapserver (Open Source extended WMS-Server)

Commercial•ESRI ArcGIS + ArcIMS•Autodesk MapGuide Enterprise/Studio 2007•MapInfo MapXtreme 2005

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

UMN MapServerUMN MapServerhttp://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/http://www.umn-mapserver.de/

MapServer

GDAL (raster)FWTools (

http://fwtools.maptools.org/)OGR (vector) similar to GMT

PHPmapscript connects to WebServer via PHP

+ OpenEV ( GRASS, PostGIS, etc.)

Complies to OGC standards and provides WMS,WFS,WCS interface

Query results in an XML text output

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Problem: Data Types (Vector)Problem: Data Types (Vector)

Vector Data e.g. http://www.gdal.org/ôgr/ogr_formats.html, approx. 30 entries.

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Problem: Data Types (raster)Problem: Data Types (raster)

Raster Data e.g. http://www.gdal.org/formats_list.html, approx. 80 entries!

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Example: DWDExample: DWDD

eu

tsch

er

Wett

er

Die

nst

: h

ttp

://w

ww

.dw

d.d

e

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Example: USGS EarthquakesExample: USGS EarthquakesNear Realtime Seismic monitor: http://earthquake.usgs.gov

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Example: GoYellowExample: GoYellowGoYellow at: http://www.goyellow.de

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Example: NASA World WideExample: NASA World WideWorld Wind website at NASA: http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov

Elevation data viewer

Landsat dataSRTM 30m/90mBlue Marble

http://www.worldwinddata.com

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Example: Google EarthExample: Google EarthGoogle Earth at: http://earth.google.de

Google Earth $0Google Earth Pro $20Google Earth Plus $400

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Example Intagraf CourseExample Intagraf Course

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

Example: Google MapsExample: Google MapsGoogle Maps API on my website. Refer to: http://code.google.com/apis/maps/

04/10/23 Timo Damm, GIS / Visualisierung, CAU Kiel, Germany

ReferencesReferences!!! http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Map_Service !!!

1. Schuurman: GIS – a short introduction, 2004, Blackwell Publishing LTD., Malden, USA (ISBN: 0-631-23532-9)

2. Masser, Salgé: GIS and GENERALIZATION, Methodology and Practice, 1995, Taylor & Francis, London, UK (ISBN: 0-7484-0318-3)

3. Kappas: Geographische Informationssysteme, 2001, Westermann, Germany (ISBN: 3-14-160339-1)

4. Mitchell: Web Mapping Illustrated, 2005, O’Reilly, Sebastopol, USA (ISBN: 0-596-00865-1)

5. Erle, Gibson, Walsh: Mapping Hacks, Tips & Tools for Electronic Cartography, 2005, O’Reilly, Sebastopol, USA (ISBN: 0-596-00703-5)